1.
Wembley Stadium
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Wembley Stadium is a football stadium in Wembley, London, England, which opened in 2007, on the site of the original Wembley Stadium, which was demolished from 2002–2003. The stadium hosts football matches including home matches of the England national football team. The stadium will be the home of Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur while White Hart Lane is being demolished. Wembley Stadium is owned by the body of English football. The FA headquarters are based in the stadium, with 90,000 seats, it is the largest football stadium in England, the largest stadium in the UK and the second-largest stadium in Europe. Designed by Populous and Foster and Partners, it includes a retractable roof. The stadium was built by Australian firm Multiplex at a cost of £798 million, a UEFA category four stadium, Wembley hosted the 2011 and 2013 UEFA Champions League Finals, and will host both the semi-finals and final of UEFA Euro 2020. The stadium hosted the Gold medal matches at the 2012 Olympic Games football tournament, the stadium also hosts rugby leagues Challenge Cup final, the NFL International Series and music concerts. The design of the services was carried out by Mott MacDonald. It is one of the most expensive ever built at a cost of £798 million. The all-seater stadium is a design with a capacity of 90,000. It can also be adapted as a stadium by erecting a temporary platform over the lowest tier of seating. The stadiums signature feature is a circular section lattice arch of 7 m internal diameter with a 315 m span, erected some 22° off true and it supports all the weight of the north roof and 60% of the weight of the retractable roof on the southern side. The archway is the worlds longest unsupported roof structure, a platform system has been designed to convert the stadium for athletics use, but its use would decrease the stadiums capacity to approximately 60,000. No athletics events have taken place at the stadium, and none are scheduled, the conversion for athletics use was a condition of part of the lottery funding the stadium received, but to convert it would take weeks of work and cost millions of pounds. Demolition officially began on 30 September 2002, with the Twin Towers being dismantled in December 2002, delays to the construction project started as far back as 2003. In December 2003, the constructors of the arch, subcontractors Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company of Darlington, Cleveland Bridge withdrew from the project and replaced by Dutch firm Hollandia with all the attendant problems of starting over. In October 2005, Sports Minister Richard Caborn announced, They say the Cup Final will be there, by November 2005, WNSL were still hopeful of a handover date of 31 March, in time for the cup final on 13 May
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
London Underground
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The London Underground is a public rapid transit system serving London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom. The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2015–16 carried 1.34 billion passengers, the 11 lines collectively handle approximately 4.8 million passengers a day. The system has 270 stations and 250 miles of track, despite its name, only 45% of the system is actually underground in tunnels, with much of the network in the outer environs of London being on the surface. In addition, the Underground does not cover most southern parts of Greater London, the current operator, London Underground Limited, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London, the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in Greater London. As of 2015, 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares, the Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. Contactless card payments were introduced in 2014, the LPTB was a prominent patron of art and design, commissioning many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. Other famous London Underground branding includes the roundel and Johnston typeface, to prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. This test tunnel was used for two years in the development of the first underground train, and was later, in 1861, the worlds first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, the Metropolitan District Railway opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground inner circle connecting Londons main-line termini. The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884, built using the cut and this opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898, followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, the Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. When the Bakerloo was so named in July 1906, The Railway Magazine called it an undignified gutter title, by 1907 the District and Metropolitan Railways had electrified the underground sections of their lines. In January 1913, the UERL acquired the Central London Railway, the Bakerloo line was extended north to Queens Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but World War I delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. During air raids in 1915 people used the stations as shelters. An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war, the Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the Metro-land brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. Electrification was extended north from Harrow to Rickmansworth, and branches opened from Rickmansworth to Watford in 1925, the Piccadilly line was extended north to Cockfosters and took over District line branches to Harrow and Hounslow. In 1933, most of Londons underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, the Waterloo & City Railway, which was by then in the ownership of the main line Southern Railway, remained with its existing owners. In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, in the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936
4.
Wembley Park tube station
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Wembley Park is a London Underground station in Wembley Park, north west London. The station is served by the Undergrounds Metropolitan and Jubilee Lines and is in Travelcard Zone 4 and it is located on Bridge Road and is the nearest Underground station to the Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena complex. The station currently has six London Underground tracks, with the two Jubilee line tracks in the centre flanked in turn by the Slow and Fast Metropolitan line tracks, Fast trains call at the station only during off-peak periods. Both Metropolitan and Jubilee line trains may start or end their service at the station, Jubilee line trains that terminate at Wembley Park reverse via sidings between the running lines to the north of the station. Meanwhile, Metropolitan line trains terminate at Wembley Park use the fly-under. The frontage of the building is an Italianate design from the early 20th century. However, because of the use of the station the layout has been altered many times since. Behind the frontage are passages above track level with staircases leading down to the platforms, parts of the platforms were rebuilt in the 1940s and then the 2000s, which also added the current entrance to the west of the station towards the stadium. Until 1880 the Metropolitan Railway line out of London only ran as far as Willesden Green, in early 1879 work began to build an extension to Harrow-on-the-Hill, with one additional station at Kingsbury and Neasden. Services to Harrow started on 2 August 1880, extending the MR route into Middlesex, at this time Wembley was a sparsely populated rural area which did not merit the construction of a railway station and MR trains passed through without stopping. In his 1973 BBC documentary Metro-land, Sir John Betjeman remarked, Wembley Park station was specially constructed to serve these pleasure grounds as a destination for excursion trips on the companys trains. The station opened for the first time on 14 October 1893 and it opened fully on 12 May 1894. Watkin confidently anticipated that large crowds would flock to the park, watkins Tower ran into structural and financial difficulty, it was never completed and the partially built structure was demolished in 1904. Despite this, Wembley Park itself remained an attraction and flourished. Later in the 1890s, the Great Central Railways London extension was constructed adjacent to the MRs tracks, the tracks pass under the entrance building but the station has never been served by main line operators. In 1905 the tracks were electrified and the first electric trains became operational, between 1913 and 1915, the MR added additional tracks to double the lines capacity. On 10 December 1932, the MR opened a line north from Wembley Park to Stanmore. From 1915 the MR began a programme of selling off its surplus land holdings in Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, originally, the MR served all stations south from Wembley Park to Baker Street station but the line suffered from congestion due to limited capacity on the tracks heading into Baker Street
5.
National Rail
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The name and the accompanying double arrow symbol are the intellectual property of the Secretary of State for Transport. The National Rail logo was introduced by ATOC in 1999, and was used on the Great Britain public timetable for the first time in the edition valid from 26 September in that year. Rules for its use are set out in the Corporate Identity Style Guidelines published by the Rail Delivery Group, the NR title is sometimes described as a brand. As it was used by British Rail, the operator before franchising, its use also maintains continuity and public familiarity. National Rail should not be confused with Network Rail, the two networks are generally coincident where passenger services are run. Most major Network Rail lines carry traffic and some lines are freight only. About twenty privately owned operating companies, each franchised for a defined term by government. The Rail Delivery Group is the association representing the TOCs and provides core services. It also runs Rail Settlement Plan, which allocates ticket revenue to the various TOCs, and Rail Staff Travel and it does not compile the national timetable, which is the joint responsibility of the Office of Rail Regulation and Network Rail. Since the privatisation of British Rail there is no longer a single approach to design on railways in Great Britain, the look and feel of signage, liveries and marketing material is largely the preserve of the individual TOCs. However, National Rail continues to use BRs famous double-arrow symbol and it has been incorporated in the National Rail logotype and is displayed on tickets, the National Rail website and other publicity. The trademark rights to the arrow symbol remain state-owned, being vested in the Secretary of State for Transport. The double arrow was already prescribed for indicating a railway station, the lettering used in the National Rail logotype is a modified form of the typeface Sassoon Bold. It is a misconception that Rail Alphabet was also used for printed material. The British Rail typefaces of choice from 1965 were Helvetica and Univers, TOCs may use what they like, examples include Futura, Helvetica, Frutiger, Bliss, and a modified version of Precious by London Midland. Several conurbations have their own metro or tram systems, most of which are not part of National Rail, LO now also possesses some infrastructure in its own right, following the reopening of the former East London line of London Underground as the East London Railway of LO. Heathrow Express and Eurostar are also not part of the National Rail network despite sharing of stations, northern Ireland Railways were never part of British Rail, which was always confined to Great Britain, and therefore are not part of the National Rail network. National Rail services have a common ticketing structure inherited from British Rail, through tickets are available between any pair of stations on the network, and can be bought from any station ticket office
6.
Wembley Stadium railway station
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Wembley Stadium railway station is a Network Rail station in Wembley Park, Wembley, Greater London on the Chiltern Main Line. At a quarter of a south west of the sports venue it is the nearest station to Wembley Stadium. The first station to bear the name Wembley Stadium, at, the connections faced London to allow an intensive service with no reversing. It was renamed several times to become Wembley Stadium Station in 1928, the station was last used on 18 May 1968 for the 1968 FA Cup Final between Everton v West Bromwich Albion. and was officially closed on 1 September 1969. Traces of the line can be seen on maps and in aerial photographs, the line was normally used only for passenger services for events at the stadium or the Empire Pool within the estate built for the 1924 British Empire Exhibition. On 20 November 1905 the Great Central Railway opened a new route for trains between Neasden Junction and Northolt Junction. Passenger services from Marylebone began on 1 March 1906, when three new stations were opened, Wembley Hill, Sudbury & Harrow Road and South Harrow, on 2 April 1906 these services were extended to Northolt Junction. There were originally four tracks with the two platforms on passing loops outside the inner non-stop running lines, the current two-track layout dates from the 1960s, the 4 tracks were closed for a week by a 200 yards landslide in a cutting near the station from 18 February 1918. Train services are operated by Chiltern Railways and run from Marylebone towards High Wycombe, trains can reach London Marylebone in ten minutes. There will be a northbound service too, with trains travelling to Banbury, Birmingham. London Buses routes 83,92,182,224 and 483 serve the station, the proposed West London Orbital would call at this station. The underground railway would run between Brent Cross and Surbiton, the railway is still at the proposal stage and is neither approved nor funded. The proposed North and West London Light Railway, possibly a light rail service, train times and station information for Wembley Stadium railway station from National Rail Wembley Stadium at Chiltern Railways
7.
