1.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
2.
Norman, Oklahoma
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Norman /ˈnɔːrmən/ is a city in the U. S. state of Oklahoma 20 miles south of downtown Oklahoma City in its metropolitan area. The population was 110,925 at the 2010 census, Normans estimated population of 120,284 in 2015 makes it the third-largest city in Oklahoma, and the city serves as the county seat of Cleveland County. Norman was settled during the Land Run of 1889, which opened the former Unassigned Lands of Indian Territory to American pioneer settlement, the city was named in honor of Abner Norman, the areas initial land surveyor, and was formally incorporated on May 13,1891. The university is known for its sporting events by teams under the banner of the nickname Sooners. The university is home to museums, including the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, which contains the largest collection of French Impressionist art ever given to an American university, Norman lies within Tornado Alley, a geographic region where tornadic activity is particularly frequent and intense. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area, including Norman, is the most tornado-prone area in the world, the Storm Prediction Center, a branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is located at the NWC. SPC forecasts severe storm and tornado outbreaks nationwide, additionally, research is conducted at the co-located National Severe Storms Laboratory, which includes field research and operates various experimental weather radars. In 2008, CNNs Money Magazine ranked Norman as the sixth best small city within the United States to live in, the Oklahoma region became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Treaties of 1832 and 1833 assigned the area today as Norman to the Creek Nation. Following the Civil War, the Creeks were accused of aiding the Confederacy, in the early 1870s, the federal government undertook a survey of these unassigned lands. Abner Ernest Norman, a 23-year-old surveyor from Kentucky, was hired to oversee part of this project. In 1887, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway began service to the area, which was later opened to settlement as part of the Land Run of 1889, early settlers decided to keep the name Norman. On April 22,1889, the Land Run saw the founding of Norman, with at least 150 residents spending the night in makeshift campsites, by the next morning a downtown was already being constructed. On December 19,1890, Larsh and Waggoner were successful with the passage of Council Bill 114, the City of Norman was formally incorporated on May 13,1891. The city has continued to grow throughout the decades, the rail lines eventually transitioned to freight during the 1940s as the United States Numbered Highway system developed. The city population reached 11,429 in 1940, in 1941, the University of Oklahoma and Norman city officials established Max Westheimer Field, a university airstrip, and then leased it to the U. S. Navy as a Naval Flight Training Center in 1942. The training center was used for training combat pilots during World War II, a second training center, known as Naval Air Technical Training Center, and a naval hospital were later established to the south
3.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
4.
Bluegrass music
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Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and a related genre of country music. Settlers from Britain and Ireland arrived in Appalachia during the 18th century and these traditions consisted primarily of English and Scottish ballads—which were essentially unaccompanied narrative—and dance music, such as Irish reels, which were accompanied by a fiddle. Many older bluegrass songs come directly from the British Isles, several Appalachian bluegrass ballads, such as Pretty Saro, Barbara Allen, Cuckoo Bird and House Carpenter, come from England and preserve the English ballad tradition both melodically and lyrically. Others, such as The Two Sisters, also come from England, however, some bluegrass fiddle songs popular in Appalachia, such as Leather Britches, and Pretty Polly, have Scottish roots. The dance tune Cumberland Gap may be derived from the tune that accompanies the Scottish ballad Bonnie George Campbell and this is in contrast to old-time music, in which all instruments play the melody together or one instrument carries the lead throughout while the others provide accompaniment. Breakdowns are often characterized by rapid tempos and unusual instrumental dexterity, there are three major subgenres of bluegrass and one unofficial subgenre. Traditional bluegrass has musicians playing folk songs, tunes with traditional chord progressions, progressive bluegrass groups may use electric instruments and import songs from other genres, particularly rock & roll. Examples include Cadillac Sky and Bearfoot, another subgenre, Bluegrass gospel uses Christian lyrics, soulful three- or four-part harmony singing, and sometimes the playing of instrumentals. Bluegrass music has attracted a following worldwide. Bluegrass pioneer Bill Monroe characterized the genre as, Scottish bagpipes and its Methodist and Holiness and Baptist. Its blues and jazz, and it has a high lonesome sound, unlike mainstream country music, bluegrass is traditionally played on acoustic stringed instruments. The fiddle, five-string banjo, guitar, mandolin, and upright bass are often joined by the resonator guitar and this instrumentation originated in rural dance bands and is the basis on which the earliest bluegrass bands were formed. The guitar is now most commonly played with a style referred to as flatpicking, unlike the style of bluegrass guitarists such as Lester Flatt. Banjo players often use the three-finger picking style made popular by such as Don Reno. Fiddlers frequently play in thirds and fifths, producing a sound that is characteristic to the bluegrass style, bassists almost always play pizzicato, occasionally adopting the slap-style to accentuate the beat. A bluegrass bass line is generally a rhythmic alternation between the tonic and dominant of each chord, with walking bass excursions. Instrumentation has been a topic of debate. Traditional bluegrass performers believe the correct instrumentation is used by Bill Monroes band
5.
Blue-eyed soul
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Blue-eyed soul is rhythm and blues and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music of the Motown. Though many rhythm and blues radio stations would play music by black musicians. The Righteous Brothers named their 1964 LP Some Blue-Eyed Soul, Blue-eyed soul was applied to such artists as Sonny & Cher, the Beatles, Tom Jones, Barry McGuire, and Roy Head. White musicians playing R&B music, however, began before the term blue-eyed soul was coined, lonnie Macks 1963 gospel-infused vocals earned him widespread critical acclaim as a blue-eyed soul singer. Groups such as The Rascals had soul-tinged pop songs, but it was the vocals of Felix Cavaliere that gave them the blue-eyed soul sound. By the mid-1960s, British singers Dusty Springfield, Eric Burdon, Blue-eyed soul singer, Chris Clark became the first white singer to have an R&B hit with Motown Records in 1966. In 1967, Jerry Lee Lewis, whose latter days at Sun Records had been characterized by R&B covers, delaney and Bonnie produced the blue-eyed soul album Home on Stax in 1969. Michael Sembello, who left home at age 17 to tour with Stevie Wonder, wrote and performed on numerous blue-eyed soul hits for Wonder, Brian McKnight, David Sanborn, Bill Champlin and Bobby Caldwell. Todd Rundgren began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a based on the model of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. He left the band to form the rock band Nazz in 1967. Outside the Anglo-American scene, in Italy, Mina and Carmen Villani fused elements of music with the traditional Italian pop music. Carola and Doris were notable Scandinavian artists who were influenced by soul music, in February 1975, Tower of Power became the first white/mixed act to appear on Soul Train. Also in 1975, David Bowie, another early white artist to appear on Soul Train, released Young Americans and it featured the funk-inspired Fame, which became Bowies first number-one hit in the US. Hall & Oates 1975 Silver Album includes the ballad Sara Smile, shes Gone, another soulful hit, was originally released in 1973 but did better as a re-release after Sara Smile. Boz Scaggs 1976 Lowdown, which featured Scaggs laid-back vocals and a funky groove. In April 1976, The Faragher Brothers became the first all-white ensemble to make an appearance on Soul Train. In September that year, white funk band Wild Cherry released the Billboard Hot 100 chart topping funk/rock single Play That Funky Music, the single would eventually sell 2.5 million copies
6.
Country pop
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Country pop is a subgenre of country music and pop music that was developed by members of the Country genre out of a desire to reach a larger, mainstream audience. It is a continuation of efforts that began in the late 1950s originally known as Nashville sound. By the mid-1970s, many artists were transitioning to the pop-country sound which led to some records charting high on mainstream top 40 as well as country Billboard charts. According to Bill Ivey, this genre originated in Nashville, Tennessee. He believes that the Nashville Sound often produced records that sounded more pop than country, after the removal of the fiddle, Patsy Cline, Jim Reeves, and Eddy Arnold were among the most popular artists during this time. This was intended to have country singers gain more success in pop music, the first male artists to come out of this new genre were Jim Reeves and Eddy Arnold, who both grew to have widespread acceptance among both country and pop music listeners. Both Jim Reeves and Eddy Arnold had major influence on their RCA labelmate Elvis Presley, apparent not only in secular songs, the first female country singer to emerge from this new genre was Patsy Cline in the early 1960s. The example she created was followed by female country artists, such as Lynn Anderson, Crystal Gayle and Shania Twain. Country pop found its first widespread acceptance during the 1970s and it started when pop music singers, like Glen Campbell, John Denver, Olivia Newton-John and Anne Murray, began having hits on the country charts. Songs like Campbells Rhinestone Cowboy were among the biggest crossover hits in country music history and these pop-oriented singers thought that they could gain higher record sales and a larger audience if they crossed over into the country world. One of the artists who did this was Olivia Newton-John, who emerged from Australia in the mid-1970s, a group of artists, troubled by this trend, formed the Association of Country Entertainers in 1974. The debate raged into 1975, and reached its apex at that years Country Music Association Awards when reigning Entertainer of the Year Charlie Rich presented the award to his successor, as he read Denvers name, Rich set fire to the envelope with a cigarette lighter. The action was taken in some quarters as a protest against the pop style in country music. However, the ACE would only last two years, its two biggest backers, firm traditionalists George Jones and Tammy Wynette, faced a bitter divorce. In 1979 Barbara Mandrell had her highest crossover hit with her number 1 song I Dont Want to Be Right It charted number 31 on the Billboard Top 40, several of her other hits charted well on the adult contemporary charts and the Bubbling under 100 charts. Mandrell also did countrypolitan style music on her Barbara Mandrell & the Mandrell Sisters show and she had R & B artists, pop artists and country artists featured every week. It was the last successful musical variety show on TV and she is also known for her Blue-Eyed Soul sound. She was given the nickname The Princess of Steel, for her ability at the steel guitar and she was one of country musics most successful crossover artists during the 1970s and 1980s
7.
