Wanda Group

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Dalian Wanda" redirects here. For the football club, see Dalian Wanda F.C.
Wanda Group
万达集团
Private
IndustryConglomerate[1]
FoundedDalian, Liaoning, China
1988; 30 years ago (1988)
HeadquartersBeijing, China
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Wang Jianlin (Chairman)[2]
Dīng Běnxī (丁本锡) (President)
ServicesConstruction
Entertainment & Media
Financial services
Health care
High technology
Industrial manufacturing
Hospitality
Real estate development
Retail
Sports
Diversified investments
RevenueIncrease CN¥257.371 billion (US$39.47 billion) (2014)[3]
Increase CN¥13.450 billion (US$2.06 billion) (2013)[3]
Total assetsIncrease CN¥564.250 billion (US$86.15 billion) (2014)[3]
OwnerDalian Hexing Investment Co. (owned by Wang family)[2]
Number of employees
130,000[4]
DivisionsWanda Cinemas
Wanda Media
SubsidiariesAMC Theatres
Sunseeker International
Infront Sports & Media
The Hoyts Group
World Triathlon Corporation
Legendary Entertainment
Wuzhou Film Distribution
Competitor Group
Websitewww.wanda-group.com
Wanda Group
Simplified Chinese万达集团
Traditional Chinese萬達集團
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese大连万达
Traditional Chinese大連萬達

Wanda Group (simplified Chinese: 万达集团; traditional Chinese: 萬達集團; pinyin: Wàndá Jítuán), or Dalian Wanda (Chinese: 大连万达), is a Chinese multinational conglomerate based in Beijing. It is a private property developer and owner of Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group, as well as a majority shareholder of AMC Theatres.[5][6][7]

With investments within Mainland China and globally, the Dalian Wanda group has investments across many industries including construction, entertainment, media, industrial manufacturing, financial services, high technology, hospitality, real estate, retail, healthcare, and sports. It was established in Dalian, Liaoning and is now headquartered in Beijing. It ranked 380th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2017.[8] In 2017, its assets amounted to 700 billion yuan and an annual revenue 227.4 billion yuan ($35.29 billion). Wanda Cultural Industry Group is one of China’s cultural enterprise, which includes movie theaters, sports and film-production assets, contributed 28% or $10.85 billion to overall revenue.[9]

History[edit]

The company was founded in Dalian, Liaoning, in 1988 as a residential real estate company by businessman Wang Jianlin.[10] Incorporated in 1992, the company was "one of the first shareholding companies in the PRC" after the economic reform.[11] The company started to use the name "Wanda" since then. "Wàn" (Chinese: 万) means ten thousand, and "Dá" (Chinese: 达) means to reach or attain. In combination, the company's name is a slogan claiming to be able to reach everything.[12]

Diversification push[edit]

Since 2005,[2] recent years Chinese property developers like Dalian Wanda and Evergrande have made forays into "alternative, income-generating businesses away from the property market". The Financial Times noted that Dalian Wanda was the "most aggressive" in pursuing this strategy, pointing to its 2012 acquisition of U.S. cinema chain AMC Theatres and 2013 purchase of British yachtmaker Sunseeker. It noted that it was also "building theme parks across China, and has a joint venture with Tencent and Baidu to set up an e-commerce platform".[13]

Dalian Wanda acquired the U.S.-based cinema operator AMC Theatres in May 2012 for $2.6 billion, the largest Chinese acquisition of an American company to that date.[14] The acquisition went through successfully in August 2012, making Wanda Cinemas the world’s largest cinema operator.[15] As of 2016, Wanda owns approximately 6% of all commercial movie screens in China, and about 13% in the U.S.[15] The company made major changes in AMC theater design and layout, including generously sized reclining seats, waiter service, and expanded food and drink offerings. Ticket sales at AMC nearly doubled in the 18 months following the acquisition, and by the end of 2014 Wanda had reaped a reported profit of about US$900 million.[15] AMC also co-owns of Open Road Films and Fathom Events.

