1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
3.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
4.
Holmes County, Ohio
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Holmes County is a county located in the U. S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,366, the county was formed in 1824 from portions of Coshocton, Tuscarawas and Wayne counties and organized the following year. It was named after Andrew Holmes, an officer killed in the War of 1812, Holmes County is home to an Amish community, the largest in the world, that draws many visitors to the county. Holmes County was formed on January 20,1824 from portions of Coshocton, Tuscarawas and it was named after Andrew Holmes, an officer in the War of 1812. During the Civil War, small-scale riots broke out in ethnic German areas, Holmes County was an isolated localistic area dominated by Pennsylvania Dutch and some recent German immigrants. It was a Democratic stronghold and few men dared speak out in favor of conscription, local politicians denounced Lincoln and Congress as despotic, seeing the draft law as a violation of their local autonomy. In June 1863, small scale disturbances broke out, they ended when the Army sent in armed units. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 424 square miles. The population density was 92 people per square mile, there were 12,280 housing units at an average density of 29 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 99. 03% White,0. 33% Black or African American,0. 06% Native American,0. 06% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 13% from other races, and 0. 40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 75% of the population,56. 1% spoke English,20. 1% Pennsylvania German,15. 8% German and 7. 1% Dutch as their first language. 16. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.35 and the average family size was 3.82. Religious breakdown for those who gave a religion was 89. 79% Evangelical Protestant,8. 04% Mainline Protestant and 2. 16% Catholic, there were 140 Amish congregations with 17,654 adherents. There were several other unrelated Amish congregations and Mennonite congregations. In the county, the population was out with 35. 60% under the age of 18,10. 40% from 18 to 24,25. 70% from 25 to 44,17. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 28 years, for every 100 females there were 99.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $36,944, and the median income for a family was $40,230. Males had an income of $28,490 versus $20,602 for females
5.
Walnut Creek Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Walnut Creek Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 3,530 people in the township and it is the only Walnut Creek Township statewide. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
6.
2010 United States Census
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The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
7.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
8.
UTC-5
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UTC−05,00 is a time offset that subtracts five hours from Coordinated Universal Time. In North America, it is observed in the Eastern Time Zone during standard time, the western Caribbean uses it year round. The southwestern and northwestern portions of Indiana Mexico – Central Zone Central, in most of Mexico, daylight time starts a few weeks after the United States. Communities on the U. S. border that observe Central Time follow the U. S. daylight time schedule
9.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
10.
ZIP Code
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ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
11.
Geographic Names Information System
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It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names to promote the standardization of feature names, the database is part of a system that includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps that confirm the feature or place name are cited, variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded. Each feature receives a permanent, unique feature record identifier, sometimes called the GNIS identifier, the database never removes an entry, except in cases of obvious duplication. The GNIS accepts proposals for new or changed names for U. S. geographical features, the general public can make proposals at the GNIS web site and can review the justifications and supporters of the proposals. The Bureau of the Census defines Census Designated Places as a subset of locations in the National Geographic Names Database, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28 gives standards for addressing mail. In this publication, the postal service defines two-letter state abbreviations, street identifiers such as boulevard and street, department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, Digital Gazeteer, Users Manual. Least Heat Moon, William, Blue Highways, A Journey Into America, standard was withdrawn in September 2008, See Federal Register Notice, Vol.73, No. 170, page 51276 Report, Principles, Policies, and Procedures, Domestic Geographic Names, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28, November 2000. Board on Geographic Names website Geographic Names Information System Proposals from the general public Meeting minutes
12.