MCA Records
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MCA Records was an American-based record company owned by MCA Inc. which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group, of which MCA Records was still part. MCAs country division, MCA Nashville, is an active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville. MCA was forced to exit the talent agency business in order to complete the merger, as American Decca owned Universal Pictures, MCA assumed full ownership of Universal and made it into the top film studio in town, producing hit after hit. In 1966, MCA formed Uni Records and in 1967 purchased Kapp Records which was placed under Uni Records management. In 1937, the owner of Decca, E. R. Lewis, chose to split off the U. K. Decca company from the U. S. company, companies if the emerging hostilities of Nazi Germany should lead to war – correctly foreseeing World War II. Lewis sold the remainder of his U. S. Decca holdings when war did break out, MCAs U. S. -based Decca Records kept the rights to the Decca name in North and South America and parts of Asia including Japan. U. K. Decca owned the rights to the Decca name in the rest of the world, after the war, British Decca formed a new U. S. subsidiary, London Records. During this time U. S. Decca issued records outside North America on the Brunswick, in 1967, Brunswick and Coral were replaced by the MCA label to release U. S. Decca and Kapp label material outside North America. Initial activity as MCA Records was based in London and MCA Records UK was formally launched on February 16,1968. Among the early artists on the MCA label, around 1971, were groups Wishbone Ash, Osibisa, Stackridge and Budgie, early MCA releases were distributed by U. K. Decca but it moved to EMI in 1974. In 1979, distribution moved to CBS, while the last releases in the 1980s were self-distributed, as the U. S. division of MCA Records was not established until 1972, the earliest U. K. MCA Records material was released in the U. S. on either Kapp or Decca, Uni label material was issued on the Uni label worldwide. In 1970, MCA reorganized its Canadian record company Compo Company Ltd. into MCA Records, in April 1970, former Warner Bros. Records president Mike Maitland joined MCA and initially served as Deccas general manager. Maitland was unsuccessful in his attempt to consolidate Warner Bros. Records with co-owned Atlantic Records which led to his departure from Warner, the three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were retired in favor of the MCA label in 1973. Drift Away by Dobie Gray became the final Decca pop label release in the U. S in 1973. Beginning the same year the catalogs of Decca, Uni and Kapp were reissued in the U. S. on the MCA label under the supervision of veteran Decca producer Milt Gabler. The first MCA Records release in the U. S. was former Uni artist Elton Johns Crocodile Rock single in 1972, MCA label used a black with curved rainbow design until the late 1970s. This design was inspired by the U. S. Decca label of the 1960s
8.
Universal Music Group Nashville
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Universal Music Group Nashville is Universal Music Groups country music subsidiary. Some of the labels in this group include MCA Nashville Records, Mercury Nashville Records, Lost Highway Records, Capitol Records Nashville, in 1947, Cohen hired Owen Bradley as his assistant working in Nashville. The country music moved to Nashville in 1955 as much of the country music recording business was locating there. Bradley succeeded Cohen as head of Deccas Nashville division in 1958, Decca Nashville was renamed MCA Nashville in 1973. In 1979, MCA Nashville absorbed the country music roster and back catalogue of ABC Records including the Dot Records catalogue. In the early 1980s, MCA Nashville signed Reba McEntire and George Strait, while Decca resumed issuing country music in February 2008, the current Decca country music department has no connection with UMG Nashville. However, MCA Nashville continues to reissue past country releases from Decca, with the absorption of MCA Records into Geffen Records in 2003, MCA Nashville, apart from UMGs operations in the Philippines, is now the only unit of Universal Music to still use the MCA name. The still active Mercury Records was formed in Chicago in 1945 issuing recordings in a variety of genres including country music, the Nashville office of Mercury began as a joint venture between Mercury and Pappy Dailys established country music record label Starday Records in January 1957. In July 1958, the Mercury/Starday joint venture was dissolved and Starday record producer Shelby Singleton stayed on with Mercury in Nashville, Singleton left Mercury in 1966 to form his own company which bought Sun Records in 1969. In 1997, PolyGram, which owned Mercury, consolidated all its Nashville operations under the Mercury name, the consolidations in Nashville which created UMG Nashville kept the Mercury Nashville imprint active. Reissues of country music recordings first issued on the MGM, Polydor, Capitol Records Nashville is a major United States-based record label located in Nashville Tennessee operating as part of the Capitol Music Group. Capitol Nashville was formerly known as Liberty Records from 1991 until 1995 when it was changed back to Capitol, in 1993 Liberty opened a sister label, Patriot Records, but it was closed in 1995. In 1999 EMI launched Virgin Records Nashville but by 2001 Capitol absorbed the short-lived label, Capitol Nashville remained a stand- alone label until 2010 when it launched EMI Nashville. Capitol Nashville is also home to several successful artists who remain on their roster today. On March 23,2011, Alan Jackson signed with Capitols EMI Nashville division in conjunction with his own ACR Records label, in late 2012 Capitol Records Nashville became part of the Universal Music Group after a merger between EMI and UMG. EMI Records Nashville was formed in 2010 and served as a label to Capitol Records Nashville. Its flagship artist was Troy Olsen, other artists signed to EMI include Eric Church and Alan Jackson. Universal Music Group acquired EMI in 2012, EMI is currently a part of UMG along with sister label Capitol Records Nashville
9.
Pure Prairie League
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Pure Prairie League is an American country rock band whose roots go back to 1965 and Waverly, Ohio, with Craig Fuller, Tom McGrail, Jim Caughlan, and John David Call. In 1970 McGrail named the band after a fictional 19th century temperance union featured in the 1939 Errol Flynn cowboy film Dodge City, the band had five consecutive Top 40 LPs in the 1970s and added a sixth in the 1980s. The band has had a run, active from the 1970s through the late 1980s and was revived in the late 1990s for a time. As of 2016, they are doing at least 100 shows a year. Although the band has its roots in Waverly, Ohio, it was formed in Columbus and had its first success in Cincinnati. Craig Fuller, Tom McGrail, Jim Caughlan, and John David Call had played together in bands since high school, notably the Omars. Calls steel guitar added country credibility and sparked guitar duels with Fuller that reinforced the signature sound of the band and they rose to popularity as the house band at New Dillys Pub in the Mt. Washington section of Cincinnati. In 1971 McGrail and Stokes left the band to rehearse with Bill Bartlett, Jim Caughlan, whod played guitar and drums with Fuller, Call, and McGrail in earlier bands, took over on drums and Jim Lanham from California replaced Stokes. Early on, the Pure Prairie League was looking for national artist representation and they contact with a well-known Cleveland based rock. At the behest of Jim Westermeyer, Pure Prairie Leagues roadie, Abramson saw the band at New Dillys Pub, Abramson was able to obtain a contract with RCA Records. He then placed Pure Prairie League as an act with many of the concerts he was producing. After releasing their album in March 1972 and embarking on a nationwide tour, Call, Caughlan. At that point the band owed RCA another album, Fuller, Powell, and producer Bob Ringe decided to record the album in RCAs Toronto studio. So in the summer of 1972, they work on album number two, Bustin Out, which was produced, as was their debut, by Ringe and featured the songs of Fuller. Billy Hinds from Cincinnati joined the band and Hindss friend, Michael Connor, contributed piano to the sessions, mick Ronson, of David Bowie and Mott the Hoople fame, contributed string arrangements on several tracks, most notably Boulder Skies and Call Me Tell Me. Michael Reilly, who would become the bass player and front man for the band, joined them in early September 1972. Bustin Out was released in October 1972, shortly afterward, the group returned to Ohio and Fuller had to face trial for charges of draft evasion in Kentucky. Before conscientious objector status could be arranged, he was sentenced to six months in jail, at this point, RCA dropped the band and their future looked bleak
10.
