1.
Investigative journalism
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Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report, Investigative journalism is a primary source of information. Most investigative journalism is conducted by newspapers, wire services, practitioners sometimes use the term accountability reporting. In many cases, the subjects of the wish the matters under scrutiny to remain undisclosed. There are currently university departments for teaching investigative journalism, conferences are conducted presenting peer reviewed research into investigative journalism. American journalism textbooks point out that muckraking standards promoted by McClures Magazine around 1902, furthermore, the successes of the early muckrakers continued to inspire journalists. John M. Crewdson of the Chicago Tribune wrote a 1996 article proposing the installment of defibrillators on American airliners, Crewdson argued that based on his research and analysis, Medical kits and defibrillators would be economically justified if they saved just 3 lives each year. Soon after the publication, airlines began installing defibrillators on planes. Ten years after installing defibrillators, American Airlines reported that 80 lives had been saved by the machines. S, since the 1980s has been accompanied by massive cuts in the budgets for investigative journalism. A2002 study concluded that investigative journalism has all but disappeared from the nations commercial airwaves, the major media conglomerates have found ways to retain their audience without the risks of offending advertisers inherent in investigative journalism. C. Raising Hell, Straight Talk with Investigative Journalists, by Ron Chepesiuk, Haney Howell, tell Me No Lies, Investigative Journalism That Changed the World, John Pilger, ed.2005
2.
Bias
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Bias is an inclination or outlook to present or hold a partial perspective, often accompanied by a refusal to consider the possible merits of alternative points of view. Biases can be learned implicitly within cultural contexts, biased means one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind. Bias can come in forms and is related to prejudice. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error, statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average. A cognitive bias is a repeating or basic misstep in thinking, assessing, recollecting and that is, a pattern of deviation from standards in judgment, whereby inferences may be created unreasonably. People create their own subjective social reality from their own perceptions, thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality. However some cognitive biases are taken to be adaptive, and thus may lead to success in the appropriate situation, furthermore, cognitive biases may allow speedier choices when speed is more valuable than precision. Other cognitive biases are a by-product of human processing limitations, coming about because of an absence of appropriate mental mechanisms, anchoring is a psychological heuristic that describes the propensity to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions. According to this heuristic, individuals begin with an implicitly suggested reference point, apophenia, also known as patternicity, or agenticity, is the human tendency to perceive meaningful patterns within random data. Apophenia is well documented as a rationalization for gambling, gamblers may imagine that they see patterns in the numbers which appear in lotteries, card games, or roulette wheels. One manifestation of this is known as the gamblers fallacy, pareidolia is the visual or auditory form of apophenia. It has been suggested that combined with hierophany may have helped ancient societies organize chaos. An attribution bias can happen when individuals assess or attempt to discover explanations behind their own, people make attributions about the causes of their own and others’ behaviors, but these attributions dont necessarily precisely reflect reality. Rather than operating as objective perceivers, individuals are inclined to perceptual slips that prompt biased understandings of their social world, there are a wide range of sorts of attribution biases, such as the ultimate attribution error, fundamental attribution error, actor-observer bias, and self-serving bias. The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs, people also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position. Biased search, interpretation and memory have been invoked to explain attitude polarization, belief perseverance, confirmation biases contribute to overconfidence in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. Poor decisions due to these biases have been found in political and organizational contexts, framing involves the social construction of social phenomena by mass media sources, political or social movements, political leaders, and so on. It is an influence over how people organize, perceive, and it can be positive or negative - depending on the audience and what kind of information is being presented
3.
