In archaeogenetics, the term Western Steppe Herders, or Western Steppe Pastoralists, is the name given to a distinct ancestral component first identified in individuals from the Chalcolithic steppe ar
Migration of Yamnaya-related people, according to Anthony (2007), (2017); Narasimhan et al. (2019); Nordqvist & Heyd (2020): 3000 BC: Initial eastward migration initiating the Afanasievo culture, possibly Proto-Tocharian. 2900 BC: North-westward migrations carrying Corded Ware culture, transforming into Bell Beaker; according to Anthony, westward migration west of Carpatians into Hungary as Yamnaya, transforming into Bell Beaker, possibly ancestral to
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from c. 3000 to 800 BC
The eastern part of the Corded Ware culture contributed to the Sintashta culture (c. 2100–1800 BC), where the Indo-Iranian languages and culture emerged.
The Yamnaya, or Yamna, culture, also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, is a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dnie
Largest expansion of the Yamnaya culture. Modified from c. 3500 origins of Usatovo culture; 3300 origins of Yamna; c. 3300–3200 expansion of Yamnaya across the Pontic-Caspian steppe; c. 2700 end of Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, and transformation of Yamnaya into Corded Ware in the contact zone east of the Carpathian mountains; 3100–2600 Yamnaya expansion into the Danube Valley.
Yamnaya culture grave, Volgograd Oblast
Sredny Stog culture (c. 4500–3500 BC)