1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
3.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
4.
City
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A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, a big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas. Once a city expands far enough to another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world, in terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. There is not enough evidence to assert what conditions gave rise to the first cities, some theorists have speculated on what they consider suitable pre-conditions and basic mechanisms that might have been important driving forces. The conventional view holds that cities first formed after the Neolithic revolution, the Neolithic revolution brought agriculture, which made denser human populations possible, thereby supporting city development. The advent of farming encouraged hunter-gatherers to abandon nomadic lifestyles and to settle near others who lived by agricultural production, the increased population density encouraged by farming and the increased output of food per unit of land created conditions that seem more suitable for city-like activities. In his book, Cities and Economic Development, Paul Bairoch takes up position in his argument that agricultural activity appears necessary before true cities can form. According to Vere Gordon Childe, for a settlement to qualify as a city, it must have enough surplus of raw materials to support trade and a relatively large population. To illustrate this point, Bairoch offers an example, Western Europe during the pre-Neolithic, when the cost of transport is taken into account, the figure rises to 200,000 square kilometres. Bairoch noted that this is roughly the size of Great Britain, the urban theorist Jane Jacobs suggests that city formation preceded the birth of agriculture, but this view is not widely accepted. In his book City Economics, Brendan OFlaherty asserts Cities could persist—as they have for thousands of years—only if their advantages offset the disadvantages, OFlaherty illustrates two similar attracting advantages known as increasing returns to scale and economies of scale, which are concepts usually associated with businesses. Their applications are seen in more basic economic systems as well, increasing returns to scale occurs when doubling all inputs more than doubles the output an activity has economies of scale if doubling output less than doubles cost. To offer an example of these concepts, OFlaherty makes use of one of the oldest reasons why cities were built, in this example, the inputs are anything that would be used for protection and the output is the area protected and everything of value contained in it. OFlaherty then asks that we suppose the protected area is square, the advantage is expressed as, O = s 2, where O is the output and s stands for the length of a side. This equation shows that output is proportional to the square of the length of a side, the inputs depend on the length of the perimeter, I =4 s, where I stands for the quantity of inputs. So there are increasing returns to scale, O = I2 /16 and this equation shows that with twice the inputs, you produce quadruple the output
5.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
6.
Seattle City Council
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The Seattle City Council is the legislative body of the city of Seattle, Washington. It has the responsibility of approving the citys budget, and also develops laws and policies intended to promote the health. The Council passes all legislation related to the City’s police, fire, parks, libraries, and electric, water, solid waste, election of city council members occur on odd-numbered years, with either four or five councilmembers up for election based on position number. All council members terms begin January 1, the council positions are officially non-partisan, and the ballot gives no party designations. Party identification is based on candidates voluntary self-identification, the first primary based on this system was held, August 4,2015 and the first city council election based on districts was held on November 3,2015. The approximate neighborhood and citywide positions are as follows, some neighborhoods overlap more than one district, indicated with an asterisk*. Seattle was first incorporated as a town by an act of the Territorial Legislature on January 14,1865, the act was repealed January 18,1867, after most of the towns leading citizens petitioned for its dissolution. During its first tenure as an entity, Seattle was governed by a Board of Trustees. Seattle was again incorporated, this time as a City, on December 2,1869, the Seattle City Council has taken several forms over the years. During this time, Seattle was governed by a Board of Trustees, Seattle was re-incorporated as a city on December 2,1869. Its original unicameral legislature, known as the Common Council, was elected at-large, at-large election was replaced in 1884 by a system of 14 wards and four members elected at-large. According to the Seattle City Clerks website, In 2013, Seattle voters passed a measure amending our citys charter to establish City Council districts, in 2015, voters elected seven out of the nine City Council members by district. The remaining two positions will be elected at-large in positions 8 and 9, 1869–1883 – Seven at-large Council members elected for one-year terms. 1884 – Nine Council members elected, three each of the three wards, elected to two-year terms. 1886 – One ward added, Council reduced to eight members,1890 – The Home Rule Charter established eight wards and bicameral legislature. A Board of Delegates composed of nine members was elected for four-year terms. House of Delegates had 16 members – Two from each ward,1892 – One ward added to make nine. Both houses to have nine members – all elected from wards,1896 – New Home Rule Charter reestablished unicameral legislature with nine wards
7.
