1.
Westin Hotels & Resorts
–
Westin Hotels & Resorts is an American upscale hotel chain owned by Marriott International. As of 2013, Westin operated over 192 hotels in multiple countries across the globe, in 1930, Severt W. Thurston and Frank Dupar of Seattle, Washington met unexpectedly during breakfast at a diner in Yakima, Washington. The competing hotel owners decided to form a management company to all their properties. The men invited Peter and Adolph Schmidt, who operated five hotels in the Puget Sound area, to join them, the chain consisted of 17 properties,16 in Washington and one in Boise, Idaho. Western expanded to Vancouver, British Columbia and Portland, Oregon in 1931, by the early 1950s, Western also had properties in Montana and Utah. Early management developed each property individually, after more than two decades of rapid growth, many of its properties were merged into a single corporate structure in 1958, focusing on bringing the hotels together under a common chain identity. Western Hotels managed a floating hotel aboard the ocean liner QSMV Dominion Monarch, the chain also managed the restaurant atop the Space Needle, which they continued to manage until 1982. The company was renamed Western International Hotels in 1963, to reflect its growth overseas and that same year, the company went public. On November 1,1965, Western International announced an agreement with Hotel Corporation of America. In 1970, Western International was acquired by UAL Corporation, at the end of its 50th anniversary on January 5,1981, the company changed its name again to Westin Hotels. In 1987, UAL Chairman Richard Ferris announced a plan to make UAL into Allegis, a conglomerate based around United Airlines, Hertz Rent a Car, Hilton Hotels. This strategy failed, however, and Westin was sold in 1988 to Aoki Corporation of Japan, in 1994 Aoki sold it to Starwood Capital, real estate investment firm and parent of Starwood Lodging, and Goldman Sachs, an investment bank. In 1998 Starwood assumed full ownership of the company, Westin claims to have been the first hotel chain to introduce guest credit cards, 24-hour room service, and personal voice mail in each room. Westin markets certain amenities available in its properties to the public under the brand name Heavenly, in 2005, Westin became the first hotel company to gain a national retail store presence when Nordstrom started carrying the Heavenly Bed line in more than 60 stores. Westin refreshed its partnership with United Airlines in 2008 and these amenities were stopped following the merger with Continental Airlines. Especially in the last decade, Westin has focused on expanding globally, since 2005, the number of hotels has grown from 120 locations in 24 countries to over 192 locations in 37 countries as of 2013. In 2016, Marriott International acquired Starwood, becoming the worlds largest hotel company, the Westin Palace Madrid - historic 1912 luxury hotel in Madrid The Westin San Jose - Formerly the Saint Claire and Hyatt Saint Claire. Westin Hamburg - opened in 2016 and located in Hamburgs iconic Elbphilharmonie concert hall The Westin Sydney Westin Alumni Association, www. westinalumni. org Westin Hotels & Resorts Westin Hotel Store
2.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Seattle
–
Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
4.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Starwood
–
Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. is an American hotel and leisure company headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. One of the worlds largest hotel companies, it owns, operates, franchises and manages hotels, resorts, spas, residences, and vacation ownership properties under its 11 owned brands. As of 1 December 2014, Starwood Hotels and Resorts owned, managed, or franchised over 1,200 properties employing over 180,400 people, of whom approximately 26% were employed in the United States. On November 16,2015, Marriott International announced it would purchase Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide for $13.6 billion, the merger was finalized on September 23,2016 after gaining the final approval from the American authorities. After the acquisition by Marriott was approved, the Starwood Preferred Guest program announced it would provide reciprocal benefits with Marriotts guest reward program, the two programs will be merged under a single brand in the future. The Westin Hotels and Resorts brand is Starwoods largest upscale hotels and it was bought by Starwood in 1994 and is also the oldest brand within Starwood, dating back to 1930 and still continuing with it. Sheraton is Starwoods flagship brand, providing hotel and resort accommodation. It began operating in 1937 and was sold to Starwood in 1998 by ITT, also under the Sheraton brand are 7 Vacation Ownership properties. The flagship of the division was The St Regis in New York City, the majority of the CIGA hotels were folded into the ITT Sheraton Luxury Collection. Both ITT Sheraton and later Starwood kept CIGAs original logo for The Luxury Collection brand logo until 2010, after Starwood bought Sheraton, they established a separate brand identity for The Luxury Collection and expanded it. Many hotels in The Luxury Collection are smaller establishments in converted palaces or other significant buildings, launched in 1995 under the Sheraton Groups brand, this brand is a set of mid-range hotels that replaced the Sheraton Inn sub-brand of Sheraton. W Hotels is Starwoods luxury boutique hotel brand, generally marketed towards a younger crowd, for example, the lobbies of all the hotels are known as the Living Room. W Hotels attempt to include the letter W wherever possible - the swimming pool is known as Wet, the concierge is known as Whatever Whenever, the bag in every room is known as Wash. St. Regis is Starwoods main luxury brand, launched in 1999, in the 1930s, head bartender Fernand Petiot, introduced the Bloody Mary cocktail. It has a total of 137 properties operating or in the worldwide, with its first property being Le Méridien Etoile in Paris. Certain locations offer guests complimentary access to art galleries and museums through collaborations, Le Méridien has a partnership with the Italian coffee roasting company Illy, serving and promoting Illy-branded coffee and products throughout its hotels around the world. Aloft, was launched in 2005 as Aloft, a Vision of W Hotels, in a relationship with W similar to Four Points by Sheraton and its brand parent, Aloft is a mid-scale, urban-style business/boutique hotel brand. Announced in 2006, and originally known as Element by Westin, the designs include energy and water efficient features
6.
