A weir, or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a body of water that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are used
A weir on the Humber River near Cruikshank Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
A weir on the Yass River, New South Wales, Australia, directly upstream from a shared pedestrian-bicycle river crossing
A weir on the Tikkurilankoski rapids in Vantaa, Finland
The broad crested weir at the Thorp grist mill in Thorp, Washington, US
A hydraulic jump is an abrupt increase in the depth of a fast-moving liquid stream in an open channel, which is accompanied by a decrease in speed. The jump appears as a wavy or turbulent region betwe
Weir
…relatively calm, they can be extremely dangerous places to boat, swim, or wade, as the circulation patterns on the downstream side—typically called a hydraulic jump—can submerge a person indefinitely. Canoers and kayakers often colloquially refer to weirs as "drowning machines", especially in warning signage. The…
The roughly circular hydraulic jump is around the central stream of water from a tap when it hits the flat surface of a sink. The thin region in the center has high speed and the thick region beyond has low speed.
Concrete overflow spillway at Lower St. Anthony Falls on the Mississippi River, showing a pronounced hydraulic jump at its base.
A tidal bore in Alaska showing a steep, turbulent front. The upstream water is relatively shallow and the fractional change in elevation is large.
An undular front on a tidal bore. The upstream water is relatively deep and the fractional change in elevation is small.