Unincorporated area
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Occasionally, municipalities dissolve or disincorporate, which may happen if they become fiscally insolvent, and services become the responsibility of a higher administration. In some countries, such as in Brazil, Japan, France or the United Kingdom, unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area often contains several towns and even entire cities, thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in locations, cover vast areas or have very small populations. Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in parts of Australia. Thus, there is any ambiguity regarding addresses in unincorporated areas. The Australian Capital Territory has no municipalities and is in some sense an unincorporated area, the territorial government is directly responsible for matters normally carried out by local government. The far west and north of New South Wales constitutes the Unincorporated Far West Region, a civil servant in the state capital manages such matters as are necessary. The second unincorporated area of state is Lord Howe Island. In the Northern Territory,1. 45% of the area and 4. In South Australia, 60% of the area is unincorporated and communities located within can receive services provided by a state agency. Firstly, the remote area that is unincorporated is the Abrolhos Islands. Secondly, the unincorporated areas are A-class reserves either in, or close to. In Canada, depending on the province, a settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a municipal government. This can range from hamlets to large urbanized areas that are similar in size to towns. In British Columbia, unincorporated settlements lie outside municipal boundaries entirely, Unincorporated settlements with a population of between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data. In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction
13.
Amish
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The Amish are a group of traditionalist Christian church fellowships with Swiss Anabaptist origins. They are closely related to, but distinct from, Mennonite churches, the Amish are known for simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt many conveniences of modern technology. The history of the Amish church began with a schism in Switzerland within a group of Swiss and those who followed Ammann became known as Amish. In the early 18th century, many Amish and Mennonites emigrated to Pennsylvania for a variety of reasons, as of 2000, over 165,000 Old Order Amish lived in the United States and about 1,500 lived in Canada. Most of the Amish continue to have 6–7 children while benefiting from the decrease in infant. Between 1992 and 2013, the Amish population increased by 120%, Amish church membership begins with baptism, usually between the ages of 16 and 25. It is a requirement for marriage within the Amish church, once a person is baptized with the church, he or she may marry only within the faith. Church districts average between 20 and 40 families, and worship services are held every other Sunday in a members home, the district is led by a bishop and several ministers and deacons. Most Amish do not buy commercial insurance or participate in Social Security, as present-day Anabaptists, Amish church members practice nonresistance and will not perform any type of military service. The Amish value rural life, manual labor and humility, all under the auspices of living what they interpret to be Gods word, members who do not conform to these community expectations and who cannot be convinced to repent are excommunicated. In addition to excommunication, members may be shunned, a practice that limits social contacts to shame the wayward member into returning to the church, almost 90 percent of Amish teenagers choose to be baptized and join the church. Amish church groups seek to maintain a degree of separation from the non-Amish world, There is generally a heavy emphasis on church and family relationships. They typically operate their own schools and discontinue formal education after grade eight. Until the children turn 16, they have vocational training under the tutelage of their parents, community, the Amish Mennonite movement descends from the 16th century fellowship known as the Swiss Brethren. The Swiss Brethren were Anabaptists, and are viewed as having been a part of the Radical Reformation. Anabaptist means one who baptizes again—a reference to those who had baptized as infants, but later adopted a belief in believers baptism. These Swiss Brethren trace their origins to Felix Manz and Conrad Grebel and this pushed the Swiss Brethren into Canton Bern. The term Amish was first used as a schandename in 1710 by opponents of Jakob Amman, the first division between Swiss Brethren was recorded in the 17th century between Oberländers and Emmentaler
14.
Tuscarawas River
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The Tuscarawas River is a principal tributary of the Muskingum River,129.9 miles long, in northeastern Ohio in the United States. Via the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, from Barberton downstream, the Ohio and Erie Canal was constructed parallel to the river in 1828-30 to provide for improved transportation of products and passengers. Usage began declining in the 1850s, and the canal was damaged beyond repair by flooding in 1913, portions of the canals towpath route are maintained as a hiking and bicycling trail. As of 2006, the state of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has recommended limits on the consumption of fish taken from the river, due to contamination by mercury, the Tuscarawas River collects Chippewa Creek in Summit County near Clinton, and Sandy Creek in Stark County near Bolivar. In Tuscarawas County, it collects Conotton Creek southeast of Zoar, Sugar Creek at Dover, nimishillen Creek, a tributary of Sandy Creek, drains the city of Canton. At the United States Geological Surveys stream gauge in Newcomerstown, the mean flow of the river between 1922 and 2005 was 2,591 ft³/s. The highest recorded flow during the period was 46,800 ft³/s on January 26,1937, the lowest recorded flow was 216 ft³/s on August 15,1944. At an upstream gauge in Massillon, the mean flow of the river between 1938 and 2005 was 466 ft³/s. The highest recorded flow during the period was 10,700 ft³/s on July 5,1969, the lowest recorded flow was 45 ft³/s on September 20,1999. Conrad Richters novel, The Light in the Forest, features True Son recalling a memory set along the Tuscarawas River, the band Sun Kil Moon refers to the Tuscarawas in their song Carry Me, Ohio, with the lyric, Tuscarawas river flows into a great lake. But, the Tuscarawas does not flow into any of the Great Lakes, rather, it feeds the Mississippi River
15.