John Graham & Company
–
The firm was responsible for many Seattle landmarks and a number of significant structures nationwide, including the Space Needle, the Chase Tower of Rochester, New York, and the Westin Seattle. The firm was merged into the DLR Group on May 19,1986, John Graham was born in Liverpool, England in 1873. He apprenticed as an architect in England as a young man, first visiting Seattle, Washington, in 1896, he immigrated to the United States in 1900, starting a one-man architectural practice in Seattle. He started off modestly, designing mainly industrial-related buildings and private residences and his first notable project was designing the reconstruction of the Trinity Parish Church at Eight Avenue and James Street in 1902 after it had been damaged by fire. After a brief partnership with Alfred Bodley in 1904, Graham founded the firm of Graham & Myers with David J. Myers in 1906 and he would work with Myers until 1910. As architect for the Ford Motor Company, he designed more than 30 of Fords assembly plants between 1912 and 1940, throughout the 1920s and 30s, he would design hundreds of commercial and public buildings in the Seattle area including the Frederick & Nelson store in 1916. He also helped found the Seattle Yacht Club and he retired from architecture in 1945 and died on March 20,1955, while on tour in Hong Kong. John Graham Jr. graduated from Yale University, established a satellite office of his fathers firm in New York City in 1937. Renaming the firm to John Graham & Company, the firm expanded a relatively modest regional practice to an office with national presence and it was ultimately responsible for over a thousand commissions. Their primary focus was commercial projects, many were straightforward mid-century modernist office towers, such as San Franciscos 196744 Montgomery tower. The firm would go on to design seventy malls nationwide, the authorship of Grahams single most prominent work, the Space Needle, is disputed. Clearly the revolving restaurant, the Eye of the Needle, was Grahams conception, hed already devised La Ronde for the Ala Moana Shopping Center in Honolulu in 1961, and was awarded a patent for the idea in 1964
7.
Storey
–
A storey or story is any level part of a building that could be used by people. The plurals are storeys and stories respectively, the terms floor, level, or deck can also be used in this sense, except that one may use ground floor and ground level for the floor closer to what is considered the ground or street level. The words storey and floor also generally exclude levels of the building that have no roof, houses commonly have only one or two floors. Buildings are often classified as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise according to how many levels they contain, the tallest skyscraper in the world, Burj Khalifa, has 163 floors. As of 2013, the tallest planned skyscraper, Sky City, is planned to have 202 floors, the height of each storey is based on the ceiling height of the rooms plus the thickness of the floors between each pane. Generally this is around 10 feet total, however, it varies widely from just under this figure to well over it, storeys within a building need not be all the same height — often the lobby is more spacious, for example. Additionally, higher levels may be smaller in volume than the ones beneath them, in English, the principal floor or main floor of a house is the floor that contains the chief apartments, it is usually the ground floor, or the floor above. In Italy the main floor of a home is usually above the ground level, the attic or loft is a storey just below the buildings roof, its ceiling is often pitched and/or at a different height than that of other floors. A penthouse is an apartment on the topmost storey of a building. A basement is a storey below the main or ground floor, split-level homes have floors that offset from each other by less than the height of a full storey. A mezzanine, in particular, is typically a floor halfway between the floor and the next higher floor. Homes with a split-level entry have the main floor raised half a storey height above the street entrance level. In Macys Herald Square, there is a one and a floor between the first and second, this can be considered a split level floor. There are also car parks, also known as parking garages. Floor numbering is the scheme used for a buildings floors. There are two major schemes in use across the world, in one system, used in the majority of European countries, the ground floor is the floor literally on the ground and often has no number or is assigned the number 0. Therefore, the floor up is assigned the number 1 and is the first floor. The other system, used primarily in the United States and Canada, counts the bottom floor as the first floor, the existence of two incompatible conventions is a common source of confusion in international communication, sometimes even between communities who speak the same language
8.
Modest Mouse
–
Modest Mouse is an American rock band formed in 1992 in Issaquah, Washington, and currently based in Portland, Oregon. The founding members are lead singer/guitarist Isaac Brock, drummer Jeremiah Green, since the bands 1996 debut album, This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About, the groups lineup has centered on Brock and Green. Judy performed on every Modest Mouse album until his departure in 2012, guitarist Johnny Marr joined the band in 2006, shortly following percussionist Joe Plummer and multi-instrumentalist Tom Peloso, to work on the album We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank. Guitarist Jim Fairchild joined the band in 2009, the bands sixth album, Strangers to Ourselves, was released on March 17,2015. It was during his years that Brock, who at the time was employed at the local family video store just outside Seattle. Brock and Judy later discovered drummer Jeremiah Green, who resided near Seattle, at a heavy metal show. In 1994, at Calvin Johnsons Dub Narcotic Studios, Modest Mouse recorded its first EP, Blue Cadet-3, which was released by K Records. This was followed by a single, Broke, recorded by Steve Wold under Sub Pop records at Moon Studios in Olympia, Washington. During this time, Modest Mouse also recorded what would have been its first album, Sad Sappy Sucker and it was not until 2001 that it was officially released. Before making their way into the pop world in 2004. After moving to Up Records at Moon Studios, Modest Mouse released two albums and other recordings including the 1996 LP This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About. Steve Wold also recorded and produced this album along with the next offering, the 1997 album, The Lonesome Crowded West served as the bands breakthrough. The Lonesome Crowded West gained the band a following, and is now popularly considered to be one of the defining albums of mid-1990s indie rock. During this time, Nick Kraft became involved with the task of refining the bands sound, prior to its release, the band had recorded the EP The Fruit That Ate Itself. In 2000, Modest Mouse released The Moon & Antarctica, its first album on Epic Records, later, the album would subsequently receive further acclaim. The band licensed Gravity Rides Everything for a Nissan Quest minivan, regarding the commercial, Brock stated, People who dont have to make their living playing music can bitch about my principles while they spend their parents money or wash dishes for some asshole. In 2001, Modest Mouse released the EP Everywhere and His Nasty Parlour Tricks, in 2002, the band joined Cake, De La Soul, the Flaming Lips, the Hackensaw Boys and Kinky on the Unlimited Sunshine Tour. In March 2003, Green left the band after suffering a breakdown, official reports stated he was leaving to work with his side project
9.