Rodney Crowell
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Rodney Crowell is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs and he has also written songs and produced for other artists. He was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt, Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris Hot Band. He has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song After All This Time, Crowell was born on August 7,1950 in Crosby, Texas, to James Walter Crowell and Addie Cauzette Willoughby. He had come from a family, with one grandfather being a church choir leader. His grandmother played guitar and his father sang semi-professionally at bars, at age 11, he starting playing drums in his fathers band. In his teen years, he played in garage rock bands in Houston. In August 1972 he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in search of a musical career and he later met and befriended fellow songwriter Guy Clark, who became a major influence on his songwriting and vice versa. While there, he said, I got a real cold splash in the face of what songwriting is about. I started filling my mind with as many symbols and images as I could, I got real hungry to have something to contribute. Emmylou Harris had recorded one of Crowells songs, Bluebird Wine, on her Pieces of the Sky album and made a request to meet him. After he sat in with Emmylou at her gig at the Armadillo World Headquarters in early January 1975, she asked him to play guitar in her backing band. He accepted and left the day to join Emmylou in Los Angeles. In 1977 as a project, he formed a musical group, The Cherry Bombs, together with Vince Gill, Tony Brown. One year later, he signed a deal with Warner Bros. Records and in late 1978, released his debut album. His debut album, as well his following two albums, But What Will the Neighbors Think and Rodney Crowell, were not commercially successful despite garnering a cult following. Crowell himself criticized his debut album for not translating onto vinyl the same clarity and his single Ashes by Now from But What Will the Neighbors Think reached No.37 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1981. Though he had several country hits by artists covering his songs
11.
Ricky Skaggs
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Rickie Lee Ricky Skaggs, is an American country and bluegrass singer, musician, producer, and composer. He primarily plays mandolin, however, he also plays fiddle, guitar, mandocaster, Skaggs was born in Cordell, Kentucky. He started playing music at age 5 after he was given a mandolin by his father, at age 6, he played mandolin and sang on stage with Bill Monroe. At age 7, he appeared on televisions Martha White country music variety show, playing with Lester Flatt and he also wanted to audition for the Grand Ole Opry at that time, but was told he was too young. In his mid-teens, Skaggs met a fellow teen guitarist, Keith Whitley, by 1970, they had earned a spot opening for Ralph Stanley and Skaggs and Keith Whitley were thereafter invited to join Stanleys band, the Clinch Mountain Boys. Skaggs later joined The Country Gentlemen in Washington, DC, J. D. Crowes New South, in 1976, Skaggs formed progressive bluegrass band Boone Creek, including members Vince Gill and Jerry Douglas. For a few years, Skaggs was a member of Emmylou Harriss Hot Band and he wrote the arrangements for Harriss 1980 bluegrass-roots album, Roses in the Snow. In addition to arranging for Harris, Skaggs sang harmony and played mandolin, Skaggs launched his own country career in 1980, achieving 12 #1 hits,8 CMA awards, and 8 ACM awards. In 1982, he became a member of the Grand Ole Opry, guitarist and producer Chet Atkins credited Skaggs with single-handedly saving country music. In the 1990s and 2000s, Skaggs went back to his bluegrass roots, with his band, Kentucky Thunder, he is a perennial winner of Grammy Awards and International Bluegrass Music Association for best bluegrass album. In 2000, he shared the stage with Vermont-based jam band, on March 20,2007, Skaggs released an album with rock musician Bruce Hornsby. In 2008, Skaggs released an album he recorded with The Whites on his Skaggs Family Records label, in 2008, Skaggs recorded a bluegrass version of Old Enough by the Raconteurs with Ashley Monroe and the Raconteurs. He played mandolin on the track as well as sharing vocals with Jack White, Brendan Benson, in 2011, Skaggs with other Bluegrass musicians featured with Irish band, The Brock McGuire Band on their album Green Grass Blue Grass. An exploration of the connection between Irish Traditional Music and American Bluegrass and Appalachian music, also in 2011, Skaggs contributed to Moody Bluegrass TWO. Much Love, a bluegrass tribute album to the British Progressive Rock band The Moody Blues. Skaggs sang lead vocal on the song You And Me, in 2012, Skaggs collaborated with Barry Gibb on the song, Soldiers Son which was released on Music to My Ears. In 2015, Skaggs toured with Ry Cooder, Sharon White, Skaggs has been married to Sharon White of The Whites since August 1981. They have a daughter, Molly, and a son, Lucas, Skaggs was previously married to Brenda Stanley and has two children, Andrew and Mandy, from that relationship
12.
Eagles (band)
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The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, and Randy Meisner. With five number-one singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six number one albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and their Greatest Hits was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U. S. They are the music act and the highest-selling American band in U. S. history. The band released their album, Eagles, in 1972. Their next album, Desperado, was successful than the first, only reaching number 41 on the charts. However, the album does contain what would go on to be two of the bands most popular tracks, Desperado and Tequila Sunrise, the band released On the Border in 1974, adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album. The album generated two top 40 singles, Already Gone and their first number one, Best of My Love. Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles, One of These Nights, Lyin Eyes, and Take It to the Limit, guitarist and vocalist, Joe Walsh, also joined the band in 1975. The album yielded two singles, New Kid in Town and Hotel California. The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over and they toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2007, the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden, their first full album in 28 years. The next year launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album. In 2013, they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the bands documentary release, following the death of Frey in January 2016, Henley stated in several interviews that he didnt think the band would perform again. However, in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017, the Eagles began in early 1971, when Linda Ronstadt and then-manager John Boylan recruited local musicians Glenn Frey and Don Henley for her band. While on the tour, Frey and Henley decided to form a band together, Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band, and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together. They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board and these four played live together behind Ronstadt only once for a July concert at Disneyland, but all four appeared on her eponymous album. It was later proposed that J. D. Souther should join the band, the four were signed in September 1971 to Asylum Records, the new label started by David Geffen, who was introduced to Frey by Jackson Browne
13.
The Time Jumpers
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The Time Jumpers are a Western swing ensemble formed in 1998 in Nashville, Tennessee. The Time Jumpers began as a practice session, the group started playing occasional gigs in the Nashville area until they were offered a regular slot playing at the Station Inn. In 2007, the recorded a live album entitled Jumpin Time. They were nominated for two Grammy awards, Best Country Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals for the song Sweet Memories, in 2012, the group recorded the album entitled The Time Jumpers. The groups lineup has changed frequently, performed with LeAnn Rimes on the song Blue from Lady & Gentlemen. Performed with Vince Gill on the song Buttermilk John from Guitar Slinger, performed with Miranda Lambert on the song All Thats Left from Platinum. Performed with Asleep at the Wheel on the song Faded Love from Still the King, Celebrating the Music of Bob Wills, performed with Willie Nelson on the album For the Good Times, A Tribute to Ray Price. The Time Jumpers The Time Jumpers Play NYCs Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts at the Huffington Post
14.
Multi-instrumentalist
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A multi-instrumentalist is a musician who plays two or more musical instruments at a professional level. Multi-instrumentalists who play closely related instruments, a known as doubling are common in orchestra, in jazz, in music theatre pit orchestras. Popular music composers and songwriters are often multi-instrumentalists, some musicians unions or associations specify a higher rate of pay for musicians who double on two or more instruments for a performance or recording. The European Piffari, Stadtpfeifer and Waits were multi-instrumentalists, who played trumpet, sackbut, shawm, cornett, recorder, musicians with an education of a Stadtpfeifer were Gottfried Reiche, Johann Joachim Quantz, Johann Christof Pezel and Sigmund Theophil Staden. Also many European church musicians of the 17th and 18th centuries were multi-instrumentalists, georg Philipp Telemann for example played violin, viola da gamba, recorder, flauto traverso, oboe, shawm, sackbut and double bass. Some famous classical composer-performers could play multiple instruments at a level, such as Mozart. Music written for symphony orchestra usually calls for a section featuring a number of musicians who might each play a variety of different instruments during a performance. Orchestras will also often, but not always, call for members of the woodwind section to be multi-instrumentalists. This is sometimes referred to as doubling, typically, for example, one flute player in the orchestra will switch to playing the piccolo or alto flute when called to by the score. Similarly, clarinet players may double on clarinet, oboe players on cor anglais. Trumpet players may switch to piccolo trumpet for certain Baroque literature, organ players are also commonly expected to master the harpsichord as well. Doubling elsewhere in the orchestra is rare, with musical theatre pit orchestras, woodwind players are expected to play a large number of woodwind instruments. Many professional jazz musicians have become multi-instrumentalists, in the swing big band era, woodwind players were expected to be able to play multiple woodwind instruments. Some jazz saxophonists are offered gigs where they are required to play clarinet. So they spend time learning the differences and then continue to develop their ability over the rest of musical careers, dolphy was also frequently recorded on bass clarinet. In the early years of jazz, when the genre was linked to the marching band genre. From the 1950s onwards and particularly since the development of fusion in the late 1960s. Notable examples of bassists who are virtuosi on both instruments include Stanley Clarke and John Patitucci, many jazz instrumentalists whose main instrument is a horn or bass also play jazz piano, because piano is an excellent instrument for composing, arranging, and developing greater harmonic knowledge
15.
