1.
Walker Art Center
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The Walker Art Center is a multidisciplinary contemporary art center in the Lowry Hill neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The museums permanent collection includes over 13,000 modern and contemporary art pieces including books, costumes, drawings, media works, paintings, photography, prints, the Walker Art Center began 1879 as a personal art gallery in the home of lumber baron Thomas Barlow Walker. Walker formally established his collection as the Walker Art Gallery in 1927, with the support of the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration, the Walker Art Gallery became the Walker Art Center in January 1940. The Walker celebrated its 75th anniversary as an art center in 2015. The Walkers building, designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and opened in May 1971, Swiss architects Herzog & de Meurons addition included an additional gallery space, a theater, restaurant, shop, and special events space. The Visual Arts program has been a part of the Walker Art Center since its founding, the program includes an ongoing cycle of exhibitions in the galleries as well as a permanent collection of acquired, donated, and commissioned works. The Walker’s collection represents works of modern and contemporary art, especially focused after 1960, the Walker’s holdings include more than 13,000 individual pieces including books, costumes, drawings, media works, paintings, photography, prints, and sculpture. In 2015, the Walker celebrated the 75th anniversary of its founding as an art center with a yearlong exhibition. In 1940, the Walker began presenting local dance, poetry, by 1963, this group had become Center Opera, the Walker’s performing arts program focused on exhibiting new works emphasizing visual design. In 1970, Center Opera disbanded from the Walker and became Minnesota Opera, the same year, Performing Arts was officially designated as a department of the Walker Art Center. Since the 1960s, Performing Arts at the Walker has commissioned 265 performance works, in addition, the department programs a 25-show season every year that includes performances ranging from performance art, theater, dance, spoken word and music. It is one of the largest performing arts programs of its kind found in a museum in the nation. As a longtime associate of the Merce Cunning ham Dance Company, the agreement included sculptures, sets, costumes and other works by artists like Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns. The Walker Art Centers film and video programs feature both contemporary and historical works, in the 1940s, the Walker identified moving images as integral to contemporary life. Artists of that time were experimenting with film’s formal properties, such as light, motion, in 1973, the Film/Video Department was officially formed and the Edmond R. Ruben Film and Video Study Collection was established, along with an endowment to fund the development of the archive. Ruben, a figure in film exhibition in the Upper Midwest. Today, with more than eight hundred fifty titles, the Ruben Collection brings together classic and contemporary cinema as well as documentaries, avant-garde films, the Walker Art Center maintains a professional, in-house design and editorial department to fulfill its various communication needs. Additionally, the department organizes design-related projects and programs, such as lectures, exhibitions, during the 1940s, the Walker built two idea houses exhibiting the latest in building materials, furnishings and architectural design trends
2.
Liverpool City Centre
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Liverpool city centre is the commercial, cultural, financial and historical heart of Liverpool, England, and its surrounding region. The inner city districts of Vauxhall, Everton, Edge Hill, Kensington, the immediate city centre consists of the postal districts of L1, L2 and L3, although L6, L7 and L8 cover some parts of the outer city centre also. The resident population of the city centre has grown dramatically over the last decade and now stands at around 36,000 people and climbing. Liverpool was granted borough status in 1207, and the seven streets of the settlement can now be found within the commercial district of Liverpool city centre. Six areas within Liverpool city Centre form the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City which is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site, Liverpool city centre is one of the most architecturally significant locations in the country. Areas within Liverpool city centre consist of areas that define the centre of Liverpool. Not to be confused with trendy and modern business terms and definitions, canning is an alternative name for the elegant and mainly Georgian collection of terraced streets at the edge of the city centre, often referred to as the Georgian Quarter. Centred on Church Street and Lord Street, this contains many shops. The Chinatown in Liverpool city centre is home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe, Chinese are now the largest visible ethnic minority group in the city numbering up to 30,000. Numerous Chinese-owned supermarkets, restaurants and community groups are spread across Liverpools Chinatown, the Liverpool Chinese Gospel Church and the Liverpool Chinese Christian Disciples Church are also located within the area. The arch located at the gateway to Chinatown, Liverpool is also the largest of its kind outside of China, Liverpools commercial district is a term given by business to distinguish Liverpools business and commercial centre from the rest of the city centre. It is centred on Old Hall Street and is the heart of Liverpool. Many businesses and companies have a presence in the area. Since the mid-2000s many new building and redevelopment projects have taken place in the commercial district, some notable properties within the commercial district include the headquarters of the Post & Echo and offices of Unisys, HM Passport Office, BT and Maersk Line. The table below shows the tallest buildings within the commercial district, William Brown Street William Brown Street is adjacent to St Georges Hall and St Johns Garden, close to Lime Street Station. It is a pedestrianised street featuring several significant buildings constructed in the latter half of the 19th century. The Library and Museum was designed by John Weightman, to its east the Walker Art Gallery and Picton Reading Room built in the 1870s, in front of them stands the Nelson Column, erected 1861-1863. Hope Street and its vicinity is notable for a number of reasons
3.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
4.
