Ponce, Puerto Rico
Ponce is both a city and a municipality on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. The city is the seat of the municipal government. Ponce, Puerto Rico's most populated city outside the San Juan metropolitan area, was founded on 12 August 1692 and is named for Juan Ponce de León y Loayza, the great-grandson of Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce is referred to as La Perla del Sur, La Ciudad Señorial, La Ciudad de las Quenepas; the city serves as the governmental seat of the autonomous municipality as well as the regional hub for various Government of Puerto Rico entities, such as the Judiciary of Puerto Rico. It is the regional center for various other Commonwealth and Federal Government agencies; the Municipality of Ponce the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce, is located in the southern coastal plain region of the island, south of Adjuntas and Jayuya. The municipality has a total of 31 barrios, including 19 outside the city's urban area and 12 in the urban area of the city; the historic Ponce Pueblo district, located in the downtown area of the city, is shared by several of the downtown barrios, is located three miles inland from the shores of the Caribbean.
Ponce is a principal city of both the Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Ponce-Yauco-Coamo Combined Statistical Area. The municipality of Ponce is the second largest in Puerto Rico by land area, it was the first in Puerto Rico to obtain its autonomy, becoming the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce in 1992; the region of what is now Ponce belonged to the Taíno Guaynia region, which stretched along the southern coast of Puerto Rico. Agüeybaná, a cacique who led the region, was among those who greeted Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León when he came to the island in 1508. Archaeological findings have identified four sites within the municipality of Ponce with archeological significance: Canas, Caracoles, El Bronce. During the first years of the colonization, Spanish families started settling around the Jacaguas River, in the south of the island. For security reasons, these families moved to the banks of the Rio Portugués called Baramaya. Starting around 1646 the whole area from the Rio Portugués to the Bay of Guayanilla was called Ponce.
In 1670, a small chapel was raised in the middle of the small settlement and dedicated in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe. Among its earliest settlers were Juan Ponce de León y Loayza, the Portuguese Don Pedro Rodríguez de Guzmán, from nearby San Germán. On 17 September 1692, the King of Spain Carlos II issued a Cédula Real converting the chapel into a parish, in so doing recognizing the small settlement as a hamlet, it is believed that Juan Ponce de León y Loayza, Juan Ponce de León's great-grandson, was instrumental in obtaining the royal permit to formalize the founding of the hamlet. Captains Enrique Salazar and Miguel del Toro were instrumental; the city is named after Juan Ponce de León y Loayza, the great-grandson of Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. In the early 18th century Don Antonio Abad Rodriguez Berrios built a small chapel under the name of San Antonio Abad; the area would receive the name of San Antón, a important part of modern Ponce. In 1712 the village was chartered as El Poblado de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Ponce.
In the early 19th century, Ponce continued to be one of dozens of hamlets. Its inhabitants survived by subsistence agriculture, cattle raising, maritime contraband with foreigners. Mayor José Benítez categorized the jurisdiction into cotos, criaderos, monterías, terrenos realengos. Cotos were lands awarded to residents as reward for their services to the king, they were developed into lands apt to be cultivated for agricultural use. Hatos were lands not granted to anyone in particular, but available for communal use where cattle could roam at will. Monterías were hilly areas located next to hatos were cattle could be reigned in or gathered together with the help of trained dogs. Criaderos were lands. Goats, pigs and mares were herded in criaderos. Terrenos realengos were lands. However, in the 1820s, three events took place that changed the size of the town; the first of these events was the arrival of a significant number of white Francophones, fleeing the Haitian Revolution of 1791–1804. The effect of this mass migration was not felt until the 1820s.
