1.
Hollywood, Florida
–
For the city in Florida with movie studios similar to Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA, see Orlando. Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, located between Fort Lauderdale and Miami, the average temperature is between 68 and 83 degrees. As of 2013 Hollywood has a population of 146,526, founded in 1925, the city grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and is now the twelfth largest city in Florida. Hollywood is a city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census. Joseph W. Young founded the city in 1925 and he dreamed of building a motion picture colony on the East Coast of the United States and named the town after Hollywood, California. After the 1926 Miami hurricane, Hollywood was severely damaged, local newspapers reported that Hollywood was second only to Miami in losses from the storm. Following upon Youngs death in 1934, the city encountered more terrific hurricanes and not only that and it felt as though the city was tumbling slowly piece by piece with all of those tragic events taking place. On Hollywood Boulevard is the Mediterranean-style Joseph Young Mansion, built around 1921, Hollywood is located at 26°1′17″N 80°10′30″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 30.8 square miles. Hollywood is located in southeastern Broward County, and includes approximately 5 to 6 miles of Atlantic Ocean beach,34. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the family size was 3.00. The citys age demographic shows a population with 21. 3% under the age of 18,7. 0% from 18 to 24,31. 3% from 25 to 44,23. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 90.9 men, the median income for a household in the city was $40,714, and the median income for a family was $55,849. Males had an income of $33,102 versus $21,237 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,097, about 9. 9% of families and 13. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. 1% of those under age 18 and 11. 8% of those age 65 or over. Hollywood is filled with about 60 parks, seven golf courses, the famous Hollywood Beach is known for its great broadwalk that extends about 2.5 miles along the Atlantic Ocean. Parking is available on streets or in parking garages for a large fee
Hollywood, Florida
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Art and Culture Center of Hollywood
Hollywood, Florida
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Hollywood Beach in March 2008.
Hollywood, Florida
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Sun rising over the Atlantic Ocean in Hollywood
Hollywood, Florida
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Hollywood's paved beach Boardwalk
2.
Victorious
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Victorious is an American sitcom created by Dan Schneider that originally aired on Nickelodeon from March 27,2010 to February 2,2013. On her first day at Hollywood Arts, she meets Andre Harris, Robbie Shapiro, Rex Powers, Jade West, Cat Valentine, the series premiered after the 2010 Kids Choice Awards. The first soundtrack for the series, Victorious, was released on August 2,2011, the series won for Favorite TV Show award at the 2012 Kids Choice Awards and 2013 Kids Choice Awards, even beating out iCarly. Victorious has had four Emmy nominations and its second soundtrack, Victorious 2.0, was released on June 5,2012. On August 10,2012, Victoria Justice stated that the series would not be renewed, although the Victorious cast only filmed three seasons, when the decision to end the series was made, Nickelodeon split the third season in half, making a fourth season. The plot follows Tori as she finds her place within Hollywood Arts while getting into situations and adventures. They have been a couple since before the start of the series until the Season 3 episode The Worst Couple, Beck and Tori have also had moments where they were attracted to each other, but Tori did not want to risk her small friendship with Jade over this. Lee Darsan Solomon as Burf Victorious is the series created by Dan Schneider for Nickelodeon, after The Amanda Show, Drake & Josh, Zoey 101. Schneider first met Victoria Justice in 2005, when she was twelve, impressed by her energy and look, Schneider hired her and, after working with her on three episodes, called Nickelodeon to say, Ive got your next star. Justice continued her role on Zoey 101 until the series ended in 2008, seeking to follow where the kids are, Nickelodeon executives asked Schneider to create a music-based show for the channel. Near the end of Zoey 101s run, Justice was summoned to meet with Schneider about a series starring her. Victorious is the first series on Nickelodeon to premiere in the decade of 2010, Big Time Rushs first episode premiered two months earlier, but its original pilot premiered in 2009. While discussing possible concepts for the series during the meeting, Justice mentioned that she had attended a performing arts middle school, the idea intrigued Schneider, who recognized the appeal of a series concerning fame. If there is anything Ive learned about kids today—and Im not saying this is good or bad—its that they all want to be stars, marjorie Cohn, who was then Nickelodeons executive vice president of original programming and development, agreed. Every kid thinks theyre five minutes away and one lucky circumstance from being famous and she noted that Schneiders iCarly, a sitcom about a girl who hosts a popular web show, was spurred by the rise of YouTube celebrities and has become a successful series for Nickelodeon. Nickelodeon Productions and the Columbia/Epic Label Group of Sony Music Entertainment agreed to co-produce the series as part of a partnership to develop talent and release their music. Jerry Trainor, Perez Hilton, Josh Peck, Ke$ha, Nathan Kress, Drake Bell, Miranda Sings, Season 1 of Victorious began filming on October 5,2009, and ended on April 14,2010, with 20 episodes produced. Season 2 began filming October 4,2010, and finished filming on February 23,2011, in August 2011, Victoria Justice confirmed that she was returning to the Victorious set, as Season 3 began filming on October 3,2011
Victorious
–
Victorious Cast at the
64th Primetime Emmy Awards in September 2012.
3.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
Pop music
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The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as
the Rolling Stones (pictured here in a 2006 performance)
Pop music
–
According to several sources,
MTV helped give rise to
pop stars such as
Michael Jackson and
Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV.
Pop music
4.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
Columbia Records
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Original home of Columbia in Washington, D.C., in 1889
Columbia Records
Columbia Records
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A Columbia type AT cylinder
graphophone, first released in 1898
Columbia Records
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This article is about the American record label active worldwide except in Japan. For the Columbia label which was a unit of EMI, see
Columbia Graphophone Company. For the Columbia label in Japan, see
Nippon Columbia.
5.
Sony Music Entertainment
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
Sony Music Entertainment
–
550 Madison Avenue in
New York City, the headquarters of Sony Music
Sony Music Entertainment
–
Sony Music Entertainment
Sony Music Entertainment
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Primary businesses
6.
