1.
Backwell
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Backwell is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It falls within the Unitary Authority of North Somerset and has a population of 4,589 and it is 7 miles south west of Bristol, on the A370 to Weston-super-Mare. It includes the hamlets of Backwell Common, Backwell Green and Backwell Farleigh, nearby are Nailsea, Flax Bourton, Yatton, Brockley and Barrow Gurney. Backwell Hillfort between Flax Bourton and Backwell is an iron age hill fort, the village has a long history, appearing in the Domesday Book in 1086 with the name Bacoile meaning The well back on the hill. The parish was part of the hundred of Hartcliffe, the lords of the manor from the 12th to 17th centuries were the Rodneys. Walter de Rodney was given the manor for his support of the Empress Matilda against King Stephen, the parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. Conservation matters and environmental issues are also of interest to the council, the parish falls within the unitary authority of North Somerset which was created in 1996, as established by the Local Government Act 1992. North Somerset Council provides a single tier of government with responsibility for almost all local government functions within its area. Fire, police and ambulance services are provided jointly with other authorities through the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, Avon and Somerset Constabulary, North Somersets area covers the northernmost part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters is in the hall in Weston-super-Mare. Between 1 April 1974 and 1 April 1996, it was in the Woodspring district of the county of Avon, before 1974 that the parish was part of the Long Ashton Rural District. An electoral ward in the name exists. The ward stretches from Brockley, through Backwell to Barrow Gurney in the east and is represented by Karen Barclay of the Conservative Party. The village is part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament which elects seven MEPs using the dHondt method of party-list proportional representation. Backwell lake, which is known as Bucklands Pool, is next to the road between Nailsea and Backwell at Bucklands Batch. The lake was built as a pond in the mid-1970s It has now become a wildlife haven for birds, bats and dragonflies. Bird species include gadwall, shoveler, pochard, tufted duck, grey heron, stancombe Quarry was first built in 1952. Today, the quarry which is operated by Tarmac, produces Carboniferous Limestone, the site has an expected output of 28 million tonnes over a 25-year period
2.
Biddenden
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Biddenden is a large, mostly agricultural and wooded village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village lies on the Weald of Kent, some 5 miles north of Tenterden and it was a centre for the Wealden iron industry and also of clothmaking. All Saints Biddenden is the church, built mostly in the 13th century. There was likely an earlier Saxon church here, during the half-century reign of Edward III, Flemish clothworkers were settled in the area. The ready availability of raw materials led to the establishment of a textile industry for the production of broadcloth. Wealth from this industry built many of the houses in town. An important cottage industry has developed to the west, where vineyards and orchards produce varietal wines, ciders. Biddenden is also the name of Biddendens Cider. Biddendens Cider is made by Biddenden Vineyards Ltd. whose premises are close to the village centre. The place name of Biddenden is derived from the Kentish dialect of Old English and it is associated with a man called Bida, was originally Biddingden Bida + ing + denn, eventually evolving into the current spelling. In 1100, Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, a pair of conjoined twins, were born in the village. The origin of the charity of Biddenden is celebrated in the village signage of the Biddenden Maids. The Biddenden Consolidated Charity provides Biddenden pensioners and widows with bread, cheese, and tea at Easter, a payment at Christmas. At the 2001 UK census, the Biddenden electoral ward had a population of 2,434, the ethnicity was 98. 7% white,0. 4% mixed race,0. 3% Asian,0. 5% black and 0. 1% other. The place of birth of residents was 94. 2% United Kingdom,0. 4% Republic of Ireland,1. 6% other Western European countries, and 3. 8% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 78. 6% Christian,0. 3% Buddhist,0. 2% Hindu, 0% Sikh, 0% Jewish,12. 7% were recorded as having no religion,0. 3% had an alternative religion and 7. 9% did not state their religion. Compared with national figures, the ward had a high proportion of workers in agriculture. There were a low proportion in manufacturing, transport and communications
3.
Old Hunstanton
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Old Hunstanton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of 5.35 km2 and had a population of 47 in 25 households at the 2001 census, the population had risen to 628 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of government, it falls within the district of North Norfolk. This small settlement adjoins to the north of the resort of Hunstanton or New Hunstanton. King Edmund supposedly built the village, the River Hun runs to the coast just to the east of old Hunstanton. The parish church of St Mary, situated in the grounds of Hunstanton Hall, is a Grade I listed building. It was built by Sir Hamon le Strange in about 1300 and extensively rebuilt and restored during the 19th century by architect Frederick Preedy for Henry Le Strange, developer of New Hunstanton. St Marys churchyard contains the graves of an officer and a soldier. The clash occurred on the night of 25 September 1784, also claiming the life of another officer named Rennett. However, although the perpetrators were tried at Thetford the following year it proved impossible to secure any convictions. At Old Hunstanton is a RNLI Lifeboat station with a B class boat, in December 2011 a large whale washed ashore on the beach. At low tide there is a small Lagoon named after a local kitersurfer born, Old Postcards of Hunstanton Hunstanton Hall entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses Old Hunstanton Website
4.
Village green
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A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Traditionally, a village green was often common grassland at the centre of an agricultural or other rural settlement, some also have a pond, often originally for watering stock such as cattle. The village green also provided, and may provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people. The term village green evokes a grassy rural environment, however the term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, and even—in part—buildings and roads. The green may also be positioned away from the centre of the village, especially if the village has moved, some historical village greens have been lost as a result of the agricultural revolution and urban development. Greens are now most likely to be found in the villages of mainland Europe, the United Kingdom. The Open Spaces Society is a present-day UK national campaigning body which continues this movement, the term can also apply to urban parks. In the United States, the most famous example of a town green is probably the New Haven Green in New Haven, New Haven was founded by settlers from England and was the first planned city in the United States. Originally used for grazing livestock, the Green dates from the 1630s and is preserved today despite lying at the heart of the city centre. The largest green in the U. S. is a mile in length, one of the most unusual is the Dartmouth Green in Hanover, New Hampshire, which was owned and cleared by the college in 1770. The college, not the town, still owns it and surrounded it with buildings as a sort of collegiate quadrangle in the 1930s, a fine example of a traditional American town green exists in downtown Morristown, NJ. The Morristown Green dates from 1715 and has hosted events ranging from executions to clothing drives, apart from the general use of the term, village green has a specific legal meaning in England and Wales, and also includes the less common term town green. Registered greens are now governed by the Commons Act 2006, but the fundamental test of whether land is a town, thus land can become a village green if it has been used for twenty years without force, secrecy or request. Village green legislation is used to try to frustrate development. This leads to some most curious areas being claimed as village greens, recent examples include a bandstand, two lakes and a beach. The Open Spaces Society states that in 2005 there were about 3,650 registered greens in England covering 8,150 acres and about 220 in Wales covering about 620 acres. A notable example of a village green is that in the village of Finchingfield in Essex, England, the green dominates the village, and slopes down to a duck pond, and is occasionally flooded after heavy rain. The small village of Car Colston in Nottinghamshire, England, has two greens, totaling 29 acres
5.
Wood
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Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees, and other woody plants. It is a material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers which are strong in tension embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, in a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots, Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber. In 2005, the stock of forests worldwide was about 434 billion cubic meters. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy, in 1991 approximately 3.5 billion cubic meters of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction, a 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick discovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created. People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks. Constructions using wood date back ten thousand years, buildings like the European Neolithic long house were made primarily of wood. Recent use of wood has changed by the addition of steel. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the climate at that time. This process is known as growth, it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem. These cells then go on to form thickened secondary cell walls, composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, if the distinctiveness between seasons is annual, these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is little seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent, if the bark of the tree has been removed in a particular area, the rings will likely be deformed as the plant overgrows the scar. It is usually lighter in color than that near the portion of the ring. The outer portion formed later in the season is known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are differences, depending on the kind of wood
6.
Norfolk
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Norfolk /ˈnɔːrfək/ is a county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the west and north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and, to the north-west, The Wash. With an area of 2,074 square miles and a population of 859,400, of the countys population, 40% live in four major built up areas, Norwich, Great Yarmouth, Kings Lynn and Thetford. The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county, the area is not a National Park although it is marketed as such. It has similar status to a park, and is protected by the Broads Authority. Norfolk was settled in times, with camps along the higher land in the west. A Brythonic tribe, the Iceni, inhabited the county from the 1st century BC to the end of the 1st century AD, the Iceni revolted against the Roman invasion in AD47, and again in 60 led by Boudica. The crushing of the second opened the county to the Romans. During the Roman era roads and ports were constructed throughout the county, situated on the east coast, Norfolk was vulnerable to invasions from Scandinavia and Northern Europe, and forts were built to defend against the Angles and Saxons. Norfolk, Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia, the influence of the Early English settlers can be seen in the many place names ending in -ton and -ham. Endings such as -by and -thorpe are also common, indicating Danish place names, in the 9th century the region came under attack. In the centuries before the Norman Conquest the wetlands of the east of the county began to be converted to farmland, and settlements grew in these areas. Migration into East Anglia must have high, by the time of the Domesday Book survey it was one of the most densely populated parts of the British Isles. During the high and late Middle Ages the county developed arable agriculture, the economy was in decline by the time of the Black Death, which dramatically reduced the population in 1349. During the English Civil War Norfolk was largely Parliamentarian, the economy and agriculture of the region declined somewhat. During the Industrial Revolution Norfolk developed little industry except in Norwich which was an addition to the railway network. In the 20th century the county developed a role in aviation, during the Second World War agriculture rapidly intensified, and it has remained very intensive since, with the establishment of large fields for growing cereals and oilseed rape. Norfolks low-lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to the sea, the low-lying section of coast between Kelling and Lowestoft Ness in Suffolk is currently managed by the Environment Agency to protect the Broads from sea flooding
7.