London Overground
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The London Overground is a suburban rail network in the United Kingdom. Established in 2007, it serves a large part of Greater London and parts of Hertfordshire, the network forms part of the National Rail network, but under the franchise control and branding of Transport for London. Operation has been franchised to Arriva Rail London since 13 November 2016, the Overground has been assigned the colour orange as a mode specific colour by Transport for London. This colour is used in the Overground version of the TfL roundel, for the representation of Overground routes on the map, in train interiors. Rail services in Great Britain are mostly run under franchises operated by train operating companies. The concept of developing a network of services around London goes back to the independently produced Ringrail proposals in the early 1970s. The proposal from Barren was for several overlapping services mainly using the North London Line and this was given the marketing name Cross Town Link-Line, and operated with basic 2-car diesel units. The next initiative came from the GLC in 1984, when the government supported the Broadgate development that would entail the demolition of Broad Street Station. The closure process was convoluted because of problems in making arrangements for the North London Line. These would eventually run to and from Liverpool Street via a new section of track and this used a name once associated with a semicircular service that operated from Broad Street to Mansion House, but ceased during World War 1. The pamphlets and briefings, first issued in 1997, initially suggested a route from Clapham Junction to the Greenwich Peninsula, intended to improve access from south London to the Millennium Dome. However, this was thwarted by architect Richard Rogers who considered a railway route on an elevated viaduct could cause community severance, nothing further happened to develop this network until after the new GLA was set up in 2000. But the lobbying discreetly continued with a series of short briefings published by one RDS member based in North London, mayoral and GLA candidates were approached to discuss the viability of the Outer Circle concept. The principle was widely supported and was adopted into the first Mayors Transport Plan, meanwhile, a pilot scheme was launched in 2003 to bring several National Rail local services, mainly in South London and operated by multiple companies, under the ON – Overground Network brand. TfL introduced consistent information displays, station signage and maps on the routes in South London. The pilot scheme was later dropped, in January 2004 the Department for Transport announced a review of the rail industry in Great Britain. As part of review, proposals were put forward by TfL for a London Regional Rail Authority to give TfL regulatory powers over rail services in. A result of consultation was agreement by the then Secretary of State for Transport, Alistair Darling
8.
Wembley Central station
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Wembley Central is an interchange station in Wembley, in north-west London, served by London Underground Bakerloo line, London Overground, London Midland and Southern. It is on the modest-sized east-west High Road, december 2014, London Midland services between London Euston and Tring have been introduced. On 13 October 1940, a passenger train was derailed after it collided with a platform barrow obstructing the line. Several people were killed and many more were injured, in 1984, a passenger train overran a signal and collided with a freight train, killing three people. As a result, the main platforms are locked out of use for most of the day and entrance is only allowed 5 minutes before the trains are due, the Southern services. Passengers alighting from these services must make their way to the end of the platform, gates into these platforms open 5 minutes before the train is expected to arrive. The station was modernised in 2006 with additional safety features, when a major event occurs at Wembley Stadium, all London Midland services call here always stopping at platforms 5 and 6. Virgin Trains services are formed of trains which are too long for the platforms and take longer to set down, as a result, these services will make additional stops at Watford Junction or Milton Keynes, for customers to change onto London Midland or Southern services. Fast London Midland services using platforms 5 &6 are usually longer than the platforms, so, when trains are formed of more than six coaches, customers wishing to board and alight the train must do so from the front four coaches only. British Transport Police officers maintain a presence on match days. In practice, this means the bridge is usually locked and out of use, other recent works include the resurfacing of platforms 1 and 2 complete with the installation of curved steel cladding panels also completed by contractor, C Spencer Ltd. The stations staff received refurbished messing facilities and new public toilets have also been installed, in 2011-12, the station was made step-free, in preparation for the Olympics. A step-free route was provided between the entrance and platforms 1 and 2 for the first time, with the installation of two new lifts and a stair lift. The toilets were refurbished to make them fully accessible, two platforms were extended as well. In June 2008, the London Borough of Brent planned that the station was going to be demolished for re-development, as part of the Wembley Central Square plan, by St. Modwen construction company. London Buses routes 18,79,83,92,182,204,223,224,297,483 and H17 and night routes N18, train times and station information for Wembley Central station from National Rail
9.
Quintain (company)
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The business was founded by Adrian Wyatt and Christopher Walls in 1992, and first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1996. At one stage, property investor Paul Kemsley invested heavily in the company and he then sold his shares to HBOS, which tried unsuccessfully to take over the company. In February 2012 the company acquired Grafton Advisers, a property management business focused on West End commercial assets, Adrian Wyatt handed over to Maxwell James as CEO in May 2012. At Wembley Park 500 homes were built and occupied, and Wembley Arena was renovated and re-opened, a 661-bedroom student scheme and 381-bedroom Hilton Hotel were built. The London Designer Outlet opened in autumn 2013, in July 2015, Quintain accepted a £700 million offer from Lone Star Funds. However, the deal had only approved by 71. 7% of the shareholders - short of the 75% required for the deal to go through. Activist hedge fund, Elliot Associates LP, took control of 12. 9% of voting rights for Quintain, as a result of the pressure put on by the activist hedge fund, Lone Star Funds increased the buyout offer to £745 million. This represents a bid that is 10 pence higher than the previous, one of the intriguing parts of the buyout lies in Quintains preapproval to build 5,000 houses surrounding Wembley Stadium - home to Englands soccer team. Quintain has approval to build 5,000 new homes near England’s national soccer stadium at Wembley and Lone Star plans to accelerate the construction at the project after its bid is accepted
10.
Anschutz Entertainment Group
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The Anschutz Entertainment Group is an American worldwide sporting and music entertainment presenter and a subsidiary of The Anschutz Corporation. It is the worlds largest owner of sports teams and sports events, under the AEG Live brand, it is the worlds second largest presenter of live music and entertainment events after Live Nation. AEG Live was started in 2002, AEG owns and operates a variety of venues, sport teams and entertainment concerns. For venues, AEG owns and operates the Staples Center and the StubHub Center, in England, it owns the Manchester Arena, and currently operates The O2 which includes a 20,000 capacity arena. In Turkey, AEG operates 13,800 capacity Ulker Sports Arena, as part of the development of the O2, Anschutz also purchased the London river service company Thames Clipper, and supported the development of the nearby David Beckham Academy. The company has its headquarters in Downtown Los Angeles, AEG also owned Hamburg Freezers before ceasing its existence in 2016. The company also purchased the Champions on Ice figure skating tour in 2006 and it is now the second-largest event promoter in the United States. AEG Live came to public attention in 2009 when it acted as the promoter for Michael Jacksons This Is It concerts. Jackson died just three weeks before the series of 50 concerts were due to begin, on September 18,2012, The Anschutz Corporation announced its intent to sell Anschutz Entertainment Group and its holdings. The company has retained financial advisors Blackstone Advisory Partners to assist in AEGs sale process, approval to begin construction of Farmers Field in 2013 for a 2016 completion was in the process of being finalized at the time that AEGs sale was announced. On March 14,2013, Anschutz announced AEG is no longer for sale, AEG operates the Sprint Center for the city of Kansas City, Missouri, and Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Anschutz knows Prescott personally, having had him as a guest for a stay at Anschutzs ranch in 2005 and footing the bill for hospitality. In January 2007, the Super Casino license was awarded to a group in Manchester, rather than to Blackpool or London, Anschutz spent £50m on the Manchester Arena and the winner of the casino licence is a close ally of Anschutz, Sol Kerzner. The informal partnership was dissolved the following year, in October 2011, it was announced an agreement with Palmeiras and WTorre for managing the Allianz Parque, one of the most modern multipurpose spaces in the world, located in São Paulo, Brazil. With construction starting in 2010, was completed in November 2014, in September 2013, it was announced that AEG Facilities, a stand-alone affiliate of AEG, had signed a 15-year contract to operate Wembley Arena in London, UK. In 2014, the partnership of AEG Live with MGM Resorts International began construction of Las Vegas Arena located west of the Las Vegas Strip between Frank Sinatra Drive and New York-New York, the venue has been open since April 6,2016. Anschutz was one of the co-founders and one of the investors of Major League Soccer. In 1996, he became the investor/operator of the Colorado Rapids, the Rapids were then a subsidiary of the Anschutz Corporation
11.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
12.
Indoor arena
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An arena is an enclosed area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theater, musical performances, or sporting events. The word derives from Latin harena, a particularly fine/smooth sand used to absorb blood in ancient arenas such as the Colosseum in Rome and it is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators. The key feature of an arena is that the event space is the lowest point, arenas are usually designed to accommodate a large number of spectators. The term arena is used as a synonym for a very large venue such as Pasadenas Rose Bowl. The use of one term over the other has mostly to do with the type of event, the home of the Duke University mens and womens basketball teams would qualify as an arena, but the facility is called Cameron Indoor Stadium. Domed stadiums, which, like arenas, are enclosed but have the larger playing surfaces, such examples of these would be terms such as the arena of war or the arena of love or the political arena. In many fighting games, the stage that opponents are fought in is called an arena. Ice hockey arena Amphitheatre List of indoor arenas by capacity List of stadiums by capacity
13.