Nickelodeon
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Nickelodeon is an American basic cable and satellite television network launched on December 1,1977, and is owned by Viacom through Viacom Media Networks and based in New York City. It is primarily aimed at children and adolescents aged 7–18 while its weekday morning edutainment programs are targeted at children ages 2–6. As of July 2015, Nickelodeon is available to approximately 93.7 million pay television households in the US, the name of the channel comes from the first five cent movie theaters called nickelodeons. Nickelodeons history dates back to December 1,1977, when Warner Cable Communications launched the first two-way interactive cable system, QUBE, in Columbus, Ohio. Its C-3 cable channel carried Pinwheel daily from 7,00 a. m. to 9,00 p. m. Eastern Time, Nickelodeon launched on April 1,1979, initially distributed to Warner Cable systems via satellite on the RCA Satcom-1 transponder. Originally commercial-free, advertising was introduced in January 1984, the channel also airs reruns of select original series that are no longer in production, as well as occasional original made-for-TV movies. The channel also aired special editions of Nick News with Linda Ellerbee. The channel occasionally airs feature films produced by the networks Nickelodeon Movies film production division, although the film division bears the Nickelodeon brand name, the cable channel does not have access to most of the movies produced by its film unit. Nick Jr. – Nickelodeon currently programs shows targeted at preschool-age children on Monday through Fridays from 8,30 am-3,00 pm Eastern, the block primarily targets audiences of preschool age as Nickelodeons usual audience of school-age children are in school during the blocks designated time period. Programs currently seen in this block include Blaze and the Monster Machines, Team Umizoomi, Bubble Guppies, PAW Patrol, Max & Ruby, Saturday morning block - a morning block of primarily animated series from 9 am-12,30 pm Eastern and Pacific Time. It launched on September 22,2012, as Gotta See Saturday Mornings, recent episodes of certain original series may air when no new episodes are scheduled to air that week. The schedule features series such as SpongeBob SquarePants, Bunsen Is a Beast, ALVINNN. nicks New Saturday Night – a primetime live-action block airing from 8-10pm Eastern and Pacific Time. It launched on September 22,2012, as Gotta See Saturday Nights, recent episodes of certain original series may air when no new episodes are scheduled to air that week. The schedule features The Thundermans and Henry Danger, premieres of the networks original made-for-cable movies also occasionally air during the primetime block, usually in the form of premiere showings. SNICK – SNICK was the networks first dedicated Saturday primetime block that aired from 8,00 to 10,00 p. m. Eastern, geared toward pre-teens and teenagers, it debuted on August 15,1992. The block featured mainly live-action series, although it featured animated series. SNICK was discontinued on August 28,2004, and was replaced the following week by a Saturday night edition of the TEENick block and it was hosted by Stick Stickly, a Mr. Bill-like popsicle stick character. The block was replaced for the summer of 1999 by Henry, the Stick Stickly character was later revived for The 90s Are All That on TeenNick, which debuted in 2011
Nickelodeon
–
Nickelodeon Studios as viewed from the
Hard Rock Cafe in March 2004 before it moved.
Nickelodeon
–
An attempt at the
Guinness record for the world's largest picnic, sponsored by Nickelodeon in
Petah Tikva,
Israel.
7.
Zoey 101
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Zoey 101 is an American comedy-drama television series which originally aired on Nickelodeon from January 9,2005 until May 2,2008. It focuses on the lives of teenager Zoey Brooks, her brother, and her friends as they attend Pacific Coast Academy, the series was created by Dan Schneider. It was initially filmed at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California and it was nominated for an Outstanding Childrens Program Emmy in 2005. Zoey 101 was the most expensive ever for a Nickelodeon series. The series centers around Zoey Brooks as she enrolls in Pacific Coast Academy, throughout the series, Zoey and her friends navigate life as teenagers in a boarding school. As the series progresses, the group of friends grows closer together, in the clip, it becomes apparent that Zoey and Chase have broken up and he is now seeing someone else. Just as Chase is proposing to his current girlfriend Alyssa, Michael storms in and this causes Chase, who is still in love with Zoey, to abandon Alyssa to find Zoey, with the clip ending on a cliffhanger. Nickelodeon has released all 4 seasons on DVD in Region 1, seasons 2,3 and 4 are manufacture-on-demand releases and are available only through Amazon. com. Alliance Home Entertainment has released the first three seasons on DVD in Canada only, season 3 was released on March 8,2011. In Region 4, Madman Entertainment has released the first two seasons on DVD in Australia, Zoey 101, Music Mix is the soundtrack album for the series. It was released on March 7,2006, the album features music of the pop and rock genres. The theme song by Jamie Lynn Spears, wasnt included in the official soundtrack, only the instrumental version. A video game titled Zoey 101 was released in March 2007 for Game Boy Advance, another game called Zoey 101, Field Trip Fiasco was released on September 11,2007 for Nintendo DS. Both video games were published by THQ and developed by Barking Lizards and received poor reception and negative reviews from such as IGN. Zoey 101 is a mini-game collection, players must successfully complete each mini-game, then a dare, and then a final challenge. Dares and challenges are randomly chosen from three games in the level, players can choose to play mini-games freely in the main menu. GameZone awarded the game 4 out of 10, stating that the game was boring, frustrating, just plain unfun. Field Trip Fiasco is about Zoey and her friends taking a trip to a park
Zoey 101
–
Zoey 101
8.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
MTV
–
Michael Jackson, whose discography included music videos such as "
Beat It ", "
Billie Jean ", and "
Thriller ".
MTV
–
MTV
MTV
–
1515 Broadway in
Times Square.
MTV
–
Ken Ober, host of the early MTV game show
Remote Control.
9.
Eye Candy (TV series)
–
Eye Candy is a 2015 American thriller television series which premiered on MTV on January 12,2015. The series was developed by Christian Taylor, and is based on the novel of the name by R. L. Stine. Eye Candy stars Victoria Justice as Lindy Sampson, a genius who goes on the hunt for a serial killer in New York while searching for her lost sister Sara. On February 11,2014, Eye Candy was picked up for a 10 episode first season, Justice revealed on April 18,2015, that the series had been cancelled. Eye Candy centers on tech genius Lindy, a 21-year-old woman who is persuaded by her roommate, Sophia, unfortunately, she begins to suspect that one of her suitors might be a deadly cyber stalker. Casey Deidrick as Detective Tommy Calligan, an officer at the NYPD who is working with Lindy and Bens best friend in the series, harvey Guillen as George Reyes, Lindys coworker, close friend and confidant. Kiersey Clemons as Sophia Preston, Lindys roommate and best friend, John Garet Stoker as Connor North, Sophias best friend and Lindys frenemy. Ryan Cooper as Jake Bolin, one of Lindys love interests in the first season, in FYEO, the ninth episode of the series, it is revealed he is the Flirtual killer. Catherine Shaw, the head of the Cyber Crimes Unit of the NYPD, eric Sheffer Stevens as Hamish Stone Marcus Callender as Detective Marco Yeager, Detective Calligans partner. Rachel Kenney as Detective Pascal Theodora Woolley as Tessa Duran Nils Lawton as Reiss Hennesy, daniel Lissing as Ben Miller, Tommys former partner in the Cyber Crimes Unit who fell in love with Lindy. He was murdered by the Flirtual Killer, jordyn DiNatale as Sara Sampson, Lindys sister who was allegedly abducted. She faked her abduction for an unknown reason, david Carranza as Peter, one of the guys Lindy found on Flirtual and was murdered by the Flirtual killer. Peter Mark Kendall as Bubonic, a highly intelligent hacker, a pilot episode of Eye Candy was ordered on September 13,2013, by MTV. On September 16,2014, the cast was extended with Casey Deidrick, Kiersey Clemons, production began on September 15,2014, and ended on December 20,2014, in Brooklyn, New York City. Eye Candy has received mixed reviews, robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times said, The prologue is well-handled, suspenseful and alarming, but much of what follows seems at least a little bit silly or confused. More positively, Adam Smith of the Boston Herald said, With the suspenseful Eye Candy, we have a pretty good show, the series pilot episode holds a score of 54/100 on review aggregating website Metacritic. Eye Candy at the Internet Movie Database Eye Candy at TV. com
Eye Candy (TV series)
–
Eye Candy
10.
