1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Martina McBride
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Martina Mariea McBride is an American country music singer-songwriter and record producer. She is known for her soprano singing range and her country pop material, McBride was signed to RCA Records in 1991, and made her debut the following year as a neo-traditionalist country singer with the single, The Time Has Come. Five of these went to No.1 on the country chart between 1995 and 2001, and one peaked at No.1 on the adult contemporary chart in 2003. She has been called the Celine Dion of Country Music when she was recognized for her soprano singing range, McBride has recorded a total of 13 studio albums, two greatest hits compilations, one live album, as well as two additional compilation albums. Eight of her albums and two of her compilations have received an RIAA Gold certification, or higher. In the U. S. she has sold over 14 million albums, in addition, McBride has won the Country Music Associations Female Vocalist of the Year award four times and the Academy of Country Musics Top Female Vocalist award three times. She is also a 14-time Grammy Award nominee, Martina Mariea Schiff was born in Sharon, Kansas on July 29,1966. She has two brothers, Martin and Steve, who play in her concert band, and a sister. Martinas parents, Daryl and Jeanne Schiff, owned a dairy farm, Daryl, who was also a cabinetry shop owner, exposed Martina to country music at a young age. Listening to country music helped her acquire a love for singing, after school, she would spend hours singing along to the records of such popular artists as Reba McEntire, Linda Ronstadt, Juice Newton, Jeanne Pruett, Connie Smith, and Patsy Cline. Around the age of eight or nine, Martina began singing with a band her father fronted, as Schiff grew older her role in the band progressively increased, from simply singing, to also playing keyboard with them. She enjoyed performing in her early years, Martina began performing with a local rock band, The Penetrators, in Wichita instead. Then, in 1987, Schiff gathered a group of musicians called Lotus and started looking for rehearsal space, after marrying, the couple moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1989 with the hope of beginning a career in country music. John McBride joined Garth Brookss sound crew and later became his concert production manager, Martina occasionally joined her husband on the road and helped sell Garth Brooks souvenirs. In 1990, impressed by Martinas enthusiastic spirit, Brooks offered her the position of his opening act provided she could obtain a recording contract, McBride released her debut studio album by RCA Records in 1992, titled The Time Has Come. It was produced by Paul Worley and Ed Seay and this albums title track made number 23 on the country music charts, but the next two singles both failed to make top 40. Unlike her later country pop-influenced albums, The Time Has Come featured honky tonk, the Way That I Am was McBrides second album. Its first two singles both brought her into the top ten, My Baby Loves Me peaked at number two, and Life No.9 at number six
3.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
4.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Timeless (Martina McBride album)
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Timeless is the eighth studio album by American country music singer Martina McBride. The album is an 18-track collection of country songs. Major artists whose songs were covered include Eddy Arnold, Johnny Cash, Don Gibson, Loretta Lynn, Buck Owens, Ray Price, Hank Snow, Hank Williams, Tammy Wynette and many others. The album debuted at No.1 on the album chart. The album became McBrides fastest-selling of her career and gave her her best debut week with 185,000 copies sold in its first week. In the U. S. the album was certified Gold and Platinum on 12/12/2005 by the R. I. A. A
7.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
8.
Anyway (Martina McBride song)
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Anyway is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Martina McBride. The song was released in November 2006 following a performance on the 2006 CMA Awards, McBride wrote the song with The Warren Brothers. The song marks the first time in Martinas career that she has one of her own singles. It is a song based on a favorite poem of Mother Teresas, written by Kent Keith. At the 2007 Country Music Association Awards, Anyway was nominated for Single of the Year, Anyway was first released on November 6,2006, where McBride performed the song to promote it. However, the single was released to the iTunes Store February 13,2007, kristy Lee Cook performed the song on the seventh season of American Idol on Top 8 Inspirational Week in 2008. Lauren Alaina performed the song on the 10th season of American Idol on Top 4 Inspirational Week in 2011 and it was considered as one of the best versions of the original song. A music video was released for the song and was directed by Deaton-Flanigen Productions, in the view, McBride is shown standing in the middle of a street with pedestrians walking past her. These people are shown standing together on a sidewalk, waiting for a stoplight that turned red. Throughout the video, each individuals thoughts appear as text on the screen, scenes of McBride performing in a dark room with strings of hanging blue and white lights are also featured. The video ends with the light turning green, and everyone, including McBride, Anyway was Martina McBrides biggest hit since 2004, reaching a peak of number 5 on the U. S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in mid-2007. The song was also a Top 40 hit on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100, in 2008, the song was nominated for a Dove Award for Country Recorded Song of the Year at the 39th GMA Dove Awards. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
9.