Edward VII
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Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, before his accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. During the long reign of his mother, he was excluded from political power. He travelled throughout Britain performing ceremonial duties, and represented Britain on visits abroad. His tours of North America in 1860 and the Indian subcontinent in 1875 were popular successes, as king, Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet and the reorganisation of the British Army after the Second Boer War. He reinstituted traditional ceremonies as public displays and broadened the range of people with whom royalty socialised and he died in 1910 in the midst of a constitutional crisis that was resolved the following year by the Parliament Act 1911, which restricted the power of the unelected House of Lords. Edward was born at 10,48 in the morning on 9 November 1841 in Buckingham Palace and he was the eldest son and second child of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was christened Albert Edward at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle and he was named Albert after his father and Edward after his maternal grandfather Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn. He was known as Bertie to the family throughout his life. As the eldest son of the British sovereign, he was automatically Duke of Cornwall, as a son of Prince Albert, he also held the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony. He was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 8 December 1841, Earl of Dublin on 17 January 1850, a Knight of the Garter on 9 November 1858, and a Knight of the Thistle on 24 May 1867. In 1863, he renounced his rights to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in favour of his younger brother. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were determined that their eldest son should have an education that would prepare him to be a constitutional monarch. At age seven, Edward embarked on an educational programme devised by Prince Albert. Unlike his elder sister Victoria, Edward did not excel in his studies and he tried to meet the expectations of his parents, but to no avail. Although Edward was not a diligent student—his true talents were those of charm, sociability and tact—Benjamin Disraeli described him as informed, intelligent, after the completion of his secondary-level studies, his tutor was replaced by a personal governor, Robert Bruce. After an educational trip to Rome, undertaken in the first few months of 1859, he spent the summer of that year studying at the University of Edinburgh under, among others, in October, he matriculated as an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford. Now released from the strictures imposed by his parents, he enjoyed studying for the first time
8.
Sandringham Estate
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Sandringham House is a country house on 20,000 acres of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England. The house is owned by Queen Elizabeth II and is located on the royal Sandringham Estate. The landscaped gardens, park and woodlands surrounding the house are listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks, the site has been occupied since the Elizabethan era, and, in 1771, architect Cornish Henley cleared the site to build Sandringham Hall. The hall was modified during the 19th century by Charles Spencer Cowper, a stepson of Lord Palmerston, who added an elaborate porch and conservatory, designed by architect Samuel Sanders Teulon. However, in 1865, two years after moving in, the found the halls size insufficient for his needs. The resulting red-brick house was completed in late 1870 in a mix of styles and this section incorporated the galleried entrance hall which is used by the royal family for entertaining and family occasions. A new wing was added to one end of the house in a more traditional style. The building was ahead of its time in amenities, with gas lighting, flushing water closets, one part of the house was destroyed in a fire during preparations for the Prince of Waless 50th birthday in 1891, and later rebuilt. Sandringham House has been the home of four generations of the British Royal Family. The main features of the new building were bay windows, which helped lighten the interior, despite the size of Sandringham and the spaciousness of the main rooms, the living quarters were relatively small. Edward and Alexandras sons, Prince Albert Victor and Prince George, the spacious grounds, however, provided room for Queen Alexandras menagerie of horses, dogs, cats, and other animals. The kennels were a delight to the children. Since the death of Edward VII, Sandringham has been a holiday retreat for successive members of the Royal Family. It is an excellent location for shooting and is used for shooting parties. Such was King George Vs fondness for hunting on the estate and this tradition of Sandringham Time was kept on the estate from 1901 until 1936 when the new King Edward VIII showed he was a new broom by sweeping the custom away. Along with Balmoral Castle, Sandringham House is the property of the British royal family. Their succession became an issue in 1936, when Edward VIII abdicated as king, being legacies Edward had inherited from his father, George V, the estates did not automatically pass to his younger brother, George VI, the new king had to purchase the house from him. Queen Alexandra occupied the house of Sandringham after the death of Edward VII in 1910
9.
George VI
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George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth, known as Albert until his accession, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria, and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his life in the shadow of his elder brother. He attended naval college as a teenager, and served in the Royal Navy, in 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923 and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, in the mid-1920s, he had speech therapy for a stammer, which he never fully overcame. Georges elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936, however, later that year Edward revealed his desire to marry divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religious reasons he could not marry a divorced woman, Edward abdicated in order to marry, and George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor. During Georges reign, the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated, the parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the countrys constitution on the day of his accession. The following year, a new Irish constitution changed the name of the state to Ireland, from 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth – except Ireland – was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively, though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained king of countries, but relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by problems in the later years of his reign. He was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Elizabeth II, George was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. His father was Prince George, Duke of York, the second and eldest-surviving son of the Prince and his mother was the Duchess of York, the eldest child and only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck. His birthday was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Albert, uncertain of how the Prince Consorts widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been rather distressed. Two days later, he again, I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her. Consequently, he was baptised Albert Frederick Arthur George at St. Mary Magdalenes Church near Sandringham three months later, within the family, he was known informally as Bertie
10.
Royal Academy of Arts
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The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. The Royal Academy of Arts was founded through an act of King George III on 10 December 1768 with a mission to promote the arts of design in Britain through education and exhibition. Supporters wanted to foster a national school of art and to encourage appreciation, fashionable taste in 18th-century Britain was based on continental and traditional art forms, providing contemporary British artists little opportunity to sell their works. From 1746 the Foundling Hospital, through the efforts of William Hogarth, the success of this venture led to the formation of the Society of Artists of Great Britain and the Free Society of Artists. Both these groups were primarily exhibiting societies, their success was marred by internal factions among the artists. The combined vision of education and exhibition to establish a school of art set the Royal Academy apart from the other exhibiting societies. It provided the foundation upon which the Royal Academy came to dominate the art scene of the 18th and 19th centuries, supplanting the earlier art societies. Sir William Chambers, a prominent architect, used his connections with George III to gain royal patronage and financial support of the Academy, the painter Joshua Reynolds was made its first president. Francis Milner Newton was elected the first secretary, a post he held for two decades until his resignation in 1788, the instrument of foundation, signed by George III on 10 December 1768, named 34 founder members and allowed for a total membership of 40. William Hoare and Johann Zoffany were added to this list later by the King and are known as nominated members, among the founder members were two women, a father and daughter, and two sets of brothers. The Royal Academy was initially housed in cramped quarters in Pall Mall, although in 1771 it was given temporary accommodation for its library and schools in Old Somerset House, then a royal palace. In 1780 it was installed in purpose-built apartments in the first completed wing of New Somerset House, located in the Strand and designed by Chambers, the Academy moved in 1837 to Trafalgar Square, where it occupied the east wing of the recently completed National Gallery. These premises soon proved too small to house both institutions, in 1868,100 years after the Academys foundation, it moved to Burlington House, Piccadilly, where it remains. Burlington House is owned by the British Government, and used rent-free by the Royal Academy, the first Royal Academy exhibition of contemporary art, open to all artists, opened on 25 April 1769 and ran until 27 May 1769. 136 works of art were shown and this exhibition, now known as the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, has been staged annually without interruption to the present day. In 1870 the Academy expanded its programme to include a temporary annual loan exhibition of Old Masters. The range and frequency of these exhibitions have grown enormously since that time. Britains first public lectures on art were staged by the Royal Academy, led by Reynolds, the first president, a program included lectures by Dr. William Hunter, John Flaxman, James Barry, Sir John Soane, and J. M. W. Turner
11.
Daily Mail
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The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London. Its sister paper The Mail on Sunday was launched in 1982, Scottish and Irish editions of the daily paper were launched in 1947 and 2006 respectively. A survey in 2014 found the age of its reader was 58. It had a daily circulation of 1,510,824 copies in November 2016. Its website has more than 100 million unique visitors per month, the Daily Mail has been accused of racism, and printing sensationalist and inaccurate scare stories of science and medical research. The Mail was originally a broadsheet but switched to a format on 3 May 1971. On this date it absorbed the Daily Sketch, which had been published as a tabloid by the same company. The publisher of the Mail, the Daily Mail and General Trust, is currently a FTSE250 company, the paper has a circulation of around two million, which is the fourth largest circulation of any English-language daily newspaper in the world. Circulation figures according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations in March 2014 show gross daily sales of 1,708,006 for the Daily Mail. According to a December 2004 survey, 53% of Daily Mail readers voted for the Conservative Party, compared to 21% for Labour, the main concern of Viscount Rothermere, the current chairman and main shareholder, is that the circulation be maintained. The Mail has been edited by Paul Dacre since 1992, the Daily Mail, devised by Alfred Harmsworth and his brother Harold, was first published on 4 May 1896. It cost a halfpenny at a time when other London dailies cost one penny, and was more populist in tone and more concise in its coverage than its rivals. The planned issue was 100,000 copies but the print run on the first day was 397,215, Lord Salisbury, 19th-century Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, dismissed the Daily Mail as a newspaper produced by office boys for office boys. By 1902, at the end of the Boer Wars, the circulation was over a million, from the beginning, the Mail also set out to entertain its readers with human interest stories, serials, features and competitions. In 1900 the Daily Mail began printing simultaneously in both Manchester and London, the first national newspaper to do so, the same production method was adopted in 1909 by the Daily Sketch, in 1927 by the Daily Express and eventually by virtually all the other national newspapers. Printing of the Scottish Daily Mail was switched from Edinburgh to the Deansgate plant in Manchester in 1968 and, for a while, in 1987, printing at Deansgate ended and the northern editions were thereafter printed at other Associated Newspapers plants. In 1906 the paper offered £1,000 for the first flight across the English Channel, punch magazine thought the idea preposterous and offered £10,000 for the first flight to Mars, but by 1910 both the Mails prizes had been won. Before the outbreak of World War I, the paper was accused of warmongering when it reported that Germany was planning to crush the British Empire
12.