Seattle Police Department
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It is nationally accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. The Seattle Police Department has various specialty units including SWAT, bike patrol, harbor patrol, motorcycles, mounted patrols, Law enforcement in Seattle began with the appointment of William H. Surber as town marshal in 1861. The SPD was officially organized on June 2,1869, as of 2011, it had a staff of around 1,800. Since the establishment of the Seattle Police Department,58 officers have died in the line of duty, in 2011, the Justice Department found that the department had engaged in a pattern of constitutional violations in its use of force. On May 19,2014, Kathleen OToole was nominated to serve as Chief of the Seattle Police Department and was appointed on June 23,2014. The Chief of the Seattle Police Department is Kathleen OToole, after five years as a police officer, he or she can take a promotional examination. Every other year, civil service tests are administered for promotions, tests are given for the rank of sergeant, lieutenant, and captain. Assistant and Deputy chiefs are appointed by the chief from the management ranks, Officers may be promoted to sergeant after five years of experience with the Department and passing the Sergeants test. Lieutenants must have at least three years experience as Sergeants and Captains must have at least three years experience, a bachelors degree may substitute for one year of experience but can only be used for one promotional exam. On June 21,1974, a Seattle Police helicopter on its way to a shooting collided with a Cessna near Boeing Field, both officers on board and both civilians in the Cessna were killed. In 1987, the Seattle Police Department created the mountain bike patrol units. In 2012, the rank of Sergeant Major was created and bestowed upon then-Sergeant Arnold Arny McGinnis, Sergeant Major McGinnis started working at the Seattle Police Department in 1962, holding the rank of police officer. He retired in July 2012 at the age of 75, reaching fifty years of service to the city of Seattle and he is the only member of the SPD known to hold the rank. In 1999, Seattle hosted the World Trade Organization Conference, the Seattle Police Department was criticized for failing to properly prepare for the over 100,000 protesters that disrupted the conference. While the majority of protestors were not violent, some assaulted delegates and police, the protest soon devolved into a riot. In response, SPD used chemical agents and less-lethal weapons in an attempt to restore order, news footage of this response and of the rioting was broadcast worldwide. Amazingly, not a protester or police officer was injured seriously enough during the riot to require hospitalization. Chief Norm Stamper resigned amid the scrutiny of police response to the event, in 2001, riots broke out downtown during the Mardi Gras celebrations
8.
ZIP Code
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ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
9.
Neighbourhood
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A neighbourhood, or neighborhood, is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town, suburb or rural area. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members, the Old English word for neighbourhood was neahdæl. ”Most of the earliest cities around the world as excavated by archaeologists have evidence for the presence of social neighbourhoods. Historical documents shed light on life in numerous historical preindustrial or nonwestern cities. Neighbourhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another, in this sense they are local social units larger than households not directly under the control of city or state officials. In addition to social neighbourhoods, most ancient and historical cities also had administrative districts used by officials for taxation, record-keeping, administrative districts are typically larger than neighbourhoods and their boundaries may cut across neighbourhood divisions. In some cases, however, administrative districts coincided with neighbourhoods, for example, in the T’ang period Chinese capital city Chang’an, neighbourhoods were districts and there were state officials who carefully controlled life and activity at the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhoods in preindustrial cities often had some degree of social specialisation or differentiation, ethnic neighbourhoods were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today. One factor contributing to neighbourhood distinctiveness and social cohesion in past cities was the role of rural to urban migration and this was a continual process in preindustrial cities, and migrants tended to move in with relatives and acquaintances from their rural past. Neighbourhoods have been the site of delivery or service interventions in part as efforts to provide local, quality services. Alfred Kahn, as early as the mid-1970s, described the experience, theory and fads of neighbourhood service delivery over the decade, including discussion of income transfers. Neighbourhoods, as an aspect of community, also are the site of services for youth, including children with disabilities. While the term neighbourhood organisation is not as common in 2015, community and economic development activists have pressured for reinvestment in local communities and neighbourhoods. Community and Economic Development may be understood in different ways, and may involve faith-based groups, urban sociology even has a subset termed neighbourhood sociology which supports the study of local communities and the diversity of urban neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods are also used in studies from postal codes and health disparities. Neighbourhoods are convenient, and always accessible, since you are already in your neighbourhood when you walk out your door, successful neighbourhood action frequently requires little specialised technical skill, and often little or no money. Action may call for an investment of time, but material costs are often low, with neighbourhood action, compared to activity on larger scales, results are more likely to be visible and quickly forthcoming. The streets are cleaner, the crosswalk is painted, the trees are planted, visible and swift results are indicators of success, and since success is reinforcing, the probability of subsequent neighbourhood action is increased. The social support that a neighbourhood may provide can serve as a buffer against various forms of adversity
10.
Lake Union
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Lake Union is a freshwater lake entirely within the Seattle, Washington city limits and a major portion of the Lake Washington Ship Canal. Its easternmost point is the Ship Canal Bridge, which carries Interstate 5 over the arm of the lake. Lake Union is the namesake of the located on its east and west shores, Eastlake and Westlake. The northern shore of the lake is home to Gas Works Park, notable features of the southern portion of the lake—collectively known as the South Lake Union district—include Lake Union Park, Museum of History & Industry, and the Center for Wooden Boats. The George Washington Memorial Aurora Bridge carries State Route 99 over the arm of Lake Union. The Aurora Bridge is so named because it carries Aurora Ave N down the side of the lake. Lake Unions westernmost point can be considered the Fremont Cut, which is located just east of the Aurora Bridge and is spanned by the Fremont Bridge. The Fremont Bridge carries Fremont Ave N between the neighborhoods of Fremont and Queen Anne and separates Lake Union from the rest of the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the west. A glacial lake, its basin was dug 12,000 years ago by the Vashon glacier, which also created Lake Washington and Seattles Green, Bitter, and Haller Lakes. Lake Union received its present name from Thomas Mercer, who in 1854 correctly predicted that canals would someday join Lake Washington to Puget Sound in a union of waters. The Duwamish called it - compared it with what is now known as Lake Washington - Small Lake or Little Lake, in Chinook, an intertribal trading language, it was called Tenas Chuck. Several neighborhoods take their name from the lake, Eastlake, Westlake, Northlake, boeing began production on Lake Union in 1916. Shipyards, wharfs, and sawmills have also dotted the shore, Lake Unions proximity to and scenic views of Seattle make it a popular recreational spot. Seaplanes operated by Kenmore Air and Seattle Seaplanes land and take off from the throughout the day. Pleasure boats from Lake Washington pass through on their way to Puget Sound, the Center for Wooden Boats holds a yearly wooden boat festival. The world-famous Duck Dodge sailboat races are run on Lake Union each Tuesday during the summer, rowers in sweep and sculling boats use the lake year-round. Gas Works Park is the largest park on Lake Union and the most popular for Seattleites and it is the venue for summer concerts and Seattles major Fourth of July fireworks show. Floating homes line the east and west sides of Lake Union, in Sleepless in Seattle, the character played by Tom Hanks lived on one of these homes
11.