These French Creole entrepreneurs were attracted to the area because of its large flatlands, they came with enough capital and commercial connections to stimulate Ponce's sugarcane production and sales. Secondly and merchants migrated from various Latin American countries, they had migrated for better conditions, as they were leaving economic decline following the revolutions and disruption of societies as nations gained independence from Spain in the 1810s-1820s. Third, the Spanish Royal Decree of Graces of 1815 attracted numerous European immigrants to Puerto Rico, it encouraged any citizen of a country politically friendly to Spain to settle in Puerto Rico as long as they converted to the Catholic faith and agreed to work in the agricultural business. With such mass migrations, not only the size of the town was changed, but the character of its population was changed as well. Europeans, including many Protestants, immigrated from a variety of nations. On 29 July 1848, as a result of this explosive growth, the Ponce haml
Effective radiated power
Effective radiated power, synonymous with equivalent radiated power, is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency power, such as that emitted by a radio transmitter. It is the total power in watts that would have to be radiated by a half-wave dipole antenna to give the same radiation intensity as the actual source at a distant receiver located in the direction of the antenna's strongest beam. ERP measures the combination of the power emitted by the transmitter and the ability of the antenna to direct that power in a given direction, it is equal to the input power to the antenna multiplied by the gain of the antenna. It is used in electronics and telecommunications in broadcasting to quantify the apparent power of a broadcasting station experienced by listeners in its reception area. An alternate parameter that measures the same thing is effective isotropic radiated power. Effective isotropic radiated power is the total power that would have to be radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna to give the same signal strength as the actual source in the direction of the antenna's strongest beam.
The difference between EIRP and ERP is that ERP compares the actual antenna to a half-wave dipole antenna, while EIRP compares it to a theoretical isotropic antenna. Since a half-wave dipole antenna has a gain of 1.64, or 2.15 decibels compared to an isotropic radiator, if ERP and EIRP are expressed in watts their relation is E I R P = 1.64 ⋅ E R P If they are expressed in decibels E I R P = E R P + 2.15 Effective radiated power and effective isotropic radiated power both measure the amount of power a radio transmitter and antenna radiates in a specific direction: in the direction of maximum signal strength of its radiation pattern. This maximum radiated power is dependent on two factors: the total power output and the radiation pattern of the antenna – how much of that power is radiated in the desired direction; the latter factor is quantified by the antenna gain, the ratio of the signal strength radiated by an antenna to that radiated by a standard antenna. For example, a 1,000-watt transmitter feeding an antenna with a gain of 4 will have the same signal strength in the direction of its main lobe, thus the same ERP and EIRP, as a 4,000-watt transmitter feeding an antenna with a gain of 1.
So ERP and EIRP are measures of radiated power that can compare different combinations of transmitters and antennas on an equal basis. The difference between ERP and EIRP is that antenna gain has traditionally been measured in two different units, comparing the antenna to two different standard antennas; the decibel gain relative to an isotropic antenna is given by G = 10 log S max S max,isotropic Dipole gain is the ratio of the power density received from the antenna in the direction of its maximum radiation to the power density S max,dipole received from a lossless half-wave dipole antenna in the direction of its maximum radiation G d = S max S max,dipole The decibel gain relative to a dipole is given by G = 10 log S max S max,dipole In contrast to an isotropic antenna, the dipole has a "donut-shaped" radiation pattern, its radiated power is maximum in directions perpendicular to the antenna, declining to zero on the antenna axis. Since the radiation of the dipole is concentrated in horizontal directions, the gain of a half-wave dipole is greater than that of an isotropic antenna.
The isotropic gain of a half-wave dipole is 1.64, or in decibels 10 log 1.64 = 2.15 dBi, so G i = 1.64 G d In decibels G = G + 2.15 {\displ
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company is an American English-language commercial terrestrial television network, a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles and Philadelphia; the network is one of the Big Three television networks. NBC is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, introduced in 1956 to promote the company's innovations in early color broadcasting, it became the network's official emblem in 1979. Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric. In 1930, GE was forced to sell the companies as a result of antitrust charges. In 1986, control of NBC passed back to General Electric through its $6.4 billion purchase of RCA. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007, when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker.
In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, forming NBC Universal. Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, acquired General Electric's remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBCUniversal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke. NBC has thirteen owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates throughout the United States and its territories, some of which are available in Canada and/or Mexico via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air. During a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had a competing outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ, which served as the flagship for a loosely structured network; this station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, moved to New York City. WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&T's manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas.