High Commission of Australia, London
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The High Commission of Australia in London is the diplomatic mission of Australia in the United Kingdom. It is located in Australia House, a Grade II listed building and it is both Australias first diplomatic mission and the longest continuously occupied diplomatic mission in the United Kingdom. A major landmark on Strand, London, construction on the building by the Dove Brothers commenced in 1913 and it was officially opened by King George V in a ceremony on 3 August 1918 attended by the Australian Prime Minister William Morris Hughes. The cost of the triangular shaped land was £379,756 when purchased by the Commonwealth of Australia in 1912 and building, the Commonwealth of Australias chief architect, John Smith Murdoch, travelled to London to work with the Mackenzie firm on the building. Although an Official Secretary had been appointed to London as early as 1906, the building itself, was built over a 900 year old sacred well drawing from the River Fleet, a subterranean river underneath London. The water in the well is clear and has tested as safe to drink. Much of the materials used in its construction were imported from Australia. The building is of Portland stone on a base of Australian trachyte, the marbles used include dove-coloured Buchan marble from Victoria, the light and dark Caleula from New South Wales, and white Angaston marble from South Australia. This work is credited to Messrs Wylie & Lockhead of London, government agencies within the High Commission include Austrade, Defence, Materiel, National Library of Australia and Public Affairs/Media/Cultural. The buildings grand interior was used as the setting of Gringotts Wizarding Bank in Harry Potter, list of Australian High Commissioners to the United Kingdom Official website Counsellor Defence Materiel
13.
Biddenden Maids
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Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, commonly known as the Biddenden Maids, were a pair of conjoined twins supposedly born in Biddenden, Kent, England, in the year 1100. They are said to have joined at both the shoulder and the hip, and to have lived for 34 years. It is claimed that on their death they bequeathed five plots of land to the village, known as the Bread, the income from these lands was used to pay for an annual dole of food and drink to the poor every Easter. Since at least 1775, the dole has included Biddenden cakes, although the annual distribution of food and drink is known to have taken place since at least 1605, no records exist of the story of the sisters prior to 1770. Throughout most of the 19th century little research was carried out into the origins of the legend, despite the doubts among historians, in the 19th century the legend became increasingly popular and the village of Biddenden was thronged with rowdy visitors every Easter. In the late 19th century historians investigated the origins of the legend. It was suggested that the twins had genuinely existed but had joined at the hip only rather than at both the hip and shoulder, and that they had lived in the 16th rather than the 12th century. Biddenden cakes continue to be given to the poor of Biddenden each Easter, according to tradition Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, or Chalkhurst, were born to relatively wealthy parents in Biddenden, Kent, in the year 1100. The pair were said to be conjoined at both the shoulder and the hip and they grew up conjoined, and are said to have had frequent quarrels, which sometimes terminated in blows. At the age of 34, Mary Chulkhurst died suddenly, doctors proposed to separate the still-living Eliza from her sisters body but she refused, saying as we came together we will also go together, and died six hours afterwards. Henceforward, the lands were to be known as the Bread, the churchwardens of Biddenden continued to maintain the annual dole from the Bread and Cheese Lands. In 1645, rector William Horner claimed that the Bread and Cheese Lands were glebe, the case of the Bread and Cheese Lands was brought before the Committee for Plundered Ministers, who eventually found in favour of the charity in 1649. Horner brought the case before the Court of the Exchequer in 1656 but again without success, witness statements from these cases mention that the lands had been given by two women who grew together in their bodies, but do not give any name for the women. In 1681 the disorder and indecency of the annual dole led to the threat of intervention by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the distribution of the dole ceased to be conducted inside the church, it was moved to the church porch. By 1770, it is recorded that the annual dole took place immediately after the afternoon Easter service, the annual income from the Bread and Cheese Lands had risen to 20 guineas, and a huge quantity of food was distributed each year. By this time as well as the dole of bread, cheese and beer, hard bread rolls known as Biddenden cakes, moulded into an image of the sisters, were thrown to crowds from the church roof. The Biddenden cakes were flat, hard and made of flour and water and this account states that the twins were joined at the hip only, rather than at both the hip and the shoulder, and that they lived to a relatively old age. The article explicitly states that their names were not recorded, as with all accounts of the tradition prior to 1790 the author does not mention their alleged birth in 1100, or the name of Chulkhurst, these details first appeared in a broadside published in 1790
14.
Bromley
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Bromley is a large suburban town, the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Bromley in Greater London, England, United Kingdom. It was historically a market town chartered since 1158 and an ancient parish in the county of Kent, as part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bromley significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903. Most of Bromley including the centre falls under the BR1 postcode district. Bromley is first recorded in a charter of 862 as Bromleag and it shares this Old English etymology with Great Bromley in Essex, but not with the Bromley in Tower Hamlets. The history of Bromley is closely connected with the See of Rochester, in AD862 Ethelbert, the King of Kent, granted land to form the Manor of Bromley. It was held by the Bishops of Rochester until 1845, when Coles Child, the town was an important coaching stop on the way to Hastings from London, and the now defunct Royal Bell Hotel is referred to in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. Bromley, also known as Bromley St Peter and St Paul, formed an ancient parish in the Bromley and Beckenham hundred, in 1840 it became part of the expanded Metropolitan Police District. The parish adopted the Local Government Act 1858 and a board was formed in 1867. The board was reconstituted as Bromley Urban District Council in 1894 and it formed part of the London Traffic Area from 1924 and the London Passenger Transport Area from 1933. Bromley became part of the newly created Greater London in 1965, Bromley forms part of the Bromley and Chislehurst Parliament constituency and the London European Parliament constituency. The current MP is Bob Neill, James Cleverly is the London Assembly member for the Bexley and Bromley constituency, in which the town is located. Bromleys most prominent MP was the former Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, Bromley is located 9.3 miles south east of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Bromley is a post town in the BR postcode area, consisting of BR1, BR1 covers Bromley, Bickley, Sundridge Park and part of Downham, and the BR2 portion covers Hayes, Shortlands, Bickley and Bromley Common. Other nearby areas, Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, the Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is Cfb. Bromley is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. The town has a retail area, including a pedestrianised High Street and The Glades centre. The shopping area includes such as Gap, Oasis, Russell & Bromley and Waterstones. Orpington, Sevenoaks via Swanley, Gillingham, Ashford International via Maidstone East, Bromley North station with services to London Bridge and Charing Cross by changing at Grove Park. Bromley has a number of theatres, the most notable being the Churchill Theatre in the town centre, the Churchill Theatre was opened on 19 July 1977 by HRH Prince of Wales, and seats 785
15.
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
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The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II as monarch of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon took place on 2 June 1953 at Westminster Abbey. The coronation took place more than a year later because of the tradition that holding such a festival is inappropriate during the period of mourning follows the death of a monarch. Celebrations took place across the Commonwealth realm and a medal was issued. It was the first British coronation to be televised, much of the physical preparations and decorations along the route were under the responsibility of David Eccles, Minister of Works. Eccles described his role and that of the Earl Marshal thus, laurent said at the time, in my view the Coronation is the official enthronement of the Sovereign as Sovereign of the U. K. We are happy to attend and witness the Coronation of the Sovereign of the U. K. the Coronation Commission announced in June 1952 that the coronation would take place one year later, on 2 June. Elizabeths grandmother Queen Mary died on 24 March 1953, having stated in her will that her death should not affect the planning of the coronation and the event went ahead as scheduled. Elizabeth, meanwhile, rehearsed for the day with her maids of honour, a sheet used in place of the velvet train. Elizabeth took part in two full rehearsals at Westminster Abbey, on 22 and 29 May, though other sources assert that the Queen attended either several rehearsals or one, the Duchess of Norfolk usually stood in for the Queen at rehearsals. The Coronation ceremony of Elizabeth II followed a pattern to the coronations of the kings and queens before her, being held in Westminster Abbey. However, for the new Queen, several parts of the ceremony were markedly different, the coronation of the Queen was the first ever to be televised, and was also the worlds first major international event to be broadcast on television. The event was filmed in colour, separately from the BBCs black. At Goose Bay, Labrador, the film was transferred to a Royal Canadian Air Force CF-100 jet fighter for the trip to Montreal. In all, three voyages were made as the coronation proceeded. The first royal coach left Buckingham Palace and moved down the Mall and it was followed by the Irish State Coach carrying Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, who wore the circlet of her crown bearing the Koh-i-Noor diamond. Queen Elizabeth II proceeded through London from Buckingham Palace, through Trafalgar Square,10,000 service personnel from across the Commonwealth and Empire marched in a procession that was two miles long and took 45 minutes to pass any given point. A further 15,800 lined the route, the parade was led by Colonel Burrows of the War Office staff and four regimental bands. Then came the colonial contingents, then troops from the Commonwealth realms, followed by the Royal Air Force, the British Army, the Royal Navy and finally the Household Brigade
16.
