1.
Lane Stadium
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Lane Stadium/Worsham Field is a stadium located in Blacksburg, in the U. S. state of Virginia. It is the field of the Virginia Tech Hokies. It was rated the number one home field advantage in all of football in 2005 by Rivals. com. It is also ranked #2 on ESPN. coms Top 10 Scariest Places To Play, from 1982 to 2014, Lane Stadium had the highest elevation of any Division I Football Bowl Subdivision school stadium in the eastern United States, at 2,057 feet above sea level. That distinction now belongs to Kidd Brewer Stadium, home to Appalachian State University, in 1963, school administrator Stuart K. Cassell, namesake of Cassell Coliseum, proposed building a larger stadium to replace the 17, 000-seat Miles Stadium. Construction of Lane Stadium began on April 1,1964 and it took a total of four years to complete construction. However, the first game in the new stadium was played in 1965, at the game, only the west stands and center section of the east bleachers were completed. It wasnt until the summer of 1968 that construction was completed on Lane Stadium and this brand new stadium seated 35,050 which featured a press box for guests, writers, stats crew-members, scouts, and coaches. The stadium is named after Edward Hudson Lane, a Virginia Polytechnic Institute graduate, in the 1960s, Lane headed an educational foundation project which raised over $3 million for the original construction, with his challenge gift of Lane Company stock comprising the lead gift. Like many stadiums built at the time, it consisted of two bowed sideline grandstands with free-standing bleachers behind the end zones, the stadiums original form was substantially similar to that of BB&T Field at Wake Forest and Memorial Stadium at Indiana University. Lane Stadium remained generally unchanged for 20 years, but in 1980 the east stands were expanded, increasing the stadium capacity to 52,500. Two years later, the Stadium installed a brand-new lighting system that would help the team get its first nationally broadcast game on WTBS, a 21–14 win over state rival University of Virginia. Prior to the 1989 season, the stadium added 16 flags and received a new paint job, including the maroon, the Worshams pledged $1 million to the universitys Second Century Campaign, which raised over $18.6 million, $1.7 million more than the original goal. In the spring of 1994, renovations were completed on seven lower sections of the east stands, renovations also included replacing concrete risers and the addition of wheelchair seating decreasing capacity to 50,000. Also, before the 1994 season, plaques bearing retired numbers of Tech heroes Bruce Smith, Carroll Dale, Jim Pyne, however, with the later addition of the north end zone seats, the four retired numbers now fly on flag poles above those stands. Before the start of the 1998 season, the oldest bleachers were replaced with new locust wood, on the east side, the roof on the old visitors locker room was replaced along with the bleachers above the dressing room. Before the 1999 season, the university started work on the end zone. The summer of 1999 saw the addition of roughly 2,100 seats to the end zone increasing capacity to 53,130
2.
Atlantic Coast Conference
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The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions athletic programs held in high regard nationally. ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of championships in multiple sports throughout the conferences history. Generally, the ACCs top athletes and teams in any sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation. Also, the conference enjoys extensive media coverage, the ACC was one of the six collegiate power conferences, which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series. With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014, the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to an access bowl, the additions in recent years extended the conferences footprint into the Northeast and Midwest. The most recent expansion in 2013 saw the additions of the University of Notre Dame, the University of Pittsburgh, in 2012, the University of Marylands Board of Regents voted to withdraw from the ACC to join the Big Ten Conference effective July 1,2014. On November 28,2012, the ACCs Council of Presidents voted unanimously to invite the University of Louisville as a full member, replacing Maryland effective July 1,2014. Seven universities in the South Atlantic States were charter members of the ACC, Clemson, Duke, Maryland, North Carolina, North Carolina State, South Carolina, previously members of the Southern Conference, they left partially due to that leagues ban on post-season football play. After drafting a set of bylaws for the creation of a new league, the bylaws were ratified on June 14,1953, and the ACC was created, becoming the second conference formed by schools collectively withdrawing from the SoCon, after the Southeastern Conference. On December 4,1953, officials convened in Greensboro, North Carolina, and admitted Virginia, in 1960, the ACC implemented a minimum SAT score for incoming student-athletes of 750, the first conference to do so. This minimum was raised to 800 in 1964, but was struck down by a federal court in 1972. In 1971, South Carolina left the ACC to become an independent, the ACC operated with seven members until the addition of Georgia Tech from the Metro Conference on April 3,1978. The total number of member schools reached nine with the addition of Florida State, also formerly from the Metro Conference, on July 1,1991. The expansion was controversial, as Connecticut, Rutgers, Pittsburgh, and West Virginia filed lawsuits against the ACC, Miami, and Boston College for conspiring to weaken the Big East Conference. The ACC Hall of Champions opened on March 2,2011, next to the Greensboro Coliseum arena, on September 17,2011, Big East Conference members Syracuse University and the University of Pittsburgh both tendered formal written applications to the ACC to join its ranks. The two schools were accepted into the conference the day, once again expanding the conference footprint like previous expansions. Because the Big East intended to hold Pitt and Syracuse to the 27-month notice period required by league bylaws, however, on July 16,2012, the Big East and Syracuse came to an agreement that allowed Syracuse to leave the Big East on July 1,2013. Two days later, the Big East and Pittsburgh reached an identical agreement, on September 12,2012, Notre Dame agreed to join the ACC in all sports except football and hockey as the conferences first member in the Midwestern United States
3.
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
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The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association was one of the first collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. Twenty-seven of the current Division I FBS football programs were members of this conference at some point, the SIAA was founded on December 21,1894, by Dr. William Dudley, a chemistry professor at Vanderbilt, at the Kimball House in Atlanta. Dudley was a member of the Vanderbilt Athletic Association, formed in 1886 with Dr. W. M. Baskerville as president, most students at Vanderbilt were members. The early sports played on the Vanderbilt campus were baseball, bicycling, Dudley was primarily responsible for the formation of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Sewanees opposition stopped it from occurring, the original members were Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, Johns Hopkins, North Carolina, Sewanee, Vanderbilt, and Virginia. Virginia and North Carolina soon dropped before the inaugural 1895 season, the conference was originally formed for the development and purification of college athletics throughout the South. In 1903, a single-game football playoff occurred, but it seems to have been coordinated more so by the two competing schools than the conference itself, several other efforts over the years by individual schools to hold a conference title game fell through. Most SIAA titles claimed by schools in sports were actually more mythical in nature than officially sanctioned by the league. In 1915, a disagreement arose within the conference regarding the eligibility of freshman athletes, generally, the larger universities opposed the eligibility of freshman players, while the smaller schools favored it. As a result, some of the universities formed the Southern Intercollegiate Conference. At the conferences annual meeting on December 10,1920, the SIAA rejected proposals to ban freshman athletes, in protest, some schools that had voted in favor of the propositions immediately announced they would seek to form a new conference. In 1922, the Southern Conference underwent an expansion and added six more members, all at the expense of the SIAA, Florida, Louisiana State, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt. With the departure of most of the colleges, the SIAA became a de facto small college conference in 1923. In the 1920s and 1930s, the SIAA increased its membership with the addition of additional small universities. The conference eventually disbanded in 1942 with the onset of American involvement in World War II, original charter members are denoted in boldface. Invited charter members are denoted with an asterisk, in the era in which the SIAA operated, teams tended to join in December, therefore, the first year of conference play in a given sport was often the following calendar year. Conference affiliations reflect those for the 2016–17 school year
4.