In June 2013, Dalian Wanda planned to invest $1.1 billion to develop a new five-star hotel in London next to the Thames River in Vauxhall, South London, as part of the Nine Elms regeneration.[2] Mayor of London Boris Johnson welcomed this move.[16] It is building "Western Europe’s tallest residential building".[11] Plans were scrapped in 2015,

In June 2013, Dalian Wanda acquired Sunseeker International, a UK-based maker of luxury yachts used in the James Bond movies, for $500 million.[2] This acquisition gave them a 92% stake in the company.[16]

In January 2015, Dalian Wanda purchased an office building in Sydney, Australia, from Blackstone Group for around $327 million.[17] The company is "aggressively expanding overseas to move away from China's property market, which has been hit by a slowing economy".[13]

In June 2015, Wanda Cinemas announced that it had acquired Australian cinema chain Hoyts.[7]

In November 2015, it was announced that a holding company, Wanda Film Holdings, will group all film-related assets.[18]

Dalian Wanda plans for a skyscraper in Chicago to be called Wanda Vista, designed by Chicago architect Jeanne Gang and will become the city's third-tallest building. If completed, it will become the tallest building in the world designed by a woman, passing Chicago's Aqua Tower.[19]

On January 11, 2016, Wanda Group acquired Legendary Entertainment for $3.5 billion. The acquisition of Legendary made Wanda Film Holdings the highest revenue-generating film company in the world.[20]

In May 2016, Wanda Group acquired Propaganda GEM. The Entertainment Marketing and product placement agency becomes part of Wanda Group's focus on entertainment but also Hollywood content.[21]

Wanda Group also owns 20% of Mtime.[22]

In September 2016, Wanda announced a major partnership with Sony Pictures Entertainment, in which it will take minority investments in a number of upcoming releases. Sony stated that Wanda planned to "highlight the China element in the films in which it invests". The deal came in the wake of Wanda's failed bid to acquire a stake in Paramount Pictures.[23][24]

In November 2016, Wanda announced it would buy Dick Clark Productions for around $1 billion.[25] However, the deal fell through, with Bloomberg citing increasing regulation of Chinese investments both domestically and in the United States, and Deadline.com citing financial struggles in Wanda's real estate business.[26][27]

In May 2017, Wanda announced it would invest $3.3B by 2024 in EuropaCity, a mega-project near Paris' Charles de Gaulle airport that will boast a theme park, attractions, cultural exhibitions, retail shops, outdoor sports venues and restaurants over about 200 acres. It's Wanda's biggest-ever single project in Europe. Its other offshore real estate interests include a major development on the banks of London's River Thames and plans for an industrial park in India at a $10B investment.[28]

In July 2017, Wanda launched the grand opening of Danzhai Wanda Village, a $200 million project of Wanda's poverty alleviation.

In July 2017 it was reported that the group was selling a number of theme parks and hotels for $9.3 billion to Chinese property developer Sunac.[29]

In August, Wanda invested $2.14 billion in healthcare industry and launched the Healthcare Group. Wanda cooperates with International Hospital Group.[30]

August 9, 2017, Wanda Group announced acquisitions of Wanda Culture Travel Innovation Group and Wanda Hotel Management Co. in a major restructuring. In a filing posted on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Wanda Hotel Development said it will acquire Wanda Travel for RMB6.3 billion, paid either in cash, the issue of shares and/or convertible bonds, with share prices determined by the company’s closing price on Aug. 8 at HK$1.16 per share. Wanda Hotel Development will acquire Wanda Hotel Management for a cash price of RMB750 million.[31]

In September 2017, Wanda launched its accelerator project. The final 15 tech startups have been selected for the first Wanda Accelerator project, in order to take full advantage of Wanda's resources, introducing imaginative technology products, and fostering innovation.[32]

In September 28, 2017, S&P downgrades Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties to BB.[33]

In 2017, Wanda earned around 49% of its revenue from Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties Co. 28% or $10.85 billion, of total revenue was contributed by Wanda's cultural unit, including movie theaters, sports and film-production.[34]

On January 29, Tencent, Suning, JD.com, and Sunac signed strategic investment agreements with Wanda Commercial, with plans to invest about RMB 34 billion to acquire Wanda Commercial’s 14% equity interest.[35]

On February 5, Wanda Group signed a strategic investment agreement with Alibaba Group and Cultural Investment Holdings. The 2 parties will invest 7.8 billion yuan for Wanda Film Holding’s 12.77% stake. Of which, Alibaba invests 4.68 billion yuan and CIS invests 3.12 billion yuan, becoming the second and third largest shareholders after the transaction. Wanda Group remains the controlling shareholder with 48.09% of shares in Wanda Film.[36]

In 2018, on April 28, the Qingdao Movie Metropolis, a nearly RMB 50 billion industrial investment project, was completed after four years and seven months of construction. The Qingdao Movie Metropolis covers a land area of 166 hectares. According to plans, its production zone will have 52 high-tech studios, including 30 completed in the first phase and 10 under construction in the second phase, including the world’s largest studio measuring 10,000 sq. m., the world’s only integrated outdoor and indoor underwater studio, a comprehensive costumes and props workshop, and a world-leading post-production workshop, among others.