Spectacular!
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Spectacular. is a 2009 Nickelodeon musical TV-movie. It stars singer Nolan Gerard Funk, Australian singer Tammin Sursok, Victoria Justice and Simon Curtis with Matthew Bennett, Andrea Lewis, Harris Allan, Joel Ballard, filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, it premiered February 16,2009. The soundtrack was released on February 3,2009, with a full webstream on MTV. com released the previous week, attracted 3.7 million viewers during its premiere. As the opening credits roll, a band called Flux, apparently with no singer, among the audience is a girl named Courtney Lane. Interspersed with the scenes of the playing, singer Nikko Alexander calmly walks into the club through the back. At the end of the song, he kicks one of the amps. After the performance, the members of Flux, upset by his carelessness, kick him out of the band, Nikkos girlfriend Amy. After the band members leave, Courtney frantically attempts to recruit Nikko into a choir named Spectacular. of which she is leader. Though Nikko is skeptical and condescendingly rejects her offer, Courtney begs him to come to a carnival to see the choir perform, the next day at the carnival, Nikko arrives in time to see the Spectacular. Show choir perform Eye of the Tiger, Nikko declines to join the group, stating that he isnt interested in choir. Soon, another show choir named Ta-da performs Things We Do for Love, the lead singers are Royce, who used to be the lead singer for Spectacular. But quit after breaking up with Courtney, and Tammi, Royces new girlfriend who is a snobby and it is hinted she was a member of Spectacular. Because of the number of times Courtney calls her a backstabber, Nikko recalls Courtneys offer of half the earnings from the contest Spectacular. Plans to perform in, and decides to join the choir in order to get the money to pay for his demo. When they are practicing, however, Nikko finds out that dancing for show choir is not as easy as it looks and cannot easily pick up the dance routines. Nikko, who lives with his older brother Stavros, does not inform his brother that he has joined show choir or that he is attempting to get a deal because he knows Stavros would not approve. Several days later the group, dressed in cowboy costumes, goes to perform at the club Nikko and his old band. There Nikko runs into his old members, leading to an awkward confrontation
Spectacular!
–
Poster
11.
English people
–
The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England along with the later Danes, Normans, in the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become closely aligned with British customs. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and these and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire. The concept of an English nation is far older than that of the British nation, many recent immigrants to England have assumed a solely British identity, while others have developed dual or mixed identities. Use of the word English to describe Britons from ethnic minorities in England is complicated by most non-white people in England identifying as British rather than English. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office for National Statistics compared the ethnic identities of British people with their national identity. They found that while 58% of white people in England described their nationality as English and it is unclear how many British people consider themselves English. Following complaints about this, the 2011 census was changed to allow respondents to record their English, Welsh, Scottish, another complication in defining the English is a common tendency for the words English and British to be used interchangeably, especially overseas. In his study of English identity, Krishan Kumar describes a common slip of the tongue in which people say English, I mean British. He notes that this slip is made only by the English themselves and by foreigners. Kumar suggests that although this blurring is a sign of Englands dominant position with the UK and it tells of the difficulty that most English people have of distinguishing themselves, in a collective way, from the other inhabitants of the British Isles. In 1965, the historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote, When the Oxford History of England was launched a generation ago and it meant indiscriminately England and Wales, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and even the British Empire. Foreigners used it as the name of a Great Power and indeed continue to do so, bonar Law, by origin a Scotch Canadian, was not ashamed to describe himself as Prime Minister of England Now terms have become more rigorous. The use of England except for a geographic area brings protests and this version of history is now regarded by many historians as incorrect, on the basis of more recent genetic and archaeological research. The 2016 study authored by Stephan Schiffels et al, the remaining portion of English DNA is primarily French, introduced in a migration after the end of the Ice Age
English people
English people
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"The Arrival of the First Ancestors of Englishmen out of Germany into Britain": a fanciful image of the Anglo-Saxon migration, an event central to the English
national myth. From A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence by
Richard Verstegan (1605)
English people
–
A reconstruction of an Anglo-Saxon burial chamber at
Sutton Hoo,
East Anglia.
English people
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King Harold II of England (right) at the Norman court, from the
Bayeux Tapestry
12.
Germans
–
Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans. The English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages, before the collapse of communism and the reunification of Germany in 1990, Germans constituted the largest divided nation in Europe by far. Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. Thus, the number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied. Today, people from countries with German-speaking majorities most often subscribe to their own national identities, the German term Deutsche originates from the Old High German word diutisc, referring to the Germanic language of the people. It is not clear how commonly, if at all, the word was used as an ethnonym in Old High German, used as a noun, ein diutscher in the sense of a German emerges in Middle High German, attested from the second half of the 12th century. The Old French term alemans is taken from the name of the Alamanni and it was loaned into Middle English as almains in the early 14th century. The word Dutch is attested in English from the 14th century, denoting continental West Germanic dialects, while in most Romance languages the Germans have been named from the Alamanni, the Old Norse, Finnish and Estonian names for the Germans were taken from that of the Saxons. In Slavic languages, the Germans were given the name of němьci, originally with a meaning foreigner, the English term Germans is only attested from the mid-16th century, based on the classical Latin term Germani used by Julius Caesar and later Tacitus. It gradually replaced Dutch and Almains, the latter becoming mostly obsolete by the early 18th century, the Germans are a Germanic people, who as an ethnicity emerged during the Middle Ages. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire, around 300 independent German states emerged during its decline after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ending the Thirty Years War and these states eventually formed into modern Germany in the 19th century. The concept of a German ethnicity is linked to Germanic tribes of antiquity in central Europe, the early Germans originated on the North German Plain as well as southern Scandinavia. By the 2nd century BC, the number of Germans was significantly increasing and they began expanding into eastern Europe, during antiquity these Germanic tribes remained separate from each other and did not have writing systems at that time. In the European Iron Age the area that is now Germany was divided into the La Tène horizon in Southern Germany and the Jastorf culture in Northern Germany. By 55 BC, the Germans had reached the Danube river and had either assimilated or otherwise driven out the Celts who had lived there, and had spread west into what is now Belgium and France. Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine, in Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become an influence in the development of a common German identity
Germans
Germans
–
Germanic Kingdoms in Europe c. 500 AD
Germans
–
Extent of
Holy Roman Empire in 972 (red line) and 1035 (red dots) with
Kingdom of Germany marked in blue
Germans
–
18 January 1871: The proclamation of the
German Empire in the
Hall of Mirrors of the
Palace of Versailles.
Bismarck appears in white. The Grand Duke of Baden stands beside Wilhelm, leading the cheers. Crown Prince Friedrich, later
Friedrich III, stands on his father's right.
13.