How I Feel (Martina McBride song)
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How I Feel is a song co-written and recorded by American country singer Martina McBride. It was released in May 2007 as the single from the album Waking Up Laughing. McBride wrote the song with Aimee Mayo, Chris Lindsey and The Warren Brothers It peaked at number 15 in September 2007, a live video of McBride performing the song at the 2007 CMA Music Fest was released to GAC and CMT in August 2007. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
10.
Dotdash
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About. com is an American Internet-based network of content that publishes articles and videos about various subjects on its topic sites, of which there are nearly 1,000. It is operated by About, Inc, the website competes with other online resource sites and encyclopedias. By March 2014,61,428,000 unique visitors were registered by comScore for About. com, making it the 16th-most-visited online property during that month. As of August 2012, About. com is the property of IAC, owner of Ask. com and numerous other online brands, and its revenue is generated by advertising. Founded in 1996 as The Mining Company, the site was launched on April 21,1997 by Scott Kurnit, owner of General Internet, Bill Day, and a group of other entrepreneurs in New York City. The original goal was to maintain 1,800 topic areas, but after five years of operation, the company changed its name to About Inc. and the website address from miningco. com to about. com in May 1999. The company was acquired by Primedia, Inc. in 2000 through a deal valued at US$690 million, whereby Primedia swapped 45.2 million shares for About, at the time of the acquisition announcement, About Inc. Following the purchase, which was finalized in the first quarter of 2001, in February 2005, The New York Times Company announced it was buying About. com, a purchase that was completed in the first half of the year for US$410 million. Google and Yahoo were reportedly among the other bidders, following the Times Co. acquisition, Peter C. Horan was appointed as About Inc. s president and CEO, in March 2007, About. coms patronage was measured at 33.5 million unique visitors. On May 7,2007, About Inc. acquired ConsumerSearch. com, initially conceived of in January 2007, About. coms first fully owned foreign venture, the China-based Abang. com, debuted in December 2007. At the time of the launch, the company had a Japan-based online entity, Allabout. co. jp, the About Group generated US$102.7 million in 2007, which represented a 135-percent increase from the time of the Times Co. acquisition. Meyer stepped down from the executive role in March 2008 and was replaced by Cella Irvine. Martin Nisenholtz, SVP of digital operations, temporarily replaced Irvine following her departure in May 2011, in July 2011, Darline Jean was named CEO of the About Group, after the companys second-quarter revenues totaled US$27.8 million. Jean previously served as Abouts chief financial officer and her new appointment became effective on September 1,2011, a media report published in August 2012 indicated that Answers. com had reached a preliminary agreement to acquire About. com for US$270 million. However, on August 26, Barry Dillers IAC announced that it would acquire About. com instead for US$300 million in cash. A source for the TechCrunch publication later confirmed that Answers. coms offer was valued at US$270 million. In the corresponding press release, IAC explained that the acquisition will help bolster and accompany its existing properties, Jean fulfilled her role as chief executive during the transition period, while ownership was transferred to IAC, and then left About shortly after the sale was finalized
11.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
12.
BBC Music
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BBC Music is an umbrella title used by the BBC to collect together its music output. Officially it is a part of the BBCs Radio operational division and is responsible to Helen Boaden, however, its remit also includes music used in television. It was established in its current form in 2014, however, the current director of music is Bob Shennan, who is also the controller of BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 6 Music and the BBC Asian Network. BBC Music had its launch at 20,00 on 7 October 2014. BBC Music is responsible for the music played across the BBC and these include Radio 1s Big Weekend, Live in Hyde Park and In Concert for Radio 2, the BBC Proms, and the BBC6 Music festival. It will also coordinate the BBCs coverage of live music events such as the Glastonbury Festival, T in the Park. It also features playlists created by BBC radio DJs and presenters such as Jo Whiley, Greg James, Steve Lamacq, Zane Lowe and Fearne Cotton. Additionally, it coordinates the production of the BBC Music Awards and also oversees BBC Introducing, BBC Music Magazine BBC Music at BBC Online
13.
Nash Country Weekly
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Nash Country Weekly was an American lifestyle weekly magazine about country artists and their music. It was in circulation between April 1994 and May 2016, the magazine was established in 1994. It focused on country music stars and events, and regularly featured exclusive interviews with recording artists, Country Weekly also cosponsored the CMT/TNN Country Weekly Music Awards, at the time the only nationally televised country music awards show that allowed fans to vote for the winners. In February 2009, Country Weekly reverted to a weekly magazine, the magazine also dropped subscriptions at that point, and changed its logo. The magazine was renamed Nash Country Weekly in June 2015, as a means of co-branding with Nash FM, Nash Country Weekly closed its print publication in April 2016
14.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
15.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
16.