In May 2018, Wanda, Tencent and Gaopeng launch Internet technology company to build “new consumption” model. The three parties will launch an Internet technology joint venture (JV) to build a world-class new consumption model that will integrate both online and offline businesses. Among the three companies, the breakdown of the JV’s shareholdings is as follows: Wanda Group’s Wanda Commercial Management Group (51%), Tencent (42.48%), and Gaopeng (6.52%).[37]

Initial public offering[edit]

In December 2014, Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties, the group's property division, raised $3.7 billion in an initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange,[38] the "most money a real estate company has raised in the public markets".[11] The IPO made founder Wang Jianlin worth more than $25 billion, making him one of China's richest men.[5]

In 2016, the group sought to privatize Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties less than 18 months after the unit's listing on the stock exchange.[39] Standard & Poor was concerned that the move would weaken Wanda Commercial's transparency.[39]

Sports[edit]

On January 20, 2015, it was reported that Wang Jianlin was buying a 20% stake in the La Liga club Atlético Madrid.[40] The purchase was finalised March 31, 2015, when the company Wanda Madrid Investment, a subsidiary of Dalian Wanda Group, officially become a partial owner of Atlético Madrid after gaining control of 726,707 shares, representing a 20% ownership stake. The purchase price was €44,983,163.30, or €61.90 per share.[41] The Group sold 17% of its stake to Israeli businessman Idan Ofer on 14 February 2018 for an undisclosed amount.[42]

In February 2015, Dalian Wanda won an auction to purchase Infront Sports & Media, a sports marketing company based in Zug, Switzerland, for $1.2 billion.[43][44] Infront distributes broadcasting rights for some of the world’s biggest sporting events; for example, it has the exclusive sales rights to broadcast FIFA's events from 2015 to 2022, including the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. According to Wang Jianlin, "the acquisition is expected to help boost sports in China and increase Wanda’s influence in global sports".[45]

Wanda Plaza in Wuhan

In August 2015, Dalian Wanda has acquired World Triathlon Corporation, a US-based company promoting and licensing various triathlon competitions, for $650 million.[46]

In November 2015, it was announced that a sports division will include all sports-related assets.[18]

In March 2016, FIFA announced that Wanda would be a major sponsor for international events until 2030. In September of the same year, Wanda Group announced a media and sponshorship deal with Badminton World Federation through its subsidiary, Infront Sports & Media.[47]

In June 2017 it purchased Competitor Group (operator of the Rock 'n' Roll Marathon Series).[48]

In late February 2018, Wanda Group took control of Chinese Super League team Dalian Yifang, though the decision was not officially announced.[49] Wanda also signed Yannick Carrasco and Nicolas Gaitan from Atlético Madrid right after selling the club's shares.[50]

Wanda Group was also one the organizer/sponsor of the Tour of Guangxi.

Operations[edit]

Wanda Group has its headquarters in the Wanda Plaza (Chinese: 万达广场) in Beijing's Chaoyang District, where it moved in 2009.[51] In May 2015, Dalian Wanda Group announced that it was in the process of relocating its corporate headquarters to Shanghai, which will become the third Chinese city to host the company's headquarters.[52]

As of December 31, 2016, Dalian Wanda owned 185 Wanda Plazas, 90 hotels, 3,947 cinema screens throughout China.[53]

In 2013, the company’s assets totaled 380 billion yuan ($62.8 billion), its annual income reached 186.6 billion yuan ($30.8 billion) and net profits exceeded 12.5 billion yuan ($2.06 billion).

In early 2014, Wanda ought the property of One Beverly Hills, and later overcame the exit of its local development partner, as well as bitter objections and lawsuits filed by Israeli-American entrepreneur Beny Alagem, owner of the Beverly Hilton next door. After Wanda came under fire from Beijing regulators in 2017 over its aggressive overseas dealmaking, its local development partner on project One Beverly Hills walk away. Wanda sold this project in 2017.[54]

By January 2017, Dalian Wanda Group was the largest film exhibitor in China, with Shanghai Film Group in second.[55]

In July 2017, the Chinese Central Government introduced new measures that bar state-owned banks from providing new loans to private Chinese firms to curb their foreign expansion.[56] According to media reports, the measures were approved directly by General Secretary Xi Jinping.[57] Next to Wanda Group, the measures also targeted HNA Group Co., Anbang Insurance Group as well as Fosun International Ltd.[56] Chairman Wang Jianlin responded by announcing that the company will focus on investing into the domestic market, and sold $9.4 billion worth of assets, including 77 hotels and a 91 percent stake in 13 theme parks to a smaller Chinese competitor.[58]

