The Scottish wars were two extended military conflicts in which the Kingdom of England attempted to establish control over the Kingdom of Scotland. In spite of significant temporary successes, the Eng
Edward I and his son, Edward, Prince of Wales
The dethroned King John, whom a Scottish chronicler dubbed 'toom tabard' ('empty coat')
Notable figures from the first War of Independence as depicted by the Victorian artist William Hole
Bannockburn Monument plaque
Kingdom of Scotland
Videos
The Kingdom of Scotland was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the
Wars of Scottish Independence
…The Scottish wars (1296–1357) were two extended military conflicts in which the Kingdom of England attempted to establish control over the Kingdom of Scotland. In spite of significant temporary successes, the English efforts in both wars ultimately failed due to Scottish resistance and Scotland remained an…
James VI, whose inheritance of the thrones of England and Ireland created a dynastic union in 1603
Coronation of Alexander III of Scotland at Scone Abbey; beside him are the Mormaers of Strathearn and Fife while his genealogy is recited by a royal poet.
The Parliament of Scotland, also known as the Estates of Scotland, at Parliament House, Edinburgh
The Regiam Majestatem is the oldest surviving written digest of Scots law.