1.
Film editing
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Film editing is a creative and technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the process of working with film. The film editor works with the raw footage, selecting shots, Film editing is often referred to as the invisible art because when it is well-practiced, the viewer can become so engaged that he or she is not aware of the editors work. On its most fundamental level, film editing is the art, technique, the job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film together, cut off film slates, or edit dialogue scenes. Editors usually play a role in the making of a film. Sometimes, auteurist film directors edit their own films, for example, Akira Kurosawa, Bahram Beyzai, with the advent of digital editing, film editors and their assistants have become responsible for many areas of filmmaking that used to be the responsibility of others. For instance, in past years, picture editors dealt only with just that—picture, sound, music, and visual effects editors dealt with the practicalities of other aspects of the editing process, usually under the direction of the picture editor and director. However, digital systems have increasingly put these responsibilities on the picture editor and it is common, especially on lower budget films, for the editor to cut in music, mock up visual effects, and add sound effects or other sound replacements. These temporary elements are replaced with more refined final elements by the sound, music. Early films were films that were one long, static. Motion in the shot was all that was necessary to amuse an audience, there was no story and no editing. Each film ran as long as there was film in the camera, in the first shot, an elderly couple is outside an art exhibition having lunch and then follow other people inside through the door. The second shot shows what they do inside, one of the first films to use this technique, Georges Mélièss The Four Troublesome Heads from 1898, was produced with Pauls camera. There is then a cut to close shot of the hands on the girls foot shown inside a circular mask. Even more remarkable was James Williamsons Attack on a China Mission Station, an armed party of British sailors arrived and defeat the Boxers and rescue the missionarys family. The film used the first reverse angle cut in film history, James Williamson concentrated on making films taking action from one place shown in one shot to the next shown in another shot in films like Stop Thief. and Fire. Made in 1901, and many others and he also experimented with the close-up, and made perhaps the most extreme one of all in The Big Swallow, when his character approaches the camera and appears to swallow it. These two filmmakers of the Brighton School also pioneered the editing of the film, they tinted their work with color, by 1900, their films were extended scenes of up to 5 minutes long
2.
Application software
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An application program is a computer program designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user. Examples of an application include a processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, a media player, an aeronautical flight simulator. The collective noun application software refers to all applications collectively and this contrasts with system software, which is mainly involved with running the computer. Applications may be bundled with the computer and its software or published separately. Apps built for mobile platforms are called mobile apps, in information technology, an application is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. An application thus differs from a system, a utility. Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, graphics, some application packages focus on a single task, such as word processing, others, called integrated software include several applications. User-written software tailors systems to meet the specific needs. User-written software includes templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics. Even email filters are a kind of user software, users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is. The delineation between system software such as operating systems and application software is not exact, however, and is occasionally the object of controversy. As another example, the GNU/Linux naming controversy is, in part, the above definitions may exclude some applications that may exist on some computers in large organizations. For an alternative definition of an app, see Application Portfolio Management, the word application, once used as an adjective, is not restricted to the of or pertaining to application software meaning. Sometimes a new and popular application arises which only runs on one platform and this is called a killer application or killer app. There are many different ways to divide up different types of application software, web apps have indeed greatly increased in popularity for some uses, but the advantages of applications make them unlikely to disappear soon, if ever. Furthermore, the two can be complementary, and even integrated, Application software can also be seen as being either horizontal or vertical. Horizontal applications are more popular and widespread, because they are general purpose, vertical applications are niche products, designed for a particular type of industry or business, or department within an organization. Integrated suites of software will try to handle every aspect possible of, for example, manufacturing or banking systems, or accounting
3.
Post-production
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Post-production, or postproduction, is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, and photography. It occurs in the making of pictures, television programs, radio programs, advertising, audio recordings, photography. It is a term for all stages of production occurring after shooting or recording individual program segments, traditional post-production has been eroded away by video editing software that operates on a non-linear editing system. Post-production is many different processes grouped under one name and these typically include, Video editing the picture of a television program using an edit decision list Writing, recording, and editing the soundtrack. Adding visual special effects - mainly computer-generated imagery and digital copy from which release prints will be made, sound design, sound effects, ADR, foley, and music, culminating in a process known as sound re-recording or mixing with professional audio equipment. Transfer of colour motion picture film to video or DPX with a telecine, the process of editing a movie is also seen as the second directing because through post-production it is possible to change the intention of the movie. Furthermore, through the use of color grading tools and the addition of music and sound, for instance, a blue-tinted movie is associated with a cold atmosphere and the choice of music and sound increases the effect of the shown scenes to the audience. Post-production was named a dying industry by Phil Izzo, the once exclusive service offered by high-end post-production facilities have been eroded away by video editing software that operates on a non-linear editing system. As such, traditional services are being surpassed by digital. In television, the phases of post-production include, editing, video editing, sound editing, animation and visual effects insertions, viewing and it is imperative that post-production executes and oversees the preparation until the final product is completely ready. Professional post-producers usually apply a certain range of image editing operations to the raw image format provided by a photographer or an image-bank, there is a range of proprietary and free and open-source software, running on a range of operating systems available to do this work. The first stage of post-production usually requires loading the RAW images into the post-production software, if there is more than one image, and they belong to a set, ideally post-producers try to equalize the images before loading them. After that, if necessary, the step would be to cut the objects in the images with the Pen Tool for a perfect. The next stage would be cleaning the image using tools such as the tool, clone tool. The next stages depend on what the client ordered, if its a photo-montage, the post-producers would usually start assembling the different images into the final document, and start to integrate the images with the background. In advertising, it usually requires assembling several images together in a photo-composition, types of work usually done, Advertising that requires one background and one or more models. Fashion photography that usually requires a really heavy post-production for editorial and/or advertising, techniques used in music post-production include comping, timing and pitch correction, and adding effects. This process is referred to as mixing and can also involve equalization
4.