Southern Conference
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The Southern Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision, member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college conference in the United States. Among conferences currently in operation, the Big Ten and Missouri Valley are indisputably older, the Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959, but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, founded in 1915, as its own. The Southwest Conference was founded in 1914, but ceased operation in 1996 once the Big 12 Conference began play, the Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball. In 2015, Furman defeated UCF 16–15 and The Citadel topped South Carolina 23–22 for their win over the Gamecocks in the past three meetings. The SoCon also frequently sees multiple teams selected to participate in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, talks of a new conference for southern athletics had started as early as fall of 1920. The conference was formed on February 25,1921 in Atlanta as fourteen member institutions split from the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, in 1922, six more universities – Florida, LSU, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt joined the conference. The first year of competition for the conference was in 1922, the new rules banned freshman play. Later additions included Sewanee, Virginia Military Institute, and Duke, the SoCon is particularly notable for having spawned two other major conferences. In 1932, the 13 schools located south and west of the Appalachians all departed the SoCon to form the Southeastern Conference, in 1953, seven additional schools withdrew from the SoCon to form the Atlantic Coast Conference. The SoCon became the first league to hold a basketball tournament to decide a conference champion. Although first played in 1921, it did not become official until 1922, held at the Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta from February 24 – March 2,1922, the first meeting was won by North Carolina who defeated non-member Mercer in the Finals 40-25. The SoCon Basketball Tournament continues as the nations oldest conference tournament, the next-oldest tournament overall is the SEC Mens Basketball Tournament, founded in 1933, but that event was suspended after its 1952 edition and did not resume until 1979. The all-sports membership changed to 10 schools in 2014 following the departure of Appalachian State, Davidson, Elon, and Georgia Southern, plus the arrival of East Tennessee State, Mercer, the current football membership stands at nine. UNC Greensboro does not sponsor football, while ETSU, which relaunched its previously dormant football program in 2015, on January 9,2014, the SoCon and Atlantic Sun Conference announced a new alliance in lacrosse that took effect with the 2014–15 school year. Under its terms, sponsorship of mens lacrosse shifted from the ASUN to the SoCon, bellarmine, which had announced it would join the ASUN for mens lacrosse for the 2015 season, instead joined the SoCon. The most recent additions to the associate membership came with the start of the 2016–17 school year, Full members Full members Other Conference Other Conference Due to space limitations, one portion of Washington and Lees affiliation history is not indicated in the table
5.
Virginia Cavaliers football
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The Virginia Cavaliers football team represents the University of Virginia in the sport of American football. The Cavaliers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, starting in the early 1900s, the program has played an outsized role in the shaping of the modern games ethics and eligibility rules. Three traditional rivals—North Carolina, Virginia Tech, and Maryland—have all played the Cavaliers more times than any other among their chief rivals, however, Virginia and North Carolina have played 121 games against each other, whereas Georgia and Auburn have played 120. The Cavaliers also compete for the Commonwealth Cup against in-state rival Virginia Tech, both the Tarheels and the Hokies play in the Coastal Division of the ACC alongside the Cavaliers. The previous winners of the Cup have enjoyed far greater football successes, UVA has a Nike contract paying $3.5 million per year that is also significantly more lucrative than a similar agreement with its in-state rival. But no record has been found of the score of this contest, there is record of a game between Washington & Lee and VMI in 1873, the first such game in the south. In 1874, University students were introduced to the sport of rugby when they played to a tie against a team of Englishmen from Albemarle County. Eight years later, in November 1883, a club was reorganized, a constitution drawn up. 75 men competed against one another, but not against another collegiate club, the University Magazine describes how pluck is cultivated by throttling ones competitor and violently throwing him to the ground. Finally, in the fall of 1887, Willcox and Reid, after garnering interest in their fellow students throughout the year, but in these early days they had had no one to play. Fortunately, Pantops Academy, a school founded just up the road from the UVA Grounds. After playing to a tie, a rematch was scheduled for March 1888. The historic first touchdown was scored by quarterback Herbert Barry and the University won 26–0, the following season, on December 8,1888, UVA would play their first intercollegiate game, a 26–0 loss to Johns Hopkins. The loss did not dampen their enthusiasm for the sport, Virginia returned the favor with a 58–0 drubbing of Hopkins the following season when they went 4–2, with a 180–4 margin in its victories and two close losses to an eight-win Lehigh team and Navy. The 1889,1890,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896, the 116–0 drubbing by Princeton in 1890 signaled footballs arrival in the south. The Souths Oldest Rivalry started in 1892, when Virginia split games with North Carolina, the 1897 team had a scoreless tie with Vanderbilt in a game billed as the championship of the South. The 1900,1901,1902,1908,1914, and 1915 teams claim Southern championships, in 1900 the team gave the Sewanee Tigers its first loss since 1897. The teams captain was tackle John Loyd, Virginia lost to Pop Warners Carlisle Indians
6.
Miami Hurricanes football
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The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in the sport of American football. The Hurricanes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association s Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, the program began in 1926 and has won five AP national championships. Miami is ranked fourth on the list of All-time Associated Press National Poll Championships, tied with Southern California and Ohio State and behind Alabama, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma. Miami also holds a number of NFL Draft records, including most first round selections in a single draft, two Hurricanes have won the Heisman Trophy and nine have been inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame. The team plays its games at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens. The Hurricanes are currently coached by Mark Richt, UM began with just a freshman football team in 1926. Its first game was played on October 23,1926, a 7–0 win over Rollins College before 304 fans, under the guidance of head coach Howard P. Buck, the freshman team posted a perfect 8–0 record in its inaugural season. Two of the wins were against the University of Havana, one on Thanksgiving Day in Miami, Miamis last home game at of the season featured a first, the first Hurricane football game played on New Years Day against Howard at Miamis University Stadium. Varsity competition began in 1927, with Miami beating Rollins 39–3 in its first game and going on to a 3–6–1 record. The team improved to 4–4–1 in 1928, but it was not enough for Buck to keep his job, rixs arrival was funded by a group of local businessmen. That off-season, the program, which competed as an independent during its first two years of existence, joined the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association,1929 saw Miami play its first varsity road game, and Rix led the team to its first winning season, going 3–2. His tenure, however, was short-lived, off-campus financing for the dried up in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash. Ernest Brett replaced Rix, and in 1930, Miami played Temple in its first game outside the South, losing 34–0 to the Owls in Atlantic City, New Jersey. On October 31,1930, the Hurricanes played in one of the nations first night games vs. Bowden College in Miami, Brett only lasted one year, and Tom McCann became the programs fourth head coach in 1931. Under McCann, the program experienced its most successful seasons to that point. After a difficult first year, Miami put together a record in 1932 and served as host to the inaugural Palm Festival. A 5–1–2 campaign and another Palm Festival berth followed in 1933, and in 1934, in 1935, a group of Miami football supporters sought to hire Red Grange as coach. However, the move was vetoed by President Bowman Foster Ashe, instead Irl Tubbs took over as head coach in 1935, and though Miami compiled an 11–5–2 record in his two seasons, it did not play in a bowl in either year
7.