Wembley
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Wembley is an area of northwest London, England, and part of the London Borough of Brent. It is home to the Wembley Arena and Wembley Stadium, Wembley formed a separate civil parish from 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1937. In 1965, the merged with the Municipal Borough of Willesden to create the London Borough of Brent. Wembley is derived from the Old English proper name Wemba and the Old English Lea for meadow or clearing, the name was first mentioned in the charter of 825 of Selvin. The village of Wembley grew up on the hill by the clearing with the Harrow Road south of it, much of the surrounding area remained wooded. In 1547 there were but six houses in Wembley, though small, it was one of the wealthiest parts of Harrow. At the dissolution of the monasteries in 1543, the manor of Wembley fell to Richard Andrews and Leonard Chamberlayne, who sold it to Richard Page, Esq. of Harrow on the Hill, the same year. The Page family continued as lords of the manor of Wembley for several centuries, Wembley Park thus derived its name from Reptons habit of referring to the areas he designed as parks. There was a mill on Wembley Hill by 1673, in 1837, the London and Birmingham Railway was opened from London Euston through Wembley to Hemel Hempstead, and completed to Birmingham the following year. The changing names of the local station demonstrated the importance of the Wembley name. Sudbury station opened in 1845, renamed as Sudbury and Wembley in 1882, renamed as Wembley for Sudbury in 1910, renamed as Wembley Central in 1948, at the time of the Olympic Games. To modernise the service, a new Watford DC Line was built alongside the lines and Bakerloo line trains. Electric trains to London Euston began running in 1922, since 1917, there have been six platforms at what is now Wembley Central station. In 1880, the Metropolitan Railway opened its line from Baker Street through the side of Wembley. There are now three separate services, the London to Aylesbury Line, the Metropolitan line, and the Jubilee line. Only the latter two services have platforms at Wembley Park station, in November 1905, the Great Central Railway opened a new route for fast expresses that by-passed the congested Metropolitan Railway tracks. It ran between Neasden Junction, south of Wembley, and Northolt Junction, west of London, where a new joint main line with the Great Western Railway began. After a long planning and redevelopment process dogged by a series of funding problems and construction delays, Wembley Hill station was renamed Wembley Complex in May 1978, before getting its present name of Wembley Stadium in May 1987
14.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
15.
1934 British Empire Games
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The 1934 British Empire Games were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, held in England from 4–11 August 1934. The host city was London, with the venue at Wembley Park. Seventeen national teams took part, including the Irish Free State, the 1934 Games had originally been awarded to Johannesburg, South Africa, but were changed to London because of concerns about the way South Africa would treat black and Asian athletes. Womens events in athletics were held, the games had womens events only in swimming. All events were for men only, all events were for men only
16.
1948 Summer Olympics
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The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in London, England, United Kingdom. After a 12-year hiatus because of World War II, these were the first Summer Olympics since the 1936 Games in Berlin, the 1940 Games had been scheduled for Tokyo, and then for Helsinki, the 1944 Games had been provisionally planned for London. This was the occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games. The 1948 games were the first of two summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström, the event came to be known as the Austerity Games, because of the economic climate and post-war rationing. No new venues were built for the games, and athletes were housed in existing accommodation in the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village, as were the 1936 Games and the subsequent 1952 Games. A record 59 nations were represented by 4,104 athletes,3,714 men and 390 women, germany and Japan were refused permission to participate, the USSR was invited but chose not to send any athletes. The United States team won the most total medals,84, the host nation won 23 medals, three of them gold. One of the performers at the Games was Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen. Dubbed The Flying Housewife, the 30-year-old mother of two won four medals in athletics. In the decathlon, American Bob Mathias became the youngest male ever to win an Olympic gold medal at the age of 17, the most individual medals were won by Veikko Huhtanen of Finland who took three golds, a silver and a bronze in mens gymnastics. In June 1939, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 1944 Olympic Summer Games to London, ahead of Rome, Detroit, Budapest, Lausanne, Helsinki, Montreal, World War II stopped the plans and the Games were cancelled so London again stood as a candidate for 1948. Britain almost handed the 1948 games to the USA due to financial and rationing problems. The official report of the London Olympics shows that there was no case of London being pressed to run the Games against its will. As a result, a committee was set up by the British Olympic Council to work out in some detail the possibility of holding the Games. After several meetings they recommended to the council that the Lord Mayor of London should be invited to apply for the allocation of the Games in 1948. In March 1946 the IOC, through a vote, gave the summer Games to London. London was selected ahead of Baltimore, Minneapolis, Lausanne, Los Angeles, London, which had previously hosted the 1908 Summer Olympics, became the second city to host the Olympics twice, Paris hosted the event in 1900 and 1924. It became the first city to host the Olympics for the time when London hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics. E
17.
Wembley Park
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Wembley Park is a district of the London Borough of Brent, England. It is roughly centred on Bridge Road, northeast of Wembley proper and it is 7.6 miles northwest from Charing Cross. The name Wembley Park refers to the area that, at its broadest, more recently, it is used to describe the part of the estate which has served as a pleasure and events destination since the 1890s. It was a key area of the Metro-land development in the 1920s, Wembley Park is home to the Wembley complex, Wembley Stadium, Englands primary football stadium and a major sports and entertainment venue, as well as SSE Arena, a concert venue. The former British Empire Exhibition was held on the site, when the district was part of the historic Middlesex county, today the district boasts a large number of pubs along with new retail and housing developments near the stadium complex. The Chalkhill housing estate is located here. The east is home to large land, called Stadium Industrial Estate. The north is mostly suburban residential areas with the Barn Hill point and Fryent Country Park behind it. Wembley was in the parish of Harrow, and the manor of Wembley was a sub-manor of Harrow and it belonged to the Priory of Kilburn. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Priorys lands in Wembley, the Page family, successful local farmers, had already been leasing the land before the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Pages became one of the largest and richest families in Middlesex, during the first half of the 18th century, what is now Wembley Park consisted of agricultural land and a few farm buildings along the current Wembley Hill Road. One of these farms was called Wellers a large red brick house with a slate roof. Richard Page was the landowner and lord of the manor and he lived in Sudbury, west of Wembley. Around 1787, his son, also called Richard, had the ambition of converting Wellers into a country seat, in 1792 Richard Page decided to employ the famous landscape architect Humphry Repton to convert the farmland into wooded parkland and to make improvements to the house. Repton was clearly impressed by Pages property, wembly is as quiet and retired at seven miles distance as it could be at seventy. ”Later, writing to a friend in May 1793, Repton wrote of Wembley “on Wednesday I go to. A most beautiful spot near Harrow, I wish I could shew it to you. ”Repton often called the areas he landscaped parks, and so Wembley Park owes its name as well as its origins to Humphry Repton. The area landscaped by Repton was larger than the current Wembley Park and it included the southern slopes of Barn Hill to the north, where Repton planted trees and started building a prospect house – a gothic tower offering a view over the parkland. Repton may also have designed the lodge that survives on Wembley Hill Road
18.
Electronic music
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In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for instruments were composed. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds, Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers for the purpose of composing music, algorithmic composition was first demonstrated in Australia in 1951. In America and Europe, live electronics were pioneered in the early 1960s, during the 1970s to early 1980s, the monophonic Minimoog became once the most widely used synthesizer at that time in both popular and electronic art music. In the 1980s, electronic music became dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines. Electronically produced music became prevalent in the domain by the 1990s. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments and these initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments, while some were considered novelties and produced simple tones, the Telharmonium accurately synthesized the sound of orchestral instruments. It achieved viable public interest and made progress into streaming music through telephone networks. Critics of musical conventions at the time saw promise in these developments, ferruccio Busoni encouraged the composition of microtonal music allowed for by electronic instruments. He predicted the use of machines in future music, writing the influential Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, futurists such as Francesco Balilla Pratella and Luigi Russolo began composing music with acoustic noise to evoke the sound of machinery. They predicted expansions in timbre allowed for by electronics in the influential manifesto The Art of Noises, developments of the vacuum tube led to electronic instruments that were smaller, amplified, and more practical for performance. In particular, the theremin, ondes Martenot and trautonium were commercially produced by the early 1930s, from the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as Joseph Schillinger to adopt them
19.
Depeche Mode
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Depeche Mode /dᵻˌpɛʃˈmoʊd/ are an English electronic band that formed in 1980 in Basildon, Essex. The group consists of founders Dave Gahan, Martin Gore, Depeche Mode released their debut album Speak & Spell in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Original band member Vince Clarke, left the band after the release of the album, leaving the band as a trio to record A Broken Frame, released the following year. Gore took over the songwriting duties and, later in 1982, Alan Wilder officially joined the band to fill Clarkes spot. Depeche Mode have been a trio again since 1995, when Wilder left, the bands last albums of the 1980s, Black Celebration and Music for the Masses, established them as a dominant force on the mainstream electronic music scene. A highlight of this era was the concert at the Pasadena Rose Bowl. In the new decade, Depeche Mode released Violator, a mainstream success, now a trio once again, the band released Ultra in 1997, recorded at the height of Gahans near-fatal drug abuse, Gores alcoholism and seizures, and Fletchers depression. Depeche Mode have had 50 songs in the UK Singles Chart and thirteen top 10 albums in the UK chart, Q included the band in the list of the 50 Bands That Changed the World. Depeche Mode also rank number 98 on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Depeche Modes origins date to 1977, when schoolmates Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher formed a Cure-influenced band called No Romance In China, with Clarke on vocals and guitar and Fletcher on bass. Fletcher would later recall, Why am I in the band and it was accidental right from the beginning. I was actually forced to be in the band, I played the guitar and I had a bass, it was a question of them roping me in. In 1979, Clarke played guitar in an Ultravox rip-off band, in 1978–79, Martin Gore played guitar in an acoustic duo, Norman and the Worms, with school friend Phil Burdett on vocals. In 1979, Marlow, Gore and friend Paul Redmond formed a band called the French Look, with Marlow on vocals/keyboards, Gore on guitar and Redmond on keyboards. In March 1980, Clarke, Gore and Fletcher formed a band called Composition of Sound, with Clarke on vocals/guitar, Gore on keyboards and Fletcher on bass. Soon after the formation of Composition of Sound, Clarke heard Wirral band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, along with OMD, other early influences included the Human League, Daniel Miller and Fad Gadget. Clarke and Fletcher switched to synthesisers, working odd jobs in order to buy or borrow the instruments from friends. Dave Gahan joined the band in 1980 after Clarke heard him perform at a scout hut jam session, singing a rendition of David Bowies Heroes. When explaining the choice for the new name taken from a French fashion magazine, Dépêche mode, Gore said, I like the sound of that
20.
