1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
3.
Susquehanna River
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The Susquehanna River is a major river located in the northeastern United States. At 464 miles long, it is the longest river on the American east coast that drains into the Atlantic Ocean, with its watershed, it is the 16th-largest river in the United States, and the longest river in the continental United States without commercial boat traffic today. The Susquehanna rises and flows through New York, Pennsylvania, and it forms from two main branches, the North Branch, which rises in upstate New York and is regarded by federal mapmakers as the main branch, and the West Branch Susquehanna. Both of these waterways were improved by navigations throughout the 1820s and 1830s as the Pennsylvania Canal, together with facilities of the Allegheny Portage Railroad, loaded barges were transferred from the canal and hoisted across the mountain ridge into the Pittsburgh area. The 82-mile Union Canal was completed in 1828 to connect Schuylkill River in Reading to the Susquehanna above Harrisburg, an 82-mile leg connecting the Susquehanna with the Delaware River was instead developed as the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, built by the Pennsylvania Canal Commission. The shorter West Branch, which rises in western Pennsylvania, joins the stem of the Susquehanna near Northumberland in central Pennsylvania. The river drains 27,500 square miles, including half of the land area of Pennsylvania. The river empties into the end of the Chesapeake Bay at Havre de Grace, Maryland. The Chesapeake Bay is the ria of the Susquehanna, while less prevalent since their contraction in the 1950–1960s, the rivers shores still support a wide ranging rail transportation infrastructure. Also called the Main Branch Susquehanna, the branch of the river rises at the outlet of Otsego Lake in Cooperstown. From there, the branch of the river runs west-southwest through rural farmland and dairy country, receiving the Unadilla River at Sidney. It dips south into Pennsylvania briefly to turn north at Susquehanna Depot hooking back into New York. A couple miles south, just across the New York state line and it makes a right-angle curve between Sayre and Towanda to cut through the Endless Mountains in the Allegheny Plateau of Pennsylvania. The origin of the official West Branch is near Northern Cambria County, Pennsylvania near the junction of Mitchel Road and it travels northeasterly through Curwensville, into and through Clearfield, Pennsylvania, where its joined by the Clearfield Creek right bank tributary. The West Branch turns to the southeast and passes through Lock Haven, the North Branch joins the West Branch from the northwest at Northumberland, just above Sunbury. It receives the Juniata River from the northwest at Duncannon, then passes through its last water gap, downtown Harrisburg developed on the east side of the river, which is nearly a mile wide here. It crosses into northern Maryland approximately 30 miles northeast of Baltimore and is joined by Octoraro Creek, the river enters the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay at Havre de Grace. Concord Point Light was built here in 1827 to accommodate the increasing navigational traffic, Susquehanna comes from the Lenapi term Sisawehakhanna, which means Oyster River
4.