Swaffham
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Swaffham is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The town is situated 12 mi east of Kings Lynn and 31 mi west of Norwich. The civil parish has an area of 11.42 sq mi and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,935 in 3,130 households, for the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland. Its name came from Old English Swǣfa hām = the homestead of the Swabians, some of them came with the Angles. By the 14th and 15th centuries Swaffham had a sheep and wool industry As a result of this prosperity. The market cross here was built by George Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford, on the top is the statue of Ceres, the Roman goddess of the harvest. About 8 km to the north of Swaffham can be found the ruins of the formerly important Castle Acre Priory and Castle Acre Castle. On the west side of Swaffham Market Place are several old buildings which for many years housed the historic Hamonds Grammar School, the Hamonds Grammar School building latterly came to serve as the sixth form for the Hamonds High School, but that use has since ceased. Carter was a distant cousin of the archaeologist and egyptologist Howard Carter who spent much of his childhood in the town, until 1968 it was served by Swaffham railway station on the Great Eastern Railway line from Kings Lynn. Just after Swaffham, the split into two, one branch heading south to Thetford, and the other east towards Dereham. The railways were closed as part of the Beeching Axe, though the possibility of rebuilding a direct link from Norwich to Kings Lynn via Swaffham is occasionally raised. The Swaffham Museum contains an exhibition on history and local geology as well as an Egyptology room charting the life of Howard Carter. Today the town is known for the presence of two large Enercon E-66 wind turbines, and the associated Green Britain Centre, formerly known as the Ecotech Centre, the Green Britain Centres displays focus on green energy, transportation options without oil, and organic gardening. The turbines are owned and operated by Ecotricity, and together more than three megawatts. One wind turbine, an Enercon E66/1500 with 1 and these have now been joined by a further eight turbines at North Pickenham, though not owned by Ecotricity. The Green Britain Centre hosted the 2008 British BASE jumping championships, the church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul is one of only a few churches that have angels carved in wood instead of stone around the top of the walls. The current building, dating from 1454, is built on the foundation of the original church, a wood carving of the “Pedlar of Swaffham” is also in the church. Swaffham has a Non-League football club Swaffham Town F. C. who play at Shoemakers Lane, Swaffham Raceway hosts stock car racing, and is a former greyhound track
17.
Suffolk
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Suffolk is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west, the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich, other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds, Newmarket and Felixstowe, the county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, by the fifth century, the Angles had established control of the region. The Angles later became the folk and the south folk. Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia, Suffolk was originally divided into four separate Quarter Sessions divisions. In 1860, the number of divisions was reduced to two, the eastern division was administered from Ipswich and the western from Bury St Edmunds. Under the Local Government Act 1888, the two divisions were made the administrative counties of East Suffolk and West Suffolk, Ipswich became a county borough. A few Essex parishes were added to Suffolk, Ballingdon-with-Brundon and parts of Haverhill. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, East Suffolk, West Suffolk, the county was divided into several local government districts, Babergh, Forest Heath, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, St. Edmundsbury, Suffolk Coastal, and Waveney. This act also transferred some land near Great Yarmouth to Norfolk, in 2007, the Department for Communities and Local Government referred Ipswich Borough Councils bid to become a new unitary authority to the Boundary Committee. The Boundary Committee consulted local bodies and reported in favour of the proposal and it was not, however, approved by the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. Beginning in February 2008, the Boundary Committee again reviewed local government in the county, West Suffolk, like nearby East Cambridgeshire, is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Bronze Age artefacts have been found in the area between Mildenhall and West Row, in Eriswell and in Lakenheath, other finds include traces of cremations and barrows. The majority of agriculture in Suffolk is either arable or mixed, Farm sizes vary from anything around 80 acres to over 8,000. Soil types vary from clays to light sands. The continuing importance of agriculture in the county is reflected in the Suffolk Show, although latterly somewhat changed in nature, this remains primarily an agricultural show. Below is a chart of regional gross value added of Suffolk at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling, well-known companies in Suffolk include Greene King and Branston Pickle in Bury St Edmunds
18.
Essex
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Essex /ˈɛsᵻks/ is a county in England immediately north-east of London. It borders the counties of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, the county town is Chelmsford, which is the only city in the county. Essex occupies the part of the old Kingdom of Essex, before this. As well as areas, the county also includes London Stansted Airport, the new towns of Basildon and Harlow, Lakeside Shopping Centre, the port of Tilbury. Originally recorded in AD527, Essex occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea. In changes before the Norman conquest the East Saxons were subsumed into the Kingdom of England and, following the Norman conquest, Essex became a county. During the medieval period, much of the area was designated a Royal forest, including the county in a period to 1204. Gradually, the subject to forest law diminished, but at various times included the forests of Becontree, Chelmsford, Epping, Hatfield, Ongar. County-wide administration Essex County Council was formed in 1889, however County Boroughs of West Ham, Southend-on-Sea and East Ham formed part of the county but were unitary authorities. 12 boroughs and districts provide more localised services such as rubbish and recycling collections, leisure and planning, parish-level administration – changes A few Essex parishes have been transferred to other counties. Before 1889, small areas were transferred to Hertfordshire near Bishops Stortford, Essex became part of the East of England Government Office Region in 1994 and was statistically counted as part of that region from 1999, having previously been part of the South East England region. Two unitary authorities In 1998 the boroughs of Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock were granted autonomy from the county of Essex after successful requests to become unitary authorities. Essex Police covers the county and the two unitary authorities. The county council chamber and main headquarters is at the County Hall in Chelmsford, before 1938 the council regularly met in London near Moorgate, which with significant parts closer to that point and the dominance of railways had been more convenient than any place in the county. It currently has 75 elected councillors, before 1965, the number of councillors reached over 100. The highest point of the county of Essex is Chrishall Common near the village of Langley, close to the Hertfordshire border, the pattern of settlement in the county is diverse. Epping Forest also acts as a barrier to the further spread of London. Part of the southeast of the county, already containing the population centres of Basildon, Southend and Thurrock, is within the Thames Gateway
19.
East Anglia
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East Anglia is a geographical area in the East of England. The area included has varied but the legally defined NUTS2 statistical unit, comprises the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, the name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles, a tribe that originated in Angeln, northern Germany. Definitions of what constitutes East Anglia vary, the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of East Anglia, established in the 6th century, originally consisted of the modern counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and expanded west into at least part of Cambridgeshire. The modern NUTS2 statistical unit of East Anglia comprises Norfolk, Suffolk and those three counties have formed the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia since 1976, and were the subject of a possible government devolution package in 2016. Essex has sometimes included in definitions of East Anglia, including by the London Society of East Anglians. However, the Kingdom of Essex to the south, was an element of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England and did not identify as Angles. The county of Essex by itself forms a NUTS2 statistical unit in the East of England region, other definitions of the area have been used or proposed over the years. For example, the Redcliffe-Maud Report in 1969, which followed the Royal Commission on the Reform of Local Government, the proposed East Anglia province would have included northern Essex, southern Lincolnshire and a small part of Northamptonshire as well as Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The kingdom of East Anglia initially consisted of Norfolk and Suffolk, but upon the marriage of the East Anglian princess Etheldreda, the kingdom was formed about the year 520 by the merging of the North and the South Folk and was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon heptarchy kingdoms. However, this did not last and over the forty years East Anglia was defeated by the Mercians twice. Finally, in 794, Offa of Mercia had king Æthelberht killed, although independence was temporarily restored by rebellion in 825, on the 20 November 869 the Danes killed King Edmund and captured the kingdom. By 917, after a succession of Danish defeats, East Anglia was incorporated into the Kingdom of England by Edward the Elder, afterwards becoming an earldom. Despite some engineering work in the form of sea barriers constructed by the Roman Empire, much of East Anglia remained marshland and bogs until the 17th century. In the 1630s thousands of Puritan families from East Anglia settled in the American region of New England, East Anglia was ideally suited to airfield construction as it comprises large areas of open, level terrain and is close to mainland Europe. The reduced flight time to mainland Europe therefore reduced the load required and enabled a larger bomb load to be carried. Building the airfields was a civil engineering project and by the end of the war there was one approximately every 8 miles. Many of these airfields can still be today, particularly from aerial photographs, and a few remain is use today. Pillboxes, which were erected in 1940 to help defend the nation against invasion, can also be found throughout the area at strategic points
20.
Sculpture
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Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts, a wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast. However, most ancient sculpture was painted, and this has been lost. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, the Western tradition of sculpture began in ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as producing great masterpieces in the classical period. During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith, the revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelos David. Relief is often classified by the degree of projection from the wall into low or bas-relief, high relief, sunk-relief is a technique restricted to ancient Egypt. Relief sculpture may also decorate steles, upright slabs, usually of stone, techniques such as casting, stamping and moulding use an intermediate matrix containing the design to produce the work, many of these allow the production of several copies. The term sculpture is used mainly to describe large works. The very large or colossal statue has had an enduring appeal since antiquity, another grand form of portrait sculpture is the equestrian statue of a rider on horse, which has become rare in recent decades. The smallest forms of life-size portrait sculpture are the head, showing just that, or the bust, small forms of sculpture include the figurine, normally a statue that is no more than 18 inches tall, and for reliefs the plaquette, medal or coin. Sculpture is an important form of public art, a collection of sculpture in a garden setting can be called a sculpture garden. One of the most common purposes of sculpture is in form of association with religion. Cult images are common in cultures, though they are often not the colossal statues of deities which characterized ancient Greek art. The actual cult images in the innermost sanctuaries of Egyptian temples, of which none have survived, were rather small. The same is true in Hinduism, where the very simple. Some undoubtedly advanced cultures, such as the Indus Valley civilization, appear to have had no monumental sculpture at all, though producing very sophisticated figurines, the Mississippian culture seems to have been progressing towards its use, with small stone figures, when it collapsed. Other cultures, such as ancient Egypt and the Easter Island culture, from the 20th century the relatively restricted range of subjects found in large sculpture expanded greatly, with abstract subjects and the use or representation of any type of subject now common. Today much sculpture is made for intermittent display in galleries and museums, small sculpted fittings for furniture and other objects go well back into antiquity, as in the Nimrud ivories, Begram ivories and finds from the tomb of Tutankhamun
21.