The O2
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Naming rights to the district were purchased by the mobile telephone provider O2 from its developers, Anschutz Entertainment Group, during the development of the district. AEG owns the long-term lease on the O2 Arena and surrounding leisure space, from the closure of the original Millennium Experience exhibition occupying the site, several possible ways of reusing the Millennium Domes shell were proposed and then rejected. The official renaming of the Dome in 2005 gave publicity to its transition into an entertainment district, the Domes shell itself remained in site, but its interior and the area around North Greenwich Station, the QE2 pier and the main entrance area were completely redeveloped. The area is served by North Greenwich tube station, which was opened just before the exhibition, on the Jubilee line. Thames Clippers operate a boat service for London River Services. As well as a service, Thames Clippers also operates the O2 Express service. Local bus services serve the station and the nearby O2. In popular usage, the canopy is often still called The Dome, reflecting the substantial. The O2 was developed inside the structure by Anschutz Entertainment Group to a design by Populous. In December 2001, it was announced that Meridian Delta, Ltd and it is also hoped to relocate some of Londons tertiary education establishments to the site. Meridian Delta is backed by the American billionaire Philip Anschutz, who has interests in oil, railways, the Dome site was then sub-leased to Anshutz Entertainment Group, who strongly support Meridian Delta, for a minimum of 58 years. English Partnerships leased the arena directly to AEG Europe for 58 years, AEG would develop and operate The O2 during the length of the lease agreements. The lease agreements were made in the agreement that the government would get a percentage of profits through English Partnerships. English Partnerships and Quintain Estates and Development both own land around The O2 on the Greenwich Peninsula and they will release land in stages, to developers, and develop the area in a joint venture with the aid of Meridian Delta. Some of the land is already being developed for offices and shops, ravensbourne, a specialist art and design institution previously located in Chislehurst, moved to a new campus built immediately adjacent to The O2 in September 2010. The David Beckham Academy football school ran nearby from 2005 to 2009, the cost of developing the whole Greenwich Peninsula area was estimated at 4 billion pounds in 2006. As part of the investment programme, naming rights were sold to O2 plc, the £6 million a year deal between O2 plc and AEG also included priority tickets and reserved VIP accommodation for O2 mobile customers. The service was made available to premium ticket holders
21.
SSE plc
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SSE plc is a British energy company headquartered in Perth, Scotland, United Kingdom. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, SSE operates in United Kingdom and Ireland. SSE is considered as one of the Big Six companies which dominate the market in the United Kingdom. The company has its origins in two public sector electricity supply authorities, the former Southern Electricity Board was created in 1948 to distribute electricity in Southern England. Because of its history and location, the Hydro-Electric Board was responsible for most of the UKs hydroelectric generating capacity, both authorities were privatised in 1990/91, initially retaining their pre-privatisation geographic and functional bases. The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board became Scottish Hydro-Electric, whilst the Southern Electricity Board became Southern Electric, Scottish and Southern Energy was formed in 1998 following a merger between Scottish Hydro-Electric and Southern Electric. In 2000, Scottish and Southern Energy acquired the SWALEC energy supply business, SWALEC operate exclusively in Wales while SSE operates in Scotland and England. In 2004 the Company acquired the Ferrybridge and Fiddlers Ferry Power Stations for £250million, in 2008 it went on to buy Airtricity Holdings, an Irish wind farm business. In 2009 it agreed to purchase Uskmouth power station from Welsh Power Group Limited, in January 2010, Scottish and Southern Energy changed the core company branding from Scottish and Southern Energy to SSE. The company is the second largest supplier of electricity and natural gas in the United Kingdom, and it incorporates the brands Airtricity, SWALEC, Southern Electric, Scottish Hydro Electric and Atlantic Electric and Gas. It also owns Southern Electric Power Distribution, Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution, grid connections are more difficult in North Scotland which receives funding from the rest of the UK to reduce tariffs. SSE also has an equity interest of 50% in, and provides corporate and management services to Scotia Gas Networks, SSE had 3, 326MW of renewable capacity by the end of March 2014, including its share of joint ventures. The portfolio comprised,1, 150MW conventional hydro, 940MW onshore wind, 544MW onshore wind, 355MW offshore wind, 300MW pumped storage at Loch Mhòr, in March 2014, SSE withdrew investment in four major offshore wind farms. It plans to sell its stake in the Galloper wind farm and pull investment from the Islay, Dogger Bank, SSE blamed limited subsidies and high costs. Nearly 20,000 staff across the UK are guaranteed to receive the living wage rate of at least £7.85 an hour, SSE works closely with the Living Wage Foundation and was awarded the Living Wage Champion Award for Scotland in 2014. The SSE Hydro is a located in Glasgow, Scotland, on the site of the Scottish Exhibition. The arena officially opened on 30 September 2013 and has a capacity of 13,000 and it was designed by the London-based architects Foster + Partners. The SSE Hydro hosts international musical stars, global entertainment and sporting events, the company also sponsors Wembley Arena in London and the SSE Arena, part of the Odyssey Complex in Belfast
22.
New Musical Express
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
23.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
24.
T. Rex (band)
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Rex were an English rock band, formed in 1967 by singer-songwriter and guitarist Marc Bolan. The band was initially called Tyrannosaurus Rex, and released four psychedelic folk albums under this name, in 1969, Bolan began to shift from the bands early acoustic sound to an electric one. The following year, he shortened their name to T. Rex, the 1970 release of the single Ride a White Swan marked the culmination of this development, and the group soon became a commercial success as part of the emerging glam rock scene. Rex encountered a popularity in the UK comparable to that of the Beatles, One of the most prominent acts in British popular culture, they scored four UK number one hits, Hot Love, Get It On, Telegram Sam and Metal Guru. The bands 1971 album Electric Warrior received critical acclaim as a glam rock album. It reached number 1 in the UK, the 1972 follow-up, The Slider, entered the top 20 in the US. Following the release of 20th Century Boy in 1973, which reached three in the UK, T. Rex began to experience less success but continued recording one album per year. In 1977, Bolan died in a car accident several months after releasing their studio album Dandy in the Underworld. Rex have continued to exert a vast influence on a variety of subsequent artists, Marc Bolan founded Tyrannosaurus Rex in August 1967, following a handful of failed solo singles and a brief career as lead guitarist in psych-rock band Johns Children. After a disastrous solitary performance as a four-piece at the Electric Garden in Londons Covent Garden, BBC Radio One Disc jockey John Peel championed the band early in their recording career. Peel later appeared on record with them, reading stories written by Bolan, another key collaborator was producer Tony Visconti, who went on to produce the bands albums well into their second, glam rock phase. The band became regulars on Peel Sessions on BBC radio, by 1969 there was a rift developing between the two halves of Tyrannosaurus Rex. Bolan and his girlfriend June Child were living a life, Bolan working on his book of poetry entitled The Warlock Of Love and concentrating on his songs. Took, however, had embraced the anti-commercial, drug-taking ethos of the UK Underground scene centred around Ladbroke Grove. Took was also attracted to anarchistic elements such as Mick Farren/Deviants and members of the Pink Fairies Rock n Roll, in response to Bolans rebuff, Took contributed two songs as well as vocals and percussion to Twinks Think Pink album. Bolans relationship with Took ended after this, although they were obliged to go through with a US tour which was doomed before it began. Poorly promoted and planned, the duo were overshadowed by the loud electric acts they were billed with
25.
Ringo Starr
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Richard Starkey, MBE, known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including With a Little Help from My Friends, Yellow Submarine and their cover of Act Naturally. He also wrote the Beatles songs Dont Pass Me By and Octopuss Garden, Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school. In 1955, he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer, soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze, developing a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he cofounded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, when the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, Starr played key roles in the Beatles films and appeared in numerous others. After the bands break-up in 1970, he released several singles including the US number four hit It Dont Come Easy. In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, Back Off Boogaloo and he achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US. He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows, since 1989, he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Ringos popularity brought forth a new paradigm and we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Starr, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988, was inducted for his solo career in 2015. Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940, at 9 Madryn Street, in Dingle and he is the only child of confectioners Elsie and Richard Starkey. Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of swing. Prior to the birth of their son, whom they nicknamed Ritchie, the couple had spent much of their time on the local ballroom circuit. Elsie adopted an approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, Big Ritchie, as Starkeys father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend hours drinking and dancing in pubs
26.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
27.
Cliff Richard
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Sir Cliff Richard OBE is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor and philanthropist. Richard has sold more than 250 million records worldwide and he has total sales of over 21 million singles in the United Kingdom and is the third-top-selling artist in UK Singles Chart history, behind the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Richard was originally positioned as a rock and roll singer in the style of Little Richard. With his backing group, The Shadows, Richard dominated the British popular music scene in the period of the late 1950s to early 1960s. Increased focus on his Christian faith and subsequent softening of his music later led to a middle of the road pop image. He has had more than 130 singles, albums and EPs make the UK Top 20, Richard has had 67 UK top ten singles, the second highest total for an artist behind Elvis Presley. Richard holds the record as the act to make the UK singles charts in all of its first six decades. He has achieved 14 UK No.1 singles, and is the singer to have had a No.1 single in the UK in five consecutive decades. Richard has never achieved the same impact in the United States despite eight US Top 40 singles, including the million-selling Devil Woman and We Dont Talk Anymore. He has remained a music, film, and television personality in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Northern Europe and Asia. Richard has been a resident in the United Kingdom for most of his life and he divides his time between living in Barbados and Portugal. Harry Rodger Webb was born in India at King Georges Hospital, Victoria Street, in Lucknow and his parents were Rodger Oscar Webb, a manager for a catering contractor that serviced the Indian Railways, and the former Dorothy Marie Dazely. Richard is primarily of English heritage, but he has one great-grandmother who was of half Welsh and half Spanish descent, the Webb family lived in a modest home in Maqbara, near the main shopping centre of Hazratganj. Dorothys mother served as the matron at the La Martiniere Girls School. In 1948, following Indian independence, the family embarked on a sea voyage to Tilbury, Essex. The Webbs moved from comparative wealth in India, where lived in a company-supplied flat at Howrah near Calcutta. Harry Webb attended a primary school, Stanley Park Juniors. He then attended Cheshunt Secondary Modern School from 1952 to 1957, as a member of the top stream, he stayed on beyond the minimum leaving age to take GCE Ordinary Level examinations and gained a pass in English literature
28.