The Lonesome Crowded West
–
The Lonesome Crowded West is the second studio album by American alternative rock band Modest Mouse. The album was released on Up Records on November 18,1997, the two towers pictured on the albums cover are The Westin Seattle. The Lonesome Crowded West has been cited as the breakthrough album. The album was reissued on CD and vinyl by Isaac Brocks Glacial Pace record label in 2014, spin ranked the album at number 59 in their list of the 100 greatest albums of 1985–2005, and Entertainment Weekly included the album in their list The Indie Rock 25. Club has described The Lonesome Crowded West as the breakthrough recording. In June 2012, Pitchfork. tv released a documentary on the album. The documentary included footage taken during live performances and original recording/mix sessions. All tracks written by Modest Mouse, the double-vinyl edition released on Up Records includes an extra track, Baby Blue Sedan, and a slightly re-ordered track listing. Rather than having a cover to house both records, or putting both records in a single cover, the double-vinyl release was shipped in two different covers. The 2014 vinyl reissue on Glacial Pace contains the track listing. Modest Mouse Isaac Brock – guitars, vocals Jeremiah Green – drums Eric Judy – bass Additional personnel DJ K. O, Brock Cover design by Pat Castaldo
10.
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
–
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat is an international body in the field of tall buildings and sustainable urban design. Its stated mission is to study and report on all aspects of the planning, design, the Council was founded at Lehigh University in 1969 by Lynn S. Beedle, where its office remained until October 2003 when it moved to the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. The CTBUH ranks the height of buildings using three different methods, Height to architectural top, This is the criterion under which the CTBUH ranks the height of buildings. Heights are measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the top of the building, inclusive of spires but excluding items such as flagpoles and antennae. Highest occupied floor, Height to the level of the highest floor that is occupied by residents. Height to tip, Height to the highest point of the building, including antennae, flagpoles, a category measuring to the top of the roof was removed from the ranking criteria in November 2009. This became the CTBUH official definition of a building’s completion, the CTBUH maintains an extensive database of the tallest buildings in the world, organized by various categories. Buildings under construction are included, although not ranked until completion. The CTBUH also produces an annual list of the ten tallest buildings completed in that particular year. Second on the 2008 list was the 363-metre Almas Tower in Dubai, third was the Minsheng Bank Building in Wuhan which stands at 331 metres, whilst fourth was The Address Downtown Burj Dubai. All in all, six of the ten tallest buildings completed in 2008 are located in Asia, the CTBUH also hosts annual conferences and a World Congress every three to five years. The most recent World Congress was held in Shanghai between 19 and 21 September 2012, the next World Congress will be held in Shanghai between 16 and 19 September 2014. The CTBUH also bestows Tall Building Awards each year, with four awards to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Among these four regional awards, one is given the Best Tall Building Award Overall, there are also two lifetime achievement awards. Starting in 2010, these awards are presented at a symposium, in 2012 the CTBUH added two new awards for Innovation and Performance. In addition to the newsletter and daily updated global news archive. The Journal includes peer-reviewed technical papers, in-depth project case studies, book reviews, interviews with prominent persons in the building industry. The CTBUH also publishes guidebooks, reference manuals, and monographs related to the building industry
11.
Emporis
–
Emporis GmbH is a real estate data mining company with headquarters in Hamburg, Germany. The company collects and publishes data and photographs of buildings worldwide, Emporis offers a variety of information on its public database, Emporis. com, located at www. emporis. com. Emporis is frequently cited by media sources as an authority on building data. Emporis previously focused exclusively on high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, which it defines as buildings between 35 and 100 metres tall and at least 100 metres tall, respectively, today, the database has expanded to include low-rise buildings and other structures. Michael Wutzke started a website about skyscrapers in Frankfurt in 1996, in 2000 he started skyscrapers. com which was folded into Emporis in 2003. In 2004, Stephan R. Boehm assumed the role of Chairman, Wutzke was Chief Technology Officer and managing director until 2010, when he left the company. In 2007 venture capital firm Neuhaus Partners and KfW Bankengruppe invested several million Euro in the company, effective January 1,2009, the company moved its headquarters from Darmstadt to Frankfurt. In 2011, the company moved from Frankfurt to Hamburg, in 2000 a group of Emporis senior editors began presenting the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Eligible buildings are selected from a list of all buildings in the world at least 100 meters tall which were completed that year
12.