Beeston Regis
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Beeston Regis is a village and civil parish in the North Norfolk district of Norfolk, England. It is about a mile east of Sheringham, Norfolk and near the coast, the village is 2 miles west of Cromer and 16 miles north of the city of Norwich. According to the 2011 census it had a population of 1,062, the nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The North Sea is the boundary of the parish. There are few traces of antiquity in Beeston Regis. However, evidence of Roman habitation was found on Beeston Regis Heath in 1859 when a set of quern-stones were found dating from Roman times. Quern-stones were used to grind materials, the most important of which was grain to make flour for bread. On Beeston Regis Heath there are circular pits called Hills and Holes and they are thought to date from prehistoric times. During the Saxon-Norman to Medieval periods these pits were dug to obtain iron ore, Beeston Regis is mentioned in Domesday Book of 1086, where it is called Besetune and Besetuna/tune. The main landholders of the parish were William dEcouis and Hugh de Montfort, the main tenant was Ingulf, The survey also lists ½ a mill. In the Domesday survey fractions were used to indicate that the entry, Beeston Regis was once known as Beeston-next-the-Sea, but from 1399 when Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Lancaster, became King Henry IV, the name became Beeston Regis. Regis means of the king, and the living and manor of Beeston became part of the Crown, for Main Article Please See, Priory of St Mary in the Meadow, Beeston Regis Beeston Regis has the remains of an Augustinian priory known as Beeston Regis Priory. Founded in 1216, in 1535 it had only a prior and four canons, the boys were in effect the boarders at the canons school, and their number was increased by day boys. The priory had 40 acres of land rights to wrecks. The priory lasted until 1538 when King Henry VIII banned the Catholic religion, the ruins indicate that the church nave was about 75 feet long, having a chancel later added. Beeston Priory was independent, unlike many small houses of the Augustinian Order, a tunnel is said to run to the Dunstable Arms Inn from the ruins of the priory, but if it ever existed its whereabouts is a long-forgotten secret. The suppression of the Priory and its school left no provision for education. This is believed to have led Sir John Gresham to found Greshams School at nearby Holt in 1555, the cloister, to the south of the nave of the priory church, is now part of the Priory Farm garden
22.
Weybourne, Norfolk
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Weybourne is a village on the coast of North Norfolk, and has the postcode prefix of NR25. The village is surrounded by fields, woodland, and heathland. The area is popular for the countryside and coast and in particular for walking, wildlife. Changes in government policy have led to the discontinuation of management of coastal erosion in North Norfolk, Weybourne is mentioned in the Domesday Book where it is called Wabrume. The remains of an old Augustinian priory founded around 1200 AD by Sir Ralph de Meyngaren stand on the site of a simpler Saxon church. By 1494 only one prior and three canons lived there, one canon complained that the priory was so poor it was unable to pay him his 20 shillings of annual pocket money. At a visitation in 1514 there was one prior and one canon. Weybourne has long considered a possible site for invasion, one reason being the deep water offshore. He who would all England win, should at Weybourne Hope begin, during the Second World War defences were constructed around Weybourne as a part of British anti-invasion preparations of World War II. The beaches were blocked by landmines and extensive scaffolding barriers, further inland there were pillboxes, barbed wire entanglements, during the Second World War, Weybourne Camp was a highly secret site and was an Anti-Aircraft Artillery range. This, along with a camp at Stiffkey, represented the main live firing training ranges for ACK-ACK Command in World War II. Here the Norfolk coastline became a controlled zone by the British forces and this controlled zone extended 10 km deep into the North Sea around Norfolk. Weybourne Camp was a part of this zone. Weybourne Camp was visited twice by Winston Churchill in 1941 and these visits took place immediately after the Dunkirk evacuation when British defences were on high alert. During his first visit, a demonstration of firing was carried out. The Prime Minister gave the commandant just seven days to improve the standard, on the second visit, each demonstration repeatedly ended in failure until finally, a Queen Bee pilotless target aircraft was shot down and crashed close to the VIP enclosure. History has it all the senior staff were replaced the following day. There is an example of a tower windmill, first built in 1850
23.
East Runton
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East Runton is a small village in Norfolk, England situated close to the North Sea. It was once a fishing village outside Cromer but is now a popular holiday destination for camping. The village is within the parish of Runton that also includes West Runton, the village is 1.3 miles west of Cromer,1.7 miles east of West Runton,2.7 miles east of Sheringham and 21.7 miles north of Norwich. The village lies on the A149 coast road but most of the dwellings can be found just south of the road, the population in the 2001 census was shown as 1,633 in 784 households. At the 2011 census the population was included in the parish of Runton. The parish area is 544 hectares, the war dead of East Runton are recorded on the West Runton War Memorial. There are two houses in East Runton, the Fishing Boat and the White Horse Inn. The Fishing Boat is the older of the inns, and is on the map of 1840. In 1734 it is recorded that a court was held at the inn, the White Horse Inn is first recorded in 1851. There is also a club in the village which is known as ‘Bernies’ Corner House in Beach Road which in years prior was an amusement arcade. Bernies was named after Bernie Parkin whose father Reginald originally had bought the place and had run it as an amusement arcade, next door is a fish and chip shop. This was run for time by John Parkin. The tower mill at East Runton dates from at least 1826 when it is shown on Bryants map, the mill has now been restored and is a private dwelling. The mill was last worked in 1908 and has a cap that resembles an upturned clinker-built boat and this style of top is known as the Norfolk style. The restored tower now is complete with its cap, gallery and fantail, the tower is 38 feet high and is built of brick. The tower had five storeys and once had three pairs of stones which were powered from the four double-shuttered sails, james Leak was a resident of East Runton around the early part of the 19th century. Leak was the blacksmith and renowned Bare-Knuckle prize fighter. He lived in one of six thatched cottages that once stood on the top near Runton gap
24.
High Kelling
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High Kelling is a village and civil parish in the north of the English county of Norfolk. The village is located on the A148 road which links Cromer to Kings Lynn, the village is 1.7 miles east of the town of Holt, and 7.8 miles west of Cromer. High Kelling is within the covered by North Norfolk District Council. In the last Census, carried out in 2001, the population of High Kelling was counted as 515, all Saints Church is a District Church in the Parish of Holt with High Kelling. The building was built in 1924 and was the chapel of Bramblewood Sanatorium which cared for the sufferers of tuberculosis, after the Sanatorium closed in 1955, the residents of High Kelling purchased the Chapel for £500 for their place of worship. The Chapel became licensed for worship in 1970 although it had been then in use for 15 years, in 1977 the Chapel became part of the ecclesiastical parish of Holt. The heritage railway of the North Norfolk Railway known as the Poppy Line runs from near-by Sheringham via Weybourne to Holt, Holt station, although in Holt parish, shares a common boundary with High Kelling. High Kelling has its own post office and shop located on the Cromer Road, in Selbrigg Road there is a nursery which sells locally grown plants and shrubs. Kelling Hospital is situated on a site of 8.5 hectares and provides a range of services, the site is also used on a regular basis as a destination for mobile diagnostic service such as breast cancer screening. The hospital is also the site of the Holt Medical Practice, Kelling also known as Lower Kelling Kelling Heath Home Place, Kelling Media related to High Kelling at Wikimedia Commons
25.
Northrepps
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Northrepps is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is 3.4 miles southeast of Cromer,22.2 miles north of Norwich and 137 miles north of London, the village lies west of the A149 which runs between Kings Lynn and Great Yarmouth. The nearest railway station is at Cromer for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich, the nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The village and parish of Northrepps had in the 2001 census a population of 839, for the purposes of local government, the village falls within the district of North Norfolk. The parish of Northrepps was reduced in size in 1906, losing land to the parish of Overstrand which lies to the north, the parish boundary to the north-west is with Cromer, to the north-east with Sidestrand. To the west are the boundaries with Felbrigg and Roughton whilst to the south is the parish of Southrepps, also in the north of the parish is Cottage Wood, which is largely given over to the Forest Park Caravan Site. In the south east of the parish there is woodland known as Fox Hills. The Bittern Line railway cuts through the section of the parish. The landscape of the parish is largely arable farmland made up of low hills and valleys, the soil is light and very sandy and the subsoil gravel. The parish contains the village of Northrepps as well as Frogshall, which is in Fox Hills, and Crossdale Street, the A140 begins at a junction with the A149 within the parish. The name Northrepps is derived from the Old English word repel, evidence suggested that the occupants of Northrepps have always been agriculturally based. This is confirmed by entries in the Domesday Book which has the name listed as Norhrepes and Norrepes. The main tenant was William de Warenne, the survey shows that the value of the parish was reasonably low. The survey also state there was 1 free man of Ketels. Always 2 villagers,5 smallholders, pannage for 5 swine, always 1 plough,2 acres of meadow 2 mills and 1 church, the listing of the mills confirms the central role of farming in the community. In the Domesday Book the size of woodland was given as the number of swine a wood could support. By 1881 records show that the parish was owned by three landlords, John Henry Gurney Sr. was the principal owner, Lord Suffield was lord of the manor, and Samuel Hoare, Lord Templewood was the third. The manor of Northrepps therefore seems to have governed by the Suffield family from 18th-century Gunton Hall in the parish of Hanworth,5 kilometres south of Northrepps village
26.