Boston College Eagles football
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The Boston College Eagles football team represents Boston College in the sport of American football. The Eagles compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, begun in 1892, Boston Colleges football team was one of six Major College football programs in New England as designated by NCAA classifications, starting in 1938. By 1981, and for the remainder of the twentieth century and it has amassed a 624–444–37 record and is 99–54 since the turn of the 21st century. Steve Addazio is currently the head coach. Boston College is one of only two Catholic universities that field a team in the Football Bowl Subdivision, the other being Notre Dame, the Eagles home games are played at Alumni Stadium on the Boston College campus in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. In addition to success on the gridiron, Boston College football teams are ranked among the nations best for academic achievement. In 2005,2006 and 2007, the football teams Academic Progress Rate was the highest of any school that finished the season ranked in the AP or ESPN/USA Today Coaches polls, drum would become the first head coach, albeit an unpaid position and OConnell was captain. On October 26,1893, BC played its first official game against the St. Johns Literary Institute of Cambridge followed by its first intercollegiate game against MIT, BC won the first game 4–0, but lost 6–0 to MIT. In 1920, the Boston College football team adopted the nickname Eagles, the season was capped by a stirring 14-0 victory over Holy Cross before 40,000 fans at Braves Field. The win gave the team a perfect 8-0 season and the school’s first Eastern Championship, the 1940 season can arguably be called the greatest year in the history of Boston College football. BCs undefeated and untied team, captured the 1941 Sugar Bowl championship and it included a 19–18 victory over Georgetown before 41,700 fans at sold-out Fenway Park, that was called one of the greatest games ever by famed sportswriter Grantland Rice. Going into the game, the Hoyas had twenty-two consecutive victories spanning three seasons, BC trailed until the third quarter, when a 43-yard touchdown pass from Charlie ORourke to Monk Maznicki put the Eagles ahead. With just seconds remaining, BC had the ball on their own nine, Georgetown set up to return the Eagles punt. Instead of punting, ORourke scrambled in his own end zone for 45 seconds then took a safety, BC used the free kick to boot the ball far downfield and dashed the Hoyas three-season unbeaten record. The NCAA lists only Minnesota as the champion in 1940. Mike Holovak was named coach of BC in 1951. During his tenure as coach, the Eagles compiled a 49–29–3 record. Holovak won Coach of the Year honors in 1954 from New England football writers, ernie Hefferle, an assistant coach for the NFLs Washington Redskins, was hired as head coach of the Eagles following Holovaks firing
8.
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football
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The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represents the Georgia Institute of Technology in the sport of American football. The Yellow Jackets team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Georgia Tech has fielded a football team since 1892 and has an all-time record of 700–471–43. The Yellow Jackets play in Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field in Atlanta, Georgia, the Yellow Jackets have won four Division I-A college football national championships and fifteen conference titles. A number of collegiate and professional football players once played for Tech. The school has 48 first-team All-Americans and over 150 alumni who have played in the NFL, among the most lauded and most notable players the school has produced are Calvin Johnson, Demaryius Thomas, Keith Brooking, Joe Hamilton, Joe Guyon, and Billy Shaw. In addition to its players, Techs football program has been noted for its coaches and its, in many cases bizarre traditions and game finishes. Among the teams coaches are John Heisman, for whom the Heisman Trophy is named, and Bobby Dodd, for whom the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award. Heisman led the team to the game in American football history. Dodd also led the Jackets on their longest winning streak against the University of Georgia, Tech began its football program with several students forming a loose-knit troop of footballers called the Blacksmiths. On November 5,1892, Tech played its first football game against Mercer University, the team lost to Mercer 12–6 in Macon, Georgia. Tech played two games during their first season and lost both of them for a season record of 0–3. Discouraged by these results, the Blacksmiths sought a coach to improve their record, leonard Wood, an Army officer and Atlantan, heard of Techs football struggles and volunteered to player-coach the team. Over the span of 1892–1903, Tech only won 8 games, tied in 5, in 1893, Tech played against the University of Georgia for the first time. Tech defeated Georgia 28–6 for the schools first-ever victory, the angry Georgia fans threw stones and other debris at the Tech players during and after the game. The poor treatment of the Blacksmiths by the Georgia faithful gave birth to the now known as Clean. In 1902, Jesse Thrash was the teams first All-Southern selection and he began the season as a sub and closed it as the undisputed star of the Tech team. Oliver Jones Huie was selected by Ga Techs athletic association to coach the team for the 1903 season when the team won 3. A professional coach was desperately needed if Tech wished to build a competitive football program
9.
West Virginia Mountaineers
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The West Virginia Mountaineers are the athletic teams of West Virginia University. The school is a member of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, the Mountaineers have been a member of the Big 12 Conference since 2012. At that time, the Mountaineers joined the Mid-American Conference as a member for mens soccer. The two major sports at the university are football and basketball, although many of the sports have large followings as well. Currently, WVU sponsors seven mens sports, ten womens sports, Mens golf was the latest sport to be added in the 2015–16 school year. West Virginia has won 20 NCAA team national championships, the West Virginia Mountaineers football team represents West Virginia University in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision of college football. West Virginia plays its games at Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium on the campus of West Virginia University in Morgantown. The Mountaineers compete in the Big 12 Conference, WVU received Division I classification in 1973, becoming a Division I-A program from 1978–2006 and an FBS program from 2006 to the present. The Mountaineers have registered 80 winning seasons in their history, including one unbeaten season, the Mountaineers have won a total of 15 conference championships, including eight Southern Conference titles and seven Big East Conference titles. On July 1,2013, then-WVU athletic director Oliver Luck announced that the sport would be reinstated in the 2015–16 school year, in addition, the Mountaineers will use the Nemacolin Golf Academy at the resort as a practice facility. Pete Dye Golf Club, Bridgeport The Pines Country Club, Morgantown, to be used for both competition and practice. See footnote and NACDA Directors Cup The West Virginia Rugby Football Club was established in 1974, in the fall of 2013, WVU won the Keystone Conference and qualified for the American Collegiate Rugby Championship, where they lost to Kutztown in the quarterfinals. In the spring of 2014, WVU reached the D1-AA national playoffs, where they defeated Princeton 41–24, the Mountaineers play their home games at the Mylan Park Athletic Field Complex. The Mountaineers have been led by Head Coach Glover since spring of 2013, the Mountaineer was adopted in 1890 as the official school mascot and unofficially began appearing at sporting events in 1936. A new Mountaineer is selected each year during the two mens home basketball games, with the formal title The Mountaineer of West Virginia University. The new Mountaineer receives a scholarship, a tailor-made buckskin suit with coonskin hat, the mascot travels with most sports teams throughout the academic year. While not required, male mascots traditionally grow a beard, jonathan Kimble, a Franklin, WV native is the new 2012-2013 WVU Mountaineer, Kimble officially took over as the official mascot at the annual spring football game. Designed by sports artist John Martin, The Flying WV is the most widely used logo in West Virginia athletics and it debuted in 1980 as a part of a football uniform redesign by Coach Don Nehlen, and was adopted as the official logo for the university in 1983
10.