SkyscraperPage
–
SkyscraperPage is an internet forum for skyscraper hobbyists and enthusiasts that tracks existing and proposed skyscrapers around the world. SkyscraperPage. com drawings have appeared in National Geographics website, Wired, Condé Nast, The Globe and they are based in Victoria, British Columbia. The site has a database of scale-model illustration skyscrapers and other major macro-engineering projects, the scale of the drawings are one pixel per meter. The images are created using pixel art, using these diagrams, skyscrapers and other tall structures from any cities can be compared. General information is given about each structure, such as the location, the year built, if available. In 2008, the site had over 22,000 custom made drawings of skyscrapers, there were 600 artists signed up with the site, about half of whom were active. List of Internet forums List of tallest buildings in the world
13.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
14.
Melbourne
–
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
15.
Columbia Center
–
Columbia Center is the tallest skyscraper in the downtown Seattle skyline and the tallest building in the State of Washington. At 937 ft, it is currently the third tallest structure on the West Coast after Los Angeless 73-story 1, Bank Tower, and the 1, 099-foot Wilshire Grand Center. The tower has the tallest public viewing area on the West Coast and west of the Mississippi and it occupies most of the block bounded by Fourth and Fifth Avenues and Cherry and Columbia Streets. It contains 76 stories of office space above ground and seven stories of various use below ground. Construction of this began in 1982 and finished in 1985. It was designed by Chester L. Lindsey Architects who also designed the Fourth and Blanchard Building in the Belltown neighborhood, Columbia Center was designed by Washington architect Chester L. Lindsey. The base of the building is clad in Rosa Purino Carnelian granite, the buildings structure is composed of three geometric concave facades with two setbacks, causing the building to appear like three towers standing side by side. 1%. The tower was designed to be about 306.5 m. There is a deck on the 73rd floor which offers views of Seattle. The top two floors of the building are occupied by the private Columbia Tower Club, which houses a restaurant, bar, library, the 40th floor is accessible to the public and features a Starbucks cafe. An underground concourse connects the building to the nearby Seattle Municipal Tower and that name gave it the nickname BOAT. In November 2005, the name was changed back to Columbia Center after the bank reduced its presence in the building. Bank of America still maintains office space within the building, but has closed the bank branch at the base of the tower. Two years before the start of construction, in 1980, Howard S. Wright construction company began to become involved with the phases of the Columbia Center. Martin Selig, a prominent Seattle developer, borrowed $205 million in 1981 to develop the property and this was among one of the largest foundations for a building in Seattle along with concrete footings extending 134 feet below street level. However, the steel of the building was built at a rate of 2 floors per week. Then, the building itself was completed on January 12,1985, U. S. Steel Corporation was contracted to provide 16,000 short tons of steel for construction. It was approximately 50% taller than the previous tallest skyscraper in Seattle, Selig continued to own and manage the building until 1989, when financial problems forced him to sell it to Seafirst Corporation for $354 million
16.
1201 Third Avenue
–
1201 Third Avenue, formerly Washington Mutual Tower is a 235.31 m, 55-story skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. It is the second tallest building in the city, the eighth tallest on the West Coast of the United States, developed by Wright Runstad & Company, construction began in 1986 and finished in 1988. 1201 Third Avenue was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates and The McKinley Architects, the building was the world headquarters of the financial company Washington Mutual from the buildings opening until 2006, when the company moved across the street to the WaMu Center. Kohn Pedersen Fox was hired to design the tower while visiting Seattle to be interviewed as a candidate for the job of designing the Seattle Art Museum.5 million for off-site housing. By providing the amenities the designers were able to add 28 stories to the tower, the building was built on the site of the 12-story Savoy Hotel which was imploded in 1986, however, the architects incorporated the historic Brooklyn Building into the design of the tower. S. Seattlites have voted the 55-story skyscraper as one of their favorite buildings, the building is managed by Wright Runstad & Company. A CGI version of this makes an appearance on the teaser trailer for the film Inception. It is found toward the end of the trailer on the curved cityscape where the movies namesake has been carved out
17.
Union Square (Seattle)
–
Union Square is a skyscraper complex at Sixth Avenue between Union and University Streets in Downtown Seattle, Washington, adjacent to Freeway Park. It consists of two built in the 1980s and primarily used for office space. The entire complex is managed by Washington Holdings, a real estate firm also known as Union Square LLC which is based in Seattle. One Union Square is an aluminum clad 456-foot skyscraper consisting of 36 floors with 2 floors below ground, construction of this class A office building was completed 36 years ago in 1981. It is the first office building in Seattle to house all life-support systems in one location, construction on Two Union Square began in 1987 and was complete by 1989. When accounting for the tip of the pole, the 797-foot building is the third-tallest building in the Seattle skyline. The Seattle-based architectural firm NBBJ designed the tower, which was dedicated on July 29,1989, Two Union Square has 56 floors with 1,126,428 square feet of rentable space, and an underground concourse connecting to the Seattle Hilton Hotel and shopping at Rainier Square. It is the first skyscraper to use 19,000 lbs/in.2 concrete, list of tallest buildings in the United States Aïtcin, Pierre-Claude. Union Square official website Seattle Virtual tour at Bohonus VR Photography
18.