The Shadows
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The group, who were in the forefront of the UK beat-group boom, were the first backing band to emerge as stars. As pioneers of the instrumental format, the band consisted of lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar. Their range covers pop, rock, surf rock and ballads with a jazz influence, the core members are Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch and Brian Bennett. The sound was produced by Fender and Burns guitars, amplifiers by Vox and echo units Meazzi Echomatic tape, the Shadows, with Cliff Richard, dominated British popular music in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the years before the Beatles. Although they lost ground in the late 60s, the band had a success from the late 70s. The Shadows are the third most successful act in the UK singles chart, behind Elvis Presley, the Shadows and Cliff Richard & the Shadows each have had four No.1 selling EPs. The Shadows, although originally the band for Richard, were later an instrumental combo, following their success with the Jerry Lordan composition. The Shadows disbanded in 1968 but Marvin and Welch formed a trio with John Farrar, as Marvin. Because of low sales and fans demanding Shadows numbers at gigs, the group disbanded in 1990 but reformed in 2004–05 for a UK and continental European tour and again during 2009–10 to tour and release an album with a 50th anniversary reunion with Richard. Samwell wrote the first hit, Move It, often attributed to Cliff Richard. Initially, Norrie Paramor wanted to record using only studio musicians but after persuasion he allowed Smart, two session players, guitarist Ernie Shear and bassist Frank Clark, played on the Move It/Schoolboy Crush single on Paramors insistence to ensure a strong sound. In his memoirs Welch regrets that he and Marvin could not be at the start of making history with Move It, the Drifters signed for Jack Goods Oh Boy. television series. Paramor of EMI signed Richard, and asked Johnny Foster to recruit a better guitarist, Foster went to Sohos 2is coffee bar, known for musical talent performing there, particularly in skiffle, in search of guitarist Tony Sheridan. Sheridan was not there but Fosters attention was caught by another musician, in spring the same year, the US Drifters threatened legal action after the release and immediate withdrawal of Feelin Fine in the US. The second single, Jet Black, was released in the US as the Four Jets to avoid further legal aggravation, the name the Shadows was invented by Harris while he and Marvin were at the Six Bells pub in Ruislip in July 1959. When Hank Marvin and Jet Harris took off on their scooters up to the Six Bells pub at Ruislip, Jet hit upon a name straight away. So we became the Shadows for the first time on Cliffs sixth single Travellin Light, in 1960, Apache, an instrumental by Jerry Lordan, topped the charts for five weeks. Further hits followed, notably Wonderful Land, another Lordan composition with orchestral backing, kon Tiki six months earlier had also reached number one
29.
The Monkees
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The Monkees are an American rock band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed. They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series The Monkees, the musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British actor and singer Davy Jones. The bands music was supervised by producer Don Kirshner. Dolenz described the Monkees as initially being a TV show about an imaginary band and that wanted to be The Beatles, that was never successful. The actor-musicians, however, soon became a real band, for the first few months of their initial five-year career as The Monkees, the four actor-musicians were allowed only limited roles in the recording studio. This was due in part to the amount of required to film the television series. Nonetheless, Nesmith did compose and produce some songs from the beginning and they eventually fought for and earned the right to collectively supervise all musical output under the bands name. The sitcom was canceled in 1968, but the continued to record music through 1971. A revival of interest in the show came in 1986. Up until 2011 the group had reunited and toured several times, despite the sudden death of Davy Jones on February 29,2012, the surviving members reunited for a tour in November–December 2012 and again in 2013 for a 24-date tour. Nesmith was able to some time up to join them in the latter stages of the US tour. The Monkees have sold more than 75 million records worldwide and had hits, including Last Train to Clarksville, Pleasant Valley Sunday, Daydream Believer. At their peak in 1967, the band outsold the Beatles, aspiring filmmaker Bob Rafelson developed the initial idea for The Monkees in 1962, but was unsuccessful in selling the series. He had tried selling it to Revue, the division of Universal Pictures. In May 1964, while working at Screen Gems, Rafelson teamed up with Bert Schneider, whose father, Abraham Schneider, headed the Colpix Television, Rafelson and Schneider ultimately formed Raybert Productions. The Beatles film A Hard Days Night inspired Rafelson and Schneider to revive Rafelsons idea for The Monkees, as The Raybert Producers, they sold the show to Screen Gems Television on April 16,1965. Rafelson and Schneiders original idea was to cast an existing New York folk rock group, the Lovin Spoonful, however, John Sebastian had already signed the band to a record contract, which would have denied Screen Gems the right to market music from the show. Jones had previously starred as the Artful Dodger in the Broadway show Oliver, which debuted on December 17,1962, and his performance was later seen on The Ed Sullivan Show the same night as the Beatles first appearance on that show, February 9,1964
30.
The Hollies
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The Hollies are an English pop/rock group, best known for their pioneering and distinctive three-part vocal harmony style. The Hollies became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s and it was formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash in 1962 as a Merseybeat type music group in Manchester, although some of the band members came from towns north of there. Graham Nash left the group in 1968 to form the supergroup Crosby and they enjoyed considerable popularity in many countries, although they did not achieve major US chart success until 1966 with Bus Stop. They are one of the few British pop groups of the early 1960s, along with The Rolling Stones and The Who, in recognition of their achievements, The Hollies were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. The Hollies originated as a duo formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash, eventually Clarke and Nash became a vocal and guitar duo modelled on The Everly Brothers under the names Ricky and Dane Young. Under this name, they teamed up with a band, the Fourtones, consisting of Pete Bocking, John Butch Mepham, Keith Bates. The Deltas first called themselves The Hollies for a December 1962 gig at the Oasis Club in Manchester, in 2009, Nash wrote, We called ourselves The Hollies, after Buddy and Christmas. Richards offered them an audition with Parlophone, but Steele did not want to be a professional musician and their second single, another cover of The Coasters, this time 1957s Searchin, hit No.12. They then scored their first British Top 10 hit in early 1964 with a cover of Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs Stay, which reached No.8 in the UK. It was lifted from the bands Parlophone debut album, Stay with the Hollies, released on 1 January 1964, a version of the album was released in the US as Here I Go Again, on the Hollies US label of the time, Imperial. The Hollies became known for doing cover versions, and they followed up with Just One Look, the hits continued with Here I Go Again. Like their Parlophone labelmates the Beatles, the Hollies albums released in North America would remain very different from their UK counterparts and this was followed by two more cover versions, Yes I Will, and finally the Clint Ballard, Jr. -penned Im Alive. Their second album, In The Hollies Style, did not chart and none of its tracks were released in the US, finally, The Hollies broke through in North America with an original song that they requested from Manchesters Graham Gouldman. Look Through Any Window broke the Hollies into the US Top 40 and into the Canadian top 10 and their third album, simply called Hollies, hit No.8 in the UK in 1965, but failed to chart in the US under the name Hear. Despite its inclusion of Look Through Any Window and Im Alive, the Hollies then returned to the UK Top 10 with I Cant Let Go, their fourth album, Would You Believe. Which included the hit, made it to No.16 in 1966, released in the US as Beat Group. It also failed to crack the US top 100, at this point, a dispute between The Hollies and their management broke out over what bass guitarist Eric Haydock contended were excessive fees being charged to the group by management. As a result, Haydock decided to take a leave of absence from the group, Calvert also played a tour of Yugoslavia with the band in May 1966
31.
Dusty Springfield
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Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette OBrien, OBE, better known as Dusty Springfield, was an English pop singer and record producer whose career extended from the late 1950s to the 1990s. She is a member of the US Rock and Roll and UK Music Halls of Fame, international polls have named Springfield among the best female rock artists of all time. Her image, supported by a peroxide blonde bouffant hairstyle, evening gowns, born in West Hampstead to a family that enjoyed music, Springfield learned to sing at home. In 1958 she joined her first professional group, The Lana Sisters and her solo career began in 1963 with the upbeat pop hit, I Only Want to Be with You. Among the hits that followed were Wishin and Hopin , I Just Dont Know What to Do with Myself, You Dont Have to Say You Love Me, and Son of a Preacher Man. Although she was never considered a Northern Soul artist in her own right and she was the first UK singer to top the New Musical Express readers poll for Female Singer. To boost her credibility as a soul artist, Springfield went to Memphis, Tennessee, to record Dusty in Memphis, an album of pop and soul music with the Atlantic Records main production team. Released in 1969, it has ranked among the greatest albums of all time by the US magazine Rolling Stone and in polls by VH1 artists, New Musical Express readers. The album was awarded a spot in the Grammy Hall of Fame. Despite its current recognition, the album did not sell well and after its release, however, in collaboration with Pet Shop Boys, she returned to the Top 10 of the UK and US charts in 1987 with What Have I Done to Deserve This. Two years later, she had two other UK hits on her own with Nothing Has Been Proved and In Private, subsequently, in the mid-1990s, owing to the inclusion of Son of a Preacher Man on the Pulp Fiction soundtrack, interest in her early output was revived. Springfield was born Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette OBrien on 16 April 1939 in West Hampstead and her older brother, Dionysius P. A. OBrien, was later known as Tom Springfield. Springfields father, who had raised in British India, worked as a tax accountant and consultant. Her mother came from an Irish family, originally from Tralee, County Kerry, Springfield was brought up in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire until the early 1950s, and later lived in Ealing. She attended St Annes Convent School, Northfields, a traditional all-girl school, Springfield and her brother were both prone to food-throwing as adults. She was given the nickname Dusty for playing football with boys in the street, Springfield was raised in a music-loving family. Her father would tap out rhythms on the back of her hand and she listened to a wide range of music, including George Gershwin, Rodgers and Hart, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Cole Porter, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, and Glenn Miller. A fan of American jazz and the vocalists Peggy Lee and Jo Stafford, at the age of twelve, she made a recording of herself performing the Irving Berlin song When the Midnight Choo Choo Leaves for Alabam at a local record shop in Ealing
32.
