The Vindel River is a river in northern Sweden. It is a tributary to Ume River and the biggest tributary river in Sweden. It lends its name to the Vindelfjällens Nature Reserve, one of the largest protected areas in Europe, totaling 562,772 ha. Since it is partially located within the reserve, it is permanently protected from hydroelectric development. Downstream from where Vindelälven merges with Umeälven Sweden's largest hydropower plant is located. Considering that the river is not unregulated all the way to the ocean, but just in the part of it formally called Vindelälven, the decision to call it "unregulated" or "permanently protected from hydropower" is to be taken with a grain of salt. The river Vindel and its tributaries were important routes for transporting timber in northern Sweden, up until 1976. To ease the movement of logs downstream, wooden dams were constructed, side streams were cut off and tributaries were straightened and cleared. These changes significantly affected the river ecosystem and populations of wild fish, mammals, mussels and other species of aquatic and riparian habitats. The changes therefore negatively impact the favourable conservation status of species and habitats within the Vindel River Natura 2000 network site. Actions to restore the tributaries of the Vindel River to a more natural state are considered a priority by the Swedish environmental protection agency, the Västerbotten county administrative board, and the EU under the Habitats Directive and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The general objective of the Vindel River LIFE project was to achieve a ‘good status’ for the waters of the Vindel River with reference to the Water Framework Directive, and ‘good conservation status’ for the species in the project area under the Habitats Directive. The aim was to reduce the negative impacts of fragmentation and channelisation caused by timber-floating infrastructure in tributaries of the Vindel River system. The work was focused on a number of river stretches, altogether spanning just over 44 km, with the aim of removing 73% of the obstructions to natural river flow, placing large boulders and fallen trees in the water to simulate natural conditions and to reconnect streams to the tributaries to open up breeding areas for migrating fish. The Vindel River LIFE project restored streams in the tributaries of the Vindel River basin, by removing timber-floating infrastructure, replacing large obstacles into the water, and creating and restoring fish spawning grounds. These ecosystem restoration measures resulted in improved water quality, and improvements in conditions for protected species, in line with national and EU policy. The project’s work had clear socio-economic benefits in the project area.

The Ume River is one of the main rivers in northern Sweden. It is around 460 km (290 mi) long, and flows in a south-eastern direction from its source, the lake Överuman by the Norwegian border within the Scandinavian mountain range. For large parts, the European route E12, also known as Blå Vägen, follows its path.