Seattle Municipal Tower
–
Seattle Municipal Tower is a 62-story,220.07 m skyscraper at 700 5th Avenue at the corner of 5th Avenue and Columbia Street in downtown Seattle, Washington. It is the fourth tallest building in Seattle, at its completion in 1990, the building was named AT&T Gateway Tower and later changed to Key Bank Tower reflecting the names of former anchor tenants AT&T and Key Bank. The City of Seattle purchased Key Tower in early 1996 to house utilities, the purchase price was $124 million, or $124 a square foot. On May 17,2004, the name was officially changed to the current moniker. The Seattle City Council and offices of the Mayor of Seattle are located in the nearby Seattle City Hall, the Municipal Tower was designed by Bassetti Architects, who also designed Seattles City Hall and the Jackson Federal Building. The stairs between the plaza, lobby and tunnel levels are unusual and its site has the challenge of straddling a freeway entrance ramp, the main lobby is floor 4, not floor 1 as is usual in American buildings. The elevators are divided into lower and upper tiers, in order to reach floors above 40, visitors must take an elevator to the sky lobby on 40 and transfer to a second elevator to continue upward. Also, to reach floor 62 or The Tip, one must transfer to an elevator at floor 61 using an encoded badge. The buildings three restaurants are on a plaza and only one has an inside entrance. The plaza and tunnel levels cant be reached by the main elevators and they also require an elevator transfer, in this case the parking-garage elevators on floor 4, or via the decorative staircase. The glass cupola at the buildings crest is not occupied space, list of tallest buildings in the United States Seattle Municipal Tower official website
19.
Safeco Plaza (Seattle)
–
Safeco Plaza, previously 1001 Fourth Avenue Plaza and the Seattle-First National Bank Building, is a 50-story,630 ft skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is referred to by locals as The Box the Space Needle Came In and it was the first class-A office building in Seattle. The company announced in 2015 that it would consolidate its offices into the tower, on July 6,2016, it was reported that German firm GLL Real Estate Partners GmbH agreed to buy the building for $387 million. The tower had previously sold in 2005 to CalPERS and Hines for $163 million
20.
Space Needle
–
The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and an icon of Seattle. It was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 Worlds Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is 605 ft high,138 ft wide, and weighs 9,550 tons. It is built to withstand winds of up to 200 miles per hour and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude and it also has 25 lightning rods. It has a deck at 520 ft and the rotating SkyCity restaurant at 500 ft. The downtown Seattle skyline, as well as the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above skyscrapers and Mount Rainier. Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at 10 miles per hour, on windy days, the elevators slow to 5 miles per hour. On April 19,1999, the citys Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark, the architecture of the Space Needle is the result of a compromise between the designs of two men, Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. The two leading ideas for the World Fair involved businessman Edward E. Carlsons sketch of a giant balloon tethered to the ground, victor Steinbrueck introduced the hourglass profile of the tower. The Space Needle was built to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph, the Mw 6.8 Nisqually earthquake jolted the Needle enough in 2001 for water to slosh out of the toilets in the restrooms. The Space Needle will not sustain structural damage during earthquakes of magnitudes below 9. Also made to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds, the Space Needle sways only 1 inch per 10 mph of wind speed. For decades, the disk of the Space Needle was home to two restaurants 500 ft above the ground, the Space Needle Restaurant, which was originally named Eye of the Needle. These were closed in 2000 to make way for SkyCity, a restaurant that features Pacific Northwest cuisine. It rotates 360 degrees in exactly forty-seven minutes, in 1993, the elevators were replaced with new computerized versions. The new elevators descend at a rate of 10 miles per hour, on December 31,1999, a powerful beam of light was unveiled for the first time. Called the Legacy Light or Skybeam, it is powered by lamps that total 85 million candela shining skyward from the top of the Space Needle to honor national holidays and special occasions in Seattle. The concept of this beam was derived from the official 1962 Worlds Fair poster and it is somewhat controversial because of the light pollution it creates. Originally planned to be turned on 75 nights per year, it has generally been used fewer than a dozen times per year
21.
Russell Investments Center
–
Russell Investments Center is a skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. After its completion, it was the largest skyscraper to mark the downtown Seattle skyline in nearly 15 years and it was originally named WaMu Center because it was built to become the new headquarters for Washington Mutual. Major construction ended in early 2006, with construction continuing into the fall. Tenants from Washington Mutual began to move into the tower in March 2006, on September 25,2008, Washington Mutual failed, and its assets and accounts were sold to JPMorgan Chase by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. On June 1,2009, the building was renamed Chase Center, on September 9,2009, the building was purchased by Northwestern Mutual of Milwaukee. Russell Investments, a Northwestern Mutual subsidiary, made the building its corporate headquarters upon relocation from Tacoma, Washington, in December 2014 Zillow became the largest tenant in the building. The architect for the tower is NBBJ, which also designed nearby Two Union Square, sellen Construction was the general contractor for the project. The tower is located at 1301 Second Avenue, on the corner from 1201 Third Avenue that was previously named Washington Mutual Tower. There is also a private 20,000 sq ft rooftop patio on the west half of the 17th floor for workers of the tower to take walks along the walking paths. The tower includes the Seattle Art Museum on the first four floors of the west half of the building, WaMu and SAM made an agreement where the museum may expand in two-floor increments up to the 12th floor over the next 20 years as needed. Dendreon Russell Investments Seattle Art Museum DocuSign Nordstrom Zillow En Masse Entertainment Russell Investments Center official website
22.