Irish people
–
The Irish people are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 9,000 years according to archaeological studies, for most of Irelands recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland, the people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities, including Irish, Northern Irish, British, or some combination thereof. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine, although Irish was their main language in the past, today the huge majority of Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, there have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Irelands conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, the 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the fathers of Europe, followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry, famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker and James Joyce, notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Robert McClure, Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides, many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. The population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are mainly in English-speaking countries, especially the United Kingdom. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand, the United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears, in its summary of their article Who were the Celts. The National Museum Wales notes It is possible that genetic studies of ancient. However, early studies have, so far, tended to produce implausible conclusions from very small numbers of people and using outdated assumptions about linguistics, nineteenth century anthropology studied the physical characteristics of Irish people in minute detail. During the past 10,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed some different peoples arrive on its shores, the ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Céide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their languages nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived, as late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Iouerne and Hiverne to the Greeks, other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael
Irish people
–
Carrowmore tomb, circa 3000 BC
Irish people
–
Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish scientist and
father of chemistry, whose family obtained land in the plantations
Irish people
–
Finnian of Clonard imparting his blessing to the "
Twelve Apostles of Ireland "
Irish people
–
Irish Gaels in a painting from the 16th century
14.
Puerto Ricans
–
Puerto Ricans are the inhabitants or citizens of Puerto Rico. It is home to people of different national origins and equate their nationality with citizenship, allegiance. Over 90% of Puerto Ricans descend from migrants from these two regions of Spain. Puerto Rico has also influenced by African culture, Afro-Puerto Ricans being a significant minority. Puerto Rico has also received immigration from other parts of Spain such as Catalonia as well as from other European countries such as France, Ireland, Italy and Germany. The population of Puerto Ricans and descendants is estimated to be between 8 and 10 million worldwide, with most living within the islands of Puerto Rico and in the United States mainland. For 2009, the American Community Survey estimates give a total of 3,859,026 Puerto Ricans classified as Native Puerto Ricans. It also gives a total of 3,644,515 of the population being born in Puerto Rico and 201,310 born in the United States, the total population born outside Puerto Rico is 322,773. Of the 108,262 who were born outside the United States,92. 9% were born in Latin America,3. 8% in Europe,2. 7% in Asia,0. 2% in Northern America. Both run-away and freed African slaves were in Puerto Rico and this interbreeding was far more common in Latin America because of those Spanish and Portuguese mercantile colonial policies exemplified by the oft-romanticized male conquistadors. All of these factors would indeed prove detrimental for the Taínos in Puerto Rico, in 1791, the slaves in Saint-Domingue, revolted against their French masters. Many of the French escaped to Puerto Rico via what is now the Dominican Republic and settled in the west coast of the island, Some Puerto Ricans are of British heritage, most notably Scottish people and English people who came to reside there in the 17th and 18th centuries. They were followed by waves from other European countries and China. During the early 20th century Jews began to settle in Puerto Rico, the first large group of Jews to settle in Puerto Rico were European refugees fleeing German–occupied Europe in the 1930s and 1940s. The second influx of Jews to the island came in the 1950s, the native Taino population began to dwindle, with the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, through disease and miscegenation. Many Spaniard men took Taino and West African wives and in the first centuries of the Spanish colonial period the island was overwhelmingly racially mixed. However, under Spanish rule, mass immigration shifted the ethnic make-up of the island, Puerto Rico went from being two-thirds black and mulatto in the beginning of the 19th century, to being nearly 80% white by the middle of the 20th century. This was compounded by more flexible attitudes to race under Spanish rule, amerindian ancestry showed less fluctuation, generally hovering between 5% and 20% irrespective of self-identified race
Puerto Ricans
–
Royal Decree of Graces, 1815
15.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood, California
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood, California
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood, California
–
The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
16.
Ralph Lauren
–
Ralph Lauren is an American fashion designer, philanthropist, and business executive, best known for the Ralph Lauren Corporation, a global multibillion-dollar enterprise. He has also become known for his collection of rare automobiles. Lauren stepped down as Chief Executive Officer of the company in September 2015 but remains its Executive Chairman, as of October 2016, Forbes estimates his wealth at $5.5 billion, which makes Ralph Lauren the 233rd richest person in the world. Ralph Lauren was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants, Frieda and Frank Lifshitz and he is the youngest of four siblings – two brothers and one sister. Lauren attended day school followed by MTA, before graduating from DeWitt Clinton High School in 1957. He grew up playing basketball and baseball and he wanted to be Joe DiMaggio, and then he wanted to be a movie star. Lauren constantly draws inspiration from his heroes including Frank Sinatra, Cary Grant and he went to Baruch College, at the City University of New York where he studied business, although he dropped out after two years. From 1962 to 1964 he served in the United States Army, the Ralph Lauren Corporation started in 1967 with men’s ties. At 28 years-old, Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer Beau Brummell, drawing on his interests in sports, Ralph Lauren named his first full line of menswear ‘Polo’ in 1968. He worked out of a drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Lauren’s men line exclusively and it was the first time that Bloomingdale’s had given a designer their own in-store boutique. In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women, the first full women’s collection was launched the following year. 1971 also marked the opening of Ralph Lauren’s store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills and this is the first freestanding store for an American designer. In 1972 the Ralph Lauren Corporation introduced a signature cotton mesh Polo shirt in various colors, featuring the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt became emblematic of the preppy look—one of Ralph Laurens signature styles. The tag line for the ad campaign was, Every team has its color -- Polo has seventeen, in 1977, Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wore Lauren’s clothes throughout their Oscar-winning film, Annie Hall. The first Ralph Lauren fragrances, produced by Warner-Lauren, Ltd. were launched at Bloomingdales in March 1978, Lauren, a fragrance for women, on March 12 and Polo, cologne for men, on March 26. This was the first time that a designer has introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously, Ralph Lauren opens his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion, on Madison Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City in 1986. Lauren re-creates the buildings original opulence with a design consultant named Naomi Leff
Ralph Lauren
–
Ralph Lauren in 2001
Ralph Lauren
–
The Polo Ralph Lauren flagship store occupying the
Rhinelander Mansion on
Madison Avenue in
New York City
Ralph Lauren
–
A Polo Ralph Lauren store on the
Magnificent Mile in
Chicago
Ralph Lauren
–
Ralph Lauren with his
Porsche GT3 RS (2010)
17.