In October 2018, Dalian Wanda exited the domestic Chinese theme park business by selling its parks management companies to Sunac for 6.3 billion yuan ($900 million). The deal included the film and TV studios that Wanda constructed in Qingdao.[59]

Sponsorships[edit]

Since 2011, Dalian Wanda has been the major sponsor of the Chinese Super League football league.[60] From 1994 to 2000, it was the primary sponsor for the Dalian Shide F.C. (then named Dalian Wanda F.C.), during which time the club won four titles in the Chinese top-tier Jia-A League.[61]

The "China's Future Football Stars" project, kicked off in 2013, is being funded by the Wanda Group with an initial phase-I investment of at least 200 million yuan (approximately $32.5 million), the biggest sponsorship in domestic youth sports development since 1949. The program will see 30 young footballers sent to Spain each year for a three-year training program that will consist of football training, as well as education in Spanish language and local culture.

On March 18, 2016, Wanda signed a deal with FIFA to provide sponsorship at the next four World Cup competitions, up until 2030. Although it is still unclear as to how much money has changed hands, and also which Wanda Subsidiaries will be appearing. This deal makes Wanda the first Chinese First-Tier FIFA Sponsor.

On December 9, 2016 Wanda signed a deal with Atlético Madrid to have the new stadium named after the Wanda Group. The new stadium's name is Wanda Metropolitano. Wanda Group already owns 20% of the Spanish football club.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Spender, Tom. "Interview with Dalian Wanda's Wang Jianlin". Tomspender.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Wei, Michael (19 August 2013). "Property Mogul Emerges as China's Richest Person". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "Corporate Profile". Official website of Wanda Group. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  4. ^ "Employee Benefits - Wanda Group". www.wanda-group.com.
  5. ^ a b "It's a Wanda-ful life". The Economist. February 14, 2015.
  6. ^ "Industry Partners: Dalian Wanda Group". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  7. ^ a b Matthew Miller (2 June 2015). "China's Dalian Wanda buys Australian cinema chain Hoyts". Reuters. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Dalian Wanda Group". Fortune. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  9. ^ Fong, Dominique; Ma, Wayne (2018-01-21). "China's Wanda Gets Back to Basics as Revenue Slides". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  10. ^ "Wanda Group threw 5 billion yuan for rock-bottom price bargains, and Wang Jianlin predicted a complete shuffle for the real estate industry - Column of Wang Jianlin - About Wanda". Dalian Wanda Group. November 29, 2008. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  11. ^ a b c Alexandra Stevenson; Michael Forsythe (December 16, 2014). "Dalian Wanda Commercial, a Chinese Developer, Raises $3.7 Billion in I.P.O." New York Times.
  12. ^ "Wanda's Globalized "Logo"-Wanda Group". www.wanda-group.com. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  13. ^ a b Josh Noble; Gabriel Wildau (January 15, 2015). "Dalian Wanda changes property strategy after IPO". Financial Times.
  14. ^ "News Summary: AMC theater chain to be sold". Bloomberg Businessweek. May 21, 2012.
  15. ^ a b c Shih, Willy; McGee, Henry (December 2015). "Hollywood on the Yellow Sea". The Atlantic. 316 (5): 44–51. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  16. ^ a b "China's Dalian Wanda to buy UK yacht maker and hotel". BBC. June 19, 2013.
  17. ^ "Blackstone to sell prime Sydney property to Dalian Wanda for $327 million", Reuters, 26 January 2015
  18. ^ a b Patrick Frater (November 2, 2015). "China's Wanda Establishes Global Film Division". variety.com. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  19. ^ Kamin, Blair (Apr 14, 2015). "Proposed skyscraper could be third-tallest -- or fifth-tallest -- in Chicago". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  20. ^ Brzeski, Patrick (2016-01-11). "It's Official: China's Wanda Acquires Legendary Entertainment for $3.5 Billion". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  21. ^ "Wanda Buys Marketing Specialist Propaganda GEM, Hoolai Games", Variety, 2016
  22. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (June 15, 2016). "Is 'Warcraft's Outsized China Box Office A Game-Changer For Hollywood?". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  23. ^ "Wanda Group partners with Sony Pictures, giving China's richest man a leg up in Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  24. ^ "China's Wanda Forming Major Alliance With Sony Pictures". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  25. ^ Angeles, Erich Schwartzel in Los; Beijing, Wayne Ma in (2016-11-04). "China's Wanda Group to Buy Dick Clark Productions for About $1 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