Downtown Seattle
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Downtown is the central business district of Seattle, Washington. It is fairly compact compared with other city centers on the West Coast of the United States because of its geographical situation. It is hemmed in on the north and east by hills, on the west by Elliott Bay, near the center of downtown is the Metropolitan Tract, owned by the University of Washington, the location of the universitys pre-1895 campus. Downtown is Seattles finance hub, its commercial maritime hub, its center of nightlife, Downtown Seattles Columbia Center has a greater number of floors than any other building west of the Mississippi River, at 76, though there are taller buildings in Texas and California by height. Downtown parks include Westlake Park, Freeway Park, and Victor Steinbrueck Park, the Olympic Sculpture Park was completed on the Belltown waterfront in January 2007. The area is home to the landmark Pike Place Market, the oldest continually-operating farmers market in the United States. In the late 1850s, present day Downtown Seattle became the residential outskirts of the city. But after the Great Seattle Fire, the district was moved here. Because of the fire the city had to be built at a higher elevation to avoid past drainage problems. Since that time the area had been filled with newly established jobs, Seattle became an industrial hub in 1897 when the Klondike Gold Rush made the city a gateway for discovering gold. Starting in the late 1960s, Downtown has been being filled with dozens of skyscrapers and most famously for changing the Seattle skyline, with about 65,000 now living in Seattles core neighborhoods, Downtown Seattles population is growing. Downtown saw a 10 percent increase in the number of occupied housing units, as of the end of 2014, there were 32 apartment and 2 condominium projects under construction, representing over 5,000 units. In 1989, building heights in Downtown and adjoining Seattle suburbs were tightly restricted following a voter initiative and these restrictions were dramatically loosened in 2006, leading to the increase in Downtown high-rise construction. This policy change has divided commentators between those who support the increased density and those who criticize it as Manhattanization, several Fortune 500 companies headquartered in Downtown Seattle include Amazon. com, Starbucks, Nordstrom, and Expeditors International. The United States Postal Service operates the Seattle Main Post Office at 301 Union Street at Third Avenue, Seattle City Hall is located at 600 4th Ave, adjacent from the King County Courthouse. Downtown is serviced by the Transit Tunnel, in which the Link Light Rail runs through, the terminus for both the Light Rail and the Seattle Center Monorail is located at Westlake Center. Downtown skyline from the Smith Tower
12.
University of Washington
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The University of Washington, commonly referred to as simply Washington, UW, or informally U-Dub, is a public flagship research university in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast, the university has three campuses, the oldest and largest in the University District of Seattle and two others in Tacoma and Bothell. Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked among the top 15 universities in the world by a variety of international publications. In athletics, the university competes in the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference and its athletic teams are called the Huskies. Seattle was one of several settlements in the mid to late 19th century vying for primacy in the new Washington Territory, in 1854, territorial governor Isaac Stevens recommended the establishment of a university in Washington. Several prominent Seattle-area residents, chief among them Methodist preacher Daniel Bagley and they convinced early founder of Seattle and member of the territorial legislature Arthur A. Denny of the importance of Seattle winning the school. When no site emerged, the legislature, encouraged by Denny, in 1861, scouting began for an appropriate 10 acres site in Seattle to serve as the campus for a new university. Arthur and Mary Denny donated eight acres, and fellow pioneers Edward Lander and Charlie and this tract was bounded by 4th and 6th Avenues on the west and east and Union and Seneca Streets on the north and south. UW opened on November 4,1861, as the Territorial University of Washington, the following year, the legislature passed articles incorporating the University and establishing a Board of Regents. The school struggled initially, closing three times, in 1863 for lack of students, and again in 1867 and 1876 due to shortage of funds. However, Clara Antoinette McCarty Wilt became the first graduate of UW in 1876 when she graduated from UW with a degree in science. By the time Washington entered the Union in 1889, both Seattle and the University had grown substantially, enrollment increased from 30 students to nearly 300, and the relative isolation of the campus had given way to encroaching development. A special legislative committee headed by UW graduate Edmond Meany was created to find a new campus able to serve the growing student population. The committee selected a site on Union Bay northeast of downtown, the university relocated from downtown to the new campus in 1895, moving into the newly built Denny Hall. The regents tried and failed to sell the old campus, the University still owns what is now called the Metropolitan Tract. In the heart of the city, it is among the most valuable pieces of estate in Seattle. The original Territorial University building was torn down in 1908 and its former site houses the Fairmont Olympic Hotel. The sole surviving remnants of UWs first building are four 24-foot, white, hand-fluted cedar and they were salvaged by Edmond S. Meany—one of the Universitys first graduates and the former head of the history department
13.