People (magazine)
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People is an American weekly magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. With a readership of 46.6 million adults, People has the largest audience of any American magazine, People had $997 million in advertising revenue in 2011, the highest advertising revenue of any American magazine. In 2006, it had a circulation of 3.75 million and it was named Magazine of the Year by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Ages annual A-list and #3 on Adweeks Brand Blazers list in October 2006, the magazine runs a roughly 50/50 mix of celebrity and human-interest articles. Peoples website, People. com, focuses on celebrity news, in February 2015, the website broke a new record,72 million unique visitors. People is perhaps best known for its special issues naming the Worlds Most Beautiful, Best & Worst Dressed. The magazines headquarters are in New York and it maintains editorial bureaus in Los Angeles, for economic reasons it closed bureaus in Austin, Miami, and Chicago in 2006. In December 2016, LaTavia Roberson engaged in a feud with People after alleging they misquoted and misrepresented her interview online. The concept for People has been attributed to Andrew Heiskell, Time Inc. s chief executive officer at the time, the founding managing editor of People was Richard B. Stolley, an assistant managing editor at Life and the journalist who acquired the Zapruder tapes of the John F. Kennedy assassination for Time Inc. in 1963. Peoples first publisher was Richard J. Durrell, another Time Inc. veteran, Stolley characterized the magazine as getting back to the people who are causing the news and who are caught up in it, or deserve to be in it. Our focus is on people, not issues, stolleys almost religious determination to keep the magazine people-focused contributed significantly to its rapid early success. It is said that although Time Inc. pumped an estimated $40 million into the venture, initially, the magazine was sold primarily on newsstands and in supermarkets. To get the magazine out each week, founding staff members regularly slept on the floor of their offices two or three nights each week and severely limited all non-essential outside engagements. The premier edition for the week ending March 4,1974 featured actress Mia Farrow, then starring in the movie The Great Gatsby and that issue also featured stories on Gloria Vanderbilt, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and the wives of U. S. Vietnam veterans who were Missing In Action, the magazine was, apart from its cover, printed in black-and-white. The initial cover price was 35 cents, the core of the small founding editorial team included other editors, writers, photographers and photo editors from Life magazine, which had ceased publication just 13 months earlier. This group included managing editor Stolley, senior editors Hal Wingo, Sam Angeloff and Robert Emmett Ginna, writers James Watters and Ronald B
17.
Focus on the Family
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Focus on the Family is an American Christian conservative organization founded in 1977 by psychologist James Dobson, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is active in promoting an interdenominational effort toward its socially conservative views on public policy, Focus on the Family is one of a number of evangelical parachurch organizations that rose to prominence in the 1980s. Focus on the Familys stated mission is nurturing and defending the God-ordained institution of the family and it promotes abstinence-only sexual education, creationism, adoption by married, opposite-sex parents, school prayer, and traditional gender roles. It opposes abortion, divorce, gambling, LGBT rights, particularly LGBT adoption and same-sex marriage, pornography, pre-marital sex, psychologists, psychiatrists, and social scientists have criticized Focus on the Family for trying to misrepresent their research to bolster FOTFs fundamentalist political agenda and ideology. The organization also produces programs for targeted audiences, such as Adventures in Odyssey for children, dramas, from 1977 to 2003, James Dobson served as the sole leader of the organization. In 2003, Donald P. Hodel became president and chief executive officer and this left Dobson as chairman of the board of directors, with chiefly creative and speaking duties. Focus on the Family aims to equip families through radio broadcasts, websites, simulcasts, conferences, interactive forums, magazines, books, and counseling. In March 2005, Hodel retired and Jim Daly, formerly the Vice President in charge of Focus on the Familys International Division, assumed the role of president, in November 2008, the organization announced that it was eliminating 202 jobs, representing 18 percent of its workforce. The organization also cut its budget from $160 million in fiscal 2008 to $138 million for fiscal 2009 and he is no longer affiliated with Focus on the Family. Focus on the Family sees its primary ministry as helping couples “build healthy marriages that reflect Gods design”, based on what it sees as “morals, Focus on the Family formed Love Won Out, an ex-gay ministry, in 1998 and sold it to Exodus International in 2009. Focus on the Familys Wait No More ministry works with agencies, church leaders. The program co-sponsors several adoption conferences throughout the country each year, since November 2008, more than 2,700 families have started the adoption process through Wait No More. In Colorado, the number of waiting for adoption dropped from about 800 to 350. Focus on the Family supports laws to prevent couples from adopting who are cohabiting together outside of marriage as well as homosexual couples. Focus on the Familys Option Ultrasound Program provides grants to qualifying crisis pregnancy centers to cover 80 percent of the cost of a machine or sonography training. As of October 31,2014, the program has provided 655 grants to centers in all 50 states and Bucharest, Focus on the Family began OUP in 2004 with the goal of convincing women not to have abortions. FOTF officials said that ultrasound services help a woman better understand her pregnancy and babys development, the Option Ultrasound Program reported in 2014 that it has helped prevent more than 270,000 abortions since 2004. A study released in February 2012 shows that ultrasounds do not have a impact on an abortion decision
18.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
19.