VMI Keydets football
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The VMI Keydets football team represents the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. The Keydets compete in the Southern Conference of the NCAA Division I FCS, VMI plays their home contests at 10, 000-seat Alumni Memorial Field, as they have since 1962. Historically VMIs biggest rival was Virginia Tech, today, VMIs biggest rival is the The Citadel, as the two teams have battled 70 times, with The Citadel leading the series 38–30–2. The winner of each receives an award known as the Silver Shako. The last contest occurred on November 22,2014, in which The Citadel rushed for nearly 400 yards en route to a 45–25 victory, in addition to The Citadel, VMI has minor rivalries with William & Mary and Richmond. The Tribe and the Keydets first met in 1908, and William & Mary leads that series 52–33–2, VMIs competition with Richmond goes back farther, to just their third year of existence. Richmond has won 41 games to VMIs 40, and the teams have tied five times, also, the Keydets have played Virginia and Virginia Tech 82 and 79 times, respectively. VMI football dates back to 1873 with a season, featuring a 4–2 loss to Washington. No player or coaching records are known from that game, the Keydets would not have another intercollegiate team until 1891 under coach Walter Taylor III. Taylor was the son of Walter H. Taylor, a Civil War lieutenant colonel, the Keydets went 3–0–1 in 1891, with a win and tie against Washington and Lee and defeats of St. Johns and Pantops Academy. VMI had two undefeated seasons in 1892 and 1894, and a total record of 32–10–2 during the 19th century. Although they were undefeated in 1899 by a virtue of a lone win over Washington & Lee. VMI continued to have success on the field during the early 1900s, ropers brief two-year tenure was highlighted by wins over NC State and Davidson. After several seasons of mediocrity, VMI returned to their ways in 1911 under Alpha Brummage. After Brummage left VMI for Kentucky, where he would become the football and basketball coach. VMI joined the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association in 1918, many of the members of which formed the bulk of the Southern Conference after the disbandment in 1921. In 1920, Blandy Clarkson led VMI to its third of only four seasons with a 9–0 record. With the finished construction of Alumni Field in 1921, VMI football no longer needed to play on the Parade Ground situated in front of the barracks, the stadium was placed around the same place it is today, and was completed at a total cost of $69,000
11.
Tech Triumph
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Tech Triumph is the fight song of Virginia Tech. It was composed in 1919 by Wilfred Pete Maddux and Mattie Eppes, Wilfred Preston Maddux, a trombone and baritone player in the Virginia Tech Regimental Band, jointly composed Tech Triumph in 1919 along with Mattie Walton Eppes. Mattie Eppes was a neighbor of Pete in his hometown of Blackstone, when he was home, Pete would often play violin with Mattie accompanying him on the piano. One evening in the summer of 1919, Pete asked her to help him compose a song for VPI. She played the tune and Pete wrote out the score and the words for two verses in a single evening, Pete Maddux is not listed in the yearbook with the band after 1919. Miss Eppes later married John C, boggs, Superintendent of Randolph-Macon Military Academy. The song was first performed on Saturday, November 1,1919, the issue of the university newspaper noted, On arriving at the grounds, the battalion was formed for the review on the football field. After passing in review before the grandstand, the four formed a hollow square with the band in the center. In a letter to The Virginia Tech published on Dec.10,1919 and it is more than gratifying to me to see the ardent spirit and loyalty which the Corps manifests when every man lends his lusty voice to swell the chorus of football singing. Thanking you again for your cooperation in making the publication of Tech Triumph a success, I am Yours very cordially, Maddux A strain of the Bliss Triumph potato developed for its disease resistance by Virginia Tech researchers in 1926 and was named Tech Triumph
12.
HokieBird
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The HokieBird is the official mascot of Virginia Tech. Fans of Virginia Tech athletics have referred to the teams by the nickname Fighting Gobblers since the early 20th century, another popular legend regarding the origin of the Gobblers moniker refers to when the university was a military college known as the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. As future military officers and gentlemen, cadets were not allowed to look at their plates as they ate, to do so was termed gobbling your food and was a cause for punishment. Athletes were given increased portions of food and in consideration of the limited time, were allowed to gobble their meals. Because of this, the teams for VAMC became known as The Gobblers. The 1909 football team was the first team to be referred to in print as the Gobblers, meade and other mascots to follow continued having a live turkey on the sidelines of games into the 1950s. This mascot debuted at the then-annual Thanksgiving Day football game between military school rivals VPI and VMI and this costume was modified in 1971 to include a long neck, making it more than seven feet tall, and the name was changed to the Fighting Gobbler. The turkey-like figure was referred to as the Hokie mascot, the Hokie, and the Hokie bird, the costume worn by todays HokieBird made its first appearance in 1987, when Frank Beamer returned as coach. Although he reinstated the Gobbler to the teams scoreboard, by then the Hokies nickname had already become the most prominent. The current HokieBird debuted at that seasons home opener against Clemson, HokieBird Curtis Dvorak won the National Cheerleading Association championship in 1996 and has appeared as Jaxson de Ville, mascot of the Jacksonville Jaguars since 1996. Todd Maroldo, Hokiebird in 1996-1997, won the National Cheerleading Association championship in 1997 and was hired as the Carolina Panthers mascot, HokieBird has been so popular that the mascot landed an appearance on Animal Planets Turkey Secrets, shown annually around Thanksgiving. Now, when referring to Virginia Tech, the term Hokie generally refers to a Virginia Tech Student, in 2012-2013, the HokieBird held an official banner signing for Newtown, Connecticut, where the Sandy Hook shooting happened. Constantly rollerblading through campus, the HokieBird has been known to respond to tweets and visit classes, dormitories, and dining halls. The official Twitter account of the HokieBird is @TheHokieBird or twitter. com/thehokiebird It is myth that there are 3-6 HokieBirds at one time, the HokieBird is an active supporter of all Virginia Tech athletic teams, particularly the Virginia Tech Football and Basketball Teams. Before football games, he leads the charge onto the field as students jump up, after scores in football, the VT cheerleaders carry out a bench and weights for the HokieBird to perform bench presses. He does one press for every point VT has scored, sometimes, in lieu of bench presses, the HokieBird has done situps or pushups. The HokieBird has also known to crowd surf from the bottom of the Corps of Cadets student section all the way to the top of the section. At the graduation ceremony, students who portrayed the HokieBird are allowed to wear the giant orange bird feet, in theory, no one is supposed to know who the HokieBirds are until graduation day
13.