U.S. Bank Centre
–
US Bank Centre is a 177 m, 44-story skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. It opened as Pacific First Center and was constructed from 1987 to 1989 and it is currently the eighth tallest building in Seattle and was designed by Callison Architecture, who is also headquartered in the building. It contains 287,602 m² of office space, the public shopping area in the buildings lower levels has a permaanent collection of works by noted artists, funded by 1% setaside of the construction costs. The collection includes Flower Form 2 by Dale Chihuly, list of tallest buildings in Seattle
23.
Wells Fargo Center (Seattle)
–
Wells Fargo Center is a skyscraper in Seattle, in the U. S. state of Washington. Formerly named First Interstate Center when completed in 1983, the 47-storey, 175-meter tower is now the ninth-tallest building in the city, the design work was done by The McKinley Architects, and it was owned by Chicago-based Equity Office Properties Trust. In 2013 the building was purchased by Canadas Ivanhoe Cambridge from Beacon Capital Partners of Boston, the building was renamed after First Interstate Bancorp was taken over by Wells Fargo in 1986. The exterior façade Wells Fargo Center is composed of a six-sided, steel-framed tower that features a combination of tinted continuous double-glazed glass, as is common with buildings in downtown Seattle, the Wells Fargo Center rests on a slope. The eastern entrance facing Third Avenue is slightly more than two stories higher than the Western side facing Second Avenue, the building has three levels of outdoor plazas. Moss Adams Simburg Ketter List of tallest buildings in Seattle
24.
800 Fifth Avenue
–
800 Fifth Avenue is a 166-meter skyscraper in Seattle, in the U. S. state of Washington. It was constructed from 1979 to 1981 and has 42 floors and it is the ninth-tallest building in Seattle and was designed by 3D/International. The building has been able to retain a minimum of 98% occupancy since it was opened, the building was previously known as Bank of America Fifth Avenue Plaza when its naming rights were held by the Bank of America. It was originally built for Seafirst Bank, which was acquired by the Bank of America prior to the towers completion, in April 2014, its name was changed to 800 Fifth Avenue. List of tallest buildings in Seattle 800 Fifth Avenue at Hines Interests Limited Partnership
25.
901 Fifth Avenue
–
901 Fifth Avenue is a 163.38 m skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 1973 and has 42 floors and it is the 11th tallest building in Seattle, and was designed by John Graham and Associates. The building was opened as the Bank of California Building, flood lights illuminate all sides of the tower at night. It was renovated in 2007 and achieved LEED Certified Silver status, formerly the Union Bank of California Building, the name was changed to 901 Fifth Avenue following the sale by Beacon Capital Partners to Kennedy Wilson Inc. of Beverly Hills. From its opening in 1973 to July 2007 the building address was 900 Fourth Avenue, in 2016, the building was purchased by Schnitzer West, developer of the nearby Madison Centre, and Investcorp for $223.3 million. List of tallest buildings in Seattle
26.
Madison Centre
–
The Madison Centre is a 530-foot tall skyscraper under construction in Seattle, Washington. It is scheduled to be completed in 2017 and have 36 floors of office space totaling 950,000 square feet of leasable area. Upon its completion, it would be the eleventh tallest building in Seattle and it is located at the intersection of 5th Avenue and Madison Street in Downtown Seattle, adjacent to the Seattle Central Library and William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse. Schnitzer West bought the property at the site and hoped to begin construction of a skyscraper as early as 2008. In the meantime, however, the late-2000s recession struck the economy and consequently the fate of many real estate projects came under doubt. Further development of the project hinged on securing a sufficient number of preleases by 2009, in 2012, the project was revived and the developer began seeking permits to start construction. Demolition of the buildings on the site began in early September 2014. In February 2016, Touchstone Corporation announced that it would enter a joint venture with Schnitzer West to develop the Madison Centre, contributing $150 million in equity, list of tallest buildings in Seattle Official website
27.
Doppler (building)
–
Doppler, also known as Amazon Tower I, and Rufus 2.0 Block 14, is a 524-foot-tall office building in Seattle, Washington that houses the corporate headquarters of Amazon. com. The towers name, Doppler, refers to the codename of the Amazon Echo voice-controlled speaker that launched in 2014. The tower was topped out in February 2015 and opened on December 14,2015, the project, covering the entire three-block campus, is also on track to receive LEED Gold certification. The facade uses dichroic glass to reflect light in varying colors dependent on the time of the day, the site was once proposed for a 31-story mixed-use high-rise, known as the Seventh at Westlake Tower. However, the plans were canceled in 2012 after being on hold for four years, day 1 List of tallest buildings in Seattle
28.
Day 1 (building)
–
Day 1, also known as Amazon Tower II and Rufus 2.0 Block 19, is a 521-foot-tall office building in Seattle, Washington located at the intersection of Lenora Street and 7th Avenue. It is part of the complex that serves as the headquarters of Amazon in the Denny Triangle neighborhood. The name Day 1 previously belonged to two buildings on Amazons South Lake Union campus but both structures have since been renamed, the buildings east facade features a large sign reading Hello World. The construction project was the most expensive in the city to finish in 2016 amidst the recent downtown housing boom, the building also houses the prototype Amazon Go location, which opened to a private beta in December 2016. The Amazon campus, designed by Seattle architecture firm NBBJ, was approved by the Seattle Department of Planning, excavation on the 37-story Tower II began under the direction of Sellen Construction in 2014. It opened on November 7,2016, the project, covering the entire three-block campus, is also on track to receive LEED Gold certification. NBBJ intends the spheres to be the visual focus and ‘heart’” of Amazon’s headquarters. The design was showcased by Amazon in 2013, thereby scrapping an earlier plan intending to construct a six-story rectilinear office building in that same location, doppler List of tallest buildings in Seattle
29.