Rick Santorum
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Richard John Rick Santorum is an American attorney and Republican Party politician. He served as a United States Senator representing Pennsylvania and was the Senates third-ranking Republican and he ran as a candidate for the 2012 Republican Party presidential nomination, finishing second to the eventual Republican nominee Mitt Romney. In January 2017, he became a CNN political commentator, Santorum was elected as a United States Senator for Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his bid in 2006. A devout, practicing Catholic, Santorum is a conservative who opposes same-sex marriage. While serving as a senator, Santorum was the author of what came to be known as the Santorum Amendment, in 2005, Santorum introduced the Workplace Religious Freedom Act along with Senator John Kerry. In the years following his departure from the Senate, Santorum worked as a consultant, private-practice lawyer, on June 6,2011, Santorum announced his run for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U. S. presidential election. Upon announcing his campaign suspension on April 10,2012, he had won 11 primaries and caucuses and received nearly 4 million votes, Santorum officially endorsed Romney on May 7,2012. On May 27,2015, Santorum announced his candidacy for the 2016 presidential election and he ended his campaign on February 3,2016. Richard John Santorum was born in Winchester, Virginia, Santorum grew up in Berkeley County, West Virginia, and Butler County, Pennsylvania. In West Virginia, his family lived in an apartment provided by the Veterans Administration, Santorum attended elementary school at Butler Catholic School and then went on to the Butler Senior High School. He was nicknamed Rooster, supposedly for both a cowlick strand of hair and a nature, particularly on important political issues. After his parents transferred to the Naval Station Great Lakes in northern Illinois, Santorum attended the Roman Catholic Carmel High School in Mundelein, Illinois, for one year, while at Penn State, Santorum joined the Tau Epsilon Phi fraternity. He then completed a one-year MBA program at the University of Pittsburghs Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, in 1986, Santorum received a JD degree with honors from Dickinson School of Law. Santorum first became involved in politics in the 1970s through volunteering for Senator John Heinz. Santorum left his law practice in 1990 after his election to the House of Representatives. Having been groomed by Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, Santorum decided Democratic congressman Doug Walgren was vulnerable, needing money and political support, he courted GOP activist and major donor Elsie Hillman, the chair of the state Republican Party. In 1990, at age 32, Santorum was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives to represent Pennsylvanias 18th congressional district and he scored a significant upset in the heavily Democratic district, defeating seven-term Democratic incumbent Doug Walgren by a 51%–49% margin
20.
Bible
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The Bible is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans. Many different authors contributed to the Bible, what is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups, a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents. The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint, the New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek. These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect. Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups and this concept arose during the Protestant Reformation, and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching. With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies, the Bible is widely considered to be the book of all time. It has estimated sales of 100 million copies, and has been a major influence on literature and history, especially in the West. The English word Bible is from the Latin biblia, from the word in Medieval Latin and Late Latin. Medieval Latin biblia is short for biblia sacra holy book, while biblia in Greek and it gradually came to be regarded as a feminine singular noun in medieval Latin, and so the word was loaned as a singular into the vernaculars of Western Europe. Latin biblia sacra holy books translates Greek τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια ta biblia ta hagia, the word βιβλίον itself had the literal meaning of paper or scroll and came to be used as the ordinary word for book. It is the diminutive of βύβλος byblos, Egyptian papyrus, possibly so called from the name of the Phoenician sea port Byblos from whence Egyptian papyrus was exported to Greece, the Greek ta biblia was an expression Hellenistic Jews used to describe their sacred books. Christian use of the term can be traced to c.223 CE, bruce notes that Chrysostom appears to be the first writer to use the Greek phrase ta biblia to describe both the Old and New Testaments together. The division of the Hebrew Bible into verses is based on the sof passuk cantillation mark used by the 10th-century Masoretes to record the verse divisions used in oral traditions. The oldest extant copy of a complete Bible is an early 4th-century parchment book preserved in the Vatican Library, the oldest copy of the Tanakh in Hebrew and Aramaic dates from the 10th century CE. The oldest copy of a complete Latin Bible is the Codex Amiatinus and he states that it is not a magical book, nor was it literally written by God and passed to mankind. In Christian Bibles, the New Testament Gospels were derived from traditions in the second half of the first century CE. Riches says that, Scholars have attempted to reconstruct something of the history of the oral traditions behind the Gospels, the period of transmission is short, less than 40 years passed between the death of Jesus and the writing of Marks Gospel. This means that there was time for oral traditions to assume fixed form
21.