Overstrand
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Overstrand is a village on the north coast of Norfolk in England, two miles east of Cromer. It was once a modest fishing station, with all or part of the station being known as Beck Hythe. In the latter part of the 19th century it was catapulted into prominence, the London journalist and travel writer Clement Scott came to Overstrand in 1883, christened the area ‘’Poppyland’’, and wrote about the church tower on the cliff edge and its “Garden of Sleep”. While in Overstrand he stayed at the Mill House with miller Alfred Jermy and his daughter Louie, Scott had many London contacts in the theatrical world, and his writings led a number of them and others from London society to come to Overstrand. Some bought land in the village and had built there. A large hotel was built on the edge, though this slid into the sea in the 1950s. The large houses of the gentry have largely passed from private ownership to other uses, Overstrand railway station was on the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway between Cromer and North Walsham. The Overstrand biplane bomber was named after the village, having made at the Boulton & Paul aircraft factory in Norwich in the early 1930s. Season 1, episode 2 of the BBC TV series Screen Two was called Poppyland, directed by John Madden, it took place in Overstrand and tells the story of Clement Scott in his travels there. As with much of the Norfolk coast, erosion was and continues to be a major problem, clifton Way is an experimental site, its sea defences include riprap, wooden groynes, revetments, gabions and Offshore Reefs. The cliffs of soft boulder clay slump because of the running through the clay. In the neighbouring village of Sidestrand, the church was moved back from the edge in the 19th century. ^ Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council, 2001Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas, Overstrand village website History of village in photographs and text
27.
Gresham, Norfolk
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Gresham is a village and civil parish in North Norfolk, England, five miles south-west of Cromer. A predominantly rural parish, Gresham centres on its church of All Saints. The village also once had a square 14th century castle, a watermill, the moat and some ruins of the castle survive. The name of Gresham is derived from a stream known as the Gur Beck, plus -ham. In the Domesday Book of 1086, Gresham is recorded as one of the holdings of William de Warenne, Sir Edmund Bacon of Baconsthorpe held the manor. After his death in 1336 or 1337, there was fighting over his property. A William Moleyns married Bacons daughter Margery and tried unsuccessfully to deprive John Burghersh and she granted Gresham to Sir Philip Vache for nine years after her death, but in 1414 his widow still held it and Sir William Moleyns agreed to buy it from Margerys executors for 920 marks. He held it for two years, but did not complete the payment, however, Robert Hungerford, Lord Moleyns, then claimed it and seized it by force. The James Gresham here referred to is James Gresham, gentleman, of Holt, eight months later, when Pastons attempts to recover the manor through negotiation and legal action had failed, he sent his wife to occupy a mansion in the parish. In response, Moleyns sent a force which the Pastons claimed amounted to a thousand men, attacked the house, which was badly damaged. I pray you send me word be the brynger of this how ye wil that I be demenyd, I wol ben ryght sory to dwel so nere Gressam as I dede tyl the mater were fully determynyd be-twix the lord Moleynis and you. Moleyns was able to hold possession of Gresham for three years. In 1620, the manor was sold to the Batt family, the present lord of the manor is Robert Batt. The Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Gresham, GRESHAM, a parish in Erpingham district, Norfolk,5 miles SW of Cromer, the property is divided among a few. The Gresham family, of whom was Sir Thomas Gresham, are supposed to have had their name from this parish, remains exist of an embattled mansion which belonged, in the time of Edward II. to the Bacons. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich, the church is decorated English, in good condition, has a round tower, and contains a curiously sculptured font. Twelve men of Gresham were killed in the First World War, of the six men of the village killed in the Second World War, three were sons of Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Cossley Batt. A war memorial stands in the churchyard, the records of the Aylmerton and Gresham School from 1874 to 1991 are held in the Norfolk Record Office
28.
Felbrigg
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Felbrigg is a small village just south of Cromer in Norfolk, England. The Danish name means a plank bridge, in the church are some fine 14th-century brasses of Sir Simon de Felbrigge and his wife, the original Lord of the Manor here. The Felbrigg Estate, owned by the National Trust, is close to the lying to the east. The estate covers some 1,760 acres of parkland and mixed woodland, the dominant feature is the 520-acre Great Wood which shelters the house. The estate has particular significance through the connections with Nathaniel Kent and Humphry Repton, a lake, which is invisible from the Hall, was created in the mid-18th century by damming the Scarrow Beck. A pleasant and attractive feature, the lake encourages a wide range of bio-diversity, to the west and north, pasture woodland merges into the Great Wood. Local residents continue to access to the network of footpaths, many being old rights of way. Especially popular is the well-known “Lions Mouth”, a very pretty beauty spot which can be reached from the main road A148 and is popular with walkers and ramblers. AA Illustrated Guide to Britain, London, 5th edition,1983, media related to Felbrigg at Wikimedia Commons
29.
West Beckham
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The village lies 4.1 miles east of the town of Holt. The village is 2.4 miles inland from the North Norfolk Coast to the north, the village is 0.8 miles to the south of the A148 King’s Lynn to Cromer road. The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich, the nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. West Beckham has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1085, in the great book West Beckham is recorded by the name ‘’Becham’’. The main tenant being Walter Giffard, the Parish Church of St Helen and All Saint’s was built during the second half of the 19th century to replace a medieval church. The church’s construction is unusual in that it is not only shingled on the outside, the shingle of the interior walls are banded with red brick in the Puginesque style. On the upper banding of brickwork there is fading evangelical text, much of the building material was re-cycled from the remains of two early churches - the Church of St Helen in East Beckham, and All Saints Church in West Beckham. At the western end of the church there is a rose window. Below the window can be found the font reminiscent of a wedding cake, the one village pub is called The Wheatsheaf and was formerly the Old Manor Farmhouse, a building with lots of history, which was converted into the pub in 1983. The pub serves a range of food and real ale. It also has monthly quizzes and occasional karaoke nights, in aid of charity, in the summer months entertainment is often in the garden. Bodham and Beckham Village Hall is a hall, less than 20 years old. It is regularly used by Bodham Bingo Club, yoga classes, church events, regular quiz night fundraisers are held during the winter months. Media related to West Beckham at Wikimedia Commons
30.
Hempstead, near Holt, Norfolk
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There is also a village called Hempstead near Stalham, also in North Norfolk. Hempstead is a village and civil parish in the north of the English county of Norfolk, the village is 2.7 miles south-southeast of the town of Holt, and 11.2 miles west of Cromer. Hempstead is within the covered by North Norfolk District Council. In the last Census, carried out in 2001, the population of Hempstead was counted as 179, the parish church is called All Saints’ and is unusual in the fact that the apse has a thatched roof, the main part of the roof being of pantile. At the western end of the church is a red-brick built, media related to Hempstead, near Holt, Norfolk at Wikimedia Commons
31.
Spratton
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Spratton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Northamptonshire. The local government authority is Daventry District Council, at the time of the 2001 census, the parishs population was 1,099 people, increasing to 1,150 at the 2011 Census. Spratton is 7.1 miles north of Northampton,6.5 miles from Long Buckby and 11.4 miles from Daventry, the village is situated on the A5199 road. The parish church of Spratton is dedicated to St Andrew and stands on Brixworth Road, parts of the west wall of the church date from the Norman period, along with one of the windows in the church tower. The ecclesiastical parish is part of the diocese of Peterborough, the church, built from ironstone, stands on high ground in the centre of the village and has a tower with a spire. The chancel is 29 feet long by 15 feet wide, the earliest church built on the site dated from 1120, but it has been altered and remodelled considerably over the centuries. The interior of the church was restored in 1847 by Sir George Gilbert Scott, the spire was taken down nearly to the base in 1870 and rebuilt. The great great grandmother of George Washington was baptised in the church, Spratton Hall is a Grade II listed building. The hall was built in the late 18th century, the hall is now used as an independent co-educational school called Spratton Hall School and was founded by K. C. Hunter and his wife Joan in 1951, there are currently over 400 pupils at the school aged 4–13 years old. Spratton Hall, the largest house in the village, is a Grade II listed building with grounds extending to 50 acres, the house was probably built in 1760 on the site of an earlier farmhouse. Constructed primarily with limestone from Kingsthorpe, it is a plain three-storey structure with a slate roof, actor Tenniel Evans taught English and drama there for a short time in the early 1950s before returning to theatre. English international rugby union player Matt Dawson was a gap student at Spratton Hall from 1996 to 1997, michael Ellis MP was educated there. Harry Mallinder first played rugby there, the village has one public house, the King’s Head on Brixworth Road. There is a butchers, Saul’s, also on Brixworth Road, there is also a village store. Spratton used to host a music festival in July every year. Bands that have appeared include Capercaillie, Show of Hands, Oysterband, in addition to the music, there were craft stalls, food, childrens entertainment and a bar serving real ales and ciders
32.