Gap (clothing retailer)
–
The Gap, Inc. commonly known as Gap Inc. or Gap, is an American worldwide clothing and accessories retailer. It was founded in 1969 by Donald Fisher and Andreas Antoniou and is headquartered in San Francisco, the company operates five primary divisions, the namesake banner, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, and Athleta. Gap Inc. is the largest specialty retailer in the United States, as of September 2008, the company has approximately 135,000 employees and operates 3,727 stores worldwide, of which 2,406 are located in the U. S. The Fisher family remains involved in the company, collectively owning much of its stock. Donald Fisher served as Chairman of the Board until 2004, playing a role in the ouster of then-CEO Millard Drexler in 2002, fishers wife and their son, Robert J. Fisher, also serve on Gaps board of directors. Robert succeeded his father as chairman in 2004 and also served as CEO on an interim basis following the resignation of Paul Pressler in 2007, on February 1,2015, Art Peck took over as CEO. They had raised US$63,000 to open the store, in 1970, Gap opened its second store in San Jose, California, its back room serves as the companys first replenishment warehouse. In 1971, Gap established its headquarters in Burlingame, California with four employees. By 1973, the company had over 25 locations and had expanded into the East Coast market with a store in the Echelon Mall in Voorhees, in 1974, Gap began to sell private-label merchandise. In the 1990s, Gap assumed an upscale identity and revamped its inventory under the direction of Millard Drexler, however, Drexler was removed from his position after 19 years of service in 2002 after over-expansion, a 29-month slump in sales, and tensions with the Fisher family. Drexler refused to sign an agreement and eventually became CEO of J. Crew. One month after his departure, merchandise that he had ordered was responsible for a rebound in sales. Robert J. Fisher recruited Paul Pressler as the new CEO, he was credited with closing under-performing locations, however, his focus groups failed to recover the companys leadership in its market. That January, Pressler resigned after two disappointing holiday sales seasons and was succeeded by Robert J. Fisher on an interim basis. He began working with the company in 1980 and joined the board in 1990, and would later assume several senior positions, including president of Banana Republic. The boards search committee was led by Adrian Bellamy, chairman of The Body Shop International, on February 2, Marka Hansen, the former head of the Banana Republic division, replaced Cynthia Harriss as the leader of the Gap division. The executive president for marketing and merchandising Jack Calhoun became interim president of Banana Republic, in May, Old Navy laid off approximately 300 managers in lower volume locations to help streamline costs. That July, Glenn Murphy, previously CEO of Shoppers Drug Mart in Canada, was announced as the new CEO of Gap, Inc
Gap (clothing retailer)
–
Gap Inc. headquarters building
Gap (clothing retailer)
–
Gap Inc.
Gap (clothing retailer)
–
A Gap location in
Westfield Valley Fair,
San Jose, CA.
Gap (clothing retailer)
–
Gap in
Hillcrest Mall
18.
Guess (clothing)
–
Guess is an American clothing brand and retailer. In addition to clothing for men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes. Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano, Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development. Armand and Paul, also Georges brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house. Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess signature style, stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer, Georges wanted to keep Guess in only the more exclusive stores, such as Bloomingdales. The remaining brothers in the disagreement wanted a larger distribution in KMart, different camps formed within the company, with each pledging allegiance to either Georges or the other three. Georges eventually gave in and sold his stake to his brothers in 1993 for $214.2 million, to finance the purchase, they had to borrow $210 million, and $105 million was still outstanding three years later. To raise money, the decided to take Guess public. Paul was the remaining brother to ultimately lead Guess on his own. The founder, Georges Marciano, and his brothers moved to Los Angeles in 1981, armand and Paul joined Georges and his brother in California. Georges came up with the name after driving past a McDonald’s billboard asking drivers to guess which eatery had the biggest cheeseburger. Maurice Marciano said, “Georges came home and said, ‘I think I found our name, Guess. ’ ” Maurice Marciano tossed up ideas until he got exasperated, and finally his brother, Georges, clarified himself. Guess, with its red triangle patch, stonewashed denim and signature zipper sliding up each ankle, was launched in late 1981. In just one year, sales through Bloomingdale’s and Guess’s Beverly Hills store hit $6 million, Guess soon began advertising, and in 1985, introduced their iconic black-and-white ads. The ads have won numerous Clio Awards, in the 1985 Robert Zemeckis movie, Back to the Future, Marty McFly wore distinctive Guess denim clothing, which was reportedly designed specifically for the film. During the 1980s, Guess was one of the most popular brands of denim jeans, the company was one of the first companies to create designer jeans. While the first jeans were for women, a mens line debuted in 1983, in 1984, Guess introduced its new line of watches known as Guess, Guess Steel, and the Guess Collection. The watch line is still in existence today and has been joined by a number of other accessory sidelines, in 1984, they also introduced a line of babys clothes, called Baby Guess
Guess (clothing)
–
The Guess
emblem with the famous
question mark in the center.
Guess (clothing)
–
Guess store in the
Philippines
Guess (clothing)
–
Guess in Toronto
Guess (clothing)
–
Guess store in
Century City -
Cape Town
19.
Peanut Butter Toast Crunch
–
Cinnamon Toast Crunch, is a brand cereal produced by General Mills and Nestlé. The cereal was first produced in 1984, Cinnamon Toast Crunch aims to provide the taste of cinnamon toast in a crunch cereal format. The cereal consists of small squares or rectangles of wheat and rice covered with cinnamon, because of its rice content, when immersed in milk, one can hear snap sounds coming from it, similar to Rice Krispies. In most European countries the product is sold in boxes but in Poland, the product is currently marketed outside Europe with the mascot of a jolly baker named Chef Wendell. Originally the cereal featured plain squares but currently features artificial cinnamon swirl coloration in each piece, the cereal was originally invented and marketed by General Mills Assistant Product Manager, Elisabeth Trach. Starting in 1986 there were three animated bakers as the mascots, none of which were named, the two besides Wendell are sometimes incorrectly credited as Bob and Quello. The other two bakers were considerably more youthful in appearance than Wendell, Quello, who was Wendells second-in-command, was tall and thin with brown hair, and Bob, the youngest of the group, had black hair and a stocky build. According to a response from General Mills Customer Service, These little guys were cute bakers complete with chef hats. Wendell was the baker that was named, and due to consumer feedback. The cereals original slogan was Im feeling like Cinnamon Toast Crunch tonight, during this time, the three bakers were the mascots, it did not have a slogan, but it featured the three bakers singing the cereals name with each baker singing one word in its title. Starting in 1995, it was given the slogan, The smell you can hear, in January 2007, Cinnamon Toast Crunch experimented with a new slogan, Its That Intense, but switched back after poor reception. In 2009 the slogan became Crave those crazy squares, in 1997, appealing to adult-oriented programming, a campaign featured the slogan The adult thing to do, mostly centering on their adult things going back to kids stuff, including cereal. This was changed in 2004 to Breakfast on a whole other level, however, the cereal is also currently advertised directly to adults, as a healthy breakfast choice with a great taste they grew up with. French Toast Crunch is shaped like many little French toast slices and it was discontinued in 2006, but made a return in 2015 due to its cult popularity among its fans. Peanut Butter Toast Crunch was a cereal consisting of flakes similar, frosted Toast Crunch resembles Cinnamon Toast Crunch with vanilla coating. This cereal was discontinued by 2006, as another offshoot, Monopoly Cereal was a limited edition product created in April 2003 by General Mills. The cereal was like Cinnamon Toast Crunch but with the addition of marshmallows based on the pieces in the Monopoly game, such as houses, sugar Cookie Toast Crunch was like Cinnamon Toast Crunch except with a sugar cookie taste. In both Germany, Austria, and Israel, where a variant of the cereal is known as Cini Minis and it replaced a previously existing apple flavoured variant called Äpple Minis
Peanut Butter Toast Crunch
–
Cinnamon Toast Crunch
Peanut Butter Toast Crunch
–
A bowl of Cinnamon Toast Crunch.
20.