Joe Brown (singer)
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Joseph Roger Joe Brown, MBE is an English entertainer. He has worked as a rock and roll singer and guitarist for more than five decades and he was a stage and television performer in the late 1950s and a UK recording star in the early 1960s. He has made six films, presented specialist radio series for BBC Radio 2, in recent years he has again concentrated on recording and performing music, playing two tours of around 100 shows every year and releasing an album almost every year. Described by the Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums, as a chirpy Cockney, Brown was one of the artists managed by the early rock impresario. He is highly regarded in the business as a musicians musician who commands respect. Brown was born in Swarby, Lincolnshire and his family moved to London when he was two and ran the Sultan public house in Grange Road, Plaistow, then in Essex, now part of the London Borough of Newham. In 1956, Brown formed The Spacemen skiffle group, which lasted until the movement faded towards the end of the 1950s. He worked for British Railways at their Plaistow Locomotive works for two years in the late 1950s, becoming a steam locomotive fireman and he left the job because the smell of the diesels drove me out when they took over from steam. In 1958 Brown was spotted by television producer Jack Good who hired him as lead guitarist in the orchestra of his new TV series, during this period he backed a number of U. S musicians such as Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran on their UK tours. Brown signed a management agreement with Larry Parnes and signed to Decca Records. He charted with The Darktown Strutters Ball in 1960 and had UK Top 10 hits on the Piccadilly label in 1962–63 with A Picture of You, It Only Took A Minute, piccadillys release of Browns Crazy Mixed Up Kid in April 1961 was the labels first single. Browns recording band was a collection of musicians, and was named the Bruvvers by Jack Good to give Brown the identity of having his own backing band for record releases. Brown was voted Top UK Vocal Personality in the 1962 NME magazine poll, during the 1960s Brown appeared in a number of films, pantomime and stage musicals. He also made an appearance as himself in the 1964 film The Beauty Jungle. This eclectic collection of styles, together with his hits. George Harrison was best man at Browns second marriage in 2000, Brown had appeared on two songs on Harrisons album Gone Troppo, and also featured on a track on Harrisons last album, Brown still performs and makes occasional television appearances. His album More of the Truth was released in the UK on 13 October 2008, at the Mojo magazines awards in London on 11 June 2009, Brown was presented with the lifetime award for outstanding contribution to music after 51 years recording. Mojos album, Harrison Covered, to mark the tenth anniversarys of George Harrisons death, Brown pulled out of the Village Pump Folk Festival for medical reasons
33.
The Rolling Stones
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The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since, following Wymans departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins, Billy Preston, the band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the bands songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as The Worlds Greatest Rock, the band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls and Tattoo You, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split, however, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on projects and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well-received, despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, Bridges to Babylon Tour, Licks Tour and A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums,18 live albums and numerous compilations, Let It Bleed was their first of five consecutive number one studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers was the first of eight number one studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart, in 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform two of Dartford railway station, the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership
34.
Pink Floyd
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Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music, Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals. Guitarist David Gilmour joined in December 1967, Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and conceptual leader, devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, The Wall. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the albums of all time. Following creative tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985, Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, Wright rejoined them as a session musician and, later, a band member. The three produced two more albums—A Momentary Lapse of Reason and The Division Bell —and toured through 1994, Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The final Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River, was recorded without Waters, Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, the band had more than 250 million records worldwide. Roger Waters met Nick Mason while they were both studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street and they first played music together in a group formed by Keith Noble and Clive Metcalfe with Nobles sister Sheilagh. Richard Wright, an architecture student, joined later that year. Waters played lead guitar, Mason drums, and Wright rhythm guitar, the band performed at private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of the Regent Street Polytechnic. They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, Mason moved out after the 1964 academic year, and guitarist Bob Klose moved in during September 1964, prompting Waters switch to bass. Sigma 6 went through several names, including the Meggadeaths, the Abdabs and the Screaming Abdabs, Leonards Lodgers, in 1964, as Metcalfe and Noble left to form their own band, guitarist Syd Barrett joined Klose and Waters at Stanhope Gardens. Barrett, two younger, had moved to London in 1962 to study at the Camberwell College of Arts. Waters and Barrett were childhood friends, Waters had often visited Barrett, Noble and Metcalfe left the Tea Set in late 1963, and Klose introduced the band to singer Chris Dennis, a technician with the Royal Air Force. In December 1964, they secured their first recording time, at a studio in West Hampstead, through one of Wrights friends, Wright, who was taking a break from his studies, did not participate in the session. When the RAF assigned Dennis a post in Bahrain in early 1965, later that year, they became the resident band at the Countdown Club near Kensington High Street in London, where from late night until early morning they played three sets of 90 minutes each
35.
Eagles (band)
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The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, and Randy Meisner. With five number-one singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six number one albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and their Greatest Hits was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U. S. They are the music act and the highest-selling American band in U. S. history. The band released their album, Eagles, in 1972. Their next album, Desperado, was successful than the first, only reaching number 41 on the charts. However, the album does contain what would go on to be two of the bands most popular tracks, Desperado and Tequila Sunrise, the band released On the Border in 1974, adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album. The album generated two top 40 singles, Already Gone and their first number one, Best of My Love. Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles, One of These Nights, Lyin Eyes, and Take It to the Limit, guitarist and vocalist, Joe Walsh, also joined the band in 1975. The album yielded two singles, New Kid in Town and Hotel California. The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over and they toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2007, the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden, their first full album in 28 years. The next year launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album. In 2013, they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the bands documentary release, following the death of Frey in January 2016, Henley stated in several interviews that he didnt think the band would perform again. However, in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017, the Eagles began in early 1971, when Linda Ronstadt and then-manager John Boylan recruited local musicians Glenn Frey and Don Henley for her band. While on the tour, Frey and Henley decided to form a band together, Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band, and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together. They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board and these four played live together behind Ronstadt only once for a July concert at Disneyland, but all four appeared on her eponymous album. It was later proposed that J. D. Souther should join the band, the four were signed in September 1971 to Asylum Records, the new label started by David Geffen, who was introduced to Frey by Jackson Browne
36.
Hotel California
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Hotel California is the title track from the Eagles album of the same name and was released as a single in February 1977. Writing credits for the song are shared by Don Felder, Don Henley, the Eagles original recording of the song features Henley singing the lead vocals and concludes with an extended section of electric guitar interplay between Felder and Joe Walsh. The song is considered the most famous recording of the band, the song was awarded the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1978. The lyrics of the song have been various interpretations by fans and critics alike. In the 2013 documentary History of the Eagles, Henley said that the song was about a journey from innocence to experience, the melody of the song was composed by Don Felder in a rented house on Malibu Beach. The demos he made were always instrumental, and on every project he would submit 15 or 16 ideas. Frey and Henley were both interested in the tune after hearing the demo, and discussed the concept for the lyrics, in 2008, Felder described the writing of the lyrics, Don Henley and Glenn wrote most of the words. All of us kind of drove into L. A. at night, nobody was from California, and if you drive into L. A. at night. You can just see this glow on the horizon of lights, and the images that start running through your head of Hollywood and all the dreams that you have, what we started writing the song about. Henley decided on the theme of Hotel California, noting how The Beverly Hills Hotel had become a literal, Henley said of their personal and professional experience in LA, We were getting an extensive education, in life, in love, in business. Beverly Hills was still a place to us. In that sense it became something of a symbol, and the Hotel the locus of all that LA had come to mean for us, in a sentence, Id sum it up as the end of the innocence, round one. We wanted to write a song just like it was a movie, Frey described the song in an interview with NBCs Bob Costas as a cinematic montage just one shot to the next. A picture of a guy on the highway, a picture of the hotel, the guy walks in, Frey continued, We decided to create something strange, just to see if we could do it. Henley then wrote most of the based on Freys idea. The Eagles recorded the track with Don Henley on lead vocal three different times, twice at the Record Plant in Los Angeles and finally at the Criteria Studios in Miami, the second recording however was judged too fast. In Miami, the band fine-tuned the instrumentation and the lyrics, recorded several takes, according to the producer Bill Szymczyk, there were 33 edits on the two‑inch master. The final section features a battle between Joe Walsh and Felder, which took the two of them sitting together working for around three days to achieve the necessary precision
37.
Grateful Dead
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The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto, California. Their music, writes Lenny Kaye, touches on ground that most other groups dont even know exists and these various influences were distilled into a diverse and psychedelic whole that made the Grateful Dead the pioneering Godfathers of the jam band world. The band was ranked 57th by Rolling Stone magazine in its The Greatest Artists of All Time issue, the Grateful Dead have sold more than 35 million albums worldwide. The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s, the founding members were Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Ron Pigpen McKernan, Phil Lesh, and Bill Kreutzmann. Members of the Grateful Dead had played together in various San Francisco bands, including Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions, Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they became the Grateful Dead, he replaced Dana Morgan Jr. who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and nonperforming lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967, with the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten, John Perry Barlow, Keith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland, pianist Bruce Hornsby was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as guesting with the band on occasion before and after the tours. After the death of Jerry Garcia in 1995, former members of the band, along with musicians, toured as the Other Ones in 1998,2000, and 2002, and the Dead in 2003,2004. In 2015, the four surviving core members marked the bands 50th anniversary in a series of concerts that were billed as their last performances together. There have also been several spin-offs featuring one or more members, such as Dead & Company, Furthur, the Rhythm Devils, Phil Lesh & Friends, RatDog. The Grateful Dead began their career as the Warlocks, a group formed in early 1965 from the remnants of a Palo Alto, the bands first show was at Magoos Pizza located at 639 Santa Cruz Avenue in suburban Menlo Park, California, on May 5,1965. They were initially known as the Warlocks, coincidentally, the Velvet Underground was also using that name on the East Coast, the show was not recorded but the set list has been preserved. Gigging as a bar band, the group changed its name after finding out that another band of the same name had signed a recording contract. The first show under the new name Grateful Dead was in San Jose, California on December 4,1965, at one of Ken Keseys Acid Tests. Earlier demo tapes have survived, but the first of over 2,000 concerts known to have recorded by the bands fans was a show at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco on January 8,1966. Later that month, the Grateful Dead played at the Trips Festival, the name Grateful Dead was chosen from a dictionary. According to Phil Lesh, in his autobiography, picked up an old Britannica World Language Dictionary. In that silvery elf-voice he said to me, Hey, man, the definition there was the soul of a dead person, or his angel, showing gratitude to someone who, as an act of charity, arranged their burial
38.