Ohio State Route 39
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State Route 39 is a primarily east–west running state highway in north-central and northeastern portion of the U. S. state of Ohio. The route runs through seven counties on its approximately 155-mile trip through the region and its northern terminus is at State Route 103 near New Washington, and its eastern terminus is at PA68 near East Liverpool. Route 39 is unique in that its directional signage changes in the middle of its route and it is signed north–south between New Washington and Mansfield, and east–west from Mansfield to the Pennsylvania border. Thus, Route 39 has a northern and eastern terminus, SR39 was commissioned in 1923, originally routed from Shelby to Dover. In 1927 the highway was extended to the current eastern terminus at the Pennsylvania state line, the route was extended to its current northern terminus at SR103, in 1939. Between 1969 and 1971 the road between Shelby and Mansfield became a four-lane highway, in 1974, the route between Wellsville and East Liverpool was upgraded to a four-lane highway
16.
Ohio State Route 515
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State Route 515 is a north-south state highway located in east-central Ohio. Its northern terminus is at a T-intersection with U. S. Route 62 one mile southwest of the hamlet of Winesburg, the entirety of SR515 is a part of the Amish Country Byway, an officially designated National Scenic Byway. SR515 begins its 5. 5-mile-long journey at a intersection with SR39 in Walnut Creek. SR515 heads easterly through the heart of town, passing a number of business that tie in with the local Amish culture. At the Walnut Creek Township Highway 444 intersection, SR515 turns north, passing a small clump of woods before entering into open farmland predominantly composed of Amish farms, the state highway passes Township Highway 406. Turning to the northeast, SR515 next meets County Road 168, then back to the north. After a few twists and turns, SR515 descends the hill into a little valley, no portion of SR515 is included within the National Highway System. Designated in 1937 along the path it currently occupies between SR39 and US62, SR515 has not had any significant changes to its routing since its inception, the entire route is in Holmes County
17.
Millersburg, Ohio
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Millersburg is a village in and the county seat of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,025 at the 2010 census, Holmes County Airport located two miles southwest of Millersburg serves the city. Millersburg is located at 40°33′18″N 81°55′5″W, along Killbuck Creek, Millersburg is located 817 feet above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 2.23 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,025 people,1,228 households, the population density was 1,362.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,360 housing units at a density of 612.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 3% White,0. 6% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 3% from other races, and 1. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 6% of the population,32. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the family size was 3.00. The median age in the village was 37.7 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18, 10% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 9% were from 25 to 44,25. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 15. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46. 3% male and 53. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 3,326 people,1,213 households, and 771 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,649.0 people per square mile, there were 1,360 housing units at an average density of 674.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 87% White,1. 47% African American,0. 09% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 54% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 01% of the population. 30. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.05. In the village, the population was out with 24. 8% under the age of 18,9. 6% from 18 to 24,26. 9% from 25 to 44,20. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males, the median income for a household in the village was $33,809, and the median income for a family was $39,333
18.