Streetcar suburb
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A streetcar suburb is a residential community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation. Streetcar suburbs, usually called additions or extensions at the time, were the forerunner of todays suburbs in the United States, western Addition in San Francisco is one of the best example of streetcar suburbs before westward and southward expansion occurred. As such, the term is general and one development called a streetcar suburb may vary greatly from others, however, some concepts are generally present in streetcar suburbs, such as straight street plans and relatively narrow lots. By 1830, many New York City area commuters were going to work in Manhattan from what is now the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, in 1852, architect Alexander Jackson Davis designed Llewellyn Park in New Jersey, a planned suburb served by both ferry and steam railroad. In the 1840s and 1850s, new railroad lines fostered the development of such New York City suburbs as Yonkers, White Plains, and New Rochelle. The steam locomotive in the mid 19th century provided the wealthy with the means to live in bucolic surroundings, to socialize in country clubs and these suburbs were what historian Kenneth T. Jackson called the railroad suburbs and historian Robert Fishman called a bourgeois utopia. Outside of Philadelphia, suburbs like Radnor, Swarthmore, and Villanova developed along the Pennsylvania Main Line, as early as 1850,83 commuter stations had been built within a 15-mile radius of Boston. Chicago saw huge developments, with 11 separate lines serving over 100 communities by 1873, a famous community served was Riverside, Illinois, arguably one of the first planned communities in the United States, designed in 1869 by Frederick Law Olmsted. However, the suburbs closest to the city were based on horsecars, later more efficient horse-drawn streetcars allowed cities to expand to areas even more distant. By 1860, they operated in most major American and Canadian cities, including New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Chicago, Cincinnati, Saint Louis, Montreal, horsecar suburbs emanated from the city center towards the more distant railroad suburbs. There were 5,783 miles of track serving American cities in 1890. By 1890, electric lines were replacing horse-drawn ones in cities of all sizes, allowing the lines to be extended. Because streetcar operators offered low fares and free transfers, commuting was finally affordable to nearly everyone, the houses in a streetcar suburb were generally narrow in width compared to later homes, and Arts and Crafts movement styles like the California Bungalow and American Foursquare were most popular. These houses were purchased by catalog and many of the materials arrived by railcar. The earliest streetcar suburbs sometimes had more ornate styles, including late Victorian, setbacks between houses were not nearly as small as in older neighborhoods, but houses were still typically built on lots no wider than 30 to 40 feet. Shops such as groceries, bakeries and drug stores were built near the intersection of streetcar lines or directly along more heavily traveled routes. These shops would sometimes be multi-story buildings, with apartments on the upper floors and these provided convenient shopping for household supplies for the surrounding neighborhoods, that could potentially be visited on ones way to or from work. Unlike railroad suburbs, which tended to form in pockets around stations along the interurban line, along the lines, developers built rectangular additions with homes, usually on small lots, within a five- to ten-minute walk of the streetcar
14.
Bungalow
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A bungalow is a type of building, originally from Bengal region in South Asia, but now found throughout the world. Across the world, the meaning of the word bungalow varies, common features of many bungalows include verandas and being low-rise. In Australia, the California bungalow was popular after the First World War, some portable classrooms are called bungalows. The term originated in India, deriving from the Gujarati બંગલો baṅgalo, meaning Bengali and this Asian architectural form and design originated in the countryside of Bengal region in South Asia. Such houses were small, only one story and detached. The term was first found in English from 1696, where it was used to describe bungales or hovells in India for English sailors of the East India Company, later developers began to use the term for smaller houses. Bungalows are very convenient for the homeowner in that all living areas are on a single-story, a bungalow is well suited to persons with impaired mobility, such as the elderly or those in wheelchairs. Neighbourhoods of only bungalows offer more privacy than similar neighbourhoods with two-story houses, with bungalows, strategically planted trees and shrubs are usually sufficient to block the view of neighbours. They are a very cost-effective way of living, on the other hand, even closely spaced bungalows make for quite low-density neighbourhoods, contributing to urban sprawl. In Australia, bungalows have broad verandas and as a result are often excessively dark inside, on a per unit area basis, bungalows are more expensive to construct than two-story houses, because a larger foundation and roof area is required for the same living area. The larger foundation will often translate into larger lot size requirements, although the footprint of a bungalow is often a simple rectangle, any foundation is theoretically possible. For bungalows with brick walls, the windows are positioned high. This architectural technique avoids the need for special arches or lintels to support the wall above the windows. The developer Richard Stanton built in Federation Bungalow style first in Haberfield, New South Wales, the first Garden Suburb, beecroft, Hornsby and Lindfield contain many examples of Federation Bungalows built between 1895 and 1920. From about 1910 until 1930, the California Bungalow style was popular in Australia. The style seems to have first been imported in Sydney and then throughout the Australian states. In South Australia, the suburb of Colonel Light Gardens contains many well-preserved bungalow developments, in the rural areas of Bangladesh, it is often called “Bangla Ghor”. The Bungalow style houses are very popular in the rural Bengal
15.