Status Quo (band)
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Status Quo are an English rock band known for their brand of boogie rock. The group originated in The Spectres, founded by schoolboys Francis Rossi, after a number of lineup changes, which included the introduction of Rick Parfitt in 1967, the band became The Status Quo in 1967 and Status Quo in 1969. They have had over 60 chart hits in the UK, more than any rock band, including Pictures of Matchstick Men in 1968, Whatever You Want in 1979. Twenty-two of these reached the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart, in July 1985 the band opened Live Aid at Wembley Stadium with Rockin All Over the World. In 1991, Status Quo received a Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, Status Quo starred in their first feature film, Bula Quo. which was released to cinemas in July 2013. The film coincided with the release of the soundtrack album Bula Quo. which peaked at number 10 in the UK Albums Chart, the first single from the album, Bula Bula Quo was released in June 2013, and is Status Quos one hundredth single release. Status Quo was formed in 1962 under the name The Scorpions by Francis Rossi and Alan Lancaster at Sedgehill Comprehensive School, Catford, along with classmates Jess Jaworski, Rossi and Lancaster played their first gig at the Samuel Jones Sports Club in Dulwich, London. In 1963, Key was replaced by John Coghlan and the changed name to The Spectres. In 1965, when Rossi, Lancaster, and Jaworski had reached the end of their education, Jaworski opted to leave the band. They began writing their own material and later that year met Rick Parfitt who was playing with a band called The Highlights. By the end of 1965, Rossi and Parfitt, who had close friends. On 18 July 1966, The Spectres signed a deal with Piccadilly Records. All three singles failed to make an impact on the charts, the band secured an appearance on BBC Radios Saturday Club, but in June their next single, Almost But Not Quite There, underperformed. The following month saw Parfitt, at the request of manager Pat Barlow, shortly after Parfitts recruitment, in August 1967, the band officially became Status Quo. In January 1968 released the psychedelic-flavoured Pictures of Matchstick Men, although Status Quos albums have been released in the United States throughout their career, they never achieved the same level of success as they have in their home country. Though the follow-up was the single, Black Veils of Melancholy, they had a hit again the same year with a pop song penned by Marty Wilde, Ice in the Sun. After the breakthrough, the management hired Bob Young as a roadie. Over the years Young became one of the most important songwriting partners for Status Quo, in addition to playing harmonica with them on stage, Lynes left the band in 1970 and was replaced in the studio by guests including keyboard player Jimmy Horowitz and Tom Parker
39.
The Who
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The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows. The Who developed from a group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars. Their first single as the Who, I Cant Explain, reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including My Generation, Substitute and Happy Jack. In 1967, they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single I Can See for Miles, the groups fourth album, 1969s rock opera Tommy, included the single Pinball Wizard and was a critical and commercial success. Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival, along with the live album Live at Leeds, with their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend, and the follow-up to Tommy, Lifehouse, was abandoned. Songs from the project made up 1971s Whos Next, which included the hit Wont Get Fooled Again, the group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975. They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976, the release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after. Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity, releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia, after Townshend became weary of touring, the group split in 1982. The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985, a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and they resumed regular touring in 1999, with drummer Zak Starkey. After Entwistles death in 2002, plans for a new album were delayed, Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who, releasing Endless Wire in 2006, and continued to play live regularly. They are cited as an influence by rock, punk rock and mod bands. The founding members of the Who, Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend and John Entwistle, grew up in Acton, London and went to Acton County Grammar School. Townshend and Entwistle became friends in their year of Acton County. Both were interested in rock, and Townshend particularly admired Cliff Richards début single, Entwistle moved to guitar, but struggled with it due to his large fingers, and moved to bass on hearing the guitar work of Duane Eddy. He was unable to afford a bass and built one at home, after Acton County, Townshend attended Ealing Art College, a move he later described as profoundly influential on the course of the Who. Daltrey, who was in the year above, had moved to Acton from Shepherds Bush and he had trouble fitting in at the school, and discovered gangs and rock and roll
40.
Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich
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Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich were a British pop/rock group of the 1960s. Two of their releases sold in excess of one million copies each. They soon gave up their jobs to make their living from music, apart from performing in the UK, they also occasionally played in Hamburg and in Cologne. Ward-Davies had acquired his nickname when he unwrapped a chocolate bar before absent-mindedly discarding the bar, vocalist Dave Dee, the ex-policeman, was at the scene of the motoring accident that took the life of the American rock and roller Eddie Cochran and injured Gene Vincent in April 1960. In summer 1964, the British songwriters Ken Howard and Alan Blaikley became interested in recording them, the band was set up in the studio to make recordings with Joe Meek. These recording sessions failed to get off the ground as an interview with Dave Dee stated that Meek had very strange recording techniques and he wanted us to play the song at half speed and then he would speed it up and put all these little tricks on it. We said we couldnt do it that way and he exploded, threw coffee all over the studio and stormed up to his room. His assistant came in and said, Mr Meek will not be doing any more recording today and we lugged all our gear out and went back home. While these recording sessions proved unsuccessful they eventually gained a contract with Fontana Records. The distinctive name, coupled with well produced and catchy songs by Howard and Blaikley, quickly caught the UK publics imagination and they also scored a Number One hit in the UK Singles Chart in 1968 with The Legend of Xanadu. The combined sales figures were in excess of one million copies and their other top 10 UK hits included Hideaway, Hold Tight. Zabadak. and Last Night in Soho, bend It. was a big hit in Europe, including a Number One in Germany. To obtain a sound on the recording, an electrified mandolin was used. The song was inspired by music from the sound track of Zorba The Greek. The combined UK and European sales were over one million, however, in October 1966, the British music magazine NME commented that dozens of US radio stations had banned the record, because the lyrics were considered too suggestive. The group responded by recording a new version in London with a different set of words, the band were big sellers elsewhere in the world, particularly in British Commonwealth countries. In New Zealand, the group had three number one hits, and 7 other songs reached the top 10, in Australia, they reached the top 10 with Hold Tight. Zabadak. and The Legend of Xanadu, in Canada, the band scored two top 10 hits with Zabadak. and The Legend of Xanadu, and hit the top 30 with Break Out—a song that didnt chart in any other country
41.
Roger Moore
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Sir Roger George Moore KBE is an English actor. He is best known for playing the British secret agent James Bond in seven films between 1973 and 1985 and Simon Templar in The Saint between 1962 and 1969. Roger Moore was born on 14 October 1927 in Stockwell, London and he is the only child of Lillian Lily, a housewife, and George Alfred Moore, a policeman. His mother was born in Calcutta, India, of English origin and he attended Battersea Grammar School, but was evacuated to Holsworthy, Devon, during World War II. He was then educated at Dr Challoners Grammar School in Amersham and he then attended the College of the Venerable Bede at the University of Durham, but did not graduate. At 18, shortly after the end of World War II, on 21 September 1946, he was commissioned into the Royal Army Service Corps as a second lieutenant. He was given the service number 372394 and he eventually became a captain, commanding a small depot in West Germany. He later looked after entertainers for the forces passing through Hamburg. At RADA, Moore was a classmate of his future Bond costar Lois Maxwell, Moore chose to leave RADA after six months in order to seek paid employment as an actor. His film idol was Stewart Granger, at the age of 17, Moore appeared as an extra in the film Caesar and Cleopatra, meeting his idol on the set. Later Moore and Granger were both in The Wild Geese, though they had no scenes together, other actors in that show included Clive Morton and Betty Ann Davies. Although Moore signed a contract with MGM in 1954, the films that followed were not successes and, in his own words. He appeared in Interrupted Melody—billed third under Glenn Ford and Eleanor Parker—a biographical movie about an opera singers recovery from polio and that same year, he played a supporting role in The Kings Thief starring Ann Blyth, Edmund Purdom, David Niven and George Sanders. In the 1956 film Diane, Moore was billed again, this time under Lana Turner and Pedro Armendariz in a 16th-century period piece set in France with Moore playing Prince Henri. Moore was released from his MGM contract after two years following the critical and commercial failure of Diane. After that, he spent a few years mainly doing one-shot parts in television series and he signed another long-term contract to a studio, this time to Warner Bros. His starring role in The Miracle, a version of the play Das Mirakel for Warner Bros. showcasing Carroll Baker as a nun, had turned down by Dirk Bogarde. Eventually, Moore made his name in television, shot mainly in England at Elstree Studios and Buckinghamshire, some of the show was also filmed in California due to a partnership with Columbia Studios Screen Gems
42.
Roy Orbison
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Roy Kelton Orbison, nicknamed the Big O, was an American singer-songwriter and musician, known for his distinctive, impassioned voice, complex compositions and dark emotional ballads. The combination led many critics to describe his music as operatic, between 1960 and 1964,22 of his songs placed on the Billboard Top 40, including Only the Lonely, Crying, and Oh, Pretty Woman. Orbison grew up in Texas and began singing in a rockabilly and country and he was signed by Sun Records in 1956, but his greatest success came with Monument Records in the early 1960s. His career stagnated in the 1970s, but was revived by several versions of his songs. In 1988, he was a member of the Traveling Wilburys supergroup, along with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty and he recorded his last solo album, Mystery Girl, the same year but died of a heart attack shortly thereafter. While most male rock and roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbisons songs instead conveyed a quiet, almost desperate and his voice ranged from baritone to tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range. During performances, he was known for standing still and solitary, and for wearing black clothes and dark sunglasses, which lent an air of mystery to his persona. His honors include inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in the year. Rolling Stone placed him at number 37 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time, in 2002, Billboard magazine listed Orbison at number 74 in the Top 600 recording artists. Roy Kelton Orbison was born in Vernon, Texas, the son of Orbie Lee Orbison, an oil well driller and car mechanic, and Nadine Vesta Shults. Both of his parents were unemployed during the Great Depression and, searching for work, moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas and he attended Denver Avenue Elementary School until a polio scare prompted the family to return to Vernon. Later, they moved to Wink, Texas, Orbison later described life in Wink as football, oil fields, oil, grease and sand and expressed relief that he was able to leave the desolate town. All the Orbison children were afflicted with poor eyesight, Roy used thick corrective lenses from an early age and he was not confident about his appearance and began dyeing his nearly-white hair black when he was still young. He was quiet and self-effacing, remarkably polite and obliging — a product, biographer Alan Clayson wrote and he was readily available to sing, however, and often became the focus of attention when he did. He considered his voice memorable, if not great, on Roys sixth birthday, his father gave him a guitar. He later recalled that by the age of seven, I was finished, you know, for anything else and his major musical influence as a youth was country music. He was particularly moved by Lefty Frizzells singing, with its slurred syllables and he also enjoyed Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers. One of the first musicians he heard in person was Ernest Tubb, in West Texas, he was exposed to many forms of music, sepia, Tex-Mex, the orchestral arrangements of Mantovani and cajun
43.
