1.
Tehran
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Tehran is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area, in the Classical era, part of the present-day city of Tehran was occupied by a Median city that in the Avesta occurs as Rhaga. It was destroyed by the Mongols in the early 13th century, the capital has been moved several times throughout the history, and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Iran. The city was the seat of the Qajars and Pahlavis, the two last imperial dynasties of Iran. It is home to historical collections, such as the royal complexes of Golestan, Sadabad. Large scale demolition and rebuilding began in the 1920s, and Tehran has been a destination for the migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century. Tabiat Bridge, which was completed in 2014, is considered the third symbol of the city. There have been plans to relocate Irans capital from Tehran to another area, due mainly to air pollution, to date, no definitive plans have been approved. A2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of living, according to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations. The origin of the name Tehran is uncertain, the settlement of Tehran dates back over 7,000 years. The present-day city of Tehran was a suburb of an important Median city that was known as Rhaga in Old Persian, in the Avestas Videvdat, Rhaga is mentioned as the twelfth sacred place created by the Ohrmazd. In Old Persian inscriptions, Rhaga appears as a province and it was a major area for the Iranian tribes of Medes and Achaemenids. From Rhaga, Darius the Great sent reinforcements to his father Hystaspes, in some Middle Persian texts, Rhaga is given as the birthplace of Zoroaster, although modern historians generally place the birth of Zoroaster in Khorasan. Derived into Modern Persian as Rey, it now as a city located towards the southern end of the modern-day city of Tehran. Mount Damavand, the highest peak of Iran, which is located near Tehran, is an important location in Ferdowsis Shahname, the long Iranian epic poem that is based on the ancient epics of Iran. It appears in the epics as the birthplace of Manuchehr, the residence of Keyumars, the place where Freydun binds the dragon fiend Aži Dahāka, during the Sassanid era, in 641, Yazdgerd III issued his last appeal to the nation from Rey, before fleeing to Khorasan. Rey was dominated by the Parthian Mihran family, and Siyavakhsh—the son of Mihran the son of Bahram Chobin—who resisted the Muslim Invasion, because of this resistance, when the Arabs captured Rey, they ordered the town to be destroyed and ordered Farrukhzad to rebuild the town anew. In the 9th century, Tehran was a well known village, but less known than the city of Rey, the medieval writer Najm od Din Razi declared the population of Rey about 500,000 before the Mongol Invasion
2.
Iran
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Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a sovereign state in Western Asia. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East, with 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the worlds 17th-most-populous country. It is the country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The countrys central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, Tehran is the countrys capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is the site of to one of the worlds oldest civilizations, the area was first unified by the Iranian Medes in 625 BC, who became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great, under the Sassanid Dynasty, Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world for the next four centuries. Beginning in 633 AD, Arabs conquered Iran and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism by Islam, Iran became a major contributor to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential scientists, scholars, artists, and thinkers. During the 18th century, Iran reached its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, through the late 18th and 19th centuries, a series of conflicts with Russia led to significant territorial losses and the erosion of sovereignty. Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which established a monarchy and the countrys first legislative body. Following a coup instigated by the U. K. Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution, Irans rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world. Iran is a member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC. Its political system is based on the 1979 Constitution which combines elements of a democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a Supreme Leadership. A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, most inhabitants are Shia Muslims, the largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians, Azeris, Kurds and Lurs. Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis, meaning land of the Persians. As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, however, Persis was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia, in the 9th century BC. The settlement was then shifted to the end of the Zagros Mountains. In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, opposition to the name change led to the reversal of the decision, and Professor Ehsan Yarshater, editor of Encyclopædia Iranica, propagated a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably
3.