Rainier Tower
–
Rainier Tower is a 41-story,156.67 m skyscraper in the Metropolitan Tract of Seattle, Washington, at 1301 Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Minoru Yamasaki, who designed the World Trade Center in New York City as well as the IBM Building and its construction was completed in 1977. The skyscraper has an appearance, being built atop an 11-storey,37 m concrete pedestal base that tapers towards ground level. Beneath the tower is Rainier Square, a shopping mall connecting with One Union Square. Both the mall and tower were named after Rainier Bank, which was merged in the 1980s into Security Pacific. The tower was named after Security Pacific in 1989 until UW chose to rename it back to the more familiar Rainier Tower in 1995, locals often refer to it as the Beaver Building as its physical appearance looks like a tree being felled by a beaver. It had also referred to as the golf tee building. In 2015, the University of Washington proposed an 858 ft office tower to occupy space on the block as the Rainier Tower. The project also includes a twelve-story hotel, construction is expected to start in 2017. Rainier Tower at Unico Properties Rainier Tower at Nordarts
30.
Fourth and Madison Building
–
The Fourth and Madison Building is a 40-story skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is located at 925 Fourth Avenue, at the intersection with Madison Street, upon its completion in 2002, the late-modernist highrise was Seattles first building to exceed 500 ft in over a decade. In 2007, Fourth and Madison was awarded the BOMA International Office Building of the Year Award in the 500, the rooftop garden on the seventh floor is a privately owned public open space. Construction of the foundation required shoring around the Great Northern Tunnel, the tower also cantilevers 12 feet over the Downtown YMCA. Fourth & Madison at Hines Interests Limited Partnership IDX Tower Special Feature by Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce
31.
1918 Eighth Avenue
–
1918 Eighth Avenue is a 500 feet tall skyscraper in the Denny Regrade neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 2009 and has 36 floors, consisting mostly of office space, on August 25,2008, the tower gained its first tenant, law firm Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro. The firm leased 21,000 square feet of the building. com signed a lease for more than two-thirds of the office space. List of tallest buildings in Seattle Time-lapse video of 1918 Eighth Avenues construction
32.
1600 Seventh Avenue
–
Qwest Plaza, now officially known as 1600 Seventh, is a 32-story,152 m skyscraper in Seattle, Washington, completed in 1976 and designed by John Graham & Company. As of 2012 it is the 14th tallest building in the city, qwest Plaza was originally known as the Pacific Northwest Bell Building, and later 1600 Bell Plaza, and US West Communications. Centurylinks NW Regional President, Brian Stading issued a statement claiming that the tower was not a component of their business strategy. Seattle real estate company, The Urban Renaissance Group, represented Clarion in the sale, list of tallest buildings in Seattle
33.
Henry M. Jackson Federal Building
–
The Henry M. Jackson Federal Building is a 37-story United States Federal Government skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. Located on the bounded by Marion and Madison Streets and First and Second Avenues. It received its current name after the death of U. S, Senator Henry M. Jackson in 1983. Architects for the project were Bassetti/Norton/Metler/Rekevics and John Graham & Associates, among the structures torn down to build the federal building were the Richardsonian Romanesque Burke Building, the Hotel Stevens, and the Tivoli Theater, a burlesque house. It is located across from the Old Federal Building, the building serves as a courthouse for the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. Other occupants of the include the U. S. Treasury Department, U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs. In the 1970s, although Seattle already had two nearby federal buildings, the city needed another building to serve its citizens. Master architects John Graham & Associates and Fred Bassetti & Company, John Graham is best known for the design of Seattles Space Needle and as the innovator of revolving restaurants, which are featured in several of his designs. Fred Bassetti designed numerous landmark Seattle buildings, including the Seattle Aquarium, the Childrens Zoo at Woodland Park, haags revolutionary landscape designs in Washington State include Seattles Gas Works Park and the Bloedel Reserve on Bainbridge Island. Bassetti and Haag together championed the preservation of Seattles historic Pike Place Market in the 1960s and 1970s, construction commenced in 1971 and was completed in 1974. The late-nineteenth-century Burke Building, which existed on the site, was demolished to construct the Jackson Building, in 1984, the building was rededicated and named to honor Henry M. Scoop Jackson, a Democratic U. S. Congressman and Senator who is best remembered for contributing to and guiding environmental legislation and he also championed the protection and expansion of national parks and wilderness areas. The parcel of land is steep and slopes toward the waterfront, the site is the original location of the Romanesque Revival style Burke Building, which was constructed in the aftermath of the Great Seattle Fire. Local preservationists lobbied against the governments 1971 demolition of the Burke Building, although the project proceeded as planned, the architects incorporated architectural fragments of the landmark building into their design. The footprint of the building is square, however, the corners are all clipped. The steel-frame building is clad in pre-cast concrete with prominent vertical members, arched entrance arcades on the federal building allude to the Romanesque entry of the Burke Building. The buildings elevations are symmetrical and maintain a consistent geometric rhythm, twelve stories from the street, a band of concrete panels with honeycomb patterns adorns the building. The building has a solid concrete cornice around the top perimeter, a metal-clad hipped roof form, unusual for high-rise designs of this era, adds a decorative finish to the tower
34.