Country rock
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Country rock is subgenre of popular music, formed from the fusion of rock and country. It was developed by musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late-1960s and early-1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes, vocal styles, country rock began with Bob Dylan and The Byrds, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Emmylou Harris, the Eagles, Michael Nesmith, Poco and Pure Prairie League. Country rock also influenced artists in genres, including The Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones. It also played a part in the development of Southern rock, john Einarson states, From a variety of perspectives and motivations, these musicians either played rock & roll attitude, or added a country feel to rock, or folk, or bluegrass, there was no formula. Dylans lead was followed by The Byrds, who were joined by Gram Parsons in 1968. Parsons had mixed country with rock, blues and folk to create what he called Cosmic American Music. Earlier in the year Parsons had released Safe at Home with the International Submarine Band, the result of Parsons brief tenure in the Byrds was Sweetheart of the Rodeo, generally considered one of the finest and most influential recordings in the genre. Country rock was a popular style in the California music scene of the late 1960s. Some folk-rockers followed the Byrds into the genre, among them the Beau Brummels, one of the few acts to successfully move from the country side towards rock were the bluegrass band The Dillards. Former members of Ronstadts backing band went on to form the Eagles, however, the principal country influence in the Eagles came from Bernie Leadon of the Flying Burrito Brothers, and little country influence was left in the band after he left in late 1975. The genre declined in popularity in the late 1970s, but some established artists, List of country rock albums List of country rock musicians
16.
Duet
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A duet is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece. It is often used to describe a composition involving two singers and it differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. In classical music, the term is most often used for a composition for two singers or pianists, a piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is referred to as piano duet or piano four hands. A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is referred to as a piano duo, duet is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet. The word is occasionally used in reference to non-musical activities performed together by two people. A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, when Mozart was young, he and his sister Marianne played a duet of his composition at a London concert in 1765. The four-hand, described as a duet, was in many of his compositions included five sonatas. The first published sonata or duet was in 1777, in Renaissance music, a duet specifically intended as a teaching tool, to be performed by teacher and student, was called a bicinium. Duets have always been a part of the structure of operas, early 16th-century operas such as LOrfeo and Lincoronazione di Poppea involve duets throughout the performance. In 17th-century Italy duets were often used in comic scenes within serious operas, in Baroque France the duet was popular in tragedies, such as songs of vengeance and confrontation. The love duet was characterized by singing in close harmonies of 3rds and 6ths, some songs were written to be heard as conversations, such as Baby, Its Cold Outside. Others were performed around a theme, for example New York in Empire State of Mind, occasionally duets are an improvisation between artists, such as Under Pressure. David Bowie and Freddie Mercury reportedly composed the lyrics in a day by improvising together, the dictionary definition of duet at Wiktionary
17.
Country Music Association
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The Country Music Association was founded in 1958 in Nashville, Tennessee. It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre, however the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall. Initially, CMAs Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers, wesley Rose, president of Acuff-Rose Publishing, Inc. served as CMAs first chairman of the board. Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president, originally there were nine individual membership categories. The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry, CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music, directly and substantially. The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville, sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event, which was not televised. The winner of the first Entertainer of the Year award was singer Eddy Arnold, male Vocalist of the Year went to Jack Greene and Female Vocalist of the Year to Loretta Lynn. In 1968, Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards, the first live telecast of the show was in 1969. The CMA also gives a CMA Broadcast Award to country-formatted radio stations each year, Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size, major market, large market, medium market and small market. A single station cannot win the award in consecutive years, in honor of the associations 50th anniversary, MCA Nashville released a song called Forever Country
18.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
19.
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
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Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world’s most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world’s largest and most active popular music research centers, through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1,1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a small Nashville city park, at this point, artifacts began to be displayed and a small library was begun in a loft above one of the museum’s galleries. At the outset, CMA staff had run the museum, but by 1972 the museum acquired its own small staff, which has steadily increased to over 150 full-time professionals. Building expansion took place in 1974,1977, and 1984 to store and display the museum’s growing collection of costumes, films, historic cars, musical instruments, and other artifacts. To become more accessible, in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new,130,000 square feet facility in the heart of downtown Nashville’s arts and entertainment district. In 2014, the museum unveiled a $100 million expansion, doubling its size to 350,000 square feet of galleries, archival storage, education classrooms, retail stores, and special event space. The story is revealed through artifacts, photographs, and text panels, recorded sound, vintage video, sing Me Back Home is enhanced by numerous, rotating limited-engagement exhibits. In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum has developed multiple platforms to make its collection accessible to a wider audience. From weekly instrument demonstrations to its flagship songwriting program for schools, Words & Music, the Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association, the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962, the most recent inductees are Jerry Reed, Don Schlitz and Alan Jackson. Over the Hall of Fame’s history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one to twelve, the election procedure is as follows, A small CMA nominating committee drafts slates of candidates from each category, categories have been defined variously over the years. Award recipients are determined through a two-stage balloting process, the first round of voting narrows each category to five candidates, the second round selects winners. The large select committee of electors that votes on Hall of Fame membership is composed of CMA members who have participated in the music industry for at least ten years. New Hall of Fame members receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame, today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum’s enlarged downtown Nashville facility. The museum’s archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum’s collection, hundreds of historic musical instruments, featuring Mother Maybelle Carter’s Gibson L-5, Earl Scruggs’s banjo, Bob Wills’ fiddle, and Bill Monroe’s mandolin. Oral histories, scrapbooks, correspondence, fan club newsletters, sheet music, periodicals, iconic Vehicles, Elvis Presley’s 1960 “Solid Gold” Cadillac limousine, Webb Pierce’s 1962 Pontiac Bonneville convertible, and Jerry Reed’s 1980 Pontiac Trans Am from Smokey and the Bandit II. When viewed from the air, the forms a massive bass clef
20.
Joe Walsh
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Joseph Fidler Joe Walsh is an American singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Walsh has been a member of five rock bands, James Gang, Barnstorm, the Eagles, The Party Boys. In the 1990s, he was also a member of the short-lived supergroup The Best and he has also experienced success both as a solo artist and prolific session musician, being featured on a wide array of other artists recordings. In 2011, Rolling Stone placed Walsh at the number 54 spot on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time, while the band would stay together for three albums over three years, their works were marketed as Walsh solo projects. The last Barnstorm album, 1974s So What contained significant guest contributions from members of the Eagles. In 1998 a readers poll conducted by Guitarist magazine selected the guitar solos on the track Hotel California by Walsh, Guitar World magazine listed it at eighth of the Top 100 Guitar Solos. Besides his work with his bands, he has released twelve solo studio albums, six compilation albums. His solo hits include Rocky Mountain Way, Lifes Been Good, All Night Long, A Life of Illusion and Ordinary Average Guy. As a member of the Eagles, Walsh was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, the Eagles are considered to be one of the most influential bands of the 1970s, and they remain the best-selling American band in the history of popular music. Ive loved his style since the early James Gang, Eric Clapton said that Hes one of the best guitarists to surface in some time. I dont listen to records, but I listen to his. The Whos guitarist Pete Townshend, a friend of Walshs, commented that Joe Walsh is a fluid, therere not many like that around. Joseph Fidler Walsh was born on November 20,1947, in Wichita, Kansas, Walshs mother was a classically trained pianist of Scottish and German ancestry, and Walsh was adopted by his stepfather at the age of five after his biological father was killed in a plane crash. Walsh and his family lived in Columbus, Ohio, for a number of years during his youth, when Walsh was twelve years old, his family moved to New York City. Later, Walsh moved to Montclair, New Jersey, and he attended Montclair High School, inspired by the success of the Beatles, he replaced Bruce Hoffman as the bass player in the locally popular group the Nomads in Montclair, beginning his career as a rock musician. After high school, Walsh attended Kent State University, where he spent time in bands playing around the Cleveland area. The Measles recorded for Super K Productions Ohio Express, I Find I Think of You, And Its True, after one term, he dropped out of university to pursue his musical career. The Measles, an Ohio garage bar band, were formed in 1965 by four Kent State University students, one of whom was Joe Walsh
21.
Glenn Frey
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Glenn Lewis Frey was an American singer, songwriter and actor, best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles. Frey was the singer and frontman for the Eagles, roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley. Frey played guitar, piano, and keyboards and he sang lead vocals on songs such as Take It Easy, Peaceful Easy Feeling, Tequila Sunrise, Already Gone, Lyin Eyes, New Kid in Town, and Heartache Tonight. After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980, Frey embarked on a solo career. As a member of the Eagles, Frey won six Grammy Awards, the Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, the first year they were nominated. Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles, Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100, Frey was born in Detroit, Michigan. Growing up in Royal Oak, Michigan, he studied piano at age five, later switched to guitar, and became part of the mid-1960s Detroit rock scene. Immediately after graduating from Dondero in 1966, he was invited to join The Four of Us, Frey also attended Oakland Community College while in the band, and he learned to sing harmonies performing with The Four of Us. In 1967, He formed the Mushrooms with Gary Burrows brother Jeff, Bill Barnes, Doug Gunch and that year Frey also met Bob Seger, who helped Frey get a management and recording contract with a label formed by Segers management team, Hideout Records. Seger also wrote and produced the bands first single, Such a Lovely Child, Frey had intended to join Segers group but his mother blocked that course of action for smoking cannabis with Seger. In the later part of 1967, Frey also pulled together another band called Heavy Metal Kids with Jeff Burrows, Jeff Alborell, Paul Kelcourse, in 1968, at age 19, Frey played the acoustic guitar and performed background vocals on Segers single, Ramblin Gamblin Man. Frey has said that Seger strongly encouraged and influenced him to focus on writing original songs and they remained good friends and occasional songwriting partners in later years, and Frey would also sing on Segers songs such as Fire Lake and Against the Wind. In Detroit, Frey also met and dated Joan Sliwin of the female group The Mama Cats. Frey went to Los Angeles hoping to reconnect with his girlfriend, and he was introduced to J. D. Souther by her sister, Alexandra Sliwin, who was with Souther at the time. Frey returned to Detroit after three weeks, but then went back again to Los Angeles to form a duo with Souther called Longbranch Pennywhistle. They were signed to Amos Records and released an album in 1969, which contains songs he wrote such as Run, Boy, Run and Rebecca. Frey also met Jackson Browne during this period, the three musicians lived in the same apartment building for a short time, and Frey later said that he learned a lot about songwriting from hearing Browne work on songs in the apartment below. Frey met drummer Don Henley in 1970 and they were signed to the same label, Amos Records, at that time and both spent time at the Troubadour
22.