Dick's Drive-In
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Dicks Drive-In, or simply Dicks, is a fast-food restaurant chain in the Seattle, Washington area. Founders Dick Spady, H. Warren Ghormley, and Dr. B. O. A. Thomas opened the first Dicks in 1954 in Seattles Wallingford neighborhood, in 1955, a second Dicks was opened in Seattles Capitol Hill district. This was followed by a third in 1960 in the Crown Hill neighborhood, a 4th in 1963 in Lake City, the simple menu has changed little over time. It features fast-food staples such as hamburgers, hand-cut french fries, Dicks is particularly well known for the Dicks Deluxe, which includes lettuce, mayonnaise, and chopped pickles. No substitutions are allowed and all burgers are cooked to well done, for several years Dicks has offered best-in-industry employee benefits such as a matched 401, 100% employer-paid medical insurance, and a $22,000 college tuition scholarship after six months of work. In 2013, Dicks Drive-In was voted the most life-changing burger joint in America in an Esquire. com poll. In September 2010, it was announced that Dicks was planning on opening a new location in the Seattle area. After a few weeks of polling, the north of Seattle won the right for a new Dicks Drive-In. On October 15,2010, Dicks officials announced the new location to be in Edmonds on the corner of Hwy 99, all but the Queen Anne location are without customer seating. The Queen Anne location has indoor tables and no drive-in, in 2017, Dicks launched another poll to determine its sixth location, either located on the Eastside or in South King County. Over 177,000 participants cast their votes, with the majority favoring the South region, Seattle rapper Sir Mix-a-Lot identifies the Capitol Hill location of Dicks in his song, Posse on Broadway. In the 2009 romantic comedy Love Happens, actress Jennifer Aniston can be seen holding a Dicks bag, the film was set in Seattle. In The Presidents of the United States of Americas song Little Indian Princess, in 2013, Seattle hiphop artist Macklemore filmed portions of a music video for his song White Walls at Dicks Drive-In. Wallingford Capitol Hill Crown Hill Lake City Lower Queen Anne Edmonds, Washington Bellevue, although this is a drive-in, operated in much the same manner as the five drive-in locations of the Seattle chain, it is not affiliated with Dicks Drive-In
16.
Gas Works Park
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The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 2,2013, more than a decade after being nominated. Gas Works park contains remnants of the remaining coal gasification plant in the United States. The plant operated from 1906 to 1956 and was bought by the City of Seattle for park purposes in 1962, the park opened to the public in 1975. The park was designed by Seattle landscape architect Richard Haag, who won the American Society of Landscape Architects Presidents Award of Design Excellence for the project. It was originally named Myrtle Edwards Park, after the city councilwoman who had spearheaded the drive to acquire the site, in 1972, the Edwards family requested that her name be taken off the park because the design called for the retention of much of the plant. In 1976, Elliott Bay Park, just north of Seattles Belltown neighborhood, was renamed Myrtle Edwards Park, Gas Works Park incorporates numerous pieces of the old plant. Some stand as ruins, while others have been reconditioned, painted, a web site affiliated with the Seattle Times newspaper says, Gas Works Park is easily the strangest park in Seattle and may rank among the strangest in the world. Gas Works Park also features an artificial kite-flying hill with an elaborately sculptured sundial built into its summit, the park was for many years the exclusive site of a summer series of Peace Concerts. These concerts are now shared out among several Seattle parks, the park also has for many years hosted one of Seattles two major Fourth of July fireworks events, in 2009, it was the sole such event. The park is the end point of the Solstice Cyclists. The park originally constituted one end of the Burke-Gilman bicycle and foot trail, laid out along the abandoned right-of-way of the Seattle, Lake Shore, however, the trail has now been extended several kilometers northwest, past the Fremont neighborhood toward Ballard. The soil and groundwater of the site was contaminated during operation as a gasification plant, the 1971 Master Plan called for cleaning and greening the park through bio-phytoremediation. There are no areas of surface soil contamination remaining on the site today. Despite its somewhat isolated location, the park has been the site of political rallies. These included a continuous vigil under the name PeaceWorks Park. The vigil began at a concert in August 1990 and continued until after the end of the shooting war. Gas Works Park has been a setting for such as Singles and 10 Things I Hate About You. It has been featured twice on the television reality show The Amazing Race, once as the finish line for Season 3
17.