Smith Tower
–
Smith Tower is a skyscraper in Pioneer Square in Seattle, Washington. Completed in 1914, the 38-story,484 ft tower is the oldest skyscraper in the city and it was the tallest office building west of the Mississippi River until the completion of the Kansas City Power & Light Building in 1931. It remained the tallest building on the West Coast for nearly half a century until the Space Needle overtook it in 1962, Smith Tower is named after its builder, firearm and typewriter magnate Lyman Cornelius Smith, and is a designated Seattle landmark. During a trip to Seattle in 1909, Smith planned to build a 14-story building in Seattle. His son, Burns Lyman Smith, convinced him to build instead a much taller skyscraper to steal the crown from rival city Tacomas National Realty Building as the tallest west of the Mississippi River, over 4,000 Seattleites rode to the 35th floor on opening day. The Chinese Room, whose name was retired following the 2016 renovation, derived from the carved teak ceiling, the room was furnished by the last Empress of China, Cixi. Furnishings include the famous Wishing Chair, the chair incorporates a carved dragon and a phoenix, which, when combined, portends marriage. According to folklore, any wishful unmarried person who sits in it would be married within a year, the legend came true for Smiths daughter, who married in the Chinese Room itself. Ivar Haglund of Ivars restaurant fame bought the tower for $1.8 million in 1976, the Samis Foundation acquired the tower in 1996. In 2006, the building was purchased by Walton Street Capital, the building has been renovated twice, in 1986 and in 1999. In recent years companies have been occupants of Smith Tower. The burst of the dot-com bubble hurt Smith Tower by raising its vacancy rate to 26.1 percent, twice Seattles commercial vacancy rate, the Walt Disney Internet Group, for example, at the time reduced its seven floors to four. By 2007, the rate had rebounded to about 90 percent. In 2011 CBRE Group reported that they had purchased a 2006 $42.5 million mortgage in default on the Smith Tower, the loan was taken out by current owner Walton Street. When CBRE stepped in, the building was 70 percent vacant, its rent income was not covering its operating expenses, Smith Tower was sold to CBRE at a public foreclosure auction on March 23,2012. Also in 2012, Death Cab for Cutie frontman Benjamin Gibbard paid tribute to the Smith Tower in the song Teardrop Windows, in January 2015, Seattle-based real estate investment and operating company Unico Properties bought Smith Tower for $73.7 million. Later that year, the new owners stopped the tour and began remodeling the public areas, including the Chinese Room. Parts of the Chinese Room decor and furniture, such as the Wishing Chair, access to the bar without paying for the tour requires a cover charge of about half that price
35.
1111 Third Avenue
–
1111 Third Avenue is a 454 ft tall skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 1980 and has 34 floors, as of 2012 it is the 20th tallest building in Seattle, is owned by Ivanhoe Cambridge, and is operated by JLL. It has an award-winning outdoor landscaped area with seating and tables accented by statues by sculptor Robert Graham. The exterior of the building is composed of precast concrete with exposed aggregate surfaces and dual-glazed, list of tallest buildings in Seattle Emporis Skyscraperpage Official website
36.
Fifteen Twenty-One Second Avenue
–
Fifteen Twenty-One Second Avenue is a 134 m skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. Designed by Weber Thompson, it is a building with 38 stories. The building is located near the historic Pike Place Market, construction was completed in late 2008
37.
Cirrus (Seattle building)
–
Cirrus is a 440-foot tall residential skyscraper in the Denny Triangle neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. The building, named after the cloud, has 39 floors and is located at the intersection of Westlake Avenue, 8th Avenue. Construction on Cirrus, then known as 2030 8th Avenue, began in May 2013 and is expected to finish in 2015, the building was originally designed for condominiums but was reconfigured for smaller apartments by architects Weber Thompson after GID Development desired a move to the rental market. The building opened in October 2015, with the monthly rent for a 1-bedroom apartment at $2,903. GID Development is also developing a second apartment building named Stratus across Lenora Street from Cirrus, list of tallest buildings in Seattle Media related to Cirrus at Wikimedia Commons Official website GID Development Weber Thompson project page
38.
Insignia Towers
–
The buildings are mainly residential condominiums with lower-level shops. The project was approved in 2007, but was placed on hold during the late-2000s recession, it was revived in 2012. The North Tower was completed in 2015, and the South Tower was completed in 2016, the two towers have 707 residential units and 1,000 parking spaces. In 2007 Embassy Development bought the property and gained approval to build two 440 foot condo towers on it, the project was originally expected to be finished in 2011. However, the project was cancelled following the 2008 economic crisis, the property was transferred to Bosa Development, which, as of 2015, aims to construct the southern tower by 2015 and the northern tower by the end of 2016. Media related to Insignia Towers at Wikimedia Commons Official website
39.
Westin Building
–
The Westin Building Exchange is a major telecommunications hub facility located in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building got its name from the Westin hotel corporate office that made its home there when the building was first completed and it is also home to the Seattle Internet Exchange and Pacific Northwest Gigapops Pacific Wave Exchange. The facility has a pair of Meet-me Rooms on the 19th floor, tenants in the Westin Building Exchange who sell colocation and cloud services include Sabey Data Centers, Green House Data, and Apvio, Inc. National data center service provider Equinix is located adjacent to the building, the Westin Building Exchange official site Seattle Internet Exchange