The Bell System, AT&T's telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, using both wireless and wired methods. The 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a regular schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs, was an immediate success. In an early example of "chain" or "networking" broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island. C. WCAP. New parent RCA saw an advantage in sharing programming, after getting a license for radio station WRC in Washington, D. C. in 1923, attempted to transmit audio between cities via low-quality telegraph lines. AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines; the early effort fared poorly, since the uninsulated telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric and other electrical interference. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its embryonic network were incompatible with the company's primary goal of providing a telephone service.
AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&T's phone lines for network transmission. RCA spent $1 million to purchase WEAF and Washington sister station WCAP, shut down the latter station, merged its facilities with surviving station WRC; the division's ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC started broadcasting on November 15, 1926. WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On January 1, 1927, NBC formally divided their respective marketing strategies: the "Red Network" offered commercially sponsored entertainment and music programming. Various histories of NBC suggest the color designations for the two networks came from the color of the pushpins NBC engineers used to designate affiliate stations of WEAF and WJZ, or from the use of double-ended red and blue colored pencils. On April 5, 1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network known as the Pacific Coast Network.
This was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18, 1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network; the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. In 1936, the Orange Network affiliate stations became part of the Red Network, at the same time the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC developed a network for shortwave radio stations, called the NBC White Network. In 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building de
World Series
The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy; as the series is played during the fall season in North America, it is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic. Prior to 1969, the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series; as of 2018, the World Series has been contested 114 times, with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 48. The 2018 World Series took place between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Boston Red Sox from October 23–28, with the Red Sox winning in five games to earn their ninth title; this was the first World Series meeting between these two teams since 1916. Having lost to the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers became the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons.
In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, the Boston Red Sox have played in 13 and won 9, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 19 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 20 and won 6, the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5; as of 2018, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998, 1999, 2000—the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history. Until the formation of the American Association in 1882 as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players and the National League represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played.
From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand; the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in each team having won three games with one tie game; the series was promoted and referred to as "The Championship of the United States", "World's Championship Series", or "World's Series" for short. In his book Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed; the 19th-century competitions are, not recognized as part of World Series history by Major League Baseball, as it considers 19th-century baseball to be a prologue to the modern baseball era.
Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on an equal basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903 and discuss the earlier contests separately. Following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league; the league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions. This scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the first-place club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league champions played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, played only once, in 1900. In 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and American Leagues fought each other for business supremacy.
After two years of bitter competition and player raiding, the National and American Leagues made peace and, as part of the accord, several pairs of teams squared off for interleague exhibition games after the 1903 season. These series were arranged by the participating clubs. One of them matched the two pennant winners, Pittsburgh Pirates of the NL and Boston Americans of the AL, it had been arranged well in advance by the two owners, as both teams were league leaders by large margins. Boston upset Pittsburgh by five games to three, winning with pitching depth behind Cy Young and Bill Dinneen and with the support of the band of Royal Rooters; the Series brought much civic pride to Boston and proved the new American League could beat the Nationals. The 1904 Series, if it had been held, would have been between the AL's Boston Americans and the NL's New York Giants. At that point there was no gover
CenturyLink
CenturyLink, Inc. is an American telecommunications company, headquartered in Monroe, that provides communications and data services to residential, business and wholesale customers in 37 states. A member of the S&P 500 index and the Fortune 500, the company operates as a local exchange carrier and Internet access provider in U. S. markets and is the third-largest telecommunications company in the United States in terms of lines served, behind AT&T and Verizon and provides long distance service. CenturyLink serves global enterprise customers across North America, Latin America, EMEA and Asia Pacific; the earliest predecessor of CenturyLink was the Oak Ridge Telephone Company in Oak Ridge, owned by F. E. Hogan, Sr. In 1930, Hogan sold the company, with 75 paid subscribers, to William Clarke and Marie Williams, for $500, they moved the switchboard to the Williams family front parlor. In 1946, the Williams' son, Clarke McRae Williams, received ownership of the family's telephone company as a wedding gift.