The Marching Virginians
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The Marching Virginians are one of two collegiate marching bands at Virginia Tech. Because the Marching Virginians draw from the student body, they are considerably larger than the Highty Tighties and have about 330 members. Despite offering no scholarships to members, The Marching Virginians consist of students from every college and virtually every major within the university. Known as The Spirit of Tech and established in 1974, the band performs at Virginia Tech football games, fundraisers, and charity events. The Marching Virginians are the creators of Virginia Techs Stick It In cheer, though the MVs were recently banned from performing this cheer by the Virginia Tech Athletics Department. The Marching Virginians have performed at the Orange Bowl, Peach Bowl, Independence Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Gator Bowl, Diamond Walnut San Francisco Bowl, and the 2004 BCA Classic, among many other venues. They were also featured on the Blacksburg edition of Extreme Makeover, Home Edition. The Marching Virginians are currently under the leadership of director Dave McKee, a majority of the music is arranged by Dr. James Sochinski, and the halftime performances are narrated by Mike Sparrer, The Voice of the Marching Virginians. The Marching Virginians are assisted by the Eta Beta Chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi, prior to the 2009 season, a small pep-parade from the south-end of the Cassell Coliseum parking lot, down Spring Road, to the south-west tunnel into Lane Stadium at Worsham Field took place. Due to the construction on McComas Hall during 2009, the band marched straight from their space at Johnson Track. The band continued its parade tradition midway through the 2010 season after the renovations completed and these chants often begin with a section leader or rank captain calling a command, usually ending in something along the lines of TWEET-TWEET-HO to simulate a whistle command. The MVs were the creators of the Stick It In cheer. Entering Lane Stadium, each band member falls out of rank, touches his/her hand to the Hokie Stone at the entrance to the field, and falls back into their position in the parade block. Far less formal than the Highty-Tighties, the Marching Virginians are allowed to wear their Marching Virginians baseball cap given to them at the beginning of the season. Other forms of personal flair which do not interfere with or deface their uniforms, such as sunglasses, keychains, or temporary facial tattoos, are frequent among band members. In the stands, sections will often choreograph their own dances and horn movements to different songs and drum breaks, in every fieldshow, the MVs usually perform one to three songs followed by Tech Triumph as they march off the field. In between the 3rd and 4th quarters of home football game, the tuba section leads Lane Stadium in the MVs signature rendition of the Hokie Pokie. The MVs play the pieces in the stands on a regular basis
14.
Nike, Inc.
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The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is one of the worlds largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel, as of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. The company was founded on January 25,1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, the company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro, in addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of Just Do It, Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports, was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, says Davis, I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I dont care all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me, in fact, I didnt like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight, but I saw Bowerman make them from the waffle iron, and they were mine. In 1964, in its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000, by 1965 the fledgling company had acquired a full-time employee, and sales had reached $20,000. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end, BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18,1971, patent and Trademark Office on January 22,1974. In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, the following year, the agency created the first brand ad for Nike, called There is no finish line, in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U. S. athletic shoe market, together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nikes primary ad agency. Walt Stack was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement, wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Lets do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its line to encompass many sports
15.
Virginia Tech
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Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program, Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the country. Under the 1891–1907 presidency of John M. McBryde, the school organized its academic programs into a traditional four-year college, the evolution of the schools programs led to a name change in 1896 to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. The Agricultural and Mechanical College portion of the name was popularly omitted almost immediately, in 1944, in 1923, VPI changed a policy of compulsory participation in the Corps of Cadets from four years to two years. In 1931, VPI began teaching classes at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and this program eventually developed into a two-year engineering program that allowed students to transfer to VPI for their final two years of degree work. In 1943, VPI merged with nearby Radford State Teachers College, which became VPIs womens division, today, Radford University enrolls more than 9,900 students and offers more than 150 undergraduate and graduate programs. During Hahns tenure, not only did the university graduate its first Rhodes Scholar, lewis, Class of 1963, the requirement for male students to participate in the Corps of Cadets for two years was dropped. Beginning in the fall 1973, women could participate in the corps, in 1970, the state legislature allowed VPI university status and gave it the present legal name, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. However, diplomas and transcripts still spell out the formal name, similarly, the abbreviation VT is far more common today than either VPI or VPI&SU. The early decades of this century have seen expansion across the universitys institutions in both physical and population sizes, former President Charles Steger brought Virginia Tech an allopathic medical school in 2007. The Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute was created with a partnership with the Carilion Clinic. These years also brought about the development of the universitys professional schools of graduate education. Virginia Tech brought in over a half-billion in research expenditures in 2014, on April 16,2007, Virginia Tech student Seung-Hui Cho fatally shot 32 faculty members and students, wounding 17 others before killing himself on campus. The massacre is the deadliest mass shooting on a college campus, although it was at the time the deadliest mass shooting committed by a lone gunman in U. S. history, it has since been surpassed by the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting. These colleges/schools include, Virginia Tech received a number of nearly 22,500 applications for the fall 2015 freshman class. The typical student offered admission had a grade point average of 4.00. The average cumulative SAT score was 1250, with a middle range ranging from 1160 to 1340, of the 5,518 students who accepted the offers of admission,18 percent accepted under the Early Decision Plan. The Office of Undergraduate Admissions is located within the Visitor and Undergraduate Admissions Center, once admitted, Honors students are required to maintain a 3.5 GPA in order to remain in the program. For the 2013–14 academic year, the Graduate School at Virginia Tech enrolled 6,723 graduate students in its masters, the Pamplin College of Business, received 381 applications for its incoming Evening MBA program, and offered admission to 142
16.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
17.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
18.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
19.
Blacksburg, Virginia
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Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 42,620 at the 2010 census. Blacksburg is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech, the MSA has an estimated population of 159,587 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia. The town and Virginia Tech campus have a tradition of safety and living satisfaction. In 2011, BusinessWeek named Blacksburg the Best Place in the U. S. to Raise Kids, also in 2011, readers of Southern Living named Blacksburg the Best College Town in the South. Its public transportation system, Blacksburg Transit, which connects to the neighboring town of Christiansburg, has repeatedly received recognition for the quality of its service. Abraham Wood, who commanded Fort Henry on the frontier, and operated an Indian trading post nearby, a passage over the ridge was finally found in 1671 when explorers Batts and Fallam, sent by Wood, reached the present-day location of Blacksburg, Virginia. Their expedition followed Stroubles Creek, through the current locations of the town and they reported the area inhabited by the Monacan and Moneton, Siouan groups, but the Virginia legislature had authorized Wood to claim it. Accordingly, on September 17,1671, the Batts and Fallam party claimed all of the comprising the rivers drainage basin for King Charles II. However, the region was not yet open to English patent, as early as 1718, the Iroquois had agreed to sell the parts they had conquered east of the Blue Ridge to the Virginia Colony. However, following another cession at the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster, the site of Blacksburg lay just within this disputed zone. By the 1740s, the Woods River Land Company, represented by Col. James Patton, the Draper and Ingles families were among those who built their homes between present location of the campus and the subdivision of Hethwood. This came to known as Drapers Meadow by 1748. About four settlers were killed in the attacks, and five were taken captive to Kentucky by the Shawnee, among them Mary Draper Ingles, the memorial to Drapers Meadow massacre was dedicated on a bridge located near Duck Pond. By the end of the war, Drapers Meadow was deserted and it remained so until 1768, when native claims to the land including Blacksburg were cleared by the Treaty of Hard Labour with the Cherokee, and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix with the Six Nations. The Shawnee finally abandoned their claim to territory in 1774 following Dunmores War. Samuel Black, whose family settled in Staunton, Virginia, bought 600 acres of land in the Draper’s Meadow area for his sons John and William in 1772. Smithfield Plantation, built in approximately 1774 by Col. William Preston, sits on the original Drapers Meadow site, when Samuel Black died in 1792, the land was evenly divided into two sections by his sons. The road now known as Draper Road is the line between the sections
20.