Video editing
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The term video editing can refer to, The process of manipulating video images. Once the province of expensive machines called video editors, video editing software is now available for personal computers, video editing includes cutting segments, re-sequencing clips, and adding transitions and other Special Effects. Linear video editing, using tape and is edited in a very linear way. Several video clips from different tapes are recorded to one single tape in the order that they will appear, non-linear editing system, This is edited on computers with specialised software. These are non destructive to the video being edited and use such as Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro. Offline editing is the process in which raw footage is copied from an original source, once the editing has been completely edited, the original media is then re-assembled in the online editing stage. Online editing is the process of reassembling the edit to full resolution video after an offline edit has been performed and is done in the stage of a video production. Vision mixing, when working within live television and video production environments, a vision mixer is used to cut live feed coming from several cameras in real time. Video editing is the process of editing segments of video production footage, special effects. Using video, a director can communicate non-fictional and fictional events, the goals of editing is to manipulate these events to bring the communication closer to the original goal or target. The two pieces of tape to be joined were painted with a solution of fine iron filings suspended in carbon tetrachloride. This developed the magnetic tracks, making them visible when viewed through a microscope so that they could be aligned in a designed for this task. If a scene closer to the beginning of the video tape needed to be changed in length, in addition, sources could be played back simultaneously through a vision mixer to create more complex transitions between scenes. A popular 1970-80s system for doing that was the U-matic equipment and that system used two tape players and one tape recorder, and edits were done by automatically having the machines back up, then speed up together in synchrony, so the edit didnt roll or glitch. Later, 1980-90s came the smaller beta equipment, and more complex controllers, content is ingested and recorded natively with the appropriate codec which will be used by video editing software to manipulate the captured footage. High-definition video is becoming popular and can be readily edited using the same video editing software along with related motion graphics programs. Video clips are arranged on a timeline, music tracks, titles, digital on-screen graphics are added, special effects can be created, and the finished program is rendered into a finished video. The video may then be distributed in a variety of ways including DVD, web streaming, QuickTime Movies, iPod, CD-ROM, like many other technologies, the cost of video editing has declined by an order of magnitude or more
5.
Non-linear editing system
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A pointer-based playlist – effectively an edit decision list – for video or a directed acyclic graph for still images is used to keep track of edits. Each time the edited audio, video, or image is rendered, played back, or accessed, it is reconstructed from the original source, a non-linear editing system is a video or audio editing digital audio workstation system that performs non-destructive editing on source material. The name is in contrast to 20th century methods of video editing. When ingesting audio or video feeds, metadata are attached to the clip and those metadata can be attached automatically or manually. It is now possible to access any frame by entering directly the timecode or the descriptive metadata, an editor can, for example at the end of the day in the Olympic Games, easily retrieve all the clips related to the players who received a gold medal. The non-linear editing method is similar in concept to the cut, however, with the use of non-linear editing systems, the destructive act of cutting of film negatives is eliminated. It can also be viewed as the equivalent of word processing. Video and audio data are first captured to video servers, other hard disk-based systems, the data are either direct to disk recording or are imported from another source. Once imported, the material can be edited on a computer using application software. For a comprehensive list of software, see List of video editing software, whereas Comparison of video editing software gives more detail of features. In non-linear editing, the source files are not lost or modified during editing. This is one of the biggest advantages of non-linear editing compared to linear editing, professional editing software records the editors decisions in an edit decision list that is exportable to other editing tools. Many generations and variations of the source files can exist without storing many different copies. It also makes it easy to change cuts and undo previous decisions simply by editing the edit decision list, generation loss is also controlled, due to not having to repeatedly re-encode the data when different effects are applied. Compared to the method of tape-to-tape editing, non-linear editing offers the flexibility of film editing, with random access. With the edit decision lists, the editor can work on low-resolution copies of the video, the costs of editing systems have dropped such that non-linear editing tools are now within the reach of home users. The non-linear editing retrieves video media for editing, the editor previews material directly on the server and edits directly on the server without transcoding or transfer. Shared storage, the video server transfers feeds to and from shared storage that is accessible by all editors, Media in the appropriate codec on the server need only transferred
6.