Olympic Mountains
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The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of western Washington in the United States. The western slopes are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states, most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of the Olympic National Park. The mountains are spread out across four counties, Clallam, Grays Harbor, physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which is in turn a part of the larger Pacific Mountain System. The Olympics have the form of a cluster of steep-sided peaks surrounded by heavily forested foothills and they are surrounded by water on three sides, separated from the Pacific by the 20 to 35 km wide coastal plain. The general form of the range is more or less circular, or somewhat horseshoe-shaped, rivers radiate outwards to all sides. Of this 95% is part of the Olympic Wilderness, State parks and wildlife areas occur in the lower elevations. Precipitation varies greatly throughout the range, from the wet western slopes to the eastern ridges. 140 to 170 inches of rain falls on the Hoh Rainforest annually, areas to the northeast of the mountains are located in a rain shadow and receive as little as 16 in of precipitation. Annual precipitation increases to about 30 in on the edges of the shadow around Port Townsend, the San Juan Islands. 80% of precipitation falls during the winter, on the coastal plain, the winter temperature stays between −2 to 7 °C. During the summer it warms up to stay between 10 and 24 °C, as a consequence of the high precipitation is the large number of snowfields and glaciers, reaching down to 1,500 m above sea level. There are about 184 glaciers crowning the Olympics peaks, the most prominent glaciers are those on Mount Olympus covering approximately 10 square miles. Beyond the Olympic complex are the glaciers of Mount Carrie, the Bailey Range, Mount Christie, the Olympics are made up of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust. They are primarily Eocene sandstones, turbidites, and basaltic oceanic crust, unlike the Cascades, the Olympic Mountains are not volcanic, and contain no granite. Millions of years ago, vents and fissures opened under the Pacific Ocean and lava flowed forth, creating underwater mountains. Some of the sea floor, however, was scraped off and jammed against the mainland, all this occurred under water, the Olympics began to rise above the sea only 10–20 million years ago. The Olympics were shaped in the Pleistocene era by both alpine and continental glaciers advancing and retreating multiple times, the valleys of the Hoh, Queets, and Quinault rivers are typical U-shaped valleys carved by advancing alpine glaciers. Piles of talus and rockfall were created by retreating alpine glaciers, in the high mountains, the major rivers have their headwaters in alpine glacially carved cirques
18.
Cascade Range
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The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. It includes both non-volcanic mountains, such as the North Cascades, and the notable volcanoes known as the High Cascades, the small part of the range in British Columbia is referred to as the Canadian Cascades or, locally, as the Cascade Mountains. The highest peak in the range is Mount Rainier in Washington at 14,411 feet, the Cascades are part of the Pacific Oceans Ring of Fire, the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean. All of the eruptions in the contiguous United States over the last 200 years have been from Cascade volcanoes, the two most recent were Lassen Peak from 1914 to 1921 and a major eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. Minor eruptions of Mount St. Helens have also occurred since, the Cascade Range is a part of the American Cordillera, a nearly continuous chain of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America, Central America, and South America. The Cascades extend northward from Lassen Peak in northern California to the confluence of the Nicola, the Fraser River separates the Cascades from the Coast Mountains. The highest volcanoes of the Cascades, known as the High Cascades, dominate their surroundings and they often have a visual height of one mile or more. The highest peaks, such as the 14, 411-foot Mount Rainier, Mount Baker in Washington recorded a world-record single-season snowfall in the winter of 1998–99 with 1,140 inches. Prior to that year, Mount Rainier held the record for snow accumulation at Paradise in 1978. It is not uncommon for some places in the Cascades to have over 500 inches of snow accumulation, such as at Lake Helen. Most of the High Cascades are therefore white with snow and ice year-round, annual rainfall is as low as 9 inches on the eastern foothills due to a rain shadow effect. Beyond the eastern foothills is a plateau that was largely created 17 to 14 million years ago by the many flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Together, these sequences of fluid volcanic rock form the 200, 000-square-mile Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, Oregon, the Columbia River Gorge is the only major break of the range in the United States. When the Cascades began to rise 7 million years ago in the Pliocene, as the range grew, erosion from the Columbia River was able to keep pace, creating the gorge and major pass seen today. The gorge also exposes uplifted and warped layers of basalt from the plateau, in early 1792, British navigator George Vancouver explored Puget Sound and gave English names to the high mountains he saw. Mount Baker was named for Vancouvers third lieutenant, Joseph Baker, although the first European to see it was Manuel Quimper, Mount Rainier was named after Admiral Peter Rainier. Later in 1792, Vancouver had his lieutenant William Robert Broughton explore the lower Columbia River and he named Mount Hood after Lord Samuel Hood, an admiral of the Royal Navy. Mount St. Helens was sighted by Vancouver in May 1792 and it was named for Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens, a British diplomat
19.
Brooks Sports
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Brooks Sports, Inc. is an American running company that designs and markets high-performance mens and womens running shoes, apparel and accessories in more than 60 countries worldwide. Brooks is a company with a specialty dealer channel strategy focused entirely on meeting runners’ specific needs. Brooks Sports, Inc. headquarters are located in Seattle, Washington, Brooks was acquired by Russell Brands in late 2004. On August 2,2006 Russell officially announced its sale to Berkshire Hathaway, Jim Weber is the current CEO of Brooks Sports, Inc. In June 2013 Ernst & Young recognized Jim Weber as a Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year® Award Recipient, Brooks is the main sponsor of the Hansons-Brooks Distance Project and was also the exclusive uniforms provider of the Chile national football team. This relationship ended in 2010 when Puma signed a deal with the Chilean Football Federation until 2015, Brooks Sports, Inc. was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1914 by Morris Goldenberg. The name Brooks was selected by Morris Goldenberg as an Anglicized substitute for his wifes maiden name of Bruchs, Brooks originally produced bathing shoes in 1917 before moving into sports in the 1930s by producing baseball cleats in 1920 and football cleats in the 1930s. In 1979 the world champion Pittsburgh Pirates endorsed Brooks shoes, in 1984 quarterback Dan Marino endorsed Brooks athletic footwear. Currently a medical doctor in Singapores network of public hospitals, Brooks scored an overall rating of 61, while the shared second place scored both 55. The overall rating was made up of company policy, manufacturing, sole production, components and transparency
20.