In 1947, Clarke Williams learned the telephone company in Marion, Louisiana was for sale. With a loan from business associate Joe Sydney Carter, Clarke purchased the Marion Telephone Company and made it his base of operation as he grew his company through more acquisitions. CenturyLink still maintains offices in the former headquarters building; the company remained as a family-operated business until it became incorporated in 1968. By 1967, Oak Ridge Telephone Company served three states with 10,000 access lines; that year, the company was incorporated as Central Electronics. Clarke M. Williams served as chairman of the board. Between 1972 and 1975, Clarke moved his headquarters from Marion to Monroe, Louisiana, to access the larger employee base and to be near the airport. In 1971, the company was renamed as Inc.. In 1972, Century Telephone acquired the La Crosse Telephone Corporation, of Wisconsin. On October 24, 1978, Century Telephone moved to the New York Stock Exchange for the first time and began to trade under the ticker symbol CTL.
Century Telephone performed well during the long bear market of the 1970s, as its stock rose over fourfold. The company provided telephone service in parts of 14 states by that time. In 1981, Century Telephone acquired War Telephone in West Virginia. In 1982, Century Telephone's earnings peaked at $14 million declined in 1983 following the early 1980s recession, began to recover in 1984. However, the 1983 decline led to a loss of half the value of the company's stock in 1984. In 1985, both earnings and the stock price had recovered to new record highs, but by the company had accumulated $206 million in long-term debt. Century Telephone sold the operations of War Telephone and two other companies to Colonial Telephone for $4.66 million. In 1987, the stock price nearly doubled from its low that year, from its old 1982 record high, before falling back by a third in the 1987 stock market crash. Earnings had grown each year from their 1983 low, by 1987 reached nearly US$20 million. In 1989, Century Telephone Enterprises acquired Universal Inc. for US$90 million in cash.
During the late 1980s the company began a long trend in which it performed well. The stock split three-for-two twice in this period, as earnings grew, through the 1990-1991 recession, by year-end 1991, they reached nearly US$40 million, double from what they had been in 1987. In 1992, Century Telephone acquired Central Telephone Company of Ohio, a Centel subsidiary, for $135 million; the acquisition served more than 65,000 access lines, added 20% to Century's access line total. That year Glen F. Post III became Chief Executive Officer and, named Vice Chairman of the Board of Century Telephone. In 1993, Century Telephone revenues were over $425 million, up from about $350 million in 1992. 1993 earnings were nearly $80 million, up from about $70 million in 1992, excluding a nearly $16 million charge in 1992 due to the cumulative effect from an accounting change that year. In 1993 the company split its stock three-for-two yet again. However, by that time, the company had accumulated nearly $520 million in long-term debt.
By 1995, Century Telephone Enterprises had been added to the S&P MidCap 400 index. Earnings had continued their steady growth trend through the 1994 economic soft landing, by 1995 they reached over US$115 million, but the long-term debt continued reaching US$623 million that year. In 1997, Century Telephone acquired Delta Security Alarm Co. Inc. of Monroe and its largest acquisition up until that time, Pacific Telecom, doubling its size with 660,000 additional telephone access lines in 12 states. Pacific Telecom, Inc. was renamed CenturyTel of the Northwest, Inc.. In 1998, Century Telephone split its stock three-for-two once again; the company acquired another Monroe, Louisiana security company, Century Protection Systems, acquired 89,000 access lines and 19 exchanges in 21 northern Wisconsin communities from Ameritech. The affected customers had been served by Wisconsin Bell. Ameritech's directory publishing operations serving those customers were acquired. In 1999, the company was renamed as Inc..
It split its stock three-for-two once more, was added to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index that year. In 2000, CenturyTel acquired 230,500 GTE lines in Arkansas, bought 127,000 GTE lines in Missouri in partnership with Spectra Communications. In Wisconsin, it acquired 133,000 additional lines, 70,500 access lines for US$195 million from Verizon; that year CenturyTel bought 62,650 lines for US$170 million in partnership with Telephone USA of Wisconsin, LLC. In 2001
Telemundo
Telemundo is an American Spanish language terrestrial television network owned by Comcast through NBCUniversal. It is the second largest provider of Spanish language content nationally behind American competitor Univision, with programming syndicated worldwide to more than 100 countries in over 35 languages; the channel broadcasts programs and original content aimed at Latin American audiences in the United States and worldwide, consisting of telenovelas, reality television, news programming and films — either imported or Spanish-dubbed. In addition, Telemundo operates NBC Universo, a separate channel directed towards young Hispanic audiences. Telemundo is headquartered in the Miami suburb of Beacon Lakes, has 1,900 employees worldwide; the majority of Telemundo's programs are filmed at an operated studio facility in Miami, where 85% of the network's telenovelas were filmed during 2011. The average hourly primetime drama costs $70K to produce. Launched as NetSpan in 1984, the network was renamed Telemundo in 1987, after the network owners purchased the previous owner of WKAQ-TV, a television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico, branded on air as Telemundo.