Ovaltine
–
Ovaltine is a brand of milk flavoring product made with malt extract, sugar, and whey. Ovaltine was developed in Bern, Switzerland, where it is known by its original name, soon after its invention, the factory moved out to the village of Neuenegg, a few kilometres west of Berne, where it is still produced. Ovomaltine was exported to Britain in 1909, a misspelling of the name on the registration application led to the name being shortened to Ovaltine in English-speaking markets. A factory was built in Kings Langley, which exported it to the United States as well, by 1915, Ovaltine was being manufactured in Villa Park, Illinois, for the U. S. market. Ovaltine was later manufactured in Peterborough, Ontario for distribution in Canada, the popular chocolate malt version is a powder which is mixed with hot or cold milk as a beverage. Malt Ovaltine and Rich Chocolate Ovaltine are also available in some markets, Ovaltine also manufactured PDQ Chocolate Flavor Beads, PDQ Choco Chips and Eggnog Flavored PDQ, which are no longer available. These drink mixes were very popular from the 1960s to the 1980s, Ovaltine discontinued the PDQ products around 1996. The U. S. childrens radio series Little Orphan Annie and Captain Midnight, children from the time may remember that Ovaltine is an anagram for Vital One. Another radio program aimed at five- to fourteen-year-olds, The League of Ovaltineys, was broadcast to Great Britain by Radio Luxembourg on Sunday evenings at 5,30 PM. Beginning in February 1935, it was broadcast until September 1939, when the outbreak of World War II forced closure of the station, like with the U. S. program, listeners could obtain badges, pins, and secret codes. The Ovaltineys advertising jingle was regarded as one of the most successful jingles of the era. Villa Park, Illinois, was home to the Ovaltine factory in the United States until the companys purchase and withdrawal in 1988. The Villa Park Historical Society maintains a permanent exhibit of Ovaltine advertising, the old factory was converted to loft apartments keeping the original floors and wall exposed. In 1992, Himmel Group obtained the right to make and sell Ovaltine in the U. S. from Sandoz Nutrition Corporation, in 2007, Himmel sold their rights to Novartis. As of 2007, Nestlé had acquired Novartis and has the rights to Ovaltine, the art deco style Ovaltine factory in Kings Langley is a well-known local landmark. Production ceased in 2002 and the factory has now been redeveloped as luxury flats, near the factory was a health farm run by the Ovaltine works which was set up as a model farm and a health resort for disadvantaged children, which operated until the 1960s. Later the farm land was sold and is now occupied by the M25 motorway. The Ovaltine Egg Farm is now the site of Renewable Energy Systems Ltd. in October 2002, the food and drinks division of Novartis, the maker of Ovaltine, was bought by Associated British Foods. ABF currently produces Ovaltine in Switzerland, China, Thailand and Australia, in the United States Nestlé manufactures Ovaltine
Ovaltine
–
Ovaltine advertisement in a medical journal, 1909
Ovaltine
–
A mug of ovaltine made with hot milk, and a tablespoon of the powder
Ovaltine
–
Former Ovaltine factory, Kings Langley. This is the listed
art deco façade of the former Ovaltine factory. It was redeveloped into housing in 2002.
Ovaltine
–
Ovaltine cup manufactured exclusively for the Wander Company, makers of Ovaltine
21.
Gilmore Girls
–
Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel. Sherman-Palladino, her husband Daniel Palladino, David S. Rosenthal, the series debuted on October 5,2000, on The WB and remained a tent-pole to the network until its move to The CW on September 26,2006. The series originally ran for seven seasons and ended its run on May 15,2007, the show follows single mother Lorelai Gilmore and her daughter Rory, living in the fictional town of Stars Hollow, Connecticut. The town is filled with characters and is located approximately 30 minutes from Hartford. The series explores issues of family, friendship and romance, as well as generational divides, ambition, education, work, love, family, and questions of class constitute some of the series central concerns. Gilmore Girls was released to critical acclaim and it featured fast-paced dialogue filled with pop-culture references. It won one Emmy Award for makeup in 2004, the show placed No.32 on Entertainment Weeklys New TV Classics list, and was listed as one of Time magazines All-TIME100 TV Shows in 2007. In 2016, the main cast and Sherman-Palladino returned for a four-part miniseries revival titled Gilmore Girls, A Year in the Life, Lorelai Gilmore grew up with her old money parents, Richard and Emily, in Hartford, Connecticut, but always felt stifled by this environment. At age sixteen she accidentally became pregnant, and a year later left home to raise her daughter Rory in the town of Stars Hollow. Later episodes reveal that Lorelai and infant Rory were taken in by Mia, owner of the Independence Inn, Lorelai and Rory develop a very close relationship, akin to best friends, and Lorelai is proud of the independent life she has formed away from her parents. Desperation and determination lead Lorelai to approach her parents, who she has only once or twice a year since leaving home. Emily and Richard provide her with a loan in exchange for an agreement that every Friday night she, the contrasting mother–daughter relationships of Emily–Lorelai and Lorelai–Rory become a defining theme of the show. The series also focuses on both girls ambition, Rory to become a journalist, and Lorelai to open an inn with her best friend Sookie St James. Rory has three boyfriends during the run of the show - local boy Dean Forrester, bad boy Jess Mariano, the quirky townspeople of Stars Hollow are a constant presence in the show. Rory has a difficult time settling in at Chilton, struggling to match the demands of private school and she meets her first boyfriend, Dean, but the pair break up when Rory doesnt reciprocate his I love you. She is also pursued by arrogant Chilton student Tristan, but she has little interest, Lorelai begins dating Rorys English teacher, Max Medina, though their relationship is complicated by the situation. At the same time, she has a friendship with the local diner owner, Luke Danes. Rorys father, Christopher Hayden, returns and also wants Lorelai, all the while, Lorelai struggles to adjust to having her parents in her life on a regular basis
Gilmore Girls
–
Gilmore Girls
Gilmore Girls
–
Lorelai Gilmore played by
Lauren Graham
Gilmore Girls
–
Rory Gilmore played by
Alexis Bledel
Gilmore Girls
–
Graham, who played Lorelai Gilmore, received critical acclaim for her performance.
22.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
23.
Disney
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
Disney
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The
Walt Disney Studios (corporate headquarters).
Disney
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The Walt Disney Company
Disney
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The building in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz which was home to the studio from 1923 to 1926
Disney
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Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932).
24.