Dairy
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A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption. A dairy is located on a dedicated dairy farm or in a section of a multi-purpose farm that is concerned with the harvesting of milk. For example, in the United States, the dairy farm is commonly called a dairy. The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is called a milking parlor or parlor. The farm area where milk is stored in tanks is known as the farms milk house. Milk is then hauled to a plant, also referred to as a dairy. In New Zealand, farm areas for milk harvesting are also called milking parlours, as in the United States, sometimes milking sheds are referred to by their type, such as herring bone shed or pit parlour. Parlour design has evolved from simple barns or sheds to large structures in which the workflow is very efficiently handled. This on-site processing is a method of producing specialist milk products. In New Zealand English the singular use of the word dairy almost exclusively refers to a corner shop and this usage is historical as such shops were a common place for the public to buy milk products. As an attributive, the word refers to milk-based products, derivatives and processes. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products and these establishments constitute the global dairy industry, a component of the food industry. Milk producing animals have been domesticated for thousands of years, initially, they were part of the subsistence farming that nomads engaged in. As the community moved about the country, their animals accompanied them, protecting and feeding the animals were a big part of the symbiotic relationship between the animals and the herders. In the more recent past, people in agricultural societies owned dairy animals that they milked for domestic and local consumption, the animals might serve multiple purposes. In this case the animals were normally milked by hand and the size was quite small. These tasks were performed by a dairymaid or dairyman, the word dairy harkens back to Middle English dayerie, deyerie, from deye and further back to Old English dæge. With industrialisation and urbanisation, the supply of milk became an industry, with specialised breeds of cattle being developed for dairy
4.
Pharmaceutical industry
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The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices and they are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting, testing, safety, efficacy and marketing of drugs. The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources, the first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Multinational corporations including Merck, Hoffman-La Roche, Burroughs-Wellcome, Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly, in 1897, John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. Injected epinephrine proved to be efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks. By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion, while highly effective, the requirement for injection limited the use of norepinephrine and orally active derivatives were sought. A structurally similar compound, ephedrine, was identified by Japanese chemists in the Ma Huang plant, following the work of Henry Dale and George Barger at Burroughs-Wellcome, academic chemist Gordon Alles synthesized amphetamine and tested it in asthma patients in 1929. The drug proved to have only modest anti-asthma effects, but produced sensations of exhilaration, amphetamine was developed by Smith, Kline and French as a nasal decongestant under the trade name Benzedrine Inhaler. Amphetamine was eventually developed for the treatment of narcolepsy, post-encepheletic parkinsonism, the discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904. Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy. A series of experiments performed from the late 1800s to the early 1900s revealed that diabetes is caused by the absence of a substance produced by the pancreas. In 1869, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering found that diabetes could be induced in dogs by surgical removal of the pancreas. In 1921, Canadian professor Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best repeated this study, the researchers sought assistance from industrial collaborators at Eli Lilly and Co. based on the companys experience with large scale purification of biological materials. Chemist George Walden of Eli Lilly and Company found that careful adjustment of the pH of the extract allowed a relatively pure grade of insulin to be produced, prior to the discovery and widespread availability of insulin therapy the life expectancy of diabetics was only a few months. In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan, arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity. Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage
5.
Cowspiracy
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Cowspiracy, The Sustainability Secret is a 2014 documentary film produced and directed by Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn. The film explores the impact of agriculture on the environment. Environmental organizations investigated in the film include Greenpeace, Sierra Club, Surfrider Foundation, Rainforest Action Network, the film was crowdfunded on IndieGoGo, with 1,449 contributors giving $117,092. This funding was 217% of their goal, and it allowed them to dub the film into Spanish and German and subtitle it into more than 10 other languages, including Chinese, screenings are licensed through the distributor as well as on Tugg. A new cut of the documentary, executive-produced by Leonardo DiCaprio, journalist Chris Hedges stated that this film led him to become a vegan. It was also nominated for Cinema Politica’s 2015 Audience Choice Award, doug Boucher, reviewing the film for the Union of Concerned Scientists, disputed the films claim that 51% of global greenhouse gases are caused by animal agriculture. Boucher describes the 51% figure as being sourced from a 2009 Worldwatch Institute report by Robert Goodland and Jeff Anhang, Boucher claims the scientific consensus is that livestock contribute 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions - far lower than the 51% claimed by the film
6.