2000 Sugar Bowl
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The Florida State Seminoles, representing the Atlantic Coast Conference, defeated the Virginia Tech Hokies, representing the Big East Conference, by a score of 46–29. With the win, Florida State clinched the 1999 BCS national championship, an estimated total of 79,280 people attended the game in person, while approximately 18.4 million US viewers watched the game on ABC television. The resulting 17.5 television rating was the third-largest ever recorded for a BCS college football game, tickets were in high demand for the game, withs tens of thousands of fans from both teams attending, many using scalped tickets to gain entry. The game kicked off at 8 p. m. EST, though Tech advanced down the field, Florida State scored first and took advantage of a blocked punt for a touchdown, giving the Seminoles a 14–0 lead in the first quarter. Tech answered with a drive of its own before the end of the quarter. Virginia Tech scored a touchdown before halftime, but halfway through the game, in the third quarter, Virginia Techs offense gave the Hokies a lead with a field goal and two touchdowns. Tech failed to convert two two-point conversions, but held a 29–28 lead at the end of the third quarter, Florida State answered in the fourth quarter, however, taking a 36–29 lead with a touchdown and successful two-point conversion early in the quarter. From this point, the Seminoles did not relinquish the lead, extending it to 46–29 with another touchdown, for his performance in the game, Florida Statewide receiver Peter Warrick was named the games most valuable player. Although Tech lost the game, several of its players won postseason awards—most notably Michael Vick, who earned an ESPY for his performance during the Sugar Bowl and the regular season. Several players from each team entered the National Football League after graduation, by contract, the top two teams in the BCS Poll at the conclusion of the regular season were invited to the BCS national championship game. Under the BCS, the site of the championship game rotated every year. In 2000, there were four BCS bowl games, the Rose Bowl, the Sugar Bowl, the Orange Bowl, the national championship game rotated to a different location each year, and the other three games served as bowl games for lower-ranked teams. Later, in 2007, the BCS National Championship was created, in 2000, the Sugar Bowl was scheduled to host the national championship game. The Florida State Seminoles ended the 1998 college football season with a 23–16 loss to the Tennessee Volunteers in the 1999 Fiesta Bowl, which was the national championship game that year. The loss was only the second of the season for Florida State, Florida State lived up to its No.1 ranking in its first game of the 1999 college football season, routing unranked Louisiana Tech, 41–7. The following week, in their ACC opener, the Seminoles had a closer contest against Georgia Tech, as the weeks went by, the wins continued to accumulate. FSU defeated North Carolina State, 42–11, North Carolina, 42–10, in the seventh week of the college football season, the Seminoles faced off against a traditional rival, the Miami Hurricanes. Despite the loss of Warrick, Florida State eked out a 31–21 victory over the Hurricanes after being tied, 21–21, the week after the Miami game, the Seminoles had an even closer call against the Clemson Tigers—their closest, in fact, of the entire season
21.
Bowl game
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In North America, a bowl game is one of a number of post-season college football games that are primarily played by teams belonging to the NCAAs Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. Prior to 2002, bowl game statistics were not included in career totals. The term bowl originated from the Rose Bowl stadium, site of the first post-season college football games, the Rose Bowl Stadium, in turn, takes its name and bowl-shaped design from the Yale Bowl, the prototype of many football stadiums in the United States. The term has become almost synonymous with any major American football event. In professional football, the names of the National Football League s Super Bowl, the use of the term has crossed over into professional and collegiate Canadian football. A notable example is the annual Banjo Bowl between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League, U Sports plays two semi-final bowl games before the Vanier Cup national championship game, the Uteck Bowl and the Mitchell Bowl. The matchups are determined on a rotation basis, with the Uteck Bowl being played at the easternmost host team. The history of the game began with the 1902 Tournament East-West football game. The Tournament of Roses eventually sponsored an annual contest starting with the 1916 Tournament East-West Football Game, with the 1923 Rose Bowl it began to be played at the newly completed Rose Bowl stadium, and thus the contest itself became known as the Rose Bowl game. The name bowl to describe the games comes from the Rose Bowl stadium. Other cities saw the value for tourism that the Tournament of Roses parade and Rose Bowl carried. The label bowl was attached to the name, even though the games were not always played in bowl-shaped stadiums. The historic timing of bowl games, around the new year, is the result of two factors—warm climate and ease of travel. The original bowls began in warm climates such as Southern California, Louisiana, Florida and Texas as a way to promote the area for tourism and business. Since commercial air travel was either non-existent or very limited, the games were scheduled well after the end of the season to allow fans to travel to the game site. As the number of games has increased, the number of games a team would need to win to be invited to a bowl game has decreased. With a 12-game schedule, a number of teams with only 5 wins have been invited to a bowl game, as of the completion of the 2016 season, the University of Alabama has played in more bowl games than any other school, with 64 appearances. Alabama also holds the record for most bowl victories with 37, the Florida State Seminoles have the longest active streak of consecutive bowl appearances with 35
22.
Radford, Virginia
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Radford is an independent city in the U. S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,408, for statistical purposes, the Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Radford with neighboring Montgomery County. Radford is included in the Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford metropolitan area, Radford is the home of Radford University. The Radford Arsenal is nearby in Pulaski and Montgomery counties, Radford City has four schools, McHarg Elementary, Belle Heth Elementary, Dalton Intermediate, and Radford High School. Millennials make up over 55. 5% of the population of Radford, radfordva. gov Radford was named for Dr. John B. Dr. Radfords home Arnheim was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, Radford was originally a small village of people that gathered near the New River, which was a major draw to travelers for fresh water and food while traveling west. The town had a population increase in 1854 when the Virginia. A large depot was placed at Lovely Mount because of its positioning between the eastern and western parts of the state. The Railroad Depot caused the population of Radford to boom and it also caused a major increase in the amount of trade and business in the area. The original name for Radford was Lovely Mount because of the location of the depot, from 1900 to 1930, many companies came to Radford, including an ice company, a creamery, milling companies, piping, and preserving plants. In 1913, Radford was selected to home to State Normal School. The school would later, in 1924, become Radford College, the presence of a college brought even more attention to Radford, causing even more population growth. In 1940–1941 the US Military decided to build a plant for gunpowder and other ammunition needed by the military. Thus the Radford Army Ammunition Plant, or the Arsenal as it would come to be called, joined the railroad, many families moved to the area. Housing for the Arsenal was built in areas of town and these neighborhoods still exist today, Monroe Terrace, Radford Village. Today these are Radfords main residential neighborhoods, the railroad ceased passenger service through Radford 1971 as personal transportation moved to the fairly new interstate highway system and the airways. However, the route through Radford is still a major component of Norfolk Southern Railways Roanoke to Bristol route. But, Radford no longer needed the railroad service to survive
23.
Chicago Maroons
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The Maroons are the intercollegiate sports teams of the University of Chicago. They are named after the color maroon, team colors are maroon and gray, and the Phoenix is their mascot. They now compete in the NCAAs Division III, mostly as members of the University Athletic Association, the University of Chicago helped found the Big Ten Conference in 1895, although it dropped football in 1939, its other teams remained members until 1946. Football returned as a sport in 1963, varsity sport in 1969. The school was part of the Midwest Collegiate Athletic Conference from 1976 to 1987, Stagg Field is the home stadium for the re-instated football team. The league initially consisted of Chicago, Purdue, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, jay Berwanger was awarded the first Heisman trophy in 1935. Hall of Fame coach Amos Alonzo Stagg coached the team from 1892-1932, the basketball team from 1920-1921. He encouraged players to adopt vegetarianism, believing it supported both athleticism and a gentle and gentlemanly sportsmanship, the football team was dropped following the 1939 season. ”On March 7,1946 the University of Chicago withdrew from the Big Ten Conference. On May 31,1946 the resignation was accepted by the Big Ten Conference. Gordon Erickson wrote the lyrics in 1929, the tune was adapted from Miami Universitys Marching Song written in 1908 by Raymond H. Burke, a University of Chicago graduate who joined Miamis faculty in 1906. The song is sung by the players at midfield after all home victories. The University of Chicago Band Official website
24.