University of London
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The University of London is a collegiate research university located in London, England, consisting of 18 constituent colleges, nine research institutes and a number of central bodies. The university moved to a structure in 1900. The specialist colleges of the university include the London Business School, Imperial College London was formerly a member before leaving the university in 2007. City is the most recent constituent college, having joined on 1 September 2016, in post-nominals, the University of London is commonly abbreviated as Lond. or, more rarely, Londin. From the Latin Universitas Londiniensis, after its degree abbreviations, University College London was founded under the name London University in 1826 as a secular alternative to the religious universities of Oxford and Cambridge. In response to the controversy surrounding such educational establishment, Kings College London was founded and was the first to be granted a royal charter. Yet to receive a charter, UCL in 1834 renewed its application for a royal charter as a university. In response to this, opposition to exclusive rights grew among the London medical schools, the idea of a general degree awarding body for the schools was discussed in the medical press. And in evidence taken by the Select Committee on Medical Education, in 1835, the government announced the response to UCLs petition for a charter. Following the issuing of its charter on 28 November 1836, the university started drawing up regulations for degrees in March 1837. The death of William IV in June, however, resulted in a problem – the charter had been granted during our Royal will and pleasure, queen Victoria issued a second charter on 5 December 1837, reincorporating the university. The university awarded its first degrees in 1839, all to students from UCL, the university established by the charters of 1836 and 1837 was essentially an examining board with the right to award degrees in arts, laws and medicine. However, the university did not have the authority to grant degrees in theology, in medicine, the university was given the right to determine which medical schools provided sufficient medical training. Beyond the right to students for examination, there was no other connection between the affiliated colleges and the university. In 1849 the university held its first graduation ceremony at Somerset House following a petition to the senate from the graduates, about 250 students graduated at this ceremony. The London academic robes of this period were distinguished by their rich velvet facings, the list of affiliated colleges grew by 1858 to include over 50 institutions, including all other British universities. In that year, a new charter effectively abolished the affiliated colleges system by opening up the examinations to everyone whether they attended a college or not. The expanded role meant the university needed more space, particularly with the number of students at the provincial university colleges
4.
Persian language
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Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi, is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan and it is mostly written in the Persian alphabet, a modified variant of the Arabic script. Its grammar is similar to that of many contemporary European languages, Persian gets its name from its origin at the capital of the Achaemenid Empire, Persis, hence the name Persian. A Persian-speaking person may be referred to as Persophone, there are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, with the language holding official status in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. For centuries, Persian has also been a cultural language in other regions of Western Asia, Central Asia. It also exerted influence on Arabic, particularly Bahrani Arabic. Persian is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-European family, other Western Iranian languages are the Kurdish languages, Gilaki, Mazanderani, Talysh, and Balochi. Persian is classified as a member of the Southwestern subgroup within Western Iranian along with Lari, Kumzari, in Persian, the language is known by several names, Western Persian, Parsi or Farsi has been the name used by all native speakers until the 20th century. Since the latter decades of the 20th century, for reasons, in English. Tajiki is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by the Tajiks, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term Persian as a language name is first attested in English in the mid-16th century. Native Iranian Persian speakers call it Fārsi, Farsi is the Arabicized form of Pārsi, subsequent to Muslim conquest of Persia, due to a lack of the phoneme /p/ in Standard Arabic. The origin of the name Farsi and the place of origin of the language which is Fars Province is the Arabicized form of Pārs, in English, this language has historically been known as Persian, though Farsi has also gained some currency. Farsi is encountered in some literature as a name for the language. In modern English the word Farsi refers to the language while Parsi describes Zoroastrians, some Persian language scholars such as Ehsan Yarshater, editor of Encyclopædia Iranica, and University of Arizona professor Kamran Talattof, have also rejected the usage of Farsi in their articles. The international language-encoding standard ISO 639-1 uses the code fa, as its system is mostly based on the local names. The more detailed standard ISO 639-3 uses the name Persian for the dialect continuum spoken across Iran and Afghanistan and this consists of the individual languages Dari and Iranian Persian. Currently, Voice of America, BBC World Service, Deutsche Welle, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty also includes a Tajik service and an Afghan service. This is also the case for the American Association of Teachers of Persian, The Centre for Promotion of Persian Language and Literature, Persian is an Iranian language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family of languages
5.
Scenic design
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Scenic design is the creation of theatrical, as well as film or television scenery. Scenic designers come from a variety of backgrounds, but in recent years, are mostly trained professionals. Scenic designers design sets and scenery that aim to fully immerse the viewer in the production, a designer looks at the details searching for evidence through research to produce conceptual ideas that’s best toward supporting the content and values with visual elements. The subject of, “How do we generate creative ideas. ”The most consuming part of expanding our horizons toward scenic concepts is more than witnessing creativity. It starts with us opening our mind to the possibilities, to have an attitude toward learning, seeking, and engaging in creativity and to be willing to be adventurous, inquisitive and curious. Whether outside or inside, colorful trees or concerts, star lit skies or the architecture of a great building, discovering what will best clarify and support the story being told. The scenic designer works with the director and other designers to establish a visual concept for the production. All of these required drawing elements can be created from one accurate 3-D CAD model of the set design. Scenic designers are responsible for creating models of the scenery, renderings, paint elevations. Prague, CZ What is Scenography Article illustrating the differences between US and European theatre design practices Special, WhatLinksHere/Julia Anastasopoulos
6.