County seat
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A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function. In the United States, counties are the subdivisions of a state. Depending on the state, counties may provide services to the public, impose taxes. Some types of subdivisions, such as townships, may be incorporated or unincorporated. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county, a county seat is usually, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, in some of the colonial states, county seats include or formerly included Court House as part of their name. Most counties have only one county seat, an example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult, there have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states, Coffee County, for example, the official county seat is Greensboro, but an additional courthouse has been located in nearby High Point since 1938. For example, Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, in New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government. Historically, counties in this region have served mainly as dividing lines for the judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of government and thus no county seats, in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine the county seats are legally designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the shire town. Bennington County has two towns, but the Sheriff is located in Bennington. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town governments. As such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county
19.
New Philadelphia, Ohio
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New Philadelphia is a city in and the county seat of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, United States. The countys largest city, it is located 71 miles south of Cleveland,119 miles northeast of Columbus on the Tuscarawas River, New Philadelphia was established in 1804. The population was 17,288 at the 2010 census, New Philadelphia is adjacent to the city of Dover, which is almost the same size. The Moravian Church founded Schoenbrunn in 1772 as a mission to the Delaware Indians, the settlement grew to include sixty dwellings and more than 300 inhabitants who drew up Ohios first civil code and built its first Christian church and schoolhouse. Problems associated with the American Revolution prompted Schoenbrunns closing in 1777, in 1833, New Philadelphia contained county buildings, a printing office, several stores, and five taverns. New Philadelphia is located at 40°29′22″N 81°26′50″W, along the Tuscarawas River and it lies within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.39 square miles. New Philadelphias design was based on the design of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, no historical records exist for a road named Broadway in Philadelphia. The chief way to reach Dover is through 4th St NW, the street features four-lane streets with medians. Right before Dover it opens up and features a Wendys, McDonalds, Arbys, as of the census of 2010, there were 17,288 people,7,282 households, and 4,541 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,103.2 inhabitants per square mile, there were 7,909 housing units at an average density of 962.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 0% White,1. 2% African American,0. 4% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 4% Pacific Islander,1. 6% from other races, and 1. 8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 2% of the population,31. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the family size was 2.87. The median age in the city was 40.4 years. 21. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 9% were from 25 to 44,27. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 16. 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 5% male and 51. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 17,056 people,7,338 households, and 4,659 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,188.0 people per square mile, there were 7,796 housing units at an average density of 1,000.1 per square mile
20.
United States Census Bureau
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The United States Census Bureau is a principal agency of the U. S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureaus primary mission is conducting the U. S. Census every ten years, in addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys, including the American Community Survey, the U. S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey, furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. The Bureaus various censuses and surveys help allocate over $400 billion in federal funds every year and help states, local communities, the Census Bureau is part of the U. S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. The Census Bureau now conducts a population count every 10 years in years ending with a 0. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections, the Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations, the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureaus legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code, the Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as surveys and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts surveys of manufacturing, retail, service. Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts, the Census Act of 1840 established a central office which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals, in 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their role in the department. An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every 2 years, in 1929, a bill was passed mandating the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the 1930 Census. In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the US Code, by law, the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U. S. President by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau regions are widely used. for data collection, the Census Bureau definition is pervasive. Title 13 of the U. S. Code establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information, all Census employees must sign an affidavit of non-disclosure prior to employment. The Bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone including United States or foreign government, only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public
21.
Baltic, Ohio
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Baltic is a village in Coshocton, Holmes, and Tuscarawas counties in the U. S. state of Ohio. The population was 795 at the 2010 census, the Rabers Almanac for the Amish community is published here. Baltic is also home to the door opener factory of The Genie Company. Baltic was originally called Rowville, and under the name was platted in 1848. Baltic is located at 40°26′36″N 81°42′10″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.80 square miles, all land. Baltic is one hour and forty five minutes south of Cleveland,90. 2% spoke English,5. 3% German,2. 3% Dutch and Pennsylvania German as their first language. As of the census of 2010, there were 795 people,277 households, the population density was 993.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 298 housing units at a density of 372.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 5% White,0. 6% African American,0. 1% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 3% of the population. 65. 1% were of German,14. 3% Irish,9. 5% Swiss,27. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the family size was 3.11. The median age in the village was 40.9 years. 25. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 9% were from 25 to 44,23. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 21. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50. 1% male and 49. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 743 people,275 households, and 196 families residing in the village. The population density was 891.0 people per square mile, there were 286 housing units at an average density of 343.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 65% White,0. 13% African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 27% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 13% of the population. 26. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.94. In the village, the population was out with 22. 7% under the age of 18,7. 1% from 18 to 24,28. 4% from 25 to 44,18. 4% from 45 to 64
22.