Merseyrail
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Merseyrail is both a train operating company and a commuter rail network, in Liverpool City Region, England. It is a part of Serco-Abellio, and is formed of two electrified lines of the National Rail network known as the Northern Line and the Wirral Line which run underground in central Liverpool. The Merseyrail network has 67 stations and 75 miles of route, carrying approximately 110,000 passengers each weekday, or 34 million passenger journeys per year, it forms one of the most heavily used railway networks in the UK outside London. It is operated by a joint venture between Serco and Abellio, which took over the franchise from Arriva Trains Merseyside in 2003 and it operates a fleet of 59 trains and employs 1,200 people. Separate rail lines were integrated into one network in 1977 with the construction of new tunnels under Liverpool city centre and this created a large, comprehensive urban railway network. Although financial constraints have prevented some of the 1970s plans for the network being realised, the Merseyrail name became the official brand for the network in the days of British Rail, surviving several franchise holders, although the name was not used by Arriva when holding the franchise. Despite this, Merseytravel continued the Merseyrail branding at stations, allowing the name to be adopted colloquially, Merseyrail is referred to as Merseyrail Electrics by National Rail Enquiries, and as Serco/Abellio Merseyrail by Merseytravel. The City Line is operated primarily by Northern with funding from Merseytravel and it is mainly diesel operated with one branch electrified on the 25 kV overhead system. Two more City Line branches have been electrified and now operate Northern Electric services however work to complete the project is still ongoing. Trains on the Northern Line and Wirral Line cover the Liverpool suburban area and their total track length is 75 miles, with 67 stations. They connect Liverpool city centre with cities and towns on the reaches of the city region, such as Southport. Frequent intermediate stops serve other sections of the urban area, the three lines interchange as follows, Northern and City Line services interchange at Liverpool South Parkway and Hunts Cross in the south of the city. Wirral and City Lines interchange at Lime Street in the city centre, Northern and Wirral lines interchange at Liverpool Central and Moorfields in the city centre. The Northern Line is shown in blue on the Merseyrail map, each route operates a train every 15 minutes from Monday to Saturday, giving a frequent interval between trains on the central section. Some additional trains run at peak hours on the Southport line, on matchdays at the stadiums of Liverpool F. C. s Anfield and Everton F. C. s Goodison Park, Northern Line services connect with the SoccerBus service at Sandhills to transport fans to the stadiums. The buses depart at frequent intervals from Sandhills station and a ticket combining both methods of travel is available, Kirkdale station is within walking distance of Goodison Park. The Wirral Line is shown in green on the Merseyrail map, services operate from the four terminus stations of, Chester, Ellesmere Port, New Brighton and West Kirby. Trains head back into the Mersey Railway Tunnel back to one of the Wirrals terminus stations, monday-Saturday services are every 15 minutes from Liverpool to Chester, New Brighton and West Kirby, and every 30 minutes to Ellesmere Port
5.
Liverpool Lime Street railway station
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Liverpool Lime Street is a terminus railway station, and the main station serving the city centre of Liverpool. Opened in August 1836, it is the oldest grand terminus mainline station still in use in the world, a large building constructed in the Renaissance Revival style fronts the station. A branch of the West Coast Main Line from London Euston terminates at the station, as well as TransPennine Express trains, the underground Lime Street Wirral Line station on the Merseyrail network is accessed via the main terminus. Lime Street is the largest and oldest railway station in Liverpool, the original terminus of the 1830 Liverpool and Manchester Railway was located at Crown Street, in Edge Hill, to the east of and outside the city centre. A new station in the city centre was needed, construction of a purpose-built station at Lime Street in the city centre began in October 1833, the land was purchased from Liverpool Corporation for £9,000. A twin track tunnel was constructed between Edge Hill and the new station before the station was built in 1832, it was used to building materials for the station. The architects were Cunningham and Holme, and John Foster Jr, the station opened to the public in August 1836, although construction was not completed until the following year. This building was designed with four gateways, two of which were intentionally nonfunctional. Due to the steep incline uphill from Lime Street to Edge Hill, locomotives were removed from the trains and the passenger carriages were taken down by gravity, with the descent controlled by brakemen in a brake van. The return journey was achieved by using a steam engine, located at Edge Hill. This system, constructed by Mather, Dixon and Company under the direction of John Grantham, within six years of opening, the rapid growth of the railways required expansion of the original station. A plan was formed to erect an iron roof similar to found at Euston station in London. However, Richard Turner and William Fairburn submitted a design for a curved roof. The work cost £15,000 and was completed in 1849 with the involvement of William Tite. Meanwhile, in 1845, the L&MR had been absorbed by its business partner, the Grand Junction Railway. A group of four columns, adjoining platform 1 and attributed to Edward Woods, by 1857, two granite columns had been erected outside the station entrance, and had become known as the Candlesticks. In 1867 further expansion was needed and included the present northern arched train shed, designed by William Baker and Francis Stevenson and with a span of 200 feet, it was the largest in the world at the time. It was also the first train shed in which iron was used throughout, a second parallel southern train shed was completed in 1879, designed by Stevenson and E. W. Ives, notably, it was of dry construction and each bay took only three days to build
Liverpool Lime Street
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