Sirus Alvand
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Sirus Alvand, also spelled Cyrous Alvand, is a director and screenwriter who was born in 1951 in Tehran, Iran. He began his career as film critic and screenwriter and directed his debut film Sanjar in 1971 and he is among filmmakers of pre-Revolution era who are still working. Some of his films were box office hits. In 1993, he won a Crystal Simorgh for best director in the 11th Fajr International Film Festival
7.
Rambod Javan
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Rambod Javan, was born on 22 December 1971 in Shahrara. Javan is an Iranian theater and cinema actor, Rambod Javan has made and directed famous TV program, Khandevane. Rambod Javan began stage acting in 1991, three years later, he came into the spotlight with a short role in The Spouses and found fame after appearing in the series Green House. He is more known as a comedic actor, in 2002, he directed his first series, Lost, which was broadcast during the fasting month of Ramadan and was well received by both viewers and critics. Rambod made his debut with Spaghetti in 8 minutes and received a Fajr International Film Festival Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Sinners. The diverse roles he took on in Mummy 3 and A Place of Love established him as a versatile actor, many critics, however, believe Pink was the apex of his acting career. He was nominated for a Fajr International Film Festival Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor for Pink, Javan appeared in an episode of the popular TV series, The Spouses. He also appeared in the series, The Green House. Rambod Javan is the son of two Azerbaijani parents and he had a brief marriage with Mandana Rouhi until their divorce some years later. Javan remarried Iranian actress Sahar Dolatshahi in 2008, they divorced in 2014, maxx No men allowed Khandevane Rambod Javan on Facebook Rambod Javan on Instagram Rambod Javan at the Internet Movie Database Rambod Javan in Internet database of Soureh Cinema
8.
Shirin (film)
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Shirin is a 2008 film directed by Iranian filmmaker Abbas Kiarostami. The film is considered by critics as a notable twist in the artistic career of Kiarostami. The film has been described as an exploration of the relationship between image, sound and female spectatorship. The film depicts the emotional involvement with the story. The story is read between the tragic and kitsch by a cast of narrators led by Manoucher Esmaieli and is accompanied by a film score by Morteza Hananeh. The films production is replete with curious anecdotes, according to some reports, the women were filmed individually in Kiarostamis living room, with the director asking them to cast their gaze at a mere series of dots above the camera. The director has stated that, during the filming process, he had no idea what film they were watching. In Taste of Shirin, a documentary by Hamideh Razavi on the making of the film, the brief appearance of Juliette Binoche in the film came as the result of her role in another Kiarostami project. It was first screened at the 65th Venice International Film Festival, more than 100 actresses took part in this film. Some of them are, List of Iranian films Deborah Young, Iranian film Shirin a rewarding challenge Shirin at the Internet Movie Database
9.
Reza Mirkarimi
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Reza Mirkarimi is an Iranian film writer and director. He graduated from Fine Arts University in Graphic Arts and His Cinema activities started from 1987 with a short film named For Him. He also contributes to young Iranian directors by producing their films and he has produced Dont be Tired in 2012 and Voice of Silence in 2013. His cinema activities began in 1987 with a series of shorts followed by two TV series aimed at young people, the Child and The Soldier, was released in France in 2001. In 2000 his second feature Under the Moonlight, dealing with social, the film also won the Best Directors Award as well as the Special Jury Prize at the Tokyo IFF in 2001. A fifth feature, As Simple As That won the 2008 Golden St George Best Film Award at the Moscow IFF
10.