Celluloid
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Celluloids are a class of compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, with added dyes and other agents. Generally considered the first thermoplastic, it was first created as Parkesine in 1856 and as Xylonite in 1869, Celluloid is easily molded and shaped, and it was first widely used as an ivory replacement. The main use was in movie and photography industries, which used only celluloid films prior to acetate films that were introduced in the 1950s. Celluloid is highly flammable, difficult and expensive to produce and no longer used, although its most common uses today are in table tennis balls, musical instruments. Collodion, invented in 1848 and used as a wound dressing, Parkes patented his discovery after realising a solid residue remained after evaporation of the solvent from photographic collodion. Parkes patented it as a clothing waterproofer for woven fabrics in the same year, later Parkes showcased Parkesine at the 1862 International Exhibition in London, where he was awarded a bronze medal for his efforts. The introduction of Parkesine is generally regarded as the birth of the plastics industry and he used cloth, ivory dust, and shellac, and on April 6,1869, patented a method of covering billiard balls with the addition of collodion. With assistance from Peter Kinnear and other investors, Hyatt formed the Albany Billiard Ball Company in Albany, New York, in 1870, John and his brother Isaiah patented a process of making a horn-like material with the inclusion of cellulose nitrate and camphor. Isaiah Hyatt dubbed his material celluloid in 1872, english inventor Daniel Spill had worked with Parkes and formed the Xylonite Co. to take over Parkes patents, describing the new plastic products as Xylonite. He took exception to the Hyatts claims and pursued the brothers in a number of cases between 1877 and 1884. The judge ruled all manufacturing of celluloid could continue both in Spills British Xylonite Company and Hyatts Celluloid Manufacturing Company, Hyatt used heat and pressure to simplify the manufacture of these compounds. Over the years, celluloid has become the term used for this type of plastic. English photographer John Carbutt founded the Keystone Dry Plate Works in 1879 with the intention of producing gelatin dry plates, the Celluloid Manufacturing Company was contracted for this work by means of thinly slicing layers out of celluloid blocks and then removing the slice marks with heated pressure plates. After this, the strips were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion. It is not certain exactly how long it took for Carbutt to standardize his process, a 15-inch-wide sheet of Carbutts film was used by William Dickson for the early Edison motion picture experiments on a cylinder drum Kinetograph. However, the film base produced by this means was still considered too stiff for the needs of motion picture photography. By 1889, more flexible celluloids for photographic film were developed and this ability to produce photographic images on a flexible material was a crucial step toward the advent of motion pictures. Most movie and photography films prior to the move to acetate films in the fifties were made of celluloid
7.
Videotape
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Videotape is magnetic tape used for storing video and usually sound in addition. Information stored can be in the form of either a signal or digital signal. Videotape is used in video tape recorders or, more commonly, videocassette recorders and camcorders. Videotapes are also used for storing scientific or medical data, such as the produced by an electrocardiogram. Tape is a method of storing information and thus imposes delays to access a portion of the tape that is not already under the heads. The early 2000s saw the introduction and rise to prominence of high quality video recording media such as hard disks. Since then, videotape has been relegated to archival and similar uses. The electronics division of entertainer Bing Crosbys production company, Bing Crosby Enterprises, overall the picture quality was still considered inferior to the best kinescope recordings on film. Bing Crosby Enterprises hoped to have a version available in 1954. The BBC experimented from 1952 to 1958 with a high-speed linear videotape system called VERA and it used half-inch tape traveling at 200 inches per second. RCA demonstrated the magnetic recording of both black-and-white and color television programs at its Princeton laboratories on December 1,1953. The high-speed longitudinal tape system, called Simplex, in development since 1951, could record, the color system used half-inch tape to record five tracks, one each for red, blue, green, synchronization, and audio. The black-and-white system used quarter-inch tape with two tracks, one for video and one for audio, both systems ran at 360 inches per second. RCA-owned NBC first used it on The Jonathan Winters Show on October 23,1956 when a song sequence by Dorothy Collins in color was included in the otherwise live television program. BCE demonstrated a color system in February 1955 using a longitudinal recording on half-inch tape. CBS, RCAs competitor, was about to order BCE machines when Ampex introduced the superior Quadruplex system, BCE was acquired by 3M Company in 1956. Quad employed a transverse four-head system on a tape. On January 22,1957, the NBC Television game show Truth or Consequences, produced in Hollywood, Ampex introduced a color videotape recorder in 1958 in a cross-licensing agreement with RCA, whose engineers had developed it from an Ampex black-and-white recorder
8.