WKAQ-TV was signed on on March 28, 1954, was founded by Ángel Ramos – owner of Puerto Rico's main newspaper at the time, El Mundo, the U. S. territory's first radio station, WKAQ. Ramos wanted to maintain a consistent branding for his media properties based around the "mundo" theme, chose to brand his new television property as "Telemundo". On April 14, 1983, Ramos sold WKAQ-TV to John Co.. In 1984, the owners of WNJU in Linden, New Jersey and KSTS in San Jose, California formed NetSpan, the second Spanish-language television network in the continental United States; these stations joined KVEA in Los Angeles, run by its general manager and part-owner Joe Wallach, in 1985. The following year, KVEA's part-owner, Reliance Group Holdings, acquired the Telemundo brand when it purchased John Blair & Co. which owned WSCV in Fort Lauderdale–Miami-West Palm Beach in addition to WKAQ-TV. In late 1986, Reliance purchased WNJU. In 1987, Reliance Capital Group executives Saul Steinberg and Henry Silverman merged all these stations into the Telemundo Group.
The new corporation went public, in 1987, Reliance decided to rebrand NetSpan as Telemundo. That year, it purchased additional stations in San Francisco and San Antonio. Between 1988 and 1993, Telemundo acquired or affiliated with television stations in Texas, New Mexico and Washington, D. C.. In May 1992, Telemundo underwent another management change, appointing former Univision president Joaquin Blaya – who resigned from that network after discovering in an FCC filing for A. Jerrold Perenchio's purchase of the network from Hallmark Cards that Univision would increase its reliance on programming from Televisa and Venevision to levels that resulted in him concluding that there would be fewer opportunities for the addition of local programs on Univision's stations, was subsequently joined by four other Univision executives – to head the network; the following year in 1993, Telemundo underwent an extensive rebranding, introducing the signature framed "T" letter logo, a promotional campaign using the slogan "Arriba, Arriba".
The network began to produce its own original telenovelas, the first of which to premiere were Angélica, mi vida, Guadalupe, Señora Tentación and Tres Destinos. International distributors soon approached the network for the syndication rights to air these programs on television networks in other countries. Telemundo's effort faced an initial setback when Mexico's leading broadcaster, purchased production company Capitalvision, producing the telenovelas in conjunction with the network. Parent company Telemundo Group experienced major financial challenges during this time, filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1994, due to a debt load of more than $300 million that the company owed to its creditors. In an effort to boost its tepid ratings and quell complaints from advocacy organizations such as the National Hispanic Media Coalition that criticized both networks for not featuring content relatable to American Latinos, Telemundo outlined a new strategy to better compete against Univision by increasing production of domestically produced programs.
In 1995, under the direction of executive vice president of programming Harry Abraham Castillo, Telemundo opened its first network studio on the West Coast. Housed at Raleigh Studios in Hollywood, the network began daily production of three shows on the lot that year: La Hora Lunática, a daytime talk-variety show hosted by Los Angeles radio personality Humberto Luna, comedians Mario Ramírez Reyes "El Comodín" and Hugo Armando, producer Jackie Torres.