Amy Grant
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Amy Lee Grant is an American singer, songwriter, musician, author, media personality and actress. She is known for performing contemporary Christian music and for a crossover to pop music in the 1980s and 1990s. She has been referred to as The Queen of Christian Pop, as of 2009, she had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy Awards and 22 Gospel Music Association Dove Awards, and had the first Christian album ever to go Platinum. She was honored with a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 for her contributions to the entertainment industry and she made her debut as a teenager, and gained fame in Christian music during the 1980s with such hits as Fathers Eyes, El Shaddai, and Angels. In the mid-1980s, she began broadening her audience and soon one of the first CCM artists to cross over into mainstream pop on the heels of her successful albums Unguarded. In 1986, she scored her first Billboard Hot 100 No.1 song in a duet with Peter Cetera, The Next Time I Fall. S. and producing her second No.1 pop single Baby Baby. She is the author of books, including a memoir, Mosaic, Pieces of My Life So Far. Born in Augusta, Georgia, Grant is the youngest of four sisters and her family settled in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1967. She is a great-granddaughter of Nashville philanthropist A. M. Burton and she has acknowledged the influence of the Burtons on her development as a musician, starting with their common membership in Nashvilles Ashwood Church of Christ. In 1976, Grant wrote her first song, performed in public for the first time at Harpeth Hall School and she recorded a demo tape for her parents with church youth-leader Brown Bannister. When Bannister was dubbing a copy of the tape, Chris Christian and he played it over the phone, and she was offered a recording contract, five weeks before her 16th birthday. In 1977, she recorded her first album titled Amy Grant, produced by Brown Bannister and it was released in early 1978, one month before her high-school graduation. Toward the end of 1978 she performed her first ticketed concert after beginning her first year at Furman University. In May 1979, while at the party for her second album, My Fathers Eyes, Grant met Gary Chapman. Grant and Chapman toured together in mid-1979, in late 1980, she transferred to Vanderbilt University, where she was a member of the sorority Kappa Alpha Theta. It was during these shows that Grant also established one of her concert trademarks. To date, Grant continues to take off her shoes midway through performances,1982 saw the release of her breakthrough album Age to Age. The album contains the track, El Shaddai and the Grant-Chapman penned song
23.
Lawyer
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A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, in practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As a result, the meaning of the lawyer may vary from place to place. In Australia, the lawyer is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors. In Canada, the word lawyer refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or. Common law lawyers in Canada are formally and properly called barristers and solicitors, however, in Quebec, civil law advocates often call themselves attorney and sometimes barrister and solicitor in English. The Legal Services Act 2007 defines the activities that may only be performed by a person who is entitled to do so pursuant to the Act. Lawyer is not a protected title, in India, the term lawyer is often colloquially used, but the official term is advocate as prescribed under the Advocates Act,1961. In Scotland, the word refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors, in a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff. In the United States, the term refers to attorneys who may practice law. It is never used to refer to patent agents or paralegals, in fact, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law. Other nations tend to have terms for the analogous concept. In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners. Several countries that originally had two or more legal professions have since fused or united their professions into a type of lawyer. Most countries in this category are common law countries, though France, in countries with fused professions, a lawyer is usually permitted to carry out all or nearly all the responsibilities listed below. Arguing a clients case before a judge or jury in a court of law is the province of the barrister in England. However, the boundary between barristers and solicitors has evolved, in England today, the barrister monopoly covers only appellate courts, and barristers must compete directly with solicitors in many trial courts
24.
Administrative law
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Administrative law is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. Government agency action can include rulemaking, adjudication, or the enforcement of a regulatory agenda. Administrative law is considered a branch of public law, civil law countries often have specialized courts, administrative courts, that review these decisions. In Brazil, unlike most Civil-law jurisdictions, there is no specialized court or section to deal with administrative cases, in 1998, a constitutional reform, led by the government of the President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, introduced regulatory agencies as a part of the executive branch. The President of the Republic exercises the function, in collaboration with several Ministries or other authorities with ministerial rank. Each Ministry has one or more under-secretary that performs through public services the actual satisfaction of public needs, there is not a single specialized court to deal with actions against the Administrative entities, but instead there are several specialized courts and procedures of review. Administrative law in the Peoples Republic of China was virtually non-existent before the reform era initiated by Deng Xiaoping. In 1990, the Administrative Supervision Regulations and the Administrative Reconsideration Regulations were passed, the three regulations have been amended and upgraded into laws. In 1994, the State Compensation Law was passed, followed by the Administrative Penalties Law in 1996, Administrative Compulsory Law was enforced in 2012. Adiministrative Litigation Law was amended in 2014. The General Administrative Procedure Law is under way, the main administrative courts are the tribunaux administratifs and appeal courts are the cours administratives dappel. Special administrative courts include the National Court of Asylum Right as well as military, the French body of administrative law is called droit administratif. It is a part of the law, which deals with the organization, the tasks. Administrative law in Germany follows three basic principles, principle of the legality of the authority, which means that there is no acting against the law and no acting without a law. The general administration law is ruled in the Administrative Procedures Law. Other legal sources are the Rules of the Administrative Courts, the security code. The Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz, which was enacted in 1977, regulates the main administrative procedures of the federal government and it serves the purpose to ensure a treatment in accordance with the rule of law by the public authority. Furthermore, it contains the regulations for mass processes and expands the legal protection against the authorities, the VwVfG basically applies for the entire public administrative activities of federal agencies as well as federal state authorities, in case of making federal law. One of the clause is §35 VwVfG
25.
Judge
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A judge presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, the judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court. In some jurisdictions, the judges powers may be shared with a jury, in inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation, a judge might also be an examining magistrate. A variety of traditions have become associated with the rank or occupation, in many parts of the world, judges wear long robes and sit on an elevated platform during trials. In some countries, especially in the Commonwealth of Nations, judges wear wigs, the long wig often associated with judges is now reserved for ceremonial occasions, although it was part of the standard attire in previous centuries. A short wig resembling but not identical to a wig would be worn in court. This tradition, however, is being phased out in Britain in non-criminal courts, American judges frequently wear black robes. American judges have ceremonial gavels, although American judges have court deputies or bailiffs, however, in some of the Western United States, like California, judges did not always wear robes and instead wore everyday clothing. Today, some members of state courts, such as the Maryland Court of Appeals wear distinct dress. In Italy and Portugal both judges and lawyers wear black robes. In Oman, the judge wears a stripe, while the attorneys wear the black gown. In Hong Kong, court proceedings are conducted in either English or Cantonese Chinese, Judges of Hong Kong retain many of the English traditions such as wearing wigs and robes in trials. In the lower courts, magistrates are addressed as Your worship, in writing, the post-nominal letters PJ is used to refer to a permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal and NPJ to a non-permanent judge. In the High Court, the abbreviation JA is used to denote a justice of appeal, Masters of the High Court are addressed as Master. When trials are conducted in Chinese, judges were addressed, in Cantonese, as Fat Goon Dai Yan before the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, and as Fat Goon Gok Ha since 1997. In India, judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts were addressed as Your Lordship or My Lord and Your Ladyship or My Lady, the Bar Council of India had adopted a resolution in April 2006 and added a new Rule 49 in the Advocates Act. As per the rule, lawyers can address the court as Your Honour, if it is a subordinate court, lawyers can use terms such as sir or any equivalent phrase in the regional language concerned. Explaining the rationale behind the move, the Bar Council had held that the such as My Lord
26.
Northwest Classen High School
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Northwest Classen High School is a public high school serving students in grades 9-12 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Northwest Classen High School was built in 1955 to accommodate the population in the northwest corridor of Oklahoma City. Along with Classen School of Advanced Studies, it was named for Anton H. Classen, as the neighborhoods around Northwest Classen have changed, so has the cultural makeup of the campus. Initially an almost all-Caucasian school, the population has become more multi-cultural. Today, the enrollment in the school is nearly an equal split of Hispanic, African American, mason Williams – Recording Artist Edward Ruscha – Artist William A. Special Advisor to U. S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner while establishing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Kirk Humphreys – Former Mayor of Oklahoma City Skip Bayless – Sports Broadcaster William Citty – Chief of Police, Oklahoma City J. Clifford Hudson – Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Sonic Corp
27.