Timeline
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A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in chronological order, sometimes described as a project artifact. Timelines can use any time scale, depending on the subject, most timelines use a linear scale, where a unit of distance is equal to a set amount of time. This time scale is dependent on the events in the timeline, a timeline of evolution can be over millions of years, whereas a timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks can take place over minutes. While most timelines use a linear timescale, for large or small timespans. Historically, timelines were static images, and generally drawn or printed on paper, timelines relied heavily on graphic design, and the ability of the artist to visualize the data. Timelines, no longer constrained by space and functional limitations, are now digital and interactive. ChronoZoom is an example of computer aided interactive timeline software, timelines are often used in education to help students and researchers with understanding the order or chronology of historical events and trends for a subject. When showing time on a scale on an axis, a timeline can be used to visualize time lapses between events, durations, and the simultaneity or overlap of spans and events. Timelines are particularly useful for studying history, as they convey a sense of change over time, wars and social movements are often shown as timelines. Timelines are also useful for biographies, in these cases, timelines are used to help team members to know what milestones need to be achieved and under what time schedule. For example, in the case of establishing a timeline in the implementation phase of the life cycle of a computer system. British Library interactive timeline Port Royal des Champs museum timeline
9.
Free and open-source software
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Free and open-source software is computer software that can be classified as both free software and open-source software. This is in contrast to proprietary software, where the software is under restrictive copyright, the benefits of using FOSS can include decreasing software costs, increasing security and stability, protecting privacy, and giving users more control over their own hardware. Free, open-source operating systems such as Linux and descendents of BSD are widely utilized today, powering millions of servers, desktops, smartphones, Free software licenses and open-source licenses are used by many software packages. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s to 1980s, it was common for users to have the source code for all programs they used. Software, including source code, was shared by individuals who used computers. Most companies had a model based on hardware sales, and provided or bundled software with hardware. Organizations of users and suppliers were formed to facilitate the exchange of software, see, for example, SHARE, by the late 1960s, the prevailing business model around software was changing. In United States vs. IBM, filed 17 January 1969, while some software might always be free, there would be a growing amount of software that was for sale only. Software development for the GNU operating system began in January 1984, an article outlining the project and its goals was published in March 1985 titled the GNU Manifesto. The manifesto included significant explanation of the GNU philosophy, Free Software Definition, the Linux kernel, started by Linus Torvalds, was released as freely modifiable source code in 1991. Initially, Linux was not released under a free or open-source software license, however, with version 0.12 in February 1992, he relicensed the project under the GNU General Public License. Much like Unix, Torvalds kernel attracted the attention of volunteer programmers, freeBSD and NetBSD were released as free software when the USL v. BSDi lawsuit was settled out of court in 1993. OpenBSD forked from NetBSD in 1995, also in 1995, The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache, was released under the Apache License 1.0. In 1997, Eric Raymond published The Cathedral and the Bazaar and this code is today better known as Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird. Netscapes act prompted Raymond and others to look into how to bring the FSFs free software ideas, the new name they chose was open source, and quickly Bruce Perens, publisher Tim OReilly, Linus Torvalds, and others signed on to the rebranding. The Open Source Initiative was founded in February 1998 to encourage use of the new term, a Microsoft executive publicly stated in 2001 that open source is an intellectual property destroyer. I cant imagine something that could be worse than this for the software business and this view perfectly summarizes the initial response to FOSS by some software corporations. IBM, Oracle, Google and State Farm are just a few of the companies with a serious public stake in todays competitive open-source market, there has been a significant shift in the corporate philosophy concerning the development of free and open-source software
10.