Hunter Carpenter
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Caius Hunter Carpenter was an American college football halfback who played for both Virginia Tech and North Carolina. Carpenter was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957, Carpenter was born in Louisa County, Virginia, the son of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Carpenter. He attended Clifton Forge High School in Clifton Forge, Virginia, Carpenter was never named to the All-America team only because Walter Camp, who named the team at the time, said he would never name a player who he had not seen play. Carpenter was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957, Carpenter enrolled at Virginia Tech in 1898, and played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team of Virginia Tech from 1899 through 1903. He became a man possessed by one thing after the 1899 rout, during this time, he used the alias Walter Brown because his father had forbidden him to play football. However, after five years of college, Hunter Carpenter graduated from Virginia Tech without achieving his goal and it was not until his father saw him play in a game in 1900 against Virginia Military Institute in Norfolk, Virginia did he approve. He is one athlete picked as the greatest football player ever to attend the school and he was named captain of the team in 1902. Carpenter returned to Virginia Tech in 1905 for a last shot at beating Virginia in his year of college football. Going into the 1905 game, UVA was 8–0 against VPI by a score of 170–5. The Cavalier Daily ran a story outlining Carpenters motives and move from Virginia Tech to UNC, Virginia accused Carpenter of being a professional player, as he had played college football already for nearly a decade. Carpenter signed an affidavit that he had not received payment to play against UVA and, against a backdrop of recrimination, Carpenter led VPI to an 11-0 lead. Carpenter was ejected midway through the game for throwing the ball at the face of a Virginia defender, Carpenter left immediately after the game and moved to Middleton, New York, never to return to the Commonwealth. Carpenter retired 1–7 against UVA, but the Cavaliers still refused to play Virginia Tech again until 1923, Carpenter helped lead Virginia Tech in 1905 to a 9-1 record, the best in schools history up to that time. During that season, Tech outscored its opponents 305-24, and Carpenter scored 82 points, infuriated by his losses to UVA, he played in 1904 at the University of North Carolina. I just want to beat the University of Virginia, Carpenter was quoted as saying by the Associated Press, however, as a standout on the Tar Heels football squad, he again failed to win against Virginia for two years in a row. His one year at North Carolina managed to place him amongst the best ever to play at the school and he died in Middletown, New York. Virginia–Virginia Tech football rivalry Hunter Carpenter at the College Football Hall of Fame Virginia Sports Hall of Fame
25.
1905 VPI football team
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The 1905 VPI football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1905 college football season. Led by first year head coach Sally Miles, the team went 9–1, the team had the most wins in a Virginia Tech season for many years to come, and defeated rival Virginia for the first time. Tech outscored its opponents 305 to 24, hunter Carpenter scored 82 of those points. The team reported for practice on September 1, never in the history of the school have prospects for a winning team been so bright. Source, HokieSports. com,1905 Virginia Tech football schedule The season opened with an 86–0 defeat of Roanoke College, in the second week of play, VPI beat Cumberland 12–0. The upset of the week was VPIs 16–6 win over Army, Carpenter was the star of the game, and made a kick from placement. VPIs starting lineup was, Webber, Willson, Diffendal, Stiles, Strickling, Hines, Lewis, Nutter, Treadwell, Carpenter, VPI had no trouble in beating Gallaudet 56–0. The starting lineup was Webber, Varner, Diffendal, Stiles, Stickling, Hynes, Lewis, Harris, Nutter, Carpenter, during the second half VPI scored almost at will. Hunter Carpenter had returned to VPI in 1905 for a last shot at beating Virginia in his year of college football. Going into the game, UVA was 8–0 against VPI by a score of 170–5. The Cavalier Daily ran a story outlining Carpenters motives and move from VPI to UNC, Virginia accused Carpenter of being a professional player, as he had played college football already for nearly a decade. Carpenter signed an affidavit that he had not received payment to play against UVA, Virginia fumbled at midfield, and as a result Carpenter eventually got away for a 30-yard gain around left end. Virginia held VPI on downs at the 3-yard line, Virginias punt had to go high and short to avoid hitting the goal post. Carpenter called a catch in order for a free kick, but was tackled anyway. On third down, Murray Harlan skirted end for a touchdown, the second half was even more hotly contested than the first. Carpenter finally got off a punt, down to Virginias 5-yard line. VPI blocked Virginias ensuing punt, and on third down Carpenter dashed through left tackle for the final score. Carpenter was later ejected for throwing the ball at the face of a Virginia defender, Carpenter left immediately after the game and moved to Middleton, New York, never to return to the Commonwealth
26.
University of North Carolina
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UNC campuses conferred 43,686 degrees for 2008–2009, the bulk of which were Bachelors level with 31,055 degrees awarded. Founded in 1789, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the oldest public university in the United States, in 1877, the State of North Carolina began sponsoring additional higher education institutions. Over time the added a womens college, a land-grant university, five historically black institutions. Others were created to prepare teachers for public education and to instruct performing artists, during the Depression, the North Carolina General Assembly searched for cost savings within state government. The three campuses came under the leadership of just one board and one president, in 1971, North Carolina passed legislation bringing into the University of North Carolina all 16 public institutions that confer bachelors degrees. This round of consolidation granted each constituent institution a Chancellor and a Board of Trustees, in 1985, the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential high school for gifted students, was declared an affiliated school of the university. In 2007, the school became a full member of the university. And all useful learning shall be encouraged, and promoted, in one or more universities. Article IX of the current version of the North Carolina Constitution deals with all forms of education in the state. Sections 8 and 9 of that address higher education. The General Assembly may enact laws necessary and expedient for the maintenance and management of The University of North Carolina, benefits of public institutions of higher education. Statutory provisions stipulate the current function and cost to students of the University of North Carolina, the oldest university, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, first admitted students in 1795. The smallest and newest member is the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential high school, founded in 1980. The largest university is North Carolina State University, with 34,340 students as of fall 2012, while the official names of each campus are determined by the North Carolina General Assembly, abbreviations are determined by the individual school. The enrollment numbers are the official headcounts from University of North Carolina website, http and this does not include the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, the figure for NCSSM is taken from its own website, http, //www. ncssm. edu/about-ncssm/facts. php. As of 1972, all public institutions in North Carolina are members of the University. List of colleges and universities in North Carolina North Carolina Community College System McGrath, Eileen, “The Great Depression and Its Impact on an Emerging Research Library, The University of North Carolina Library, 1929–1941, ” Libraries and the Cultural Record, 46#3 pp 295–320. Official website North Carolina, University of
27.