Louisville, Kentucky
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Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 30th-most populous city in the United States. It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being the states second-largest city of Lexington, Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County. Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark and is named after King Louis XVI of France, making Louisville one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachian Mountains. Sited beside the Falls of the Ohio, the major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Its main airport is also the site of United Parcel Services worldwide air hub, since 2003, Louisvilles borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County because of a city-county merger. The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, the citys total consolidated population as of the 2014 census estimate was 760,026. However, the total of 612,780 excludes other incorporated places and semiautonomous towns within the county and is the population listed in most sources. As of 2014, the MSA had a population of 1,269,702, the history of Louisville spans hundreds of years, and has been influenced by the areas geography and location. The rapids at the Falls of the Ohio created a barrier to river travel, the first European settlement in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on Corn Island in 1778 by Col. George Rogers Clark, credited as the founder of Louisville. Several landmarks in the community are named after him, two years later, in 1780, the Virginia General Assembly approved the town charter of Louisville. The city was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France, early residents lived in forts to protect themselves from Indian raids, but moved out by the late 1780s. In 1803, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark organized their expedition across America in the town of Clarksville, Indiana at the present-day Falls of the Ohio opposite Louisville, Kentucky. The citys early growth was influenced by the fact river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had swelled to 7,000, the city grew rapidly in its formative years. Louisville was a shipping port and slaves worked in a variety of associated trades. The city was often a point of escape for slaves to the north, during the Civil War, Louisville was a major stronghold of Union forces, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting, and transportation for numerous campaigns, by the end of the war, Louisville had not been attacked, although skirmishes and battles, including the battles of Perryville and Corydon, took place nearby
28.
Mark Knopfler
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Mark Freuder Knopfler, OBE is a British singer, songwriter, guitarist, record producer and film score composer. He is best known as the lead guitarist, lead singer and songwriter for the rock band Dire Straits, since Dire Straits disbanded in 1995, Knopfler has recorded and produced eight solo albums and, as with his previous band, produced many hit songs. He has composed and produced film scores for nine films, including Local Hero, Cal, The Princess Bride, Wag the Dog and Altamira. In addition to his work with Dire Straits and as a solo artist and composer, Knopfler has recorded and performed with prominent musicians. He has produced albums for Tina Turner, Bob Dylan, Knopfler is a fingerstyle guitarist and was ranked 27th on Rolling Stones list of 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Knopfler and Dire Straits have sold in excess of 120 million records to date, Mark Freuder Knopfler was born on 12 August 1949 in Glasgow, Scotland, to an English mother, Louisa Mary, and a Hungarian-Jewish father, Erwin Knopfler. His mother was a teacher and his father was an architect, Knopfler later described his father as a Marxist agnostic. The Knopflers originally lived in the Glasgow area and Mark Knopflers younger brother David was also born there, the family re-settled in Knopflers mothers home town of Blyth, Northumberland, in North East England when he was seven years old. Mark had attended Bearsden Primary school in Scotland for two years, but both brothers attended Gosforth Grammar School, originally inspired by his uncle Kingsleys harmonica and boogie-woogie piano playing, Mark soon became familiar with many different styles of music. During the 1960s, he formed and joined bands and listened to singers like Elvis Presley and guitarists Chet Atkins, Scotty Moore, B. B King, Django Reinhardt, Hank Marvin. At 16, he made a television appearance as part of a harmony duo. In 1968, after studying journalism for a year at Harlow College, two years later, he decided to further his studies, and went on to graduate with a degree in English at the University of Leeds. In April 1970, while living in Leeds, Knopfler recorded a demo disk of a song he had written. The recording included Knopfler, Steve Phillips, Dave Johnson, Johnson, Granger, and vocalist Mick Dewhirst played with Knopfler in a band called Silverheels. On graduation in 1973, Knopfler moved to London and joined a High Wycombe-based band called Brewers Droop, appearing on the album The Booze Brothers. One night, while spending time with friends, the only guitar available was an old acoustic with a badly warped neck that had been strung with extra-light strings to make it playable, even so, he found it impossible to play unless he finger-picked it. He said in an interview, That was where I found my voice on guitar. After a brief stint with Brewers Droop, Knopfler took a job as a lecturer at Loughton College in Essex — a position he held for three years, throughout this time, he continued performing with local pub bands, including the Café Racers
29.
Dire Straits
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Dire Straits were a British rock band that formed in Deptford, London, in 1977 by Mark Knopfler, his younger brother David Knopfler, John Illsley, and Pick Withers. Dire Straits sound drew from a variety of influences, including jazz, folk, and blues. Despite the prominence of rock during the bands early years, their stripped-down sound contrasted with punk. Many of Dire Straits compositions were melancholic, Dire Straits biggest selling album, 1985s Brothers in Arms has sold over 30 million copies, and was the first album to sell a million copies on the then new compact disc format. They also became one of the worlds most commercially successful bands, Dire Straits won four Grammy Awards, three Brit Awards—winning Best British Group twice, two MTV Video Music Awards, and various other music awards. The bands songs include Money for Nothing, Sultans of Swing, So Far Away, Walk of Life, Brothers in Arms, Private Investigations, Romeo and Juliet, Tunnel of Love, Telegraph Road, and Lady Writer. According to the Guinness Book of British Hit Albums, Dire Straits have spent over 1,100 weeks on the UK albums chart and their career spanned a combined total of 15 years. They originally split up in 1988, but reformed in 1991, there were several changes in personnel over both periods, leaving Mark Knopfler and John Illsley as the only two original bandmates who remained throughout the bands career. Brothers Mark and David Knopfler, and friends John Illsley, after a performance at The Rock Garden in 1977, they took a demo tape to MCA in Soho but were turned down. Then they went to DJ Charlie Gillett, who had a show called Honky Tonk on BBC Radio London. The band simply wanted advice, but Gillett liked the music so much that he played Sultans of Swing on his show, two months later, Dire Straits signed a recording contract with the Vertigo division of Phonogram Inc. The groups first album, Dire Straits, was recorded at Basing Street studios in West London in February 1978, produced by Muff Winwood, the album was first released in the United Kingdom on Vertigo Records, then a division of Phonogram Inc. The album came to the attention of A&R representative Karin Berg and she felt that it was the kind of music audiences were hungry for, but only one person in her department agreed at first. Many of the songs on the album reflected Mark Knopflers experiences in Newcastle, Leeds and that same year, Dire Straits began a tour as opening band for Talking Heads after the re-released Sultans of Swing finally started to climb the UK charts. This led to a United States recording contract with Warner Bros, Records, before the end of 1978, Dire Straits had released their self-titled debut worldwide. They received more attention in the United States, but also arrived at the top of the charts in Canada, Australia, Dire Straits eventually went top 10 in every European country. The following year, Dire Straits embarked on their first North American tour and they played 51 sold-out concerts over a 38-day period. Sultans of Swing scaled the charts to number four in the United States, the song was one of Dire Straits biggest hits and became a fixture in the bands live performances
30.
Daughtry (band)
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Daughtry /ˈdɔːtri/ is an American rock band formed and fronted by namesake Chris Daughtry, who was a finalist on the fifth season of American Idol. Their self-titled debut album was released in November 2006 and reached number one on the Billboard 200, the album went on to sell more than four million copies in the United States, and has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. Daughtry was also named the best selling album of 2007 by Billboard, the album produced four top 20 hits on the Billboard Hot 100, including top five hits Its Not Over and Home. The bands second album, Leave This Town, was released in July 2009 and debuted at one on the Billboard 200 chart. To date, Leave This Town has sold over 1.3 million copies in the United States and has certified platinum by the RIAA. The albums lead single, No Surprise, became the bands fifth top-20 hit on the Hot 100 and their third studio album, Break the Spell was released in November 2011 and debuted within the top ten on the Billboard 200 chart. The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA, Daughtrys fourth studio album, Baptized was released on November 19,2013 and debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 chart, selling approximately 90,000 units. Chris Daughtry and members of his label held auditions for the band Daughtry. He and the label chose four members for the band, Jeremy Brady,21, guitarist, Josh Steely,36, lead guitarist, Josh Paul,29, bassist who played for Suicidal Tendencies, Joey Barnes,30, drummer. Two of the members hail from North Carolina – Barnes, whom Chris Daughtry had known for some time, and Brady. Steely and Paul are both from California, the decision was made to name the band Daughtry in order to keep name recognition. In an interview, Chris Daughtry said, We could have come out with an obscure name. The bands self-titled debut album was produced by Howard Benson and was released by RCA Records on November 21,2006. Chris Daughtry himself played a part in the production of the album, particularly in songwriting where he wrote and co-wrote all, other notable songwriters Dr. Luke and Max Martin contributed to the album, and session drummer Josh Freese played on all tracks. However, at the time the album was recorded, Chris Daughtry was the official member of the band. Shortly thereafter, Jeremy Brady announced his departure from Daughtry and was replaced with Brian Craddock,31, in interviews, Chris Daughtry and Craddock have discussed having known each other when Chris Daughtry was still a member of Absent Element. The song was also the official song on sixth season of American Idol, played after a contestant was voted off the show. The Brazilian version of Idol, called Ídolos Brazil, used this song as well in its second season, the albums third single, What I Want, was released to rock radio on April 23,2007, featuring musician Slash on lead guitars
31.