Europe '72: The Complete Recordings
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Europe 72, The Complete Recordings is a box set of live recordings by the rock band the Grateful Dead. Billed as a box set, it contains all of the bands spring 1972 concert tour of Europe —22 complete shows. It was released on September 1,2011, all 22 concerts from Europe 72, The Complete Recordings were also produced as individual albums, most of them on three or four CDs. They were released in order, in four batches, from October to December 2011. Each of the album covers features artwork by Scott McDougall, inspired by the front and back cover art that was created by Stanley Mouse. The CDs for the album were created by remixing the original 16-track analog tapes, the set was mastered in HDCD format. This provides enhanced sound quality when played on CD players with HDCD capability, the collection was first announced on January 19,2011 and was described as consisting of over 60 CDs, the final CD count was 73. The first 3,000 of these sets are personalized with a name of the buyers choice, the demand was much greater than anticipated, and all 7,200 sets were sold online within four days. Four previous live albums were taken from the bands 1972 European tour, Europe 72 was released in 1972 as a triple LP, and later rereleased as double CD, and has vocal tracks that were overdubbed in the recording studio. Hundred Year Hall is a two-disc CD taken from the April 26 concert in Frankfurt, steppin Out with the Grateful Dead, England 72 is a four-disc CD of selections from various concerts in England. And Rockin the Rhein with the Grateful Dead, on three discs, contains the concert from April 24 in Düsseldorf. In addition, a new collection, Europe 72 Volume 2, released in September 2011, none of the songs on this album were included in Europe 72. Goode –4,18 Notes Album released November 1,2011 Length 79,22 Bertha –6,06 Playing in the Band –9,58 Mr
44.
Bruce Hornsby
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Bruce Randall Hornsby is an American singer and keyboardist. Hornsby draws frequently from classical, jazz, bluegrass, folk, Motown, gospel, rock, blues and he also collaborated with Grateful Dead and was an unofficial member of the band from September 1990 to March 1992, playing over 100 shows during that period. Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby, an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician and he graduated from James Blair High School in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1973, where he played on the basketball team. He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music, the band, which is listed in Skeleton Key, A Dictionary for Deadheads, performed covers of Allman Brothers Band, The Band, and predominantly Grateful Dead songs. Although Hornsbys collaboration with Bobby Hornsby would be relatively short-lived, Bobbys son R. S. was a recurring guest-guitarist with Hornsbys band and his performances were often looked forward to by fans. Hornsby died on January 15,2009 in a car accident near Crozet, following his graduation from the University of Miami, in 1977, Hornsby returned to his hometown of Williamsburg, and played in local clubs and hotel bars. In 1980, he and his younger brother John Hornsby moved to Los Angeles, before moving back to his native southeastern Virginia, he also spent time in Los Angeles as a session musician and performed as a member of the touring band for pop star Sheena Easton. Hornsby can clearly be seen in the video for Eastons 1984 hit single “Strut”. In 1984 he formed Bruce Hornsby and the Range, who were signed to RCA Records in 1985, besides Hornsby, Range members were David Mansfield, George Marinelli, former Ambrosia member Joe Puerta, and John Molo. Hornsbys recording career started with the biggest hit he has had to date and it topped the American music charts in 1986. The song described aspects of homelessness, the American civil rights movement and it has since been sampled by at least six rap artists, including Tupac Shakur, E-40, and Mase. With the success of the single, the album The Way It Is went multi-platinum, every Little Kiss also did respectably well. Other tracks on the album helped establish what some labeled the Virginia sound, a mixture of rock, jazz, and bluegrass. Bruce Hornsby and the Range went on to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1987, beating out Glass Tiger, Nu Shooz, Simply Red and Timbuk3. Hornsby and the Ranges sound was distinctive for its use of syncopation in Hornsbys piano solos, a piano sound. John Molos drumbeats were often looped throughout the versions of songs. They are typical double-time beats, which allowed Hornsby and the rest of the band to do more with their solos, Hornsby and the Ranges second album, Scenes From The Southside was released in 1988. It included Look Out Any Window and The Valley Road which many critics noted for their more spacious musical arrangements and it also included Jacobs Ladder, which the Hornsby brothers wrote for musician friend Huey Lewis, Lewiss version became a number one hit from his album Fore
45.
David Cassidy
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David Bruce Cassidy is a retired American actor, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He later had a career in acting and music. Cassidy was born at Flower Fifth Avenue Hospital in New York City and his father was of half-Irish and half-German ancestry, and his mother was of mostly Colonial American descent, along with smaller amounts of Irish and Swiss. Some of his mothers ancestors were among the founders of Newark, as his parents were frequently touring on the road, he spent his early years being raised by his maternal grandparents in a middle-class neighborhood in West Orange, New Jersey. In 1956, he found out from neighbors children that his parents had been divorced for two years and had not told him. Davids parents had decided because he was at such a young age and they were gone often with theater productions and home life remained the same. In 1956, his father married singer and actress Shirley Jones, David remained there seeking fame as an actor/musician while simultaneously working half-days in the mailroom of a textile firm. He moved out when his career began to flourish, Cassidys father Jack is credited with setting his son up with his first manager. Aarons had represented Jack and Shirley Jones for several years prior, aarons became an authority figure and close friend to Cassidy, and proved to be the fighting force behind his on-screen success. On January 2,1969, Cassidy made his debut in the Broadway musical The Fig Leaves Are Falling. It closed after four performances, but a casting director saw the show, in 1969, he moved to Los Angeles. After signing with Universal Studios in 1969, Cassidy was featured in episodes of the TV series Ironside, Marcus Welby, M. D. Adam-12, and Bonanza. In 1970, he took the part of Keith Partridge, son of Shirley Partridge, shortly after production began, though, Cassidy convinced music producer Wes Farrell that he was good enough and he was promoted to lead singer for the shows recordings. Once I Think I Love You became a hit, Cassidy began work on solo albums, as well. Within the first year, he had produced his own single, Cherish and he began tours that featured Partridge tunes and his own hits. Ten albums by The Partridge Family and five albums were produced during the show. Internationally, Cassidys solo career eclipsed the already success of The Partridge Family. He became an instant drawcard with spectacular sellout concert successes in major arenas around the world and these concerts produced mass hysteria, resulting in the media coining the term Cassidymania
46.
ABBA
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ABBA were a Swedish pop group formed in Stockholm by Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, and Anni-Frid Lyngstad. They became one of the most commercially successful acts in the history of popular music, topping the charts worldwide from 1974 to 1982. ABBA won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 at The Dome in Brighton, UK, giving Sweden its first triumph in the contest, ABBAs record sales figure is uncertain and various estimates range from over 140 to over 500 million sold records. This makes them one of the music artists. They have a joint record eight consecutive number-one albums in the UK, the group also enjoyed significant success in Hispanic American markets, and recorded a collection of their hit songs in Spanish. During the bands active years, Fältskog & Ulvaeus and Lyngstad & Andersson were married and these relationship changes were reflected in the groups music, with later compositions featuring more introspective and dark lyrics in contrast to their usual pure-pop sound. After ABBA disbanded in December 1982, Andersson and Ulvaeus achieved success writing music for the stage, while Lyngstad and Fältskog pursued solo careers with mixed success. Several films, notably Muriels Wedding and The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, further revived public interest in the group, in 1999, ABBAs music was adapted into the successful musical Mamma Mia. that toured worldwide. A film of the name, released in 2008, became the highest-grossing film in the United Kingdom that year. ABBA were honoured at the 50th anniversary celebration of the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2015, their song Dancing Queen was inducted into the Recording Academys Grammy Hall of Fame, in 2016, the members of ABBA announced an upcoming project in 2017. Benny Andersson became a member of a popular Swedish pop-rock group, the Hep Stars, the Hep Stars were known as the Swedish Beatles. They also set up Hep House, their equivalent of Apple Corps, Andersson also had a fruitful songwriting collaboration with Lasse Berghagen, with whom he wrote his first Svensktoppen entry, Sagan om lilla Sofie, in 1968. Björn Ulvaeus also began his career at 18, when he fronted The Hootenanny Singers. Ulvaeus started writing English-language songs for his group, and even had a solo career alongside. The Hootenanny Singers and The Hep Stars sometimes crossed paths while touring, in June 1966, Ulvaeus and Andersson decided to write a song together. Their first attempt was Isnt It Easy to Say, a song recorded by The Hep Stars. Stig Anderson was the manager of The Hootenanny Singers and founder of the Polar Music label and he saw potential in the collaboration, and encouraged them to write more
47.
Live at Wembley Arena
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Live at Wembley Arena is an album of live recordings by Swedish pop group ABBA, released by Polar Music on September 29,2014, on 2 CD,3 LP and digital format. The album, produced by Ludvig Andersson, includes the concert at Londons Wembley Arena on November 10,1979. It features most of ABBAs hit singles and album favorites from their first eight years as a unit, as well as the never-before-released Im Still Alive, written by Agnetha Fältskog and Björn Ulvaeus. Members of the group, like Björn Ulvaeus and Agnetha Fältskog, Music stars like The Clashs Joe Strummer and Ian Dury were among the audience. Several songs from the Wembley concerts were filmed for the TV special ABBA in Concert, the song The Way Old Friends Do, performed during the encore, was later included as the closing track of their 1980 album, Super Trouper. Songs from Wembley also appeared on 1986s ABBA Live, but were overdubbed in the studio by producer, the BBC compiled its own one-hour version of the concerts and aired it on Christmas 1979. It circulates as a bootleg entitled ABBA - Live In London. Andersson detailed that his son Ludvig went through hours of tapes and it was Ludvig who decided that the November 10th 1979 concert was the one to be released. The decision was approved by all the members of ABBA, including vocalists Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Agnetha Fältskog, on June 9,2014, ABBAs official Facebook and Instagram accounts confirmed the release and the next day, on June 10, the full track list was revealed. The album omits the song Not Bad At All, performed on tour by backing vocalist, All songs written and composed by Benny Andersson & Björn Ulvaeus, except where noted. Gammal fäbodpsalm Voulez-Vous If It Wasnt for the Nights As Good as New Knowing Me, SOS Fernando The Name of the Game Eagle Thank You For The Music Why Did It Have to Be Me Intermezzo No
Wembley Park
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