Glenmont, Ohio
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Glenmont is a village in Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The population was 272 at the 2010 census, in 1863 during the American Civil War, a riot by nearly 1,000 draft resisters in Glenmont was subdued by the Union Army in what became known as the Battle of Fort Fizzle. Glenmont is located at 40°31′10″N 82°5′43″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.27 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 272 people,116 households, the population density was 1,007.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 123 housing units at a density of 455.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 2% White,0. 4% Native American,0. 7% Asian,0. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 4% of the population. 32. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age in the village was 37.8 years. 25. 7% of residents were under the age of 18, 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 3% were from 25 to 44,26. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 16. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50. 4% male and 49. 6% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 283 people,115 households, and 73 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,043.9 people per square mile, there were 122 housing units at an average density of 450.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 99. 29% White,0. 35% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 35% of the population. 28. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.12. In the village, the population was out with 26. 5% under the age of 18,7. 1% from 18 to 24,30. 4% from 25 to 44,20. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males, the median income for a household in the village was $34,531, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had an income of $30,208 versus $25,156 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,001
23.
Holmesville, Ohio
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Holmesville is a village in Holmes County, Ohio, United States, along Killbuck Creek. The population was 372 at the 2010 census, holmesville was platted in 1836, and named for its location with Holmes County. Holmesville is located at 40°37′46″N 81°55′20″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.24 square miles, of which 0.23 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 372 people,146 households, the population density was 1,617.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 153 housing units at a density of 665.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 7% White,0. 3% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 3% of the population. 22. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the village was 36 years. 23. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 1% were from 25 to 44, 28% were from 45 to 64, and 12. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49. 7% male and 50. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 386 people,151 households, and 104 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,617.4 people per square mile, there were 159 housing units at an average density of 666.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 93% White,0. 52% Native American,1. 30% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 33% of the population. 27. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.07. In the village, the population was out with 24. 1% under the age of 18,9. 6% from 18 to 24,30. 1% from 25 to 44,23. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 108.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males, the median income for a household in the village was $37,375, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had an income of $27,396 versus $17,679 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,314, about 3. 8% of families and 6. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 7% of those under age 18 and 18. 2% of those age 65 or over
24.
Killbuck, Ohio
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Killbuck is a village in Holmes County, Ohio, United States, along Killbuck Creek. The population was 817 at the 2010 census, local tradition states the name is derived from an incident when a deer was killed near the town site. According to a source, the village was named for Killbuck. Killbuck is located at 40°29′53″N 81°59′0″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.36 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 817 people,334 households, the population density was 2,269.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 376 housing units at a density of 1,044.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 99. 1% White,0. 1% Asian,0. 1% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 5% of the population. 31. 1% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age in the village was 38 years. 27. 5% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 2% were between the ages of 18 and 24,25. 1% were from 25 to 44,26. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 14. 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 44. 7% male and 55. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 839 people,358 households, and 235 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,961.5 people per square mile, there were 379 housing units at an average density of 1,337.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 99. 52% White,0. 36% Native American,0. 12% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 60% of the population. 28. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.86. In the village, the population was out with 25. 4% under the age of 18,8. 7% from 18 to 24,27. 2% from 25 to 44,21. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males, the median income for a household in the village was $30,250, and the median income for a family was $33,594. Males had an income of $24,420 versus $20,781 for females
25.