Leave This Town
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Leave This Town is the second studio album by American rock band Daughtry, released through RCA Records and 19 Entertainment on July 14,2009. The albums style is primarily arena rock, with influences ranging from rock to pop rock. Three singles were released from the album, led by No Surprise, all three peaked within the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 and within the top 5 on both Adult Pop and Adult Contemporary. The album was released to mixed reviews, with critics noting the lack of progression from their previous album. It fared better commercially, debuting atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 1.3 Million copies in the US alone, Leave This Town has been certified Platinum by both the RIAA and Music Canada. Chris Daughtry announced on his Twitter that there would be 14 songs on the record, nearly 70 songs were written for Leave This Town, before the selection was narrowed down to 19. On May 29,2009, Daughtry released the art cover. The songs written with Marx, Tedder, Gontier and Wade didnt make the standard edition of the album, three songs from the CD were used to promote racing on ESPN. You Dont Belong resultantly entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 95, the title of the album comes from lyrics from the track September. Critical response to Leave This Town was mixed, at Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 59, based on 10 reviews. It sold 269,000 copies in its first week in the U. S. peaking at number one and it peaked at number two in Canada, six places ahead of its predecessor. The album has sold 1,329,000 copies as of May 2,2012, ghost of Me was featured on a CSI, Miami commercial. No Surprise was performed live by the band on the top 4 results show of the season of American Idol on May 5,2009. Tennessee Line was performed live with Vince Gill during the 2009 CMA awards on November 11,2009 and it was also used as a music backdrop to the trailer for the TV series Young Justice. Learn My Lesson has been featured in a commercial of Fullmetal Alchemist, every Time You Turn Around was featured in the video game MLB 2K10 Supernatural is featured in the preview of the 2010 MLB Division Series, both NL & AL on TBS. No Surprise served as the single for the album. It was streamed on their website, on the evening of May 6,2009. The song was available on iTunes May 5,2009
32.
Crossroads Guitar Festival
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The Crossroads Guitar Festival was a series of music festivals and benefit concerts founded by Eric Clapton. The festivals benefit the Crossroads Centre founded by Eric Clapton, a treatment center in Antigua. The concerts showcase a variety of guitarists, selected by Eric Clapton personally, to the 2007 audience, Clapton declared that each performer was one of the very best, and had earned his personal respect. The first concert was held on June 30,1999, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, the 2004 concert was held at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, while the 2007 and 2010 festivals were held at Toyota Park, Bridgeview, Illinois, just outside Chicago. The first Crossroads Benefit concert was held at Madison Square Garden, some performers at the 1999 Concert were David Sanborn, Sheryl Crow, Bob Dylan and Mary J Blige. Backup musicians included Nathan East, Steve Gadd Andy Fairweather Low, Tim Carmon, a two-disc DVD containing 250 minutes of footage of the 2004 concert was released in the same year. Some performers at the Crossroads Guitar Festival such as Jeff Beck, Pat Metheny, Neal Schon, once there, press your Left button so that nothing becomes highlighted with the menu. This reveals the non-listed song Layla, the 2007 Crossroads Guitar Festival was held at Toyota Park in Bridgeview, Illinois on July 28,2007. Tickets were estimated as sold out for the 28,000 capacity park in twenty two minutes, a DVD of the concert was released on November 20,2007. Eric Clapton played alongside various performers, and there were many other one-off collaborations during the show, in order of appearance, the performers on the main stage were ^ - artists who also performed at the 2004 festival. Names in bold were given billing in advertisements. The 2010 Crossroads festival was held at Toyota Park in Bridgeview. Artists in bold have received star billing in advertisements, ^ - artists who also performed at the 2004 festival. * - artists who performed at the 2007 festival. Fantasy BB King Introduction Finale, The Thrill Is Gone The 2013 festival was held April 12–13 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. This Time - Earl Klugh Mirabella - Earl Klugh Heavenly Bodies - Kurt Rosenwinkel Big Road Blues - Kurt Rosenwinkel with Eric Clapton Next Door Neighbor Blues - Gary Clark Jr
33.
David Grisman
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David Grisman is an American bluegrass/newgrass mandolinist and composer of acoustic music. In the early 1990s, he started the Acoustic Disc record label to help spread acoustic, Grisman grew up in a Conservative Jewish household in Passaic, New Jersey. He started his career in 1963, as a member of Even Dozen Jug Band. His nickname Dawg was affectionately assigned by his close friend Jerry Garcia in 1973, Dawg Music is what he calls his mixture of bluegrass and Django Reinhardt/Stéphane Grappelli-influenced jazz, as highlighted on his album Hot Dawg. Stephane Grappelli played on a couple of tracks on Hot Dawg and it was Grismans combination of Reinhardt-era Jazz, bluegrass, folk, Old World Mediterranean string band music, as well as modern Jazz fusion that came to embody Dawg music. Grismans father had been a professional trombonist at one time and had young David begin piano lessons at the age of seven, in the early 1950s, Grisman heard the beginnings of rock n roll and was influenced by pop music and everything he heard. Grisman drifted away from the following his fathers death, when David was 10. He took it up again when he was about 13 or 14, soon discovering folk music through the Kingston Trio, David and three friends from school met folklorist and musician Ralph Rinzler in Passaic, New Jersey, and became greatly influenced by Rinzlers vast knowledge about traditional music. During this period, Greenwich Village in New York City was bustling with folk musicians, in 1963, Grisman played in the Even Dozen Jug Band, who recorded an album that year on Elektra Records. Grisman did a Red Allen and Frank Wakefield session for Folkways Records in 1963, but didnt perform with Red Allen and the Kentuckians until 1966. Also in 1966, Grisman recorded Early Dawg, a recording from a show in New York that featured the talents of Del McCoury on guitar and vocals. The album was not released until 1980, Grisman then played mandocello on Tom Paxtons album Morning Again. In 1967, Grisman was in a rock group called Earth Opera with Peter Rowan. In 1973, Grisman joined Rowan, Vassar Clements, Jerry Garcia and John Kahn to form the bluegrass group Old and it was while with this group that Garcia gave him his nickname, after a dog he saw behind Grisman while they were driving in Stinson Beach. In 1974, Grisman, Rowan, and Richard Greene joined Bill Keith, in 1974, Grisman was also in The Great American Music Band. Then in 1975 he started his own band, the David Grisman Quintet, Grisman also played mandocello on Bonnie Raitts album Sweet Forgiveness. In addition to performing with the Quintet, Grisman also performs with his bluegrass group, other members of the DGBX are Keith Little on banjo, Chad Manning on fiddle, Jim Nunally on guitar and Samson Grisman on upright bass. He has also recorded an album and toured as a duo with John Sebastian, Grisman is featured with other musicians on Common Chord an album of traditional and contemporary folk tunes
34.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
35.
Grand Ole Opry
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The Grand Ole Opry is a weekly country-music stage concert in Nashville, Tennessee, which was founded on November 28,1925, by George D. Hay as a one-hour radio barn dance on WSM, currently owned and operated by Opry Entertainment, it is the longest-running radio broadcast in US history, albeit not the longest-running one on a radio network. It attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world and millions of radio, the Oprys current primary slogan is The Show that Made Country Music Famous. Other slogans include Home of American Music and Country’s Most Famous Stage, in the 1930s the show began hiring professionals and expanded to four hours, and WSM, broadcasting by then with 50,000 watts, made the program a Saturday night musical tradition in nearly 30 states. In 1939, it debuted nationally on NBC Radio, the Opry moved to a permanent home, the Ryman Auditorium, in 1943. As it developed in importance, so did the city of Nashville, the Grand Ole Opry holds such significance in Nashville that its name is included on the city/county line signs on all major roadways. The signs read Music City|Metropolitan Nashville Davidson County|Home of the Grand Ole Opry, membership in the Opry remains one of country musics crowning achievements. Such country music legends as Hank Williams, Patsy Cline, Marty Robbins, Roy Acuff, since 1974, the show has been broadcast from the Grand Ole Opry House east of downtown Nashville, with an annual three-month winter foray back to the Ryman since 1999. Performances have been televised in addition to the radio programs. The Grand Ole Opry started as the WSM Barn Dance in the new radio studio of the National Life & Accident Insurance Company in downtown Nashville on November 28,1925. On October 18,1925, management began a program featuring Dr. Humphrey Bate, on November 2, WSM hired long-time announcer and program director George D. Hay launched the WSM Barn Dance with 77-year-old fiddler Uncle Jimmy Thompson on November 28,1925, judge Hay, however, liked the Fruit Jar Drinkers and asked them to appear last on each show because he wanted to always close each segment with red hot fiddle playing. They were the band accepted on Barn Dance, with the Crook Brothers being the first. When the Opry began having square dancers on the show, the Fruit Jar Drinkers always played for them, in 1926, Uncle Dave Macon, a Tennessee banjo player who had recorded several songs and toured the vaudeville circuit, became its first real star. The phrase Grand Ole Opry was first uttered on the air on December 10,1927, at the time, Barn Dance followed the NBC Red Networks Music Appreciation Hour, a program of classical music and selections from grand opera presented by classical conductor Walter Damrosch. On that particular night, Damrosch had remarked that there is no place in the classics for realism, in response, Opry presenter George Hay said, Friends, the program which just came to a close was devoted to the classics. Doctor Damrosch told us there is no place in the classics for realism. However, from here on out for the three hours, we will present nothing but realism
36.