Larrys Creek
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Larrys Creek is a 22. 9-mile-long tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Lycoming County in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. A part of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, its watershed drains 89.1 square miles in six townships, the creek flows south from the dissected Allegheny Plateau to the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians through sandstone, limestone, and shale from the Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian periods. The valleys first recorded inhabitants were the Susquehannocks, followed by the Lenape, the Great Shamokin Path crossed the creek near its mouth, where Larry Burt, the first Euro-American settler and the man who gave the creek its present name, also lived by 1769. In the 19th century, the creek and its watershed were a center for logging and related industries, including 53 sawmills, grist mills, leather tanneries, coal, a 1903 newspaper article claimed No other stream in the country had so many mills in so small a territory. For transportation, a road ran along much of the creek for decades. As of 2006, the Larrys Creek watershed is 83. 1% forest and 15. 7% agricultural, nearly 9,000 acres of second-growth forest are protected public and private land for hunting and trout fishing, with more land protected in parts of Tiadaghton State Forest. Pollution from past industrial use is gone and Larrys Creek has an exceptionally scenic, despite agricultural runoff and small amounts of acid mine drainage, water quality is quite good, and a water filtration plant on Larrys Creek supplies over 2500 customers. Larrys Creek is named for Larry Burt, the first European settler in the area and he traded with the indigenous peoples, and, according to a tradition reported by Meginness, he had a Native American wife. Larry Burt was already there when surveyors came through in 1769, Larrys Creek is the only major creek in Lycoming County for which a Native American name is unknown. As of 2006, it is the stream named Larrys Creek on USGS maps of the United States. The possessive apostrophe is not part of the name of the creek. Today the creek has given its name to the hamlet at its mouth, before it became a borough, Salladasburg was also known as Larrys Creek. The First Fork and Second Fork of Larrys Creek are named in the order in which they are encountered traveling upstream, Lawshe Run, the major tributary of the Second Fork, is named for Robert Lawshe, who established a tannery in Salladasburg in 1848. Seeley Run, a minor tributary entering the creek at Larryville, is named for Mr. Seely, while the USGS uses Seeley Run, it is still Seely Run Road that follows the stream. The First Fork, Canoe Run, Joes Run, and Wolf Run also have named for them. Larrys Creek is the major watershed in Lycoming County entirely within the county. Measured directly, Lycoming County is about 130 miles northwest of Philadelphia and 165 miles east-northeast of Pittsburgh and it is 53.0 miles from the mouth of Larrys Creek along the West Branch Susquehanna River to its confluence with the Susquehanna River at Northumberland, Pennsylvania. The creek next heads due south through Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 114, there it runs for about 3 miles with only a trail or unimproved road beside it
5.
Muncy Creek
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Muncy Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Sullivan County and Lycoming County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 34.5 miles long, the watershed of the creek has an area of 216 square miles. The creeks discharge averages 49 cubic feet per second at Sonestown, the headwaters of the creek are on the Allegheny Plateau. Rock formations in the include the Chemung Formation and the Catskill Formation. There are a number of lakes in the watershed of Muncy Creek, including Eagles Mere Lake, Highland Lake, the creek was known as Occohpocheny to Native Americans. The area in its vicinity was settled in 1783, various other industries and mills were constructed in the creeks vicinity from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. Wild trout naturally reproduce in part of Muncy Creek, part of the creek is navigable by canoe. Muncy Creek begins in southeastern Laporte Township, Sullivan County, near its border with Davidson Township, the creek flows southwest and then west for a short distance before reaching the border between Laporte Township and Davidson Township. It then turns southwest as it begins to follow this border, shortly afterwards it turns northwest and begins to flow into a valley, then turns west and begins receiving very short tributaries from both sides. Examples of these include Rock Run and Lopez Pond Branch, after picking up Peters Creek, one such tributary, Muncy Creek turns southwest and passes the community of Nordmont, where the tributary Elklick Run flows into it. The creek then turns southwest and later west, deep Hollow Run then enters the creek, which heads south away from the Laporte Township/Davidson Township border. Upon leaving behind the Laporte Township/Davidson Township border, the creek enters Davidson Township and heads west-southwest, after several miles, it reaches the community of Sonestown, where the tributary Big Run flows into it from the north. Muncy Creek then makes a sharp bend south and begins flowing parallel to U. S. Route 220, after a few miles, it passes the community of Muncy Valley and makes a sharp turn south, exiting Davidson Township. Upon exiting Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Muncy Creek enters Lycoming County and it continues following U. S. Route 220 during this time, picking up a few tributaries, including Lick Run. The creek also passes by Glen Mawr and Tivoli during this stretch, beyond the stretch, in Picture Rocks, the creek crosses Pennsylvania Route 864. Beyond the community, the creek continues south into Wolf Township, some distance further on, the creek receives the tributary Sugar Run and some miles later leaves Wolf Township in a southwesterly direction. Upon exiting Wolf Township, the creek enters Muncy Creek Township, Muncy Creek then turns northeast, crossing Pennsylvania Route 405 and turns southwest, crossing Interstate 180. The creek then receives the tributary Wolf Run and immediately afterwards empties into the West Branch Susquehanna River, Muncy Creek joins the West Branch Susquehanna River is 27.88 miles upstream of its mouth
6.
