Hydraulic shock is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly; a momentum change. It is usually observed in a liquid but gases can also be affected. This phenomenon commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe.
Effect of a pressure surge on a float gauge
Expansion joints on a steam line that have been destroyed by steam hammer
Typical pressure wave caused by closing a valve in a pipeline
A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which an incompressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure that is applied by an external source of mechanical energy. The external source can be an engine, a spring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas. An accumulator enables a hydraulic system to cope with extremes of demand using a less powerful pump, to respond more quickly to a temporary demand, and to smooth out pulsations. It is a type of energy storage device.
Grimsby Dock Tower
Hydraulic engine house, Bristol Harbour
Steam fire engine, with vertical copper accumulator
Piston accumulator