Mary Magdalene
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Mary Magdalene, literally translated as Mary the Magdalene or Mary of Magdala, was a Jewish woman who, according to texts included in the New Testament, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers. She is said to have witnessed Jesus crucifixion and resurrection, within the four Gospels she is named at least 12 times, more than most of the apostles. Based on texts of the early Christian era in the third century, the Gospel of Luke says seven demons had gone out of her, and the longer ending of Mark says Jesus had cast seven demons out of her. She is most prominent in the narrative of the crucifixion of Jesus, John 20 and Mark 16,9 specifically name her as the first person to see Jesus after his resurrection. Ideas that go beyond the presentation of Mary Magdalene as a prominent representative of the women who followed Jesus have been put forward over the centuries. Mary Magdalene is considered to be a saint by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, other Protestant churches honor her as a heroine of the faith. The Eastern Orthodox churches also commemorate her on the Sunday of the Myrrhbearers, during the Middle Ages, Mary Magdalene was regarded in Western Christianity as a repentant prostitute or promiscuous woman, claims not found in any of the four canonical gospels. Mary was a common name in New Testament times, held by a number of women in the canonical Gospels. Mary Magdalene In addition, there were Mary, the mother of James, in the four Gospels, Mary Magdalene is nearly always distinguished from other women named Mary by adding the Magdalene to her name. This has been interpreted to mean the woman from Magdala, a town on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. Luke 8,2 says that she was actually called Magdalene, in Hebrew מגדל Migdal means tower, fortress, in Aramaic, Magdala means tower or elevated, great, magnificent. Talmudic passages speak of a Miriam hamegadela se’ar nasha, Miriam, the plaiter of womens hair, in the Gospel of John, Mary Magdalene is also referred to simply as Mary at least twice. Gnostic writings use Mary, Mary Magdalene, or Magdalene, Mary Magdalenes name is mostly given as Μαρία, but in Matthew 28,1 as Μαριάμ, both of which are regarded as Greek forms of Miriam, the Hebrew name for Moses sister. The name had very popular during Jesus time due to its connections to the ruling Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties. Primary sources about Mary Magdalene come from the four canonical Gospels and these apocryphal sources are dated from the end of the 1st to the early 4th century, all written well after Saint Marys death. The canonical gospels are dated from the half of the 1st century. In addition, the Gregorian figure of the composite Magdalen developed an elaborate literary, Luke 8,2 and Mark 16,9 say Jesus cleansed her of seven demons. Some interpret this as meaning that he healed her from mental or physical illnesses and that she provided for the apostles suggests she was prosperous
Mary Magdalene
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Domenico Tintoretto, The Penitent Magdalene, c. 1598
Mary Magdalene
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Mary in fine clothes, from a German group of the
Entombment of Christ
Mary Magdalene
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The Magdalene washing the feet of Jesus, surrounded by
grisailles of other scenes from the life of the "composite Magdalen",
Frans Francken II, 1637
Mary Magdalene
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Detail of Mary kissing the feet of the crucified Jesus, Italian, early 14th century
25.
Mary (2005 film)
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Mary is a 2005 drama thriller film, written and directed by American director Abel Ferrara. The film stars Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, Matthew Modine, the film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize as well as 3 smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival and San Sebastián International Film Festival. Following the shooting of a film on the life of Jesus called This Is My Blood, Marie Palesi, the director of the film, Tony Childress, who also plays Jesus, can think of only one thing, self-promotion. In New York, television journalist Ted Younger presents a programme about the life of Jesus, like The Da Vinci Code the film puts forward the theory that Mary Magdalene is much more significant than the Catholic Gospels would suggest. Mary presents three narrative threads which represent the three elements of the Trinity, Marie Palesi on her spiritual quest and her relationship with Mary Magdalene represents the Holy Spirit. Ted Younger, whose wife has just given birth, represents God the Father, Tony Childress represents God the Son. Screens play an important part in Mary, each of the three main protagonists are involved in the moving image. Tony Childress is a director and actor, while Ted Younger presents a religious TV programme, ferrera presents constant images of cinema and TV screens. Younger watches constant images of violence from the middle east and he is presented as being somewhat separated from reality, engaging through screens of different sorts. New York City is seen only through his car window, he gazes at his son through the glass of an incubator. Upon its release Mary immediately divided critics and viewers alike, a sincere grapple with faith and redemption in cynical times. – Leslie Felperrin, Variety Somehow turns confusion into a study on what it means to believe in God in this day. – Chris Cabin, Filmcritic. com. both Forest Whitaker and Juliette Binoche give such amazing performances that they should be added to the list of the best work of their careers. – Michael Ferraro, Film Threat Ferrara presents his ideas in whats meant to be a meditation on the nature of faith but ends up an incoherent, pretentious mess. – Josh Bell, Las Vegas Weekly Some critics went as far as rebaptising the director Unable Ferrara after the press screening here in Venice, – Boyd van Hoeij, Europeanfilms. net Murky and forgettable. – Ray Bennett, Hollywood Reporter The original soundtrack was written by Francis Kuipers, the image was taken in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. The film was the first film to be allowed film in the actual church, Mary – Official French Site Mary – Official Polish Site Mary – Official Italian Site Mary at the Internet Movie Database Mary at Rotten Tomatoes
Mary (2005 film)
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Film poster
26.
Venice Film Festival
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The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. The film festival has taken place in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, since its inception the Venice Film Festival has grown into one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world. The 74th Venice International Film Festival is scheduled to be held from 30 August to 9 September 2017, the first edition of the Venice Film Festival was carried out from the 6 to the 21 of August in 1932. The festival began with an idea of the president of the Venice Biennale Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and Luciano De Feo, with good reason, the festival was considered the first international event of its type, receiving strong support from authorities. This first edition was held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior on the Venice Lido, and at that stage it was not a competitive event. The very first film to be shown in the history of the Festival was Rouben Mamoulians Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the second edition was held two years later, from 1 to 20 of August in 1934. For the first time it included a competition, at least 19 countries took part with over 300 accredited journalists. The Mussolini Cup was introduced for best foreign film and best Italian film, other awards were the Great Gold Medals of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment to best actor and actress. The prize for best foreign film went to Robert J. Flahertys Man of Aran and was a confirmation of the taste of the time for auteur documentaries, starting in 1935, the Festival became a yearly event under the direction of Ottavio Croze. The actors award was renamed Volpi Cup, in 1936 an international jury was nominated for the first time and in 1937 the new Cinema Palace, designed by the architect Luigi Quagliata, was inaugurated. The 1940s represent one of the most difficult moments for the review, the conclusion of the Second World War divides the decade in two. Before 1938 political pressures distorted and ruined the festival, in addition, few countries participated and there was an absolute monopoly of institutions and directors that were members of the Rome-Berlin Axis. The festival resumed full speed in 1946, after the war, with the return of normalcy, Venice once again became a great icon of the film world. In 1947 the festival was held at the Doges Palace, a most magnificent backdrop for hosting a record 90 thousand participants, surely it can be considered one of the greatest editions in the history of the festival. For the next twenty years the festival continued its development and expansion in accordance with the plan set in motion after the war. In 1963 the winds of change blow strongly during Luigi Chiarini’s directorship of the festival, during the years of his presidency, Chiarini aspired to renew the spirit and the structures of the festival, pushing for a total reorganization of the entire system. The social and political unrest of 1968 had strong repercussions on the Venice Bienniale, from 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded and the festival returned to the non-competitiveness of the first edition
Venice Film Festival
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Venice Cinema Palace in 2009
Venice Film Festival
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Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
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The
Doge's Palace in
Piazza San Marco hosted the 1947 edition.
Venice Film Festival
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The 65th Venice International Film Festival
27.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
Toronto International Film Festival
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The festival is headquartered at TIFF Bell Lightbox, which opened in 2010.
Toronto International Film Festival
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Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF box office at the
Manulife Centre in 2006
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF Bell Lightbox
28.