Trick Pony
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Trick Pony is an American country music group. It was formed in 1996 by Heidi Newfield, Keith Burns, the group recorded three studio albums, Trick Pony, On a Mission and R. I. D. E. Released in 2001,2002 and 2005, respectively and these albums produced eight charted singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including four Top 20 hits, Pour Me, On a Night like This, Just What I Do and On a Mission. In 2006, Newfield departed for a career, and Aubrey Collins stepped in on lead vocals for roughly six months. The group disbanded after Collins and Dean left in 2007 and 2008, Newfield released a solo debut album, What Am I Waiting For, in 2008 on Curb Records, while Burns joined singer Michelle Poe to form a duo called Burns & Poe. Burns, Dean, and Newfield reformed the group in late 2013, the revived lineup released one more album, Pony Up, via Permian Records in 2016. Trick Pony was formed in 1996 by guitarist Keith Burns and bass guitarist Ira Dean, both musicians had experience as backing musicians for other country music acts, Burns had previously worked with Joe Diffie, and Dean with Tanya Tucker. Keith and Ira decided to form a group composed of two men and a woman, completing the lineup was lead singer Heidi Newfield, a friend of Burns then-wife. The trio began touring throughout the Southern United States and performed regularly at 8 Seconds Saloon in Indianapolis, by 2000, Trick Pony was signed to a record deal with Warner Bros. The trio released its debut album that year. Serving as its single was Pour Me which reached a peak of number 12 on the Billboard country music charts. The albums next two singles were On a Night like This and Just What I Do, which reached numbers 4 and 13 on the country singles charts. In 2001, the trio received the Artist of the Year award from the Country Music Association. On a Mission was the title of Trick Ponys second album, although its David Lee Murphy-penned title track reached Top 20 on the country charts, the second single failed to enter Top 40, and the group was dropped from Warner Bros. roster shortly afterward. In 2004, Trick Pony was signed to its record deal. The groups sixth single overall, entitled The Bride, was issued that year, serving as the lead-off to their studio album. Whose title is an abbreviation for Rebellious Individuals Delivering Entertainment, the second single from R. I. D. E. was a cover of Bonnie Tylers Its a Heartache. Trick Ponys version of the peaked at number 22 on the country music charts
22.
Heidi Newfield
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Heidi Newfield is an American country music artist. She was lead singer, rhythm guitarist and harmonica player for the group Trick Pony, alongside Keith Burns and Ira Dean from 1996 until 2006, Newfield has begun her solo career on Curb Records, debuting in 2008 with the single, Johnny & June. This song, which peaked at No.11 on the Hot Country Songs charts, is the first release from her debut album, What Am I Waiting For. Heidi Newfield was born October 4,1970, in Healdsburg, by age 13, she had decided to pursue a career in country music. In 1996, she joined Keith Burns and Ira Dean to form the group Trick Pony, Newfield recorded three albums as a member of Trick Pony, Trick Pony, On a Mission and R. I. D. E. These albums accounted for eight singles on the Billboard country charts, including the groups highest peaking, Newfield sang lead vocals on most of the groups songs, including every single except Just What I Do. She also played guitar and harmonica and co-wrote several songs on each album. Newfield announced her departure from Trick Pony in 2006, later that same year, Newfield began working with record producer Tony Brown to record her solo album for Curb Records, the same label to which Trick Pony was signed from 2004 to 2008. Her debut single, Johnny & June, entered the charts in early 2008. Johnny & June peaked at number 11 on the charts, in late September 2008. This song, originally recorded by Martina McBride on her album Waking Up Laughing, the title track was released as the albums third single on May 4,2009 and reached 57. In November 2010, Newfield announced that she would be working with producer Blake Chancey on a second album. Its first single, Stay Up Late, which was written by Ben Hayslip, Sonya Isaacs, in April 2012, Curb Records revived Sidewalk Records and signed Newfield as the flagship artist for the label. Newfields first single for Sidewalk, Why’d You Have to Be So Good, written by Jeffrey Steele and Jeremy Popoff, Newfield married National Football League agent Bill Johnson on June 6,2004. On Sept.14,2011, she announced that she had filed for divorce, Newfield, pictured in a faded NRA Country ballcap for American Hunter magazine discussed her favorite types of hunting and her love of the outdoors. The NRA named Heidi Newfield as their NRA Country Artist of the Month, in the article Newfield discussed life on the road and her genuine love of the outdoors. She was quoted as saying that her favorite hunting season is deer season because of the cold weather, Newfield talks about enjoying wild hog roasts and big, warm fires in addition to hunting blacktail deer near her home in Northern California. Further, Newfield shared with NRA Country that “Country is much more than the place you were born, to me, it’s about having a love for our beautiful land and a respect for this great nation’s founding principles
23.