Mokhtarnameh
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Mokhtarnameh is an Epic/History television series directed by Davood Mirbagheri, based on the life of Al-Mukhtar. Over 140 actors were cast in it, after years of farming and away from battlefield, Mukhtar returns to politics when Hasan ibn Ali is injured in his battle with Muawiyahs forces. Years later, Mukhtar arrives in Kufa to prepare for Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alīs arrival, on Yazids orders, Ibn Ziyad arrives and unites the people of Kufa against Husayn by using lies. Mukhtar is imprisoned to prevent riot and he is released after the battle of Karbala on Yazids orders. Mukhtar vows to avenge Husayns death, needing allies, he travels to Mecca and meets Ibn Zubayr. Mukhtar helps Ibn Zubayrs brother, Musab, defeat an Umayyad assault, Mukhtar returns to Kufa and unites the people now that Ibn Ziyad has returned to Damascus and Kufa is leaderless. Mukhtar expels Ibn Zubayrs appointed governor and takes control of the city, during the next years he kills almost all of Husayns murderers, including Ibn Ziyad, Umar and Shimr, while battling both Umayyad caliph and Ibn Zubayrs armies. Eventually he is defeated by Musabs army and retreats to his palace in Kufa, after one year, Mukhtar orders his forces to march and break the siege, but only few follow him outside. Mukhtar is killed and Musab surprisingly orders all of Mukhtars soldiers who have surrendered to be decapitated, the series, which took five years to complete, includes 40 episodes and is produced by Sima Film. The story reviews the events leading to the martyrdom of the Imams, recorded, Mixed and Mastered by Ramin Mazaheri in Baran Studio. List of casualties in Husayns army at the Battle of Karbala Mokhtarnameh website Watch the Mokhtarnameh series online with English subtitles
11.
Nardebam-e Aseman
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Nardebām-e Asmān is an Iranian TV series directed by Mohammad Hossein Latifi and produced in 2008. It is a historical and biographical series about the life and career of Iranian mathematician and astronomer Jamshid Kashani and it was broadcast during the month of Ramazan of 2009 in Iran. The title of the Series is that of Kashanis astronomical treatise, with the Arabic title Sollam-os-Samā, the Series narrates the life and the scientific works of the Iranian mathematician and astronomer Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Kashani. With this choice, the director has attempted to keep the series appealing to viewers who otherwise might consider the series as old-fashioned
12.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
13.
Roya Nonahali
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Royā Nonahāli, Actress, Born 1964, Tehran, Iran. Studied painting, worked in theatre since 1984 and started acting with The Beloved Is at Home. Then she was selected by Mohsen Makhmalbaf for Marriage of the Blessed and received the prize from Fajr Intl. Her performance in Smell of Camphor, Fragrance of Jasmine was awarded with the prize of Best Supporting Actress at the festival. She started acting in TV programs by Sleep & Awake in 2001
14.
Fatemeh Motamed-Arya
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Fatemeh Motamed Arya or Fatemeh Motamed Aria. She is a multi-award-winning Iranian actress and she first got involved in theater during her teen years, and received her degree in theater from Tehran Art Institute. She is one of the most significant actresses of post-revolutionary Iranian cinema and has called one of the most important actresses. She has been nominated nine times for the best actress award at the Fajr International Film Festival, Fatemeh Motamed-Arya was invited to travel to Los Angeles as part of a film seminar series on Iranian films. It was reported that Iran barred Motamed-Arya and another filmmaker from leaving Iran because of their political activities, after receiving the Prix de Henri-Langlois 2012 award, at the ceremony, Motamed-Arya said, “Tonight we have a common reason for being together. Without thinking about our homeland or mother tongue, we share peace and beauty here, cinema taught us love, kindness and sharing of this life. To remember that despite our language, color and religion we love each other as human beings. ”She is married to film producer and they live in Tehran and have a son together. Fatemeh Motamed-Arya was selected as the ambassador of the Mehrafarin Charity Society during a ceremony on March 3,2008, official website Fatemah Motamed-Aria at the Internet Movie Database AFP, Hollywoods Bening hopes to help mend US-Iran ties
15.
Taraneh Alidoosti
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Taraneh Alidoosti is a Crystal-Simorgh winning Iranian actress. In a poll conducted among 130 film critics by Sanate Cinema magazine and she has been suggested to be one of the best actresses in Iran. In 2012, a poll by the Film Monthly Magazine also chose her as the best actress of the decade. She began her career at age 17 with the leading role in Im Taraneh,15. Critics praised her performance as a defiant 15-year-old girl who after a relationship is determined to rear a child on her own, while struggling with poverty. Shortly after she set record, getting nominated three consecutive times for the best actress prize at the Fajr Film Festival for her first three films. Since then she has maintained a steady but selective work flow in both theatre and cinema
16.