Loudonville, Ohio
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Loudonville is a village in Ashland and Holmes counties in the U. S. state of Ohio. The population was 2,641 at the 2010 census, Loudonville is nicknamed the Canoe Capital of Ohio for the many canoe liveries along the Mohican River. It is also home to Mohican State Park and Mohican-Memorial State Forest, Loudonville was laid out in 1814 by James Louden Priest, and named for him. A post office called Loudonville has been in operation since 1820, Loudonville was the long-time home of The Flxible Company, a manufacturer of motorcycle sidecars, commercial cars, intercity coaches, and city-transit coaches. During World War II, Flxible interrupted its normal production and built instead a variety of war goods. A part of the former Flxible plant was in use as a depot and service point for the Motor Coach Industries until December 5,2014. The town of Loudonville includes three sites on the National Register of Historic Places and these include the Ohio Theatre, which was erected in 1909 under the name of City Hall and Opera House. The theatre had a history, and was almost closed in the 1900s. In 2009, the Ohio Theater celebrated its 100th anniversary, the home of Phillip J. Black located at 303 N. Water Street is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, built in 1856, it is now home to the Blackfork Inn Bed & Breakfast. Loudonville is located at 40°38′9″N 82°13′59″W, along the Black Fork of the Mohican River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 2.62 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,641 people,1,071 households, the population density was 1,015.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,174 housing units at a density of 451.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 8% White,0. 6% African American,0. 1% Native American,0. 4% Asian,0. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 0% of the population. 30. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age in the village was 43 years. 22. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 2% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 23% were from 25 to 44,27. 7% were from 45 to 64, and 20% were 65 years of age or older
26.
Nashville, Ohio
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Nashville is a village in Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The population was 197 at the 2010 census, in 1833, Nashville contained six houses and one tavern. Nashville is located at 40°35′46″N 82°6′47″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.08 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 197 people,76 households, the population density was 2,462.5 inhabitants per square mile. There were 91 housing units at a density of 1,137.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 99. 5% White and 0. 5% from two or more races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 5% of the population. 22. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the village was 28.9 years. 34% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 2% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 32% were from 25 to 44,15. 8% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 51. 3% male and 48. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 172 people,68 households, and 45 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,416.6 people per square mile, there were 80 housing units at an average density of 1,124.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 84% White, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 16% of the population. 30. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.20. In the village, the population was out with 26. 2% under the age of 18,11. 6% from 18 to 24,24. 4% from 25 to 44,24. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 115.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.2 males, the median income for a household in the village was $34,375, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had an income of $24,306 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,068, about 4. 5% of families and 11. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 4% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over
27.
Civil township
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A civil township is a widely used unit of local government in the United States, subordinate to a county. The term town is used in New England, New York, specific responsibilities and the degree of autonomy vary based on each state. Civil townships are distinct from survey townships, but in states that have both, the boundaries often coincide and may completely geographically subdivide a county, the U. S. Census Bureau classifies civil townships as minor civil divisions. Currently, there are 20 states with civil townships, Township functions are generally overseen by a governing board and a clerk or trustee. Township officers frequently include justice of the peace, road commissioner, assessor, constable, in the 20th century many townships also added a township administrator or supervisor to the officers as an executive for the board. In some cases townships run local libraries, senior services, youth services, disabled citizen services, emergency assistance. Depending on the state, the government has varying degrees of authority. In the Upper Midwestern states near the Great Lakes, civil townships, are often, the degree to which these townships are functioning governmental entities varies from state to state and in some cases even within a state. Most townships in Illinois also provide such as snow removal, senior transportation. The townships in Illinois each have a board, whose board members were formerly called township trustees. In contrast, civil townships in Indiana are operated in a consistent manner statewide and tend to be well organized, with each served by a single township trustee. Civil townships in these states are not incorporated, and nearby cities may annex land in adjoining townships with relative ease. In Wisconsin, civil townships are known as towns rather than townships, in Minnesota, state statute refers to such entities as towns yet requires them to have a name in the form Name Township. In both documents and conversation, town and township are used interchangeably, Minnesota townships can be either Non-Urban or Urban, but this is not reflected in the townships name. In Ohio, a city or village is overlaid onto a township unless it withdraws by establishing a paper township, where the paper township does not extend to the city limits, property owners pay taxes for both the township and municipality. Ten other states also allow townships and municipalities to overlap, in Kansas some civil townships provide services such as road maintenance and fire protection services not provided by the county. In New England, the states are subdivided into towns, which are fully functioning municipal corporations that provide most local services, while counties exist in New England, for the most part they serve as dividing lines for state judicial systems. With the exception of a few areas of New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine
28.