Deauville Film Festival
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The Deauville American Film Festival is a yearly film festival devoted to American cinema, taking place since 1975 in Deauville, France. It was established by Lionel Chouchan, André Halimi, and then Mayor of Deauville Michel dOrnano, although not competitive at its origin, the festival began to award prizes in 1995, for feature films, and 1998 for short films. This award was named Grand Prix spécial Deauville from 1995 to 2007,1989, Torch Song Trilogy by Paul Bogart 1990, Pump Up the Volume by Allan Moyle Tune in Tomorrow by Jon Amiel 1991, Trust by Hal Hartley Hangin with the Homeboys by Joseph B. It carries a grant of 3,000 euros for the awarded director-writer,3,000 euros for the films producer, and 10,000 euros for the French distributor to help promote the film. The award, which is named in honour of the former Mayor of Deauville and co-founder of the festival, thomas for Willy 1er The Revelation Prize is awarded by a Revelation jury composed of up-and-coming actors and filmmakers. 1996, Charlotte Rampling, Sabine Azéma, René Cleitman, Dominique Farrugia, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Chiara Mastroianni, Laura Morante, Ornella Muti, Melvil Poupaud and Alain Rocca. 1997, Sophie Marceau, Élodie Bouchez, Philippe Carcassonne, Étienne Chatiliez, Alain Finkielkraut, John Hurt, Michèle Laroque, Inés Sastre, Nathalie Quintane and Lambert Wilson. 1998, Jean-Paul Rappeneau, Michèle Halberstadt, Sandrine Kiberlain, Virginie Ledoyen, Russell Banks, Maurice Bernart, Alessandro Gassman, Ewan McGregor, Liam Neeson, Éric Serra and Christian Vincent. 1999, Régis Wargnier, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Humbert Balsan, Richard Berry, Gabriel Byrne, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Marie Gillain, Michel Houellebecq, Marie-France Pisier and Elsa Zylberstein. 2000, Neil Jordan, Guillaume Canet, Clotilde Courau, Tchéky Karyo, Philippe Labro, Samuel Le Bihan, François Ozon, Vincent Perez, Danièle Thompson and Marie Trintignant. 2001, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Sandrine Bonnaire, Marion Cotillard, Arielle Dombasle, Gérard Darmon, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Darius Khondji, Benoît Poelvoorde and Gabriel Yared. 2002, Pierre Lescure, Chantal Akerman, Richard Anconina, Jean-Marc Barr, Charles Berling, Amira Casar, Julie Gayet, Irène Jacob, Cédric Kahn and Bruno Wolkowitch. 2003, Roman Polanski, Claudia Cardinale, Pawel Edelman, Jacques Fieschi, Ben Kingsley, Anne Parillaud, Zbigniew Preisner, Ludivine Sagnier, Fernando Trueba and Tom Tykwer. 2004, Claude Lelouch, Anouk Aimée, Marie-Josée Croze, Danièle Heymann, Diane Kurys, Jeanne Labrune, Lio, Claudie Ossard, Bettina Rheims and Mathilde Seigner. 2005, Alain Corneau, Enki Bilal, Dominique Blanc, Romane Bohringer, Rachida Brakni, Christophe, Dominik Moll, Melvil Poupaud and Brigitte Roüan. 2006, Nicole Garcia, Maurice Barthélémy, Guillaume Canet, Amira Casar, Emmanuelle Castro, Antoine de Caunes, Julien Clerc, Philippe Djian and Marthe Keller. 2007, André Téchiné, Odile Barski, Xavier Beauvois, Nicolas Cazalé, Charlélie Couture, Émilie Deleuze, Anouk Grinberg,2008, Carole Bouquet, Édouard Baer, Ronit Elkabetz, Diane Fleri, Pierre Jolivet, Cédric Kahn, Cristian Mungiu, Leonor Silveira and Dean Tavoularis. 2009, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Hiam Abbass, Dany Boon, Jean-Loup Dabadie, Émilie Dequenne, Déborah François, Sandrine Kiberlain, Patrice Leconte, Géraldine Pailhas and Bruno Podalydès
Deauville Film Festival
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Sharon Stone at the Deauville American Film Festival in 1991
Deauville Film Festival
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George Clooney (2007)
29.
Hallmark Channel
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The Hallmark Channel is an American cable and satellite television network that is owned by Crown Media Holdings, which is majority owned by Hallmark Cards. The channels programming is targeted at families, and features a mix of television movies and miniseries, original and acquired television series. As of February 2015, Hallmark Channel is available to approximately 85,439,000 pay television households in the United States, the Hallmark Channel traces its history to the launch of two separate religious cable channels, the American Christian Television System and the Vision Interfaith Satellite Network. The two networks began alternating time on a shared transponder slot on the Galaxy III satellite in 1992, under the original timeshare agreement, the network was branded as VISN/ACTS. Each network was provided time for its programming blocks, and would use their own logos, VISN launched on July 1,1988, and was founded by the National Interfaith Cable Coalition, in cooperation with several cable providers. Roman Catholic, LDS Church, Jewish, and Islamic faiths also provided programming, VISN aired during the morning and evening hours. ACTS commenced operations in 1984, and was owned by the Southern Baptist Convention, both channels aired several hours a week of religious childrens programs, some of which overlapped, including Sunshine Factory, Joy Junction, Davey and Goliath, and Jot. In 1993, the network was renamed as the Faith and Values Channel and it began adding a few secular programs during this time, such as exercise shows, health and cooking shows, and family-oriented drama series and movies. In 1995, cable conglomerate Tele-Communications Inc. acquired a 49% ownership stake in the Faith and Values Channel and it added more secular programming to the network and reduced religious programming to about 10 hours a day. In 1996, the network was rebranded as the Odyssey Network, and launched a website, Odysseyfamily. com, the channel began to focus more on family-targeted entertainment programming including some classic sitcoms, childrens programs and additional family-oriented movies. Henson sold its interest in the channel to Crown Media Holdings in 2000, Odyssey then dropped much of its childrens programs and relegated religious programming to a few hours on Sundays. On August 5,2001, the channel underwent yet another rebranding, relaunching as the Hallmark Channel, the restructured network completely dropped religious programming, but continued to focus on family-oriented sitcoms and drama series, dramatic films and other general entertainment programs. The National Interfaith Cable Coalition continued to own about 5% of the channel, david Evans was appointed as CEO of the newly-developing network, until he resigned in May 2006. The network remained without a formal CEO until October 2006, when former Court TV chairman and CEO Henry Schleiff was appointed in the position, overseeing all of the networks’ divisions. In January 2007, Hallmark Channel dropped the Hallmark crown from its logo, although it is used sporadically on-air, in promos. On May 27,2007, Hallmark Channel launched Watch With Me, a new public affairs initiative aimed to promote programming for families to watch together. In 2008, Hallmark Channel unveiled a new branding campaign with predominantly gold coloring, a logo. Henry Schlieff stepped down as the channels CEO on May 6,2009, both parties said Schleiffs departure was amicable
Hallmark Channel
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Hallmark Channel
Hallmark Channel
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Logo as Odyssey Network from 1996 to 2001.
Hallmark Channel
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Hallmark Channel's headquarters in
Studio City, California.
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