Avidemux
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Avidemux is a free and open-source video editing program designed for video editing and video processing. It is written in C++, and uses either GTK+ or Qt for its user interface, Avidemux is capable of non-linear video editing, applying visual effects to video, and transcoding video into various formats. Some of the filters were ported from MPlayer and Avisynth, Avidemux can also insert audio streams into a video file or extract audio streams from video files. Avidemux supports many formats, such as AVI, MP4, Matroska, MPEG-2, H.264 and it does not yet, or only partially supports modern open formats, like Opus, WebM, VP8, VP9 and AV1. An integral and important part of the design of the program is its project system, whole projects with all options, configurations, selections, and preferences can be saved into a project file. Like VirtualDubs VCF scripting capabilities, Avidemux has advanced scripting available for it both in its GUI and command line modes and it also supports a non-project system just like VirtualDub, where users can simply create all of their configurations and save the video directly without making a project file. A project queue system is also available, Avidemux has built-in subtitle processing, both for optical character recognition of DVD subtitles and for rendering hard subtitles. Avidemux supports various formats, including MicroDVD, SubStation Alpha, Advanced SubStation Alpha. While it is primarily a GUI program, Avidemux can also be run from the command line, Avidemux was written from scratch, but additional code from FFmpeg, MPlayer, Transcode and Avisynth has been used on occasion as well. Nonetheless it is a standalone program that does not require any other programs to read, decode. The built-in libavcodec library from the FFmpeg project is used for decoding and encoding of various audio, the primary Avidemux programmer uses the nickname Mean on the Avidemux forum. The Avidemux project is open to input and many suggestions from its users have already been implemented as fully written features. Multithreading has been implemented in the areas of Avidemux, Encoding MPEG-1. A Win32 version of this program is available for Microsoft Windows users, as well as Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD ports. Starting with version 2.4, Avidemux offers a command-line interface, with version 2.6 the GTK+ version is unmaintained. Avidemux supports the file formats, List of video editing software Comparison of video editing software Comparison of video converters Rankin. OReilly Media, Inc. pp. 189–190, 221–222, beginning Digital Image Processing, Using Free Tools for Photographers
11.
Blender (software)
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It further features an integrated game engine. The Dutch animation studio Neo Geo developed Blender as an application in January 1995. The name Blender was inspired by a song by Yello, from the album Baby, on July 18,2002, Roosendaal started the Free Blender campaign, a crowdfunding precursor. The campaign aimed for open-sourcing Blender for a payment of €100,000 collected from the community. On September 7,2002, it was announced that they had collected enough funds, today, Blender is free, open-source software that is—apart from the Blender Institutes two full-time and two part-time employees—developed by the community. However, they never exercised this option and suspended it indefinitely in 2005, Blender is solely available under GNU GPLv2 or any later and was not updated to the GPLv3, as no evident benefits were seen. The following program developed in each version, In January–February 2002 it was clear that NaN could not survive, nevertheless, they put out one more release,2.25. As a sort-of easter egg, a last personal tag, the artists and it was created by Willem-Paul van Overbruggen, who named it Suzanne after the orangutan in the Kevin Smith film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back. Suzanne is Blenders alternative to more common test models such as the Utah Teapot and the Stanford Bunny. A low-polygon model with only 500 faces, Suzanne is often used as a quick and easy way to test material, animation, rigs, texture, Suzanne is still included in Blender. The largest Blender contest gives out an award called the Suzanne Award, due to Blenders open source nature, other programs have tried to take advantage of its success by repackaging and selling cosmetically-modified versions of it. Examples include IllusionMage, 3DMofun, 3DMagix, and Fluid Designer, official releases of Blender for Microsoft Windows, MacOS and Linux, as well as a port for FreeBSD, are available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Though it is distributed without extensive example scenes found in some other programs. Internal render engine with scanline rendering, indirect lighting, and ambient occlusion that can export in a variety of formats. A pathtracer render engine called Cycles, which can take advantage of the GPU for rendering, Cycles supports the Open Shading Language since Blender 2.65. Integration with a number of external render engines through plugins, keyframed animation tools including inverse kinematics, armature, hook, curve and lattice-based deformations, shape animations, non-linear animation, constraints, and vertex weighting. Simulation tools for soft body dynamics including mesh collision detection, LBM fluid dynamics, smoke simulation, Bullet rigid body dynamics, a particle system that includes support for particle-based hair. Python scripting for tool creation and prototyping, game logic, importing/exporting from other formats, task automation, the Blender Game Engine, a sub-project, offers interactivity features such as collision detection, dynamics engine, and programmable logic
12.