Bothell, Washington
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Bothell /ˈbɒθəl/ BOTH-əl is a city located in King and Snohomish Counties in the State of Washington. It is part of the Seattle metropolitan area, bellevue, Bothell, Kenmore, Kirkland, Redmond, and Woodinville are suburban cities that are considered part of the Eastside, as they are situated on the east side of Lake Washington. Based on per capita income, Bothell ranks 78th of 614 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked, the Sammamish were relocated after the Puget Sound War in 1856 to reservations and non-reservation lands. In 1870, Columbus S. Greenleaf and George R. Wilson filed land claims in the formerly inhabited by the Sammamish near present-day Bothell. Eight families followed over the six years. In 1876, Canadian George Brackett bought land and began commercial logging out of a camp located on the bank of the Sammamish River in what is now the heart of downtown Bothell. A store, school, and sawmill followed over the several years. In 1885, Brackett sold 80 acres to David Bothell, a settler from Pennsylvania, the towns first postmaster, who bought his property from Bothell, named the town in his honor in 1888. Later that same year, a railroad was built through the town to transport coal from Issaquah. Bothell was officially incorporated on April 14,1909, Bothell continued to grow as logging expanded and boat traffic brought increasing amounts of goods and passengers up and down the river. As more people moved into the area, the Army Corps of Engineers decided to dredge, most boat traffic came to an abrupt end only a few years later when Lake Washington was lowered in 1917. Water transport also shifted to trucks after a road was built from Seattle. The logging economy declined quickly around the time, and the local economy shifted to farming. After World War II, better highways and a post-war boom brought suburban development to Bothell and these new neighborhoods and a series of annexations dramatically expanded Bothells population from about 1000 in 1950 to over 30,000 as of 2006. In 1990, a campus of the University of Washington opened in Bothell, a major fire in downtown broke out at the Mercantile Building on July 22,2016, and damaged and closed more than 20 businesses. The fire dealt a blow to the redevelopment program and required state aid for rebuilding, Bothell is located at 47°46′18″N 122°12′16″W. The largest river is the Sammamish, which connects Lake Sammamish to Lake Washington, according to the City of Bothell, the city has a total area of 13.7 square miles, all of it land. Bothell is an oddity in that it straddles two counties
21.
Washington State Route 99
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A 2-mile gap divides the highway into two segments, between the interchanges of SR518 and SR599 in Tukwila. The southern segment of SR99 travels north from Fife through the cities of Federal Way, Des Moines, Kent, the northern segment of SR99 continues north from Tukwila through Seattle, Shoreline, Edmonds, Lynnwood, to the Broadway Interchange in Everett. SR99 originates at Interstate 5 in Fife, near its own intersection with 54th Avenue E, from there, it heads eastward to Federal Way where it becomes Pacific Highway South and intersects SR18 just west of its interchange with I-5. It then begins to travel north, through Des Moines, overlapping SR509 for a few miles, the route becomes a little difficult to identify for several miles, as there are no reassurance signs until entering SeaTac. Once there, it becomes International Boulevard and forms the boundary of the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport until crossing SR518. The northern division begins where the freeway carrying SR599 northward passes over International Boulevard South, SR599 terminates at that point, north of there, it becomes SR99. SR99 continues north to an interchange with SR509 and West Marginal Way at the end of the First Avenue South Bridge. SR99 crosses over the bridge and onto East Marginal Way, near Spokane Street and the eastern end of the West Seattle Bridge, SR99 again becomes a freeway. A portion travels on the surface before the route rises onto the Alaskan Way Viaduct, the viaduct terminates at the Battery Street Tunnel. The Battery Street Tunnel runs for 3,140 feet underneath Battery Street, the tunnel carries SR99 underneath the Belltown neighborhood of Seattle and onto Aurora Avenue North. The tunnel was built in 1952 using the cut-and-cover method and it carries two traffic lanes in each direction, and connects the Alaskan Way Viaduct to Aurora Avenue N. providing continuity for State Route 99. There are no sidewalks or other provisions for pedestrians or bicyclists in the Tunnel, when an incident blocking traffic takes place within the tunnel, warning lights advise motorists to exit SR-99 at Western Avenue and Denny Way. Emergency exits are placed behind sliding doors, with stairways leading up to Battery Street on the surface, the tunnel is scheduled to be replaced by the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel, which is under construction, in 2017. The tunnel will be closed and filled in after the replacement tunnel opens, Aurora Avenue at this point is lined with businesses, residences, side streets and sidewalks. There is a barrier, so cross traffic and left turns are not available. There are also several pedestrian overpasses and underpasses along this route, as Aurora Avenue nears and passes along the east flank of Queen Anne Hill, the median barrier ends, although access remains RIRO. Aurora Avenue then crosses the Lake Washington Ship Canal on the George Washington Memorial Bridge, at the interchange for Bridge Way, a very low median barrier begins, rising to a higher wall a bit north of North 38th Street. The barrier lowers again just beyond North 49th Street, Aurora Avenue then bisects Woodland Park, with the barrier replaced by paint stripes until the next side street, North 59th
22.