Walter Camp
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Walter Chauncey Camp was an American football player, coach, and sports writer known as the Father of American Football. Among a long list of inventions, he created the line of scrimmage. With John Heisman, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, Fielding H. Yost and he attended Yale College, where he played and coached college football. Camps Yale teams of 1888,1891, and 1892 have been recognized as national champions, Camp was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951. Camp wrote articles and books on the gridiron and sports in general, by the time of his death, he had written nearly 30 books and more than 250 magazine articles. Camp was born in the city of New Britain, Connecticut, Walter Camp was of English descent. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, entered Yale College in 1875, at Yale he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, the Linonian Society, and Skull and Bones. He attended Yale Medical School from 1880 to 1883, where his studies were interrupted first by an outbreak of typhoid fever, in 1873, he attended a meeting where representatives from Columbia, Rutgers, Princeton, and Yale universities created the intercollegiate football association. They created the rule that each team is only allowed 15 plays per drive and he played as a halfback at Yale from 1876 to 1882. Harvard player Nathaniel Curtis took one look at Camp, then only 156 pounds and he worked for the New Haven Clock Company beginning in 1883, working his way up to chairman of the board of directors. On June 30,1888, Camp married Alice Graham Sumner, sister of sociologist William Graham Sumner and they had two children, Walter Camp, Jr. who attended Yale as well and was elected as a member of Scroll and Key in 1912, and Janet Camp Troxell. Camp served as the football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892 before moving to Stanford University. On Christmas 1894, he and Amos Alonzo Staggs Chicago Maroons organized an early intersectional contest, Camp was on the various collegiate football rules committees that developed the American game from his time as a player at Yale until his death. English Rugby rules at the time required a player, when the ball was fairly held. College Football 1880 rules convention that the contested scrimmage be replaced with a line of scrimmage where the team with the ball started with uncontested possession and this change effectively created the evolution of the modern game of American football from its rugby football origins. This is significant as rugby union has no point value award for this action, the NCAA emerged from the national talks, but worked to Yales disadvantage relative to rival Harvard, according to Branch. By the time of his death, he had written nearly 30 books and his stories also appeared in major daily newspapers throughout the United States. He also selected an annual All-American team, by the age of 33, twelve years after graduating from Yale, Walter Camp had already become known as the Father of Football
28.
1909 VPI football team
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The 1909 VPI football team represented the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1909 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Branch Bocock, the team went 6–1, tech outscored its opponents 148 to 27. The starting lineup averaged 172 pounds and this is the first season the team was referred to in print as the Gobblers, and it became the official nickname in 1912. VPI opened its season with the Clemson Tigers, winning 6–0, Hughes, playing quarter for the first time, starred for V. P. I. Hughes got the touchdown when he picked up a fumble, VPIs starting lineup was, Sharpe, Jones, E. Hodgson, Gibbs, Burrass, Norris, Hicks, Hughes, Davis, Luttrell, Leggs. VPIs strongest showing came in the loss to Princeton. In a game plagued by weather conditions, each side scored on a fumble. Princetons Logan Cunningham scored a touchdown in the first two minutes of play after a fumble on VPIs 10-yard line, and missed the extra point. Later in the contest, a snap from center went over the Princeton quarterbacks head, Hodgson then made his own extra point. After leading 6 to 5 for some time, and only left to play. VPIs starting lineup was, Luttrell, Burruss, Jones, Gibbes, E. Hodgson, Norris, Hicks, Hughes, Davis, Billups, V. Hodgson. VPI rolled up the seasons largest score on the Richmond Spiders, winning 52–0, the backfield starred in a game of conventional football. VPIs starting lineup was, A. Hodgson, Burruss, Pitts, Gibbes, E. Hodgson, Norris, Hicks, Hughes, Davis, Billups, VPI buried the Washington & Lee Generals under a 34–5 score. Hughes 65-yard touchdown run and Hoss Hodgsons punting and kicking featured, fullback Anderson starred for the Generals. VPIs starting lineup was, Luttrell, Burruss, Pitts, Gibbs, E. Hodgson, Norris, Hicks, Hughes, Davis, Billups, V. Hodgson. Hodgson starred in a closely contested game between VPI and the Tar Heels, making a goal in the second half to lead VPI to a 15–0 win. VPIs starting lineup was, Luttrell, Burruss, Jones, Gibbs, E. Hodgson, Norris, Hicks, Hughes, Legge, A. Hodgson, VPI won over the defending Southern champion George Washington Hatchetites in Washington, D. C. The weather was better than last year
29.
Frank Peake
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Frank W. Peake was a college football running back for the Virginia Tech Hokies of Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Peakes College Football Hall of Fame coach Andy Gustafson, said he never saw his equal as a punt returner, Peake was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1978, and the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 1983. He was also a track star. Frank Peake was born on May 15,1903 in Virginia to John James Peake and he was joined by Scotty MacArthur, Herbert “Mac” McEver and Tommy Tomko. Peake was a back who loved the open field. He scored three touchdowns in his first varsity game against Roanoke College and two more in the game against Hampden-Sydney. When the Techmen played VMI in the finale, he scored both touchdowns in Tech’s 14-7 victory. One account claims he rolled up 675 yards on Virginia, in the 6 to 0 upset of the Colgate Red Raiders in New York, Peake ran for nearly 200 yards and scored the games only points. During one three-game stretch, he accumulated rushing and return yardage of 306,314 and 353 yards and he was credited with gaining 1,761 yards in eight games. 930 were from scrimmage, and 831 on punts and kickoffs, Frank Peake was selected All-Southern in 1928. In the game against Virginia he came off the sideline with a hip to return a punt for a touchdown
30.
Colgate Red Raiders football
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The Colgate Raiders football team represents Colgate University in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision college football competition as a member of the Patriot League. In 1915, Colgate recorded its 100th victory with a win over Army, the following season, they compiled an 8–1 record, with the lone loss coming against Yale, 7–3. For the 1916 season, Parke H. Davis named Colgate as the national co-champions, during the Great Depression, there was a proliferation of postseason benefit games to raise money for the unemployed. On December 6,1930, Colgate traveled to New York Citys Yankee Stadium to play New York University in one of games and won. In 1932, Colgate finished undefeated, untied and unscored upon with a 9–0 record and they outscored their opponents 234 points to 0. Parke H. Davis named the Red Raiders the national champions and they did not, however, receive an invitation to the 1933 Rose Bowl, and as such, have been referred to as undefeated, untied, unscored upon, and uninvited. The team was considered as a candidate to play in the first Sugar Bowl in January 1935, in 1982, Colgate football was relegated from the Division I-A to Division I-AA level. Since then, the team has advanced to the numerous times. In 2003, Colgate advanced to the Division I FCS final, having won 15 straight games that season, becoming the first, there, the Raiders lost to Delaware, 40–0. Two Raiders have received the Walter Payton Award for most outstanding player in Division I-AA, Kenny Gamble in 1987 and Jamaal Branch in 2003. As of 2013, he is the last Colgate player to be selected during the NFL Draft Bill Geyer – Former NFL Halfback for the Chicago Bears Michael Joseph Hayes – First Lieutenant in the United States Army. He was killed in an attack on Saint-Juvin, France on October 14,1918 and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Ed Tryon – Inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1963 Belf West – offensive tackle for the Canton Bulldogs Izzy Yablok – American football player Official website
31.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