Northamptonshire
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Northamptonshire, archaically known as the County of Northampton, is a county in the East Midlands of England. In 2011, it had a population of 629,000, the county is administered by Northamptonshire County Council and seven non-metropolitan district councils. Northamptonshire is the southernmost county in the East Midlands region, apart from the county town of Northampton, other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry. Northamptonshires county flower is the cowslip, there are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill and Thenford. In the 1st century BC, most of what later became Northamptonshire became part of the territory of the Catuvellauni, a Belgic tribe, the Catuvellauni were in turn conquered by the Romans in 43 AD. The Roman road of Watling Street passed through the county, there were other Roman settlements at Northampton, Kettering and along the Nene Valley near Raunds. A large fort was built at Longthorpe, after the Romans left, the area eventually became part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, and Northampton functioned as an administrative centre. The Mercians converted to Christianity in 654 AD with the death of the pagan king Penda, Northamptonshire was conquered again in 940, this time by the Vikings of York, who devastated the area, only for the county to be retaken by the English in 942. Consequently, it is one of the few counties in England to have both Saxon and Danish town-names and settlements, the county was first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, as Hamtunscire, the scire of Hamtun. The North was added to distinguish Northampton from the other important Hamtun further south, Rockingham Castle was built for William the Conqueror and was used as a Royal fortress until Elizabethan times. In 1460, during the Wars of the Roses, the Battle of Northampton took place, the now-ruined Fotheringhay Castle was used to imprison Mary, Queen of Scots, before her execution. George Washington, the first President of the United States of America, was born into the Washington family who had migrated to America from Northamptonshire in 1656. George Washingtons ancestor, Lawrence Washington, was Mayor of Northampton on several occasions and it was George Washingtons great-grandfather, John Washington, who emigrated in 1656 from Northants to Virginia. Before Washingtons ancestors moved to Sulgrave, they lived in Warton, King Charles I was imprisoned at Holdenby House in 1647. In 1823 Northamptonshire was said to a pure and wholesome air because of its dryness. Its livestock were celebrated, Horned cattle, and other animals, are fed to extraordinary sizes, in summer, the county hosted a great number of wealthy families. Country seats and villas are to be seen at every step, Northamptonshire is still referred to as the county of spires and squires because of the numbers of stately homes and ancient churches. In the 18th and 19th centuries, parts of Northamptonshire and the area became industrialised
33.
Horsham St Faith
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Horsham St Faith is a village in Norfolk, England. Faith that, until the dissolution of the monasteries, stood there and it is near Norwich International Airport, which began in 1939 as RAF Horsham St. Faith and home of the City of Norwich Aviation Museum. Administratively it is in the parish of Horsham St Faith. It has the remains of a motte and bailey castle, on the Horsford side of the A140 road, reached by following a track to the north of Church Street, which joins Horsford and Horsham St. Faith. On 17 October from the early 12th century until 1872 it played host to one of the countrys largest cattle fairs and this fair was held to the south of Spixworth Road around Bullock Hill and Calf Lane. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Manor House, inside the church at Horsham St. Faith there is a memorial to his eldest son, John Francis Brabazon Spurrell, who was killed by buffalo at Kibaya, Tanganyika, in 1927. The present day church dates back to the 13th century and has many changes. Much of the building was restored in 1873 with a donation from the Twinings tea family. Of interest inside the church is the screen dated 1528. Also, of note is the elaborate Jacobean font cover, the pulpit is also of note, with painted panels recently restored by the V & A Museum. The use of the church is shared with the Methodists, St Robert Southwell - Jesuit priest, poet and martyr. Horsham St Faith and Newton St Faith Horsham and Newton St Faith The Priory of Horsham St Faith Drayton and St Faith Medical Practice history
34.
Gayton, Norfolk
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Gayton is a small village in the west of the English county of Norfolk. It is 7.3 miles east of the town of Kings Lynn, the Gaywood River has its source just north of the village at Derby Fen. The village sides astride of the B1145 Kings Lynn to Mundesley road that dissects North Norfolk west to east, the village has a primary school, which was a first school but in March 2011 gained full primary status. The school will grow to possess the full age range by September 2013. The church in Gayton is St Nicholas Church, in September 2013, James Meade, son of equestrian champion Richard Meade, and Lady Laura Marsham, daughter of Julian Charles Marsham, 8th Earl of Romney, got married in this church. Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, Prince Harry and Pippa Middleton were in attendance at the wedding, there is one pub in the village, The Crown. The village also has two shops, a child care/daycare centre, a hair salon, a fish and chip shop. The village has a windmill and is twinned with nearby Middleton, nearby is Gayton Hall, the home of The Earl & Countess of Romney, whose gardens are open to the public. Norfolk County Council is responsible for roads, some schools, and social services, an electoral ward in the same name exists. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 2,240, media related to Gayton, Norfolk at Wikimedia Commons
35.
Gimingham
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Gimingham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. Gimingham has no shops, but has a Church, a pond, the village is 4.1 miles north of North Walsham and 6.1 miles east of Cromer. It is 21.6 miles north of the city of Norwich, nearby road communications with Gimingham are the A140 to Norwich, the A148 and A149 to Kings Lynn, and the A149 into the Norfolk Broads and Great Yarmouth. The B1159 is a road between Cromer and Mundesley. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport, Gimingham is in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of Gimingeham. The manor was held by William de Warenne, the village name is thought to mean the ‘Ham’ or the ‘Homestead of Gymma’s people. Gymma was the name of an Anglo-Saxon warlord who settled in part of the country some time between the 5th and 6th century. The village name has appeared in different versions. In 1192 it is documented as Gumingham whilst in 1211 it appears as Gemingehem, Gimingham Parish Church is called All Saints. The church has part of the Trunch group of parishes since 1965 and is in the service of a team of clergy of these parishes. There was a church on the site of the present one. Signs of early Saxon quoins or ashlars can be seen in the east wall of the chancel, the chancel dates from the early 14th century. The church is almost entirely built from un-knapped flint although there are some squared flints in the entrance porch, some buttresses and arches are of brick construction. The porch has two storeys and was incorporated into a much older original porch, the room on the first floor is known as a parvise. This room was used in the past by priests who had travelled some distance to get to the church and it also may have been used in the past as part of the wedding service, with guests waiting there while the groom and bride exchanged their vows in the porch. The nave dates from the 15th century and was re-roofed around 1950, the battlemented tower is also 15th century. A feature of the village is the pond which stretches along the western edge of the main street. The mill pond is filled by the River Mun, the pond is home to many species of water fowl and is very popular with local fisherman
36.
Sustead
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Sustead is a small village and parish in the county of Norfolk, England, about four miles south-west of Cromer. The parish also includes the villages of Bessingham and Metton, the parish is bounded by Aldborough and Hanworth to the south, Roughton to the east, Felbrigg and Aylmerton to the north and Gresham to the west. Sustead has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1085, in the great book Sustead is recorded by the names Surstede, and sutstede. The main land holder being William de Warren and the main tennent was Roger Bigot, the survey also states there were 1½ mills. The earliest parts of church are Saxon but over the years it has been added and altered by the Normans, Tudors. The nave reflect all these periods in its decoration, the north and south doorways date from the 14th century whilst the square headed windows date from the 15th century. There are fragments of mediaeval stain glass in the south window, behind the pulpit there are the signs of a blocked of long demolished north Transept. There is a font which dates from the 15th century. The pulpit is from the 17th century and is decorated with heads of angels, the pulpit was originally from the church at North Barningham. The screen dates from the 14th century, the church has a round tower which is 48 feet tall and has a diameter of 7 feet. The walls are 3 ft 4ins thick, the lower part of this round tower is from the Saxon period. The higher reaches were built in the 14th and 15th century, the tower has a single bell which was cast between 1400 and 1425. The south porch of the church is late 14th century but has undergone restoration work in 1896, website with photos of Sustead St Peter and St Paul
37.
Trunch
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Trunch is a village and parish in Norfolk, England, situated three miles north of North Walsham and two miles from the coast at Mundesley. At the Census 2011 the village had a population of 909, the parish covers an area of 5.5 square kilometres. Trunch Parish Church is the Grade I listed 14th-century church of St Botolph, only four such canopies still exist in England. St Botolphs also features a roof with carved angels, as well as medieval misericords under the seats in the chancel. Another medieval survival is the rood screen depicting 11 disciples and St Paul, lord Nelsons daughter is said to have been married in the church. In 1589 Robert Thexton became the rector of Trunch, while at Cambridge University, Thexton had been the room-mate of Christopher Marlowe the famous, and infamous, Elizabethan playwright. The fictional village of St. Just-near-Trunch is known in English folk music as the home of the former satirical folk duo, Trunch Farmworkers Strike - Account of 1906 agricultural dispute in the village, from EASF
38.