Interstate 5
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It serves the largest cities on the U. S. West Coast, including Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, Los Angeles, and San Diego, and also links the cities of Washington, Oregon. Upon crossing the Mexican border at its terminus, Interstate 5 continues to Tijuana. Upon crossing the Canada–US border at its terminus, it continues to Vancouver as British Columbia Highway 99. It is the 12th longest highway in the U. S. following I-15, I-5 links to control cities in California, Oregon, and Washington. North of Seattle, the city is Vancouver, British Columbia, it is signed as Vancouver B. C. in order to avoid confusion with Vancouver. One notable control city that I-5 does not directly reach is San Francisco, to the south, in the Tracy area, I-580 splits from I-5 towards San Francisco, while to the north, near Vacaville, I-505 cuts south to I-80, which serves that city. That routing, via I-580, I-80, and I-505, was planned originally as I-5W, the southernmost point of I-5 is at the Mexican border at the San Ysidro border crossing, one of the busiest in the world. Here I-5 is also known as the San Diego Freeway, at Dana Point, I-5 turns inland and heads due north through Mission Viejo to the El Toro Y interchange in southeastern Irvine. I-5 becomes the Santa Ana Freeway as it runs southeast to northwest, passing through cities and suburbs in Orange. Southern Californians refer to it as the 5 Freeway or as the Santa Ana Freeway in the Los Angeles area, from this point, the San Diego Freeway continues northward as I-405. When the freeway reaches the East Los Angeles Interchange one mile east of downtown Los Angeles, the route continues through the San Fernando Valley and then crosses the Newhall Pass through the Santa Susana Mountains into the Santa Clarita Valley. The interchange with State Route 14 is unusual in that traffic is separated into its own lanes for both the mainline of the freeway and the transition ramps to and from SR14. At that point, the Golden State Freeway rises sharply to the north through the Grapevine to eventually reach the second-highest point of its entire length, path 26 power lines generally follow the freeway along this stretch. I-580 splits from I-5 at a point south of Tracy, providing a connection to the San Francisco Bay Area. After passing Tracy, I-5 heads north through Stockton and Sacramento before turning west to Woodland, at Woodland, the Interstate heads northwest again towards Dunnigan, where it converges with I-505. From Dunnigan, I-5 skirts north along the edge of the Sacramento Valley to Red Bluff. I-5 then enters the Shasta Cascade region, passing through Redding, the interstate then travels to Weed and Yreka before reaching the Oregon border
23.
Fremont, Seattle
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Fremont is a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington. Originally a separate city, it was annexed to Seattle in 1891, and is named after Fremont, Nebraska, the hometown of two of its founders Luther H. Griffith and Edward Blewett. It is situated along the Fremont Cut of the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the north of Queen Anne, the east of Ballard, the south of Phinney Ridge, and the southwest of Wallingford. Its boundaries are not formally fixed, but they can be thought of as consisting of the Ship Canal to the south, Stone Way N. to the east, N. 50th Street to the north, and 8th Avenue N. W. to the west. The neighborhoods main thoroughfares are Fremont and Aurora Avenues N. and N. 46th, 45th, 36th, and 34th Streets. The Aurora Bridge carries Aurora Avenue over the Ship Canal to the top of Queen Anne Hill, a major shopping district is centered on Fremont Avenue N. just north of the bridge. Sometimes referred to as The Peoples Republic of Fremont or The Artists Republic of Fremont, the neighborhood remains home to a controversial statue of Vladimir Lenin salvaged from Slovakia by a local art lover who was teaching in the area at the time. After the 1989 fall of the Communist government, he brought the statue to Fremont with money raised through a mortgage on his house, the street running under the bridge and ending at the Troll was renamed Troll Avenue N. in 2005. In addition, signs throughout Fremont give advice such as, set your watch back five minutes, set your watch forward five minutes, other landmarks include the Fremont Rocket, a Fairchild C-119 tail boom modified to resemble a missile, and the outdoor sculpture Waiting for the Interurban. Since the early 1970s some Fremont residents have been referring to their neighborhood as The Center of the Universe, an unofficial motto De Libertas Quirkas appears in brochures and websites about the area. The Fremont Arts Council sponsors several highly attended events in Fremont. One of those events is the Summer Solstice Parade & Pageant, also important to Fremont is the large block on Linden Avenue N. that contains the B. F. Day is the longest continually operating school in the Seattle school district, another longstanding institution is the Fremont branch of the Seattle Public Library. An informal library predated the 1891 annexation of Fremont to Seattle, the present structure dates from 1921. Day playfield, Fremont has three public parks, Fremont Peak Park just south of N. 45th Street, Ross Park and Playground at 3rd Avenue NW and NW 43rd Street. Ernst Park next to the library, Ernst Park was named for Ambrose Ernst, a Fremont resident. He was known as the Father of City Playfields and he served on the Board of Park Commissioners from 1906 to 1913 and helped implement Seattles Olmsted parks plan. The Burke-Gilman Trail passes through Fremont just north of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, the large Gas Works Park is just east of Fremont on the north shore of Lake Union