What Am I Waiting For
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What Am I Waiting For is the debut solo album from American country music singer Heidi Newfield, formerly the lead vocalist in the group Trick Pony. It was released on August 5,2008 on Curb Records, the albums lead-off single, Johnny & June, peaked at number 11 on the Hot Country Songs charts. This song was followed by Cry, Cry, which peaked at number 29, what Am I Waiting For debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 10 with 34,000 copies sold in its first week. Johnny & June is the first single release from this album, co-written by Newfield, Stephony Smith and Deanna Bryant, this song peaked at number 11 on the Billboard country singles charts in late 2008. Following it is the number 29-peaking Cry Cry, which Martina McBride previously recorded on her 2007 album Waking Up Laughing. The albums title track, the single, debuted in May 2009 at number 57 before falling off the chart. Both it and Nothin Burns Like a Memory were co-written by Ira Dean and Keith Burns, also covered on this album is Cant Let Go, originally recorded by Lucinda Williams on her album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road. The album has received mixed reviews, with favorable reviews focusing on Newfields singing as well as the range of material in comparison to her work in Trick Pony. Ken Tucker of Billboard gave a review, saying that the album showed a broader scope in subject material than the party-oriented material that she recorded in Trick Pony. Tucker thought that Browns production worked well with the project and helped Newfield to expand her musical range, dawn Pomento of Country Standard Time gave a favorable review as well, saying that many of the songs were strengthened by Newfields muscular and lithe voice and Browns production. About. com review Matt Sexton rated the album four out of five, saying that Cant Let Go. He highlighted Johnny & June as a track, even though he thought that its impact was diminished by previous singles whose titles were also the names of singers. Cry Cry, which he called a puerile self-help anthem, and Nothing Burns Like a Memory, allmusic critic Thom Jurek gave it two-and-a-half out of five
24.
Gordie Sampson
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Gordie Sampson is a Grammy award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and producer from Big Pond, Nova Scotia. Beginning his career as a performer on his island of Cape Breton. He has written songs for Carrie Underwood, Keith Urban, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert and he has also released four albums to date as a solo performer. He remembers being surrounded by fiddlers, who were common in Cape Breton. Initially, he had no interest in music, but only wanted to be in a rocknroll band. He taught himself to play guitar and played in bands in both junior high and high school. Sampson attended Riverview Rural High School in the late 1980s and his first band was called Ricochet, he played with them at age 17, straight out of high school, going on a six-month tour of the Maritimes. After that, in the early 1990s, he was invited to join the Nova Scotia band Realworld with brothers Jamie, the group released one CD, Dig, three singles from the album, all co-written by Sampson, were Top 10 hits in Canada in 1994. But the band was growing apart, and broke up later that year, after Realworld disbanded, Sampson found himself increasingly interested in exploring the traditional Celtic music for which Cape Breton is well known. Gigging with local musicians led him to a place in Ashley MacIsaacs band just as MacIsaac was seeking a fusion of traditional Celtic music with contemporary rocknroll, Sampson co-wrote two songs on MacIsaacs successful 1996 debut album, Hi™ How Are You Today. Around this same time, Sampson became a part of Rita MacNeils band and he also toured with the Nova Scotia-based family music group The Rankin Family. The album was nominated for a Juno Award, the single, Sorry, in the late 1990s, Sampson also began to concentrate more on his songwriting, with the aim of getting other musicians to record his songs. Over time he began to see how challenging this was going to be from his Cape Breton hometown, in 2005, he moved with his wife and baby to Nashville, even though knew very little about country music at that point. Sampson has said that the song was inspired by the death of an acquaintance in a car accident on a highway in Nova Scotia two years earlier, Jesus, Take the Wheel was co-written with Brett James and Hillary Lindsey. Sampson has been quoted as saying that the success of Jesus and he has since written songs which have been recorded by Faith Hill, Keith Urban, Trace Adkins, LeAnn Rimes, Martina McBride, Willie Nelson, and many other well-known country performers. He wrote the song Any Other Day for the 2007 Bon Jovi album Lost Highway and he has produced albums for Natalie McMaster and Damhnait Doyle. Sampson has also recorded three solo albums since his 1998 debut. His second CD, Sunburn, was written in partnership with Troy Verges
25.