Cinelerra
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Cinelerra is a video editing and compositing software package. It is designed for the Linux operating system and it is produced by Heroine Virtual, and is free software distributed under the GNU General Public License. Cinelerra also includes a compositing engine, allowing the user to perform advanced compositing operations such as keying. Cinelerra was first released August 1,2002, and was based in part on Broadcast 2000, Cinelerra became the first 64-Bit media production application when it was re-written to conform to the AMD Opteron in June 2003 and was presented at SIGGRAPH2004 in San Diego. This version was released by Adam Williams of Heroine Warrior. It is resolution and frame rate-independent, meaning that it can support video of any speed, cinelerras interface is similar to that of other Non-linear editing systems, such as Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro, and Avid Media Composer. However, because it includes an engine, it may also be likened to compositing software such as Adobe After Effects. The user is presented with four screens, The timeline, which gives the user a view of all video and audio tracks in the project. The compositor is interactive in that it allows the user to adjust the positions of video objects, Cinelerra uses its own widget toolkit, not conforming to the human interface guidelines of major Linux desktops such as GNOME and KDE. Cinelerra has gained ground among some Linux enthusiasts looking for a video editing system. Professional use is promoted by Linux Media Arts, which sells an integrated hardware and software package for video production that includes Cinelerra. The project is following commercial interests, aiming at offering professional support to its users and its organized to merge all existing Cinelerra projects while also providing additional fixes and enhancements. Since early 2015, Cinelerra has had an open Git repository on Google Code for analysis, the goal of Cinelerra. Org remains to develop a more professional value to the product as of 2016. One of the developers of Cinelerra 5.0 left Cinelerra. Org in 2016, with the appearance of Cinelerra. Org in February 2014 it was unclear if Adam Williams was continuing to work on Cinelerra through Heroine Virtual or if development would continue in Cinelerra. Org. Due to no communication by Williams, this was only resolved months later, to distinguish between all different variants of the software, the releases made by Heroine Virtual are also called Cinelerra-HV. Heroine Virtual generates a new release of Cinelerra semi-annually, available as source code only, Cinelerra-CV allows the community to contribute to an open repository where changes to the code are accessible to everyone. Mailing lists and an IRC channel exist where more experienced users and developers can provide support to less experienced users, Cinelerra-CV is also packaged for a wider range of distributions. It also has a different compilation system, system libraries are used extensively, although Cinelerra-CV may technically be called a fork, the relationship between Heroine Virtual and Cinelerra-CV is rather friendly
13.
Kdenlive
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Kdenlive /ˌkeɪdɛnˈlaɪv/ is an open-source video editing software based on the MLT Framework and KDE. The project was started by Jason Wood in 2002, and is now maintained by a team of developers. With the release of Kdenlive 15.04.0 it became part of the official KDE project, kDEs Kdenlive makes use of MLT, Frei0r effects, SoX and LADSPA libraries. Kdenlive supports all of the supported by FFmpeg or libav. Video can also be exported to DV devices, or written to a DVD with chapters, Kdenlive has multi-track editing with a timeline and supports an unlimited number of video and audio tracks. Tools to create, move, crop and delete video clips, audio clips, text clips, configurable keyboard shortcuts and interface layouts. A wide range of effects and transitions, audio effects include normalization, phase and pitch shifting, limiting, volume adjustment, reverb and equalization filters as well as others. Video effects include options for masking, blue-screen, distortions, rotations, colour tools, blurring, obscuring, ability to add custom effects and transitions. Rendering is done using a separate non-blocking process so it can be stopped, paused and restarted, the project was initially started by Jason Wood in 2002. The development of Kdenlive moved on from the K Desktop Environment 3 version to KDE Platform 4 and this was completed with Kdenlive 0.7, released on November 12,2008. Kdenlive 0.9.10 released on October 1,2014 was the last KDE4 release, Kdenlive started to plan a move into the KDE project and its infrastructure in 2014. Port to KDE Frameworks 5 was finished with the release of 2015.04.0 as part of KDE Applications 5, the move to KDE is ongoing. List of video editing software Comparison of video editing software Official website
14.
Kino (software)
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Kino was a free software GTK+-based video editing software application for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. The development of Kino was started at the end of 2000 by Dan Dennedy, the projects aim was, Easy and reliable DV editing for the Linux desktop with export to many usable formats. The program supported many basic and detailed audio/video editing and assembling tasks, Kino has been included in several Linux distributions, including Debian, Puppy Linux and Ubuntu. Development towards major feature implementations in Kino was slowed due to the lead developer, Dennedy indicated when he released Kino 1 that he was returning to work on the MLT Framework to support Kdenlive, since its latest version shows much promise. As of August 5,2013, the website for Kino indicated that the project is dead. Kino can import raw DV-AVI and DV files, as well as footage from digital camcorders using the raw1394 and dv1394 libraries. It can also import multiple still frames as JPEG, PNG, TIFF, PPM, Kino has the ability to export to camcorders using the ieee1394 or video1394 libraries. Kino can also export audio as WAV, Ogg Vorbis, MP3 using LAME, using FFmpeg, Kino can export audio/video as MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 and is integrated with DVD Video authoring utilities. Some features included in version 1.3, Kino provides a range of audio and video effects and transitions. Audio effects include silence, fade in/out, gain envelope, dub, mix, Video effects include black/white, sepia tone, multiple color balance and masking tools, reverse, mirror, kaleidescope, swap, fade to/from black, blur, soft focus, titler and pixelate. Transitions include fade to/from color dissolve, push wipe, barn door wipe, color differences, in reviewing Kino 1.3.4 in January 2012 Terry Hancock of Free Software Magazine found that the application was only suitable for simple or very limited video editing tasks. He concluded, Id say it was basically up to editing home movies to get rid of the boring parts, ive also found it useful for mining old public-domain videos from the Internet Archive to extract useful snippets of video. This, plus its ease of use, make it a niche application
15.