NPR
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
37.
Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
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Dont Tell Me. is an hour-long weekly radio news panel game show produced by Chicago Public Radio and National Public Radio. It is distributed by NPR in the United States, internationally on NPR Worldwide and on the Internet via podcast, the show averages about 6 million weekly listeners on air and via podcast. Dont Tell Me. is recorded in front of an audience in Chicago at the Chase Auditorium beneath the Chase Tower on Thursday nights. Until May 2005, the show was recorded in one of Chicago Public Radios studios, with no audience, the show also often travels to various cities in the United States and produces a road show in front of a live audience for promotional and station-related purposes. The show is hosted by playwright and actor Peter Sagal, when the program had its debut in January 1998, Dan Coffey of Ask Dr. Science was the original host, but a revamping of the show led to his replacement in May of that year. Carl Kasell, who served as the newsreader on Morning Edition, was the shows official judge. In addition to Kurtis, Korva Coleman, Corey Flintoff, and Jean Cochran, each week, a panel of three humorists, journalists or comedians are chosen to participate in the program. Listeners also participate by telephoning or sending e-mails to nominate themselves as contestants, the producers select several listeners for each show and call them to appear on the program, playing various games featuring questions based on the weeks news. Dont Tell Me. feature the following games, occasionally introducing variations and one-time games, until Kasells retirement, the contestant must identify the speaker or explain the context of three quotations from that weeks major news stories as read by Bill Kurtis. Each answer is followed by a discussion of the story by Sagal. Two correct answers constitute a win, Peter Sagal asks the panelists questions regarding less-serious stories in the weeks news, awarding them one point for each correct answer. The answer is followed by a discussion of the story. In Bluff the Listener, a contestant hears three unusual stories based on a theme, with each panelist reading one story. Two of the stories are fictitious, while the third describes a genuine news story, the listener must determine which story is true and not a product of the panelists imaginations, and earns the prize if they guess correctly. The panelist who read the story the listener picks as true is awarded a point, a sound bite from the true story is played to reveal the answer. For a full list of Not My Job participants, see List of Wait Wait, Dont Tell Me. guests In the Not My Job segment, a celebrity guest calls in to be interviewed by Sagal and the panelists as well as take a three-question multiple-choice quiz. In Wait Waits early years, Not My Job guests were mainly culled from NPRs roster of personalities and reporters, as the segments title suggests, the guests are quizzed on topics that are not normally associated with their field of work. Two correct answers from the guest constitute a win, with the going to a randomly selected listener who contacted the show but was not chosen as an on-air contestant
38.
The Moody Blues
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The Moody Blues are an English rock band. It has been described as a landmark and one of the first successful concept albums and they became known internationally with singles including Go Now, Nights in White Satin, Tuesday Afternoon and Question. They have been awarded 18 platinum and gold discs and their album sales total 70 million. The Moody Blues formed on 4 May 1964, in Erdington, Ray Thomas, a juvenile John Lodge and Mike Pinder had been members of El Riot & the Rebels. They disbanded when Lodge, the youngest member, went to technical college, Pinder then rejoined Thomas to form the Krew Cats. Back from a spell in the Hamburg region a few months later. The five appeared as the Moody Blues for the first time in Birmingham in 1964, around this time the band were the resident group at the Carlton Ballroom, later to become rock music venue Mothers on Erdington High Street. The band soon obtained a London-based management company, Ridgepride, formed by Alex Murray and their recording contract was signed in the spring of 1964 with Ridgepride, which then leased their recordings to Decca. They released a single, Steal Your Heart Away, that year failed to chart. They also appeared on the cult TV programme Ready Steady Go, singing the uptempo B side Lose Your Money. But it was their single, Go Now, that launched their career, being promoted on TV with one of the first purpose-made promotional films in the pop era. The single became a hit in Britain and in the United States, the band encountered management problems after the chart-topping hit and subsequently signed to Decca Records in the UK directly as recording artists. A four track extended play titled, The Moody Blues featuring both sides of their first two Decca singles was issued in a colour picture sleeve in early 1965. Their debut album The Magnificent Moodies, produced by Denny Cordell with a strong Merseybeat/R&B flavour, was released on Decca in mono only in 1965 and it contained the hit single together with one side of classic R&B covers, and a second side with four Laine-Pinder originals. Alex Wharton left the management firm and the released a series of relatively unsuccessful singles. But then Everyday, another Pinder-Laine song, stalled at No.44 in October 1965, in June 1966, Warwick retired from the group and the music business. The group re-formed in November 1966, by then, Boulevard de la Madeleine had made the Belgian charts and won them more fans, which came in handy when they relocated to Belgium for some time. The new members were John Lodge, their bassist from El Riot and Justin Hayward, Hayward was recommended to Pinder by Eric Burdon of the Animals and was endorsed by famed UK singer Marty Wilde, the leader of the Wilde Three
39.
Moody Bluegrass
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Moody Bluegrass is a bluegrass music project that produced two tribute albums to the British Progressive Rock band The Moody Blues. The albums consist of cover versions of Moody Blues songs performed by a variety of noted bluegrass. The first album, Moody Bluegrass, A Nashville Tribute to the Moody Blues, was conceived by Randey Faulkner and produced by bluegrass musician and luthier David Harvey. The album, released September 28,2004 by Rounder Records, included performances by Alison Krauss, Harley Allen, John Cowan, Sam Bush, Tim OBrien, a live concert based the album was performed at Nashvilles Ryman Auditorium on October 23,2005. A follow-up album, Moody Bluegrass TWO… Much Love, was released on June 21,2011, the second album includes performances by Vince Gill and Ricky Skaggs in addition to many of the performers of the original album. The album ends with an instrumental composition, “Lost Chord”. The track of the cover of Its Cold Outside Of Your Heart from Moody Bluegrass TWO. Much Love was also released on Haywards 2013 solo album. A compilation of the two albums, also titled Moody Bluegrass, A Nashville Tribute to Moody Blues, was released October 29,2013 by Red River Entertainment. Critics praised both releases for their craftsmanship and serious treatment of the material and he adds vocal harmony and strings at the right moments, but mostly lets his cast of stars deliver. ”The following listed tracks include lead singers / performers
40.
Carrie Underwood
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Carrie Marie Underwood is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the season of American Idol in 2005. Her debut album, Some Hearts, was released in 2005, Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist. Released in 2007, her album, Carnival Ride, had one of the biggest ever opening weeks by a female artist. Her next album, 2009s Play On, was a commercial success led by the single Cowboy Casanova, Underwoods fourth album, Blown Away, earned her a Grammy Award and was that years second best-selling release by a female artist. Her first compilation album was a chart and sales success and earned her a Grammy Award and her fifth album, Storyteller, made her the only country artist to have all first five studio albums reach either numbers one or two on the Billboard 200. Considered one of the most successful artists in any musical genre, Billboard has referred to her as Country Musics reigning Queen, while Time listed her as one of their 100 most influential people in the world in 2014. Underwood is the top country artist of all-time on the RIAAs Digital Singles ranking, Underwood is the biggest American Idol earner in the history of the show. Her album, Some Hearts was named the country album of the 2000s by Billboard. Underwood has been inducted into the Grand Ole Opry and the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame and she has earned numerous accolades, including 7 Grammy Awards,17 Billboard Music Awards, and 11 American Music Awards. Underwood was born March 10,1983, in Muskogee, Oklahoma, to Carole and she was raised on her parents farm in the nearby rural town of Checotah. Her father worked in a sawmill while her mother taught elementary school and she has two older sisters, Shanna and Stephanie. During her childhood, Underwood performed at Robbins Memorial Talent Show and she later sang for local events in Checotah, including Old Settlers Day and the Lions Club. A local admirer arranged for her to go to Nashville when she was 14 to audition for Capitol Records, in 1996, Capitol Records was preparing a contract for Underwood but canceled it when company management changed. Underwood said of the event, I honestly think its a lot better that nothing out of it now. Everything has a way of working out, while at Checotah High School, she was an Honor Society member, a cheerleader, and played basketball and softball. Underwood graduated from Checotah High School in 2001 as salutatorian and she chose not to pursue singing after graduation. She said, After high school, I pretty much gave up on the dream of singing, I had reached a point in my life where I had to be practical and prepare for my future in the real world