Hillary Lindsey
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Hillary Lindsey is an American singer-songwriter. Lindsey won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song for Carrie Underwoods Jesus, in 2011, Lindsey received an Academy Award nomination for Coming Home, recorded by Gwyneth Paltrow for the soundtrack of Country Strong, in the Best Original Song category. Coming Home also received a Golden Globe that same year for Best Original Song along with Theres A Place For Us, as of 2015, she has had 15 number one singles as a writer. She has been nominated twice for the prestigious Grammy Award for Song of the Year for her work on Jesus Take the Wheel, in addition to co-writing eight songs for Carrie Underwoods 2012 release Blown Away, Lindsey is credited with providing backing vocals on the album. In 1994, Lindsey moved to Nashville to enroll in Belmont Universitys music business school and she tells the story of a roommate who had an internship at a record label and took one of her tapes into work with her. The tape was passed around to publishers, and Lindsey was quickly signed to Famous Music Publishing, in her first year as a writer she had eight cuts. She had her first number one song as a writer in 2002 with Martina McBrides Blessed, six of her ten number ones as a writer are Carrie Underwood tracks including Jesus Take The Wheel, Wasted, So Small, Just A Dream, Last Name and Two Black Cadillacs. Thirty million records have been sold featuring her compositions and she has had two songs featured on the ABC television series Nashville, Telescope performed by Hayden Panettiere and Change Your Mind performed by Clare Bowen and Sam Palladio
26.
String section
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The string section is the largest body of a single instrument category in the standard Classical orchestra. It normally consists of the first violins, the violins, the violas, the cellos. The first and second play the same types of instruments. The first violins are generally given the melody or higher-pitch musical lines, the second violins may play a harmony part, a countermelody or an accompaniment passage. In discussions of the instrumentation of a work, the phrase the strings or. An orchestra consisting solely of a section is called a string orchestra. Smaller string sections are used in jazz, pop and rock music arrangements, the most common seating arrangement in the 2000s is with first violins, second violins, violas and cello sections arrayed clockwise around the conductor, with basses behind the cellos on the right. The principal string players sit at the front of their section, closest to the conductor and on the row of performers which is closest to the audience. If space or numbers are limited, cellos and basses can be put in the middle, violins and violas on the left and winds to the right, this is the usual arrangement in orchestra pits. The seating may also be specified by the composer, as in Béla Bartóks Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta, in some cases, due to space constraints or other issues, a different layout may be used. The inside player typically turns the pages of the part, while the player continues playing. In cases where a turn occurs during an essential musical part. There are more variations of set-up with the bass section, depending on the size of the section. There are not usually as many basses as cellos, so they are either in one row, or for a larger section, in some orchestras, some or all of the string sections may be placed on wooden risers, which are platforms that elevate the performers. The size of a section may be expressed with a formula of the type 10-10-8-10-6, designating the number of first violins, second violins, violas, cellos. The numbers can vary widely, Wagner in Die Walküre specifies 16-16-12-12-8, in general, music from the Baroque music era and the Classical music period used smaller string sections. During the contemporary era, some composers requested smaller string sections. In some regional orchestras, amateur orchestras and youth orchestras, the sections may be relatively small
27.
David Campbell (composer)
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David Richard Campbell is an arranger, composer and conductor. Campbell was born in Toronto, Ontario and his father, D. Warren Campbell, was from Winnipeg, Manitoba, but was attending seminary in Toronto in order to become a Presbyterian minister. Campbell subsequently was assigned to a church in Pittsburgh, taking his family with him, Campbell took up the violin at age 9. At age 12, he began venturing into orchestration, studying the works of Bartók, Schoenberg, in the late 1960s, after studying at Manhattan School of Music, Campbell moved from New York to Los Angeles and began studying pop music. He studied the music of The Beatles, Leonard Cohen and The Rolling Stones, at age 23, Campbell played on his first major album, Tapestry, by Carole King. This led to his first arranger role, for Kings Rhymes, Campbell also played viola on recording sessions such as Marvin Gayes Lets Get It On and Bill Withers Lean on Me. As a composer, David has written music for films including Joy, Paper Tigers. He has also arranged and orchestrated music for over 80 films including Annie, Foxcatcher, August, Osage County, Rock of Ages, Dreamgirls, North Country, in 2010 he worked with Nigel Godrich on the score for Scott Pilgrim vs. In recent years, he has conducted at the Hollywood Bowl for Faith Hill, Death Cab for Cutie, Ray LaMontagne, Beck, Sheryl Crow, Willie Nelson and he collaborated with Muse for the performance of Survival, the official song of the London Olympics. In February 2009 Campbell arranged Radioheads 15 Step for the collaboration with the USC Marching Band at the 2009 Grammy Awards. Reilly, Jack Black and Jarvis Cocker and he arranged and orchestrated for the Seattle Symphony and Pickwicks Sonic Evolution show on June 6,2014. In 2003, Campbell served as conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra during their performance with Kiss. During the concert, Campbell and the members of the orchestra wore the iconic Kiss makeup along with the members of the band and he created song arrangements, dance arrangements, underscoring and orchestrations for the Broadway musical Spider-Man, Turn Off the Dark. Campbell has two sons and one daughter, musician Beck Hansen, artist Channing Hansen, and musician Alyssa Suede and he is married to theatrical composer Raven Kane. His father was a Presbyterian minister but Campbell himself has been a Scientologist for over 45 years, in 2012, he donated to Ron Pauls campaign in the United States Presidential election. Partial list of films that David Campbells work contributed to
28.