LiVES
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LiVES /ˈlaɪvz/ is a free video editing software and VJ tool, released under the GNU General Public License version 3 or later. There are binary versions available for most popular Linux distributions, there are also ports for BSD, and it will run under Solaris and IRIX. It has been compiled under OS X Leopard, but not thoroughly tested on that platform The main developer of LiVES is Gabriel Finch, the project began in late 2002, and the 1.0.0 version was released in July 2009. On the Freecode site, LiVES is listed as the most popular video editing software. LiVES was nominated for the category of Best Project for Multimedia in the Sourceforge Community Choice Awards 2009, the LiVES application allows the user to manipulate video in realtime and in non-realtime. It is resolution and frame rate independent, LiVES uses a system of plugins for effects, decoders, encoders and video playback. The APIs for these are now defined, and the application can be easily extended. LiVES has two main interfaces, the editor, which serves as a repository of video and audio material, and the multitrack window. The clip editor allows free playback at variable rates, applying of multiple realtime effects. This mode is used by VJs. Video editors can use this interface to prepare the clips before entering into multitrack mode. In multitrack mode, the clips can be arranged in layers on the timeline. Further effects and transitions can be applied here, and the audio can be mixed down, the entire timeline can then be rendered, creating a new clip. Rendering previews are shown in real time, LiVES features include, Loading and editing of almost any video format. Some formats can be opened instantly using decoder plugins, smooth playback at variable frame rates, forward and in reverse. Display framerate can be controlled independently of playback framerate, frame accurate cutting and pasting within and between clips. Saving/re-encoding of clips, selections, and individual frames, can handle in/out streams in LiVES to LiVES or yuv4mpeg format. Streams can be piped from stdout into other applications, Support for live firewire and TV card inputs
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Natron (software)
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Natron is a free and open-source node-based compositing software. It has been influenced by digital compositing software such as Nuke, from which its user interface, Natron supports plugins following the OpenFX1.4 API. Most open-source and commercial OpenFX plug-ins are supported, Natron is named after Lake Natron in Tanzania which, according to Natron lead programmer Alexandre Gauthier provides natural visual effects by preserving its dead animals. Natron was started by Alexandre Gauthier in June 2012 as a personal project, the project was the winner of the 2013 Boost Your Code contest by Inria. The prize was a 12-month employment contract to develop Natron as a free, the first widely available public release was 0.92, which brought rotoscoping and chroma keying functionalities. Subsequent beta releases brought additional features such as blur, color management through OpenColorIO. Version 1.0 was released on 22.12, before version 2.0, Natron was licensed under the Mozilla Public License version 2.0, which allowed redistributing it with closed-source plug-ins. Since version 2.0, the software was relicensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 or later to allow better commercialization, all plugins that are distributed with binaries of Natron 2.0 or later have thus to be compatible with the GPLv2. Data produced by Natron, or any software distributed under the GPL, is not covered by the GPL, support for multi-core architectures, all processing is multithreaded using a thread pool pattern. Color management is handled by the OpenColorIO library, including support for the ACES color encoding system proposed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts, support for stereoscopic 3D and multi-view processing. Support for many formats, using OpenImageIO, including multi-layer OpenEXR. Additional image layers can be used to store several color layers, or for information such as depth, optical flow, binocular disparity. Support for reading and writing video files through the FFmpeg library, including digital intermediate formats such as DNxHD, full support of the OpenFX1.3 API, enabling use of open source or commercial plug-ins. Low hardware requirements, a 64 bits or 32 bits processor, at least 2 GiB of RAM, support for low-resolution rendering for previewing the output of computing-intensive visual effects. Support for batch-mode rendering through a command-line tool, allowing the final render to be processed on a render farm, manual rotoscoping, using Bézier curves Key frame-based parameter animation, using Bernstein polynomials for interpolation. A project format written in XML and easily human editable, node presets can be imported/exported easily via XML. A wide range of effects are available. Version 2 of Natron adds several features, Python scripting
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OpenShot
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OpenShot Video Editor is a free and open-source video editor for FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, and Windows. The project was started in August 2008 by Jonathan Thomas, with the objective of providing a stable, free, since version 2.0, OpenShot is written in C++, uses the Qt toolkit, and offers a Python API. OpenShot supports commonly used codecs that are supported by FFmpeg like WebM, AVCHD, HEVC, the program can render MPEG4, ogv, Blu-ray and DVD video, and Full HD videos for uploading to internet video websites. Around 2013 OpenShot has been criticized as being unreliable, developers responded by saying that the instability of OpenShot comes from the instability of libraries it relies on, specifically the MLT library and GTK Timeline. The OpenShot 2 series uses its own library for video processing, removing the requirement for the unstable libraries, developers state that this will make the newly released version of the software more stable. A review by Bryan Lunduke on March 31,2017 on Network World noted Openshot 2.3 for its new transformation tool, Lunduke also positively mentioned the Linux distribution-agnostic packaging under usage of AppImage. Comparison of video editing software List of video editing software Official website Ubuntu 10.10 need of stable Video Editor, Kdenlive, OpenShot, PiTiVi, Kino comparison A simple tutorial on YouTube