WLII-DT
WLII-DT, virtual and VHF digital channel 11, is a Univision owned-and-operated television station serving San Juan, Puerto Rico, licensed to Caguas. The station is owned by the Univision Local Media subsidiary of Univision Communications, as part of a duopoly with Ponce-licensed independent station WSTE-DT. All of the stations share studios on Calle Carazo in Guaynabo, where WLII's transmitter is located. WLII operates two satellite stations, WSUR-DT in WOLE-DT in Aguadilla. In 1960, Rafael Perez Perry received authorization from the government to start WKBM-TV, broadcasting on channel 11, as part of his new Telecadena Perez-Perry chain of television stations; some of the shows that WKBM-TV aired throughout those years included Una Hora Contigo and Tira y Tapate with Myrta Silva, Yo Soy el Gallo with José Miguel Class, El Show de Carmita with Carmita Jiménez, El Show de Lissette, El Show de Iris Chacón, El Hit del Momento and El Super Show Goya with Enrique Maluenda, Lillian Hurst and Luz Odilea Font, Una Chica llamada: Ivonne Coll, Cambia Cambia con Alfred D. Herger and Del Brazo with Ruth Fernández, Mediodia Circular with Vilma Carbia.
At the time, Perez Perry owned one of the most successful radio stations on the island, WKVM. Perez Perry died of a heart attack caused by unknown reasons while he was working on the transmitter in the late 1970s; the station went silent that year. Its former competition benefited from WKBM's demise—not only from a reduction in competition itself, but from the availability of many of the stations' former hosts and talent. In 1986, production company Lorimar-Telepictures acquired the station from bankruptcy court; the new WLII-TV was branded as "Tele Once" with a new slogan: "Tele Once… Vívelo!". Warner Communications would gain indirect ownership of the stations after it bought Lorimar-Telepictures in 1988; the station became a success around this time by airing popular American programs translated in Spanish The Simpsons. However, its lack of a repeater or rebroadcaster on the western portion of the island continued to put it behind the competition, WKAQ-TV and WAPA-TV; that all changed when WNJX-TV in Mayagüez signed an affiliation agreement with the station in the late 1980s.
WLII was subsequently sold to Malrite Communications Group in 1991. On January 1, 1995 at midnight, Tele Once entered into its first marketing agreement with a television station in western Puerto Rico, WORA-TV, which at that time had ended an affiliation agreement with WKAQ-TV. In turn, WKAQ-TV switched its affiliation agreement to WOLE-TV, WAPA-TV's repeater station at the time; some of the shows that aired on WLII throughout the Tele Once years included En Un Día, R con R, El Show de Awilda, Dime la Verdad, Ellas al Mediodía, La Noche es Nuestra, Fiesta, A Fuego, Lio, El Super Show, Que Suerte que es Domingo, Anda Pa'l Cará, Entrando por la Cocina, Atácate and El Kiosko Budweiser. In the late 1980s, actresses Ángela Meyer and Camille Carrión founded a production company named Empresas Meca, which produced some of the last telenovelas in Puerto Rico: La Isla, Ave de Paso, Yara Prohibida and La Otra. In 2002, Univision entered into a local marketing agreement with Raycom Media to operate WLII and WSUR-TV.
At the time, WLII had a longtime local marketing agreement with another Puerto Rican station, WSTE, which Univision honored. Both WLII and WSUR-TV were sold to Univision Communications in 2005. Although Univision operates a second network, UniMás, in the mainland United States, WSTE remains an independent station. In 2005, WLII relocated from its studios in the Puerta de Tierra borough of San Juan to a new facility in Guaynabo. On October 17, 2014, WLII-DT laid off 109 staffers and canceled most of its local programming, becoming a repeater of Univision network programming with minimal local content. With the move, the station's daily talk show, Ruben & Co. became the only local program still produced by WLII. In addition, WLII now shares a general manager with Univision's Puerto Rico radio stations. WSUR-TV was founded on February 1958 by American Colonial Broadcasting. In 1963, the station was located on Avenida Tito Castro in the La Rambla sector of Barrio Machuelo Abajo. WSUR originates no local programming of its own.
The station transmitted its analog signal over VHF channel 9. Its tower is now located at Cerro Maravilla in the border between the municipality of Ponce with Jayuya; the station's digital channel is multiplexed: WLII shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 11, on 12 June 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 56 to VHF channel 11, among the high band UHF channels that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition. WSUR switched to digital-only broadcasts on 23 January 2009, broadcasting on VHF channel 9. News pr