Blue Bayou
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Blue Bayou is the title of a song written by Roy Orbison and Joe Melson. It was originally sung and recorded by Orbison, who had a hit with his version in 1963. It later became Linda Ronstadts signature song, with which she scored a hit with her cover of Blue Bayou in 1977. The song has since recorded by many other artists over the years. In the UK both sides peaked at number 3 as a double A-sided single on London Monument, HLU9777, the song also appeared on Orbisons 1963 full-length album In Dreams. Blue Bayou reappeared on his 1989 posthumous album A Black & White Night Live, US, Monument Records 824 Side one Blue Bayou –2,29 - Recorded in late 1961. It also reached number 2, for four weeks, on the Cash Box Top 100 chart, the single was RIAA certified Gold in January 1978. It was the first of Ronstadts three Gold singles, don Henley of the Eagles sang backup on the recording. Blue Bayou was later certified Platinum and it was a worldwide smash and was also popular in a Spanish-language version called Lago Azul. Ronstadt later performed the song on an episode of The Muppet Show, because of this song, Dicksons Baseball Dictionary records that a Linda Ronstadt is a synonym for a fastball, a pitch that blew by you. That phrase was coined by Mets broadcaster Tim McCarver, during a Mets telecast in the 80s, swiss,2012, on the single Blue Bayou. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
29.
Roy Orbison
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Roy Kelton Orbison, nicknamed the Big O, was an American singer-songwriter and musician, known for his distinctive, impassioned voice, complex compositions and dark emotional ballads. The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic, between 1960 and 1964,22 of his songs placed on the Billboard Top 40, including Only the Lonely, Crying, and Oh, Pretty Woman. Orbison grew up in Texas and began singing in a rockabilly and country and he was signed by Sun Records in 1956, but his greatest success came with Monument Records in the early 1960s. His career stagnated in the 1970s, but was revived by several versions of his songs. In 1988, he was a member of the Traveling Wilburys supergroup, along with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty and he recorded his last solo album, Mystery Girl, the same year but died of a heart attack shortly thereafter. While most male rock and roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbisons songs instead conveyed a quiet, almost desperate and his voice ranged from baritone to tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range. During performances, he was known for standing still and solitary, and for wearing black clothes and dark sunglasses, which lent an air of mystery to his persona. His honors include inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in the year. Rolling Stone placed him at number 37 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time, in 2002, Billboard magazine listed Orbison at number 74 in the Top 600 recording artists. Roy Kelton Orbison was born in Vernon, Texas, the son of Orbie Lee Orbison, an oil well driller and car mechanic, and Nadine Vesta Shults. Both of his parents were unemployed during the Great Depression and, searching for work, moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas and he attended Denver Avenue Elementary School until a polio scare prompted the family to return to Vernon. Later, they moved to Wink, Texas, Orbison later described life in Wink as football, oil fields, oil, grease and sand and expressed relief that he was able to leave the desolate town. All the Orbison children were afflicted with poor eyesight, Roy used thick corrective lenses from an early age and he was not confident about his appearance and began dyeing his nearly-white hair black when he was still young. He was quiet and self-effacing, remarkably polite and obliging — a product, biographer Alan Clayson wrote and he was readily available to sing, however, and often became the focus of attention when he did. He considered his voice memorable, if not great, on Roys sixth birthday, his father gave him a guitar. He later recalled that by the age of seven, I was finished, you know, for anything else and his major musical influence as a youth was country music. He was particularly moved by Lefty Frizzells singing, with its slurred syllables and he also enjoyed Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers. One of the first musicians he heard in person was Ernest Tubb, in West Texas, he was exposed to many forms of music, sepia, Tex-Mex, the orchestral arrangements of Mantovani and cajun
30.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
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