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Pitivi
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Pitivi is an open source, non-linear video editor for Linux developed by various contributors, with support also available from Collabora. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, Pitivi is designed to be intuitive video editing software that integrates well in the GNOME desktop environment. Edward Hervey started working on PiTiVi in December 2003 as a project at the EPITECH engineering school in Paris. Initially written in C, the PiTiVi codebase was first checked into version control in May 2004 and was rewritten in Python a year later, in the past there have been several video editors available for Linux, but, they were considered difficult to use. Ubuntu Community Manager Jono Bacon stated Back in 2006, the video editing situation was looking far more exciting, Michael Dominik was working on the hugely exciting Diva project and Edward Hervey was working on PiTiVi. Both combined exciting technologies, being built on the foundations of GTK, GNOME, GStreamer. Diva was developed using Mono, and PiTiVi using Python, with the video buzz in the air, Michael and Edward both demoed their projects at the Villanova GUADEC to rapturous applause. In April 2010, with the launch of Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx, in May 2011, it was announced that Pitivi would be no longer part of the Ubuntu ISO, starting with Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelots release in October 2011. The reasons given for removing it included poor user reception, lack of fit with the default user-case for Ubuntu, lack of polish, PiTiVi will not be replaced on the ISO with another video editor and will remain available to users for installation from the Ubuntu repositories. Edward Hervey announced the availability of GStreamer Editing Services at the end of 2009, the first version using GES was 0.91 “Charming Defects”, released in October 2013. Due to the new engine, a lot of old code could be removed, with the release of 0.91, PiTiVi was renamed Pitivi, without the T and V capitalized. In February 2014 the project announced that it was seeking €100,000 for further development, the money was to be allocated, as follows, Phase 1 - €35000 to improve stability for a version 1.0 release. Phase 2 - Improving features, €1925 for adding a magnetic time-line, €4400 for interfaces for multi-camera editing, the fundraising was conducted through the GNOME Foundation. The fundraiser did not meet its targeted amount, reaching slightly above €23000 as of 2015, Pitivi inherits its capabilities for importing and exporting media from the GStreamer framework, or plugins for the GStreamer framework. Pitivi supports simple media editing capabilities such as trimming, snapping, splitting and cutting of clips, audio mixing is supported by curves, visualised as line segments drawn over an audio waveform. Pitivi has the ability to step through a piece of media using scrubbers or keyboard shortcuts, audio and video clips can be linked together, and treated as a single clip. Initial support for video mixing has been added in late 2009 but is still under heavy work, a more exhaustive list of features can be found on the Pitivi website. Another talk, focused on the economics of open source video editors, was given by Jean-François at Libre Graphics Meeting 2011, the Pitivi project also has a user manual that covers the usage of the application
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VideoLAN
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VideoLAN is a project that develops software for playing video and other media formats across a local area network. The current President of the VideoLAN non-profit organization who maintains the website is Jean-Baptiste Kempf. VLC is a multimedia player, encoder, and streamer supporting many audio and video codecs and file formats as well as DVDs, VCDs. It is able to stream over networks and to transcode multimedia files, VLMC is a cross-platform, non-linear, video editing software application based on the VLC Media Player. The software is still in early development, the latest version is 0.2.0, released under the GPLv2 license. The VLS project was intended to be used as a server for streaming videos. But now, it has merged with the VLC project. A new project has developed, called VLMa. VLMa is an application to manage broadcasts of TV channels, received through digital terrestrial or satellite ways and its interface is provided as a web-site written in Java. It is also capable of streaming audio and video files, VLMa consists of a daemon and a web interface. VLMa is released under the GNU General Public License like VLC media player, the VLC Skin Editor is a simple program developed by VideoLAN. The simple interface allows users to create new skins for the VLC media player without knowledge of the VLC Skins2 XML System, the program lets users change features on the main window, playlist window, and equalizer window. The current version is 2.0.8 and can be downloaded on the videolan. org website, in May 2008, Neuros Technology and Texas Instruments began work on a port of VideoLAN to their next generation open set-top box. VideoLAN doesnt have the money to sue the many companies abusing their trademarks, google Videos — used VideoLAN technology in its media player web browser plugin. Comparison of audio player software Comparison of video player software Official website