Anderson Creek (Pennsylvania)
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Anderson Creek is a 23. 6-mile-long tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Anderson Creek is classified as a Class II-III+ whitewater stream and defines the Eastern Continental Divide, Brown Springs, in the Moshannon State Forest, near Rockton, Pennsylvania, is a put-in for kayaking to the West Branch Susquehanna River at Bridgeport, Pennsylvania. The Anderson Creek corridor is part of the Great Shamokin Path from the native village Shamokin, on the Susquehanna River, to Kittanning, Pennsylvania, the Anderson Creek corridor is the location of the Bilgers Rocks prehistoric McFate Culture site. During the latter portion of the Late Woodland Period groups belonging to the McFate culture inhabited portions of along the Allegheny Front in north central Pennsylvania, the site is in Bloom Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, near the town of Grampian, Pennsylvania. The Bilger’s Rocks Association owns and cares for the 175-acre tract, McFate sites have been located in Clearfield and Elk counties. A McFate site near Du Bois, Pennsylvania, the Hickory Kingdom Kalgren site, was a fort on a projecting point of the Eastern Continental Divide. The Senecas from northern Pennsylvania wiped them out about 1650 and this army was gathered from the French posts at Duquesne, Kittanning, Venango and Le Boeuf and assembled at the mouth of Anderson Creek. Here, crude boats, rafts and bateau were constructed for passage down the Susquehanna River for the proposed attack and they dragged along with them two small brass cannon, but after reconnoitering found the distance too great for the guns to shoot from the hill opposite the fort. The defense at Fort Augusta was strong enough to resist attack by storming or by siege, a British defeat at Fort Augusta could have altered the history of the course of the French and Indian War. The Anderson Creek corridor is part of the Great Shamokin Path from the native village Shamokin, on the Susquehanna River, to Kittanning, Pennsylvania, the Anderson Creek area was known by Native Americans as the place where there is a mountain halfway on the other side. Native Americans recognized that Anderson Creek was the boundary between two systems, the Susquehanna River and the Ohio River. For several decades in the early 18th century, the villages of Shamokin, perhaps the paths best known use was by Moravian Bishop John Ettwein and his group of some 200 Lenape and Mohican Christians in 1772. The private travel diary of the Rev. Johann Roth, a Moravian Church missionary among the Indians in the American East, in this account of his day-by-day progress, the Rev. Roth mentions a number of Delaware Indian names for Pennsylvania. Roth mentions a night camp in a region which the Indians called Wachtschunglelawi awossijaje and this makes the three words signify, place where there is a mountain halfway on the other side, or, rather, where there is a mountain halfway between the one side and the other. That is, a divide between two systems, in this case, between the Susquehanna River and the Ohio River. In his report to Governor Robert Dinwiddie, George Washington made reference to a rolling country, suitable for settlement. In 1788, brothers John and David Mead were ready to investigate Washingtons story and they journeyed up mouth of Anderson Creek and turned at Coal Hill towards camp site and crossroads at The Big Spring. From there, they continued northwest on the Goschgoschink Path to the Venango Path, on May 12,1788, the Mead brothers founded Meadville, Pennsylvania, at the confluence of Cussewago Creek and French Creek
7.