  26. ^ "Wanda's $1 Billion Bid for Dick Clark Faces Hurdles". Bloomberg. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  27. ^ "Dick Clark Productions Owner Scraps $1B Sale To Wanda Group". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  28. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (2016-02-26). "China's Wanda Group Confirms $3.3 Billion Investment In EuropaCity Complex Near Paris – Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
  29. ^ Yan, Sophia (2017-07-12). "Wanda sale to Sunac: Strange accounting trick behind one of China's largest property deals ever". Retrieved 2017-07-14.
  30. ^ "万达发力大健康 行业未来前景看好_搜狐财经_搜狐网". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2017-08-05.
  31. ^ "Wanda Hotel Development Announces Acquisitions of Wanda Travel and Wanda Hotel Management in Major Restructuring-Wanda Group". www.wanda-group.com. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
  32. ^ "Building an open platform for brick-and-mortar commerce and promoting innovation and transformation of retail". AsiaOne. Retrieved 2017-09-22.
  33. ^ "Subscribe to read". Financial Times. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  34. ^ Fong, Dominique (January 21, 2018). "China's Wanda Gets Back to Basics as Revenue Slides". The Wall Street Journal. The New York Times, New York City, United States. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  35. ^ "Wanda Commercial Signs Strategic Investment Agreements with Tencent and Other Investors to Jointly Build O2O "New Consumption"-Wanda Group". www.wanda-group.com. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  36. ^ "BRIEF-Wanda Group Says It Signs Strategic Investment Agreement With Al". Reuters. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  37. ^ "Wanda and Tencent team up on 'smart retail' venture". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
  38. ^ Ho, Prudence (December 15, 2014). "Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties Raises $3.7 Billion in IPO". Wall Street Journal.
  39. ^ a b Jim, Clare (May 30, 2016). "Dalian Wanda makes $4.4 billion offer to take Hong Kong-listed property arm private". Reuters. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  40. ^ "China’s 2nd-Richest Grabs Stake in Spanish Soccer Club", Bloomberg News (January 20, 2015).
  41. ^ "Club Atlético de Madrid - Wanda Group is now the owner of 20% of the Club's shareholding". Club Atlético de Madrid.
  42. ^ "China's Dalian Wanda sells 17 percent stake in Spain's Atletico Madrid". Reuters. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  43. ^ Cotterill, Joseph; Massoudi, Arash; Blitz, Roger. "Dalian Wanda buys Sepp Blatter nephew's sports rights agency". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  44. ^ "China's Wanda buys sports group Infront for 1.05 billion euros". Business Insider. Retrieved 2015-02-09.
  45. ^ Burkitt, Laurie (February 9, 2015). "Dalian Wanda to Buy Swiss Sports Group Infront". Wall Street Journal.
  46. ^ "China's Dalian Wanda Buys Ironman Triathlon Brand for $650M". The New York Times. August 26, 2015. Archived from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  47. ^ Lollike, Emma. "BWF and Wanda announce landmark partnership". Badminton Europe. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  48. ^ Drape, Joe (2 June 2017). "Chinese Billionaire Adds Rock 'n' Roll Marathons to Growing Ironman Empire". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  49. ^ "Dalian Wanda plans return to Chinese Super League". atimes.com. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  50. ^ "China's Dalian Yifang sign two Atletico Madrid stars". NBC Sports. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  51. ^ "Contact." Wanda Group. Retrieved on January 4, 2015. "Headquarters Address: Tower B, Wanda Plaza, No. 93 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing" - Chinese address: "北京市朝阳区建国路93号万达广场B座"
  52. ^ "China's Richest Man Plans To Move Headquarters To Shanghai From Beijing". Forbes. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  53. ^ "Introduction: About Wanda". Dalian Wanda Group. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
  54. ^ "Can China's Tech Giants Restore Confidence in Wanda?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  55. ^ Schwartzel, Erin (January 19, 2017), Paramount Pictures Gets a $1 Billion Infusion from China, New York: The Wall Street Journal, retrieved January 22, 2017
  56. ^ a b Wei, Lingling; Deng, Chao (2017-07-23). "Xi's Sign-Off Deals Blow to China Inc.'s Global Spending Spree". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  57. ^ "China's Xi Said to Order Crackdown on Wanda | Mingtiandi". www.mingtiandi.com. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  58. ^ "Wanda Will Keep Major Investments in China, Chairman Says - Caixin Global". www.caixinglobal.com. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  59. ^ Frater, Patrick (2018-10-31). "China's Wanda Completes Exit From Film Studios and Theme Parks". Variety. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  60. ^ "Dalian Wanda to invest millions in Chinese football". Soccerex. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  61. ^ van de Ven, Johan. "Death of an Institution: The Dalian Shide Story". Wild East Football. Retrieved 22 November 2014.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wanda_Group&oldid=867879346"