Sprowston
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Sprowston is a small suburban town (population 14,691 bordering Norwich in Norfolk, England. It is bounded by Heartsease to the east, Mousehold Heath and the suburb of New Sprowston to the south, Old Catton to the west and it was the largest parish in Norfolk and the most populous in Broadland District, before becoming a town in 2011. Sprowston was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, in 1545 the Jermy family granted Mounteney Manor to John Corbet. During Ketts rebellion in 1549 the house was broken into and looted, the army of Robert Kett encamped on nearby Mousehold Heath. The first Sprowston Hall was built in 1560, the Aslakes Manor passed to an eminent family of Norfolk gentry, the Calthorpes. It was later sold to Sir Thomas Corbet and in 1592 the two Manors were united, monuments to the Corbet family can be found at the parish church of St Mary and St Margaret Church Lane. The Sprowston Corbets were Royalists in the English Civil War, Thomas Corbet was knighted by Charles I at Royston, Sir Thomas Corbet became High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1612. He died without an heir and the manor of Sprowston was sold to Sir Thomas Adams and he had given Charles II £10,000 whilst he was in exile, and in 1660 he accompanied General Monck to escort the King back to England. Adams endowed a Professorship of Arabic at Cambridge and had the Gospels printed in Persian, in the 18th century the manor was sold to Sir Lambert Blackwell, a governor of the South Sea Company and he was created a baronet in 1718. In the 19th century the manor went through a number of families until it came into the hands of the Gurneys, in 1876 John Gurney, who was mayor of Norwich and blind, rebuilt Sprowston Hall. In 1885 he gave money for the building of St Cuthberts Church, today, Sprowston Hall is now used as a hotel and is the location of Sprowston Manor Golf Club. During the 18th century it is recorded that the population was less than 200, Sprowston Mill was built in 1780 and made famous by John Crome, of the Norwich School of painting. In 2011, Sprowston chose to move from a council to a town council. There are three Junior Schools, Falcon, Sprowston and White Woman Lane and three Infant Schools, Cecil Gowing, Sparhawk and Sprowston, the town has three churches, St Mary and St Margarets and St Cuthberts and the Sprowston Methodist Church. There is one chapel, called Gage Road Chapel, Sprowston Hall is now a hotel and is the location of Sprowston Manor Golf Club. Tricker, Roy W. Parish of Sprowston, Sprowston Parish Council The Parish of Sprowston Sprowston Community High School
39.
Corton, Suffolk
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Corton is a suburb in the town of Lowestoft in the English county of Suffolk. Corton is located around 3 miles north of the centre of town. The local church is dedicated to St Bartholomew, it is a ruin, with only the chancel roofed, The estimated population was 1,140 in 2008. It has boundaries with the suburb of Gunton, Corton is home to main tourist attraction of the Pleasurewood Hills Theme and Amusement Park. There is also two holiday centres and a school, hall, pubs, as well as, beaches the main one being the sands which was popular naturist area. But nudist area was de-designated in November 2009, the cliffs are suffering gradual coastal erosion. Corton is recorded in the Domesday Book as Caretuna or Karetuna and it used to be in the Half Hundred of Lothingland, had a population of around 21 households and formed part of the Kings holdings. In 1870–72, John Marius Wilsons Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Corton like this, CORTON was 1,495 acres, mammoth bones and other interesting fossils have been found. The church, excepting chancel and tower, was long dilapidated, Corton railway station was closed down. When it became a part of the town of Lowestoft, the station building is now used as a private residence. Corton is part of the ward called Gunton and Corton. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 4,400
40.
Little Bentley
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Little Bentley is a village and civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex. It sits on rising ground just to the west of the Holland Brook, the church is dedicated to Saint Mary. The living is in the gift of Balliol College, Little Bentley is also the home of the Little Bentley Park Polo Club
41.
Sanderstead
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Sanderstead /ˈsɑːndərstɛd/ is a village in the London Borough of Croydon, situated on high ground at the edge of the built-up area of Greater London. From 1915 to 1965 it formed a parish in the Coulsdon, having been a farming community in previous centuries, Sanderstead is now essentially a dormitory village for commuters to central London and Croydon. The Grade I listed All Saints Church dates from the 13th century but was altered in later periods. Sanderstead station is lower down the hill and has trains to East Croydon and central London, Sanderstead was the place of origin of the Sanders surname. There is evidence of human activity in and around Sanderstead. North of the village at Croham Hurst, upon a hill, are circular barrows believed to be from a Bronze Age settlement. This is now part of an open space and the site is marked by a brass monument. A Romano-British homestead was discovered during the construction of the Atwood School, during the 1980s, when the school was extended, further excavation revealed the remains of several round huts, hearths, a brooch, and pottery, some of which hailed from North Africa. An Anglo-Saxon reference to Sanderstead can be found in the will, dated 871, of Alfred, the village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred. It later appears to have given to St Peters Abbey, Winchester by Æthelflæd, the wife of Edgar the Peaceful and mother of Edward the Martyr. Sanderstead appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Sandestede, and belonging to St Peters Abbey and it had a total household population of 26 including 21 villagers,4 slaves and 1 cottager. Its Domesday assets were assessed as 5 hides, and 10 carucates of arable land and it had 9 ploughs and wood worth 30 hogs. Its Domesday entry records that in the time of Edward the Confessor it was valued at 100 shillings, and now 12 pounds, the village was granted to Sir John Gresham by Henry VIII following the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It was passed to his son Richard who subsequently sold it to John Ownsted, Ownsted died without issue in 1600, and devised his estates to his two sisters and cousin Harman Atwood, with Atwood subsequently purchasing the shares of his joint legatees. The Atwood family had an association with Sanderstead, with inscriptions at the local church indicating a presence in the village from the reign of Edward II. On Monday,6 September 1731, the nearby Sanderstead Common was the venue for an important cricket match between Surrey and Thomas Chambers XI, Surrey winning the match by an unknown margin, on Monday,26 June 1732, Surrey played London on the common. The manor house, known as Sanderstead Court, was remodelled by Harman Atwood. This large country house was probably first constructed in the sixteenth century
42.
London Borough of Croydon
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The London Borough of Croydon is a London borough in south London, England and is part of Outer London. It covers an area of 87 km2 and is the largest London borough by population and it is the southernmost borough of London. At its centre is the town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name. Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book, and from a market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London. Croydon is the centre of the borough. The borough is now one of Londons leading business, financial and cultural centres, and its influence in entertainment, the economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre. Once Londons main airport for all flights to and from the capital. It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction, Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954,2000,2002 and 2012. Croydon is mostly urban, though there are suburban and rural uplands in the south. Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation and it was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria. The area is one of the hearts of culture in London, institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough. However, its famous fringe theatre the Warehouse Theatre was put under administration in 2012 when the council withdrew its funding, the Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library, the independent David Lean Cinema and museum. From 2000 to 2010, Croydon staged a summer festival celebrating the areas black and Indian cultural diversity. An internet radio station, Croydon Radio, is run by people for the area. The borough is home to its own local TV station, Croydon TV. Premier League football club Crystal Palace F. C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood, for the history of the original town see History of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon was formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon. The name Croydon comes from Crogdene or Croindone, named by the Saxons in the 8th century when they settled here, although the area had been inhabited since prehistoric times. It is thought to derive from the Anglo-Saxon croeas deanas, meaning the valley of the crocuses, indicating that, like Saffron Walden in Essex, by the time of the Norman invasion Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants as recorded in the Domesday Book
43.
Leaves Green
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Leaves Green is a village in Greater London within the London Borough of Bromley. The village lies on the Bromley to Westerham road, adjacent to the perimeter of Biggin Hill Airport. It is some 5 miles south of Bromley and 2 miles north of Biggin Hill, Leaves Green village has a large village green which straddles the A233. This is the location for one of Londons coal tax posts which formerly denoted the boundary of the area in which the City of London Corporation was empowered to collect duty on coal, the post is also depicted on the village sign. There are no links to the village, but it is served by several bus routes,246 Bromley – Westerham 320 Catford – Biggin Hill R2 Biggin Hill – Petts Wood. The nearest rail stations to Leaves Green are, Hayes Orpington Bromley South Bromley North
44.
London Borough of Bromley
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The London Borough of Bromley /ˈbrɒmli/ is one of the 32 London boroughs which make up Greater London. The London Borough of Bromley is south of the River Thames which flows through London, the borough is named after Bromley, its principal town. The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council, the borough is the largest in Greater London by area and occupies 59 square miles, of which the majority is Metropolitan Green Belt land. It is also perhaps the most rural, most of the population lives in the north and west of the borough, with an outlier at Biggin Hill in the far south. The borough shares borders with the London Boroughs of Lewisham and Greenwich to the North, Bexley to the North East, Southwark and Lambeth to the North West, as well as Croydon to the West. It also borders the Sevenoaks District of Kent to the East and South, westerham Heights, the highest point in London at an altitude of 804 feet, is located on the southern boundary. The Prime Meridian passes through Bromley, about 30% of the land in Bromley is farmland, the highest figure of a London Borough. The borough was formed, as were all other London boroughs, in 1969, after a local campaign, the village of Knockholt was transferred back to Kent to become part of the Sevenoaks Rural District and later Sevenoaks District. Before 1965 it had part of the Orpington Urban District. The borough is partly urban and partly rural, the former to the north, other smaller suburban areas include Anerley and nearby Crystal Palace, and Penge. In addition, parts of Mottingham, Sydenham, Swanley and Ruxley lie within the borough boundaries, there are two main built-up areas in the southern part of the borough, Hayes and West Wickham. Biggin Hill, Downe and Keston with Leaves Green and Nash are separate, smaller, local attractions include Down House, Chislehurst Caves, Holwood House, Crofton Roman Villa, and the site of The Crystal Palace. Bromley is divided into 22 wards with a total of 60 council seats, after a number of by-elections and a defection, the Conservatives regained control on 5 July 2001. The 22 wards are shown on the accompanying map, ward names often straddle the named settlements and suburban areas above, their boundaries are fixed, whereas the latter are not. In 1801, the parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 8,944. This rose slowly throughout the 19th century, as the district built up. When the railways arrived the rate of growth increased. The population peaked in the 1970s, when began to relocate from London
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