White Deer Hole Creek
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White Deer Hole Creek is a 20. 5-mile tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton, Lycoming and Union counties in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. A part of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, the White Deer Hole Creek watershed drains parts of ten townships, the creek flows east in a valley of the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians, through sandstone, limestone, and shale from the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian periods. The rest of the creek and its tributary are kept stocked. There are opportunities in the watershed for canoeing, hunting, and camping, historically, two paths of the native indigenous peoples ran along parts of White Deer Hole Creek. Settlers arrived by 1770, but fled in 1778 during the American Revolutionary War and they returned and the creek served as the southern boundary of Lycoming County when it was formed on April 13,1795. A logging railroad ran along the creek from 1901 to 1904 for timber clearcutting, during World War II a Trinitrotoluene plant, which became a federal prison in 1952, was built in the watershed. Most development is in the end of the valley, with two unincorporated villages, a hamlet, and most of the farms. Two etymologies have suggested for White Deer Hole Creeks unusual name. According to Donehoo, it is a translation of the Lenape Woap-achtu-woalhen and it is Opauchtooalin on the earliest map showing the creek, while a 1759 map has both Opaghtanoten and its translation, White Flint Creek. These are seen as corruptions of Woap-achtu-woalhen, and by 1770 a map has White Deer hole, in 1870, 88-year-old John Farley gave a second explanation of the name. His family had settled on the banks of White Deer Hole Creek in 1787, the creek was named because a white deer is said to have been killed at an early day in a low hole or pond of water that once existed where my father built his mill. The mill was just west of the mouth at the village of Allenwood. The name White Deer Hole Creek is unique in the USGS Geographic Names Information System, Meginness used this name in 1892 and it appeared on a 1915 state map of Union County. In 2009 the name South Creek has disappeared, but there is still a South Creek Road on the bank of the creek in Gregg Township from near the mouth of Spring Creek west to the county line. According to Meginness, the 17-mile long and 8-mile wide White Deer Hole Creek valley was just called White Deer valley by many in 1892, confusion about the names arises since White Deer Creek is the next creek south of White Deer Hole Creek. The Lenape name for White Deer Creek was Woap-achtu-hanne, Spring Creek is the only named tributary of White Deer Hole Creek. Five unnamed tributaries flow through named features of South White Deer Ridge, going upstream in order they are, Beartrap Hollow, First Gap, Second Gap, Third Gap, and Fourth Gap. Lycoming County is about 130 miles northwest of Philadelphia and 165 miles east-northeast of Pittsburgh, the source of White Deer Hole Creek is in Crawford Township, just over the Clinton County line
8.
Allegheny Mountains
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The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to approximately 4,862 feet in northeastern West Virginia, in the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau which extends into Ohio, the principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and Cumberland, Maryland. The name is derived from the Allegheny River, which only a small portion of the Alleghenies in west-central Pennsylvania. The meaning of the word, which comes from the Lenape Indians, is not definitively known but is translated as fine river. A Lenape legend tells of an ancient tribe called the Allegewi who lived on the river and were defeated by the Lenape, Allegheny is the early French spelling, and Allegany is closer to the early English spelling. The word Allegheny was once used to refer to the whole of what are now called the Appalachian Mountains. John Norton used it around 1810 to refer to the mountains in Tennessee, around the same time, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either Appalachia or Alleghania. In 1861, Arnold Henry Guyot published the first systematic study of the whole mountain range. His map labeled the range as the Alleghanies, but his book was titled On the Appalachian Mountain System, as late as 1867, John Muir—in his book A Thousand Mile Walk to the Gulf—used the word Alleghanies in referring to the southern Appalachians. There was no agreement about the Appalachians versus the Alleghanies until the late 19th century. From northeast to southwest, the Allegheny Mountains run about 400 miles, from west to east, at their widest, they are about 100 miles. To the west, the Alleghenies grade down into the dissected Allegheny Plateau, the westernmost ridges are considered to be the Laurel and Chestnut Ridges in Pennsylvania and Laurel and Rich Mountains in West Virginia. The mountains to the south of the Alleghenies—the Appalachians in westernmost Virginia, eastern Kentucky, the Alleghenies and the Cumberlands both constitute part of the Ridge and Valley Province of the Appalachians. The eastern edge of the Alleghenies is marked by the Allegheny Front and this great escarpment roughly follows a portion of the Eastern Continental Divide in this area. A number of gorges and valleys drain the Alleghenies, to the east, Smoke Hole Canyon, and to the west the New River Gorge. Thus, about half the precipitation falling on the Alleghenies makes its way west to the Mississippi and half goes east to Chesapeake Bay, the highest ridges of the Alleghenies are just west of the Front, which has an east/west elevational change of up to 3,000 feet. Absolute elevations of the Allegheny Highlands reach nearly 5,000 feet, the highest point in the Allegheny Mountains is Spruce Knob, on Spruce Mountain in West Virginia
9.