Niki Karimi
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Niki Karimi is an Iranian actress, director, and screenwriter. Niki Karimi was born and raised in Tehran, Iran and she has been active in theater since elementary school, and has said that her early interest in film and literature inspired her to become an actress. In 1990, she was cast as a bride in Behrooz Afkhamis hit film The Bride. Niki has won awards nationally and internationally for Sara such as San Sebastian film festival award for best actress. She was assistant of Abbas Kiarostami from 1992 to 2007, expanding on her career as an actor, she wrote and directed the documentary To Have or Not to Have. In 2001, she won her first award as a director in Irans Rain film festival for her work To Have or Not to Have, which was produced by renowned Iranian filmmaker Abbas Kiarostami. Nominated at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival for her film directorial debut One Night, she said that acting no longer satisfied her. In addition to film, Karimi has also done some translating work, in 1999 she released her first translation work, Marlon Brandos biography Songs My Mother Taught Me, which she translated from English to Persian. She also translated two books by Hanif Kureishi, Pakistani-English writer and her third film as director, Final whistle, won three awards at the Vesoul International Film Festival of Asian Cinema in Vesoul, France. She has been nominated for best actress award in Fajr Film Festival in 2011 for I Am His Wife and she has been awarded recently by the jury of the Iranian Fajr Film ّFestival for her last film as best director, actress and producer. She also got an award for acting in two films, Wednesday, May 9 and Death of Fish
17.
Leila Hatami
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Leila Hatami is an Iranian actress and director. She is the daughter of director Ali Hatami and actress Zari Khoshkam, after finishing high school, she moved to Lausanne, Switzerland and started her studies in Mechanical engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. After two years she changed her major to French literature and she completed her study of French in a couple of years, before moving back to Iran. Beside her native Persian language she is fluent in French, English, after a pause of a few years which included the continuation of her studies in Switzerland she made her professional entry into cinema with Dariush Mehrjuis film Leila. Her acting in this film received reviews from critics and audiences. She married her co-star in Leila in 1999 and they have two children, a son named Mani and a daughter named Asal. Having appeared in bit parts in some of her fathers movies, Hatamis first lead appearance was the title role in the 1996 film Leila. She received the Diploma of Honor for Best Actress from the 15th Fajr Film Festival and her role in The Deserted Station won the best actress award from the 26th Montreal World Film Festival. She has appeared in her husbands films as a director, Portrait of a Lady Far Away and she also designed the sets and the costumes of The Last Step and received a nomination at the Fajr Film Festival for best production design and costume design. In 2012 A Separation won the Academy Award for best foreign film in which Hatami played the female role. In April 2014, she was announced as a member of the competition jury at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. Whilst there, she greeted Cannes President Gilles Jacob with a kiss on the cheek, Leila Hatami at the Internet Movie Database Interview with Leila Hatami, Leila Hatami answers your questions, BBC Persian, January 31,2006, Text, Voice. Script of Shāer-e Zobāle-hā, by Mohsen Makhmalbaf
18.
Negar Javaherian
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Negar Javaherian is an Iranian film and theater actress and translator. Her noted movies are The Book of Law by Maziar Miri and she also acted as Fakhri in Zire Tigh, a TV series directed by Mohammad Reza Honarmand. Her other proclaimed films are Here Without Me and A Cube of Sugar, divan-e Theatral – Red and the Others – Invisible Cities – Where were you on Day the 17th. She also co-translated Harold Pinters play, Betrayal along with Tinouche Nazmjou, negar Javaherian at the Internet Movie Database
19.
Merila Zarei
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Merilā Zāreí is an Iranian actress. A graduate of Azad University of Tehran, during her studies she became interested in acting through Ezatollah Entezamis acting courses and her first movie was Patak by Ali Asghar Shadravan in 1994. She received the Crystal Simorgh for the best actress in a role for The Fridays Soldiers. She is also the winner of best actress of 32nd Fajr International Film Festival, Iranian women Iranian cinema List of famous Persian women List of Iranian actresses Merila Zarei at the Internet Movie Database مریلا زارعی در کنار خواهرش
20.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