Berlin Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Berlin Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. It is at the heart of the Holmes County Amish settlement, the 2000 census found 3,857 people in the township. 42. 7% spoke English,42. 3% spoke Pennsylvania German, Berlin Township was organized March 20,1820 prior to the formation of Holmes County which occurred January 20,1824. It therefore began as a township of Coshocton County, statewide, other Berlin Townships are located in Delaware, Erie, Knox, and Mahoning counties. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
29.
Clark Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Clark Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 3,728 people in the township,3,614 of whom lived in the portions of the township. Statewide, other Clark Townships are located in Brown, Clinton and it was originally named German Township, but its name was changed to Clark Township in the 1910s. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
30.
Hardy Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Hardy Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 5,643 people in the township,2,317 of whom lived in the portions of the township. It is the only Hardy Township statewide, the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
31.
Killbuck Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Killbuck Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,954 people in the township,1,115 of whom lived in the portions of the township. It is the only Killbuck Township statewide, the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
32.
Knox Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Knox Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,095 people in the township,1,060 of whom lived in the portions of the township. It is one of five Knox Townships statewide, the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
33.
Mechanic Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Mechanic Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,652 people in the township and it is the only Mechanic Township statewide. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
34.
Monroe Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Monroe Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,401 people in the township and it is one of twenty-two Monroe Townships statewide. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
35.
Paint Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Paint Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 3,547 people in the township, no municipalities are located in Paint Township, although the unincorporated community of Winesburg lies in the southwestern part of the township. It is one of six Paint Townships statewide, the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
36.
Prairie Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Prairie Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,785 people in the township,2,399 of whom lived in the portions of the township. Statewide, the only other Prairie Township is located in Franklin County, the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
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Richland Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Richland Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,165 people in the township,882 of whom lived in the portions of the township. It is one of twelve Richland Townships statewide, the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
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Ripley Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Ripley Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,194 people in the township, statewide, the only other Ripley Township is located in Huron County. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
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Salt Creek Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Salt Creek Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 3,778 people in the township and it is one of five Salt Creek Townships statewide. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
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Washington Township, Holmes County, Ohio
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Washington Township is one of the fourteen townships of Holmes County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,614 people in the township,1,419 of whom lived in the portions of the township. The township is governed by a board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the election and one is elected in the year before it. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees
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Berlin, Holmes County, Ohio
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Berlin is a census-designated place located in central Berlin Township, Holmes County, Ohio, United States. It is situated at the junction of U. S. Route 62 and it is located at latitude 40°3340 north and longitude 81°4740 west. The ZIP code is 44610 and the FIPS place code is 05816, the elevation is 1260 feet above sea level. The village of Berlin - the oldest existing village in Holmes County - was first planned on July 2,1816, by John Swigert, swigerts plan provided for 108 lots to be arrayed along two streets, one north-south and the other, east-west. Another early settler, Joseph Troyer, hailed from Berlin, Pennsylvania and together Swigert, Berlin is located at a high point in Holmes County and local legend holds that Swigert chose the site because, thus situated, the town could be more readily defended against Indian attack. Most early settlers of the Berlin area were of German or Swiss ancestry, in 1818, a school was established in Berlin and in 1822 a post office. These were soon followed by Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist and Mennonite churches, later, Amish settlers began to arrive. Berlin was described in 1833 as having 21 residential houses, two stores, two taverns and a physician, today, Berlin is in the heart of Ohios largest Amish community. Ohio has about 56,000 Amish residents, an increase of 60 percent since 1992, senator Nate Torrence, television actor Berlin, Williams County, Ohio