Northumberland, Pennsylvania
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Northumberland is a borough in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,804 at the 2010 census, the land that became Northumberland was purchased from the Iroquois in the first Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768, and the village was laid out in 1772. During the American Revolution, Northumberland was evacuated during the Big Runaway in 1778, there is one other property in the borough on the NRHP, the Priestley-Forsyth Memorial Library, built by a great grandson of Joseph Priestley. Much of the borough is part of the Northumberland Historic District, Northumberland is located at 40°53′38″N 76°47′46″W, about 60 miles northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It sits at the confluence of the north and west branches of the Susquehanna River, according to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 1.6 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,714 people,1,657 households, the population density was 2,368.2 people per square mile. There were 1,772 housing units at a density of 1,129.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 98. 38% White,0. 73% African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 19% Asian,0. 40% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 62% of the population. 32. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.79. In the borough the population was out, with 21. 7% under the age of 18,6. 7% from 18 to 24,29. 2% from 25 to 44,24. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males, the median income for a household in the borough was $31,891, and the median income for a family was $38,807. Males had an income of $31,162 versus $22,203 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $18,229, about 4. 5% of families and 7. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 7% of those under age 18 and 6. 8% of those age 65 or over. The local public school system is the Shikellamy School District, with offices in nearby Sunbury. Shikellamy High School has a 78% graduation rate according to the report card 2005-2006. In 11th grade in the year, 49% were proficient in math. The high school is ranked 384th out of 606 public high schools in Pennsylvania, the Shikellamy School Board set the budget at $34.62 million for 2007-2008
10.
Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
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Northumberland County is a county located in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 94,528, the county was formed in 1772 from parts of Lancaster, Berks, Bedford, Cumberland, and Northampton Counties and named for the county of Northumberland in northern England. Northumberland County is a fifth class county according to the Pennsylvanias County Code, Northumberland County comprises the Sunbury, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area. Among its famous residents, Joseph Priestley, the enlightenment chemist and theologian, left England in 1796 due to religious persecution and his former house is a historical museum. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 478 square miles. The county has mountains in the south and north, with the rest being mostly rolling hills, Interstate 80 Interstate 180 U. S. Route 11 U. S. The population density was 206 people per square mile, there were 43,164 housing units at an average density of 94 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 09% White,1. 52% Black or African American,0. 10% Native American,0. 22% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 47% from other races, and 0. 58% from two or more races. 1. 10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,32. 5% were of German,12. 9% Polish,9. 9% American,8. 2% Italian,8. 1% Irish and 5. 8% Dutch ancestry according to Census 2000. 95. 8% spoke English and 1. 5% Spanish as their first language,30. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the family size was 2.89. In the county, the population was out with 21. 90% under the age of 18,7. 00% from 18 to 24,27. 70% from 25 to 44,24. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males, Northumberland Countys live birth rate was 1,167 births in 1990. Northumberland Countys live birth rate in 2000 declined to 919 births, over the past 50 years, rural Pennsylvania saw a steady decline in both the number and proportion of residents under 18 years old. In 1960,1.06 million rural residents, or 35 percent of the population, were children. 9% in 2014. The statewide poverty rate was 13. 6% in 2014, according to the US Census Bureau, from 2009-2014 Northumberland County saw a 62% increase in the number of families in the federal food assistance program called SNAP. The number of people or families receiving monthly SNAP assistance dollars rose from 2,965 in 2009 to 4,814 people in 2014, teen Pregnancy rate The Pennsylvania Department of Health reports the annual teens aged 15–19 birth rate