Indiegogo
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Indiegogo /ˌɪndiˈɡoʊɡoʊ/ is an international crowdfunding website founded in 2008 by Danae Ringelmann, Slava Rubin, and Eric Schell. Its headquarters are in San Francisco, California, the site is one of the first sites to offer crowd funding. Indiegogo allows people to solicit funds for an idea, charity, Indiegogo charges a 5% fee on contributions. This charge is in addition to card and PayPal charges that range from 3. 5% to 9%. Fifteen million people visit the site each month, in 2014, Indiegogo launched Indiegogo Life, a service that people can use to raise money for emergencies, medical expenses, celebrations, or other life events. Indiegogo Life did not charge a platform fee, in 2015 Indiegogo Life was renamed to Generosity. com. Donors use solely credit cards to donate, and processing is conducted by Stripe, stripes processing fees of 3% plus 30 cents of every donation still apply. In 2002, while working as an analyst on Wall Street, though the performance was popular with audiences, there was little financial incentive available, and Ringelmann decided to seek alternative revenue streams. Ringelmann was originally inspired to work with independent filmmakers and theater producers after a filmmaker 50 years her senior saw she worked at JPMorgan, in 2006, Ringelmann went on to the Haas School of Business to start a company she felt would democratize fundraising. There she met Eric Schell and Slava Rubin, who had had experiences with fundraising. Schell had previously worked with The House Theater Company in Chicago, while Rubin had started a charity fundraiser for cancer research, Ringelmann, Schell, and Rubin developed their concept in 2007, under the name Project Keiyaku. The site officially launched at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2008, in June 2010, MTV New Media partnered with Indiegogo to develop new content from the sites projects. In September 2011, the company raised a $1.5 million Series Seed financing round, led by Metamorphic Ventures, ff Venture Capital, MHS Capital and Steve Schoettler, Zyngas co-founder. In February 2012, President Barack Obamas Startup America partnered with Indiegogo to offer crowdfunding to entrepreneurs in the U. S, in June 2012, Indiegogo raised a $15 million Series A round from Insight Ventures, Khosla Ventures and Steve Schoettler, Zyngas co-founder. In January 2014, a Series B round of funding added $40 million to bring the total capital raised to $56.5 million. In an interview with Film Threat, Rubin said the site is “. all about allowing anybody to raise money for any idea. ”Users can create a page for their campaign, set up an account with PayPal, make a list of perks for different levels of investment. Users publicize the projects themselves—through Facebook, Twitter and similar platforms, the site levies a 5% fee for successful campaigns. For campaigns that fail to raise their target amount, users have the option of either refunding all money to their contributors at no charge or keeping all money raised minus a 9% fee
7.
Vimeo
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Vimeo is a video-sharing website in which users can upload, share and view videos. It was the first video sharing site to support high-definition video, Vimeo was founded in November 2004 by Jake Lodwick and Zach Klein. Vimeo was founded in November 2004 by Jake Lodwick and Zach Klein, the name Vimeo was created by Lodwick, as a play on the words video and me. Vimeo is also an anagram of the word movie, IAC purchased Vimeo in August 2006, as part of its acquisition of Connected Ventures. In January 2009, Dae Mellencamp joined IAC as general manager of Vimeo and she served as CEO until March 19,2012, when Kerry Trainor joined Vimeo as CEO. As of December 2013, Vimeo attracts more than 100 million unique visitors per month, fifteen percent of Vimeo’s traffic comes from mobile devices. As of February 2013, Vimeo accounted for 0. 11% of all Internet bandwidth, following fellow video sharing sites YouTube, the community of Vimeo includes indie filmmakers and their fans. The Vimeo community has adopted the name Vimeans, meaning a member of the Vimeo community, usually one who is active, the White House posts high-definition versions of its broadcasts to Vimeo. Vimeo has helped to offload traffic from Improv Everywheres servers after new pranks are announced, Vimeo was also the original location of Noah Kalinas everyday video, a popular viral video. On July 21,2008, Vimeo announced that it would no longer allow gaming videos, Vimeo cited a few reasons, including that the unusually long duration of gaming videos was holding back transcoder wait times, existing gaming videos were deleted on September 1,2008. The ban was lifted in October 2014, until then, all new uploads were subject to the rule, but machinima videos with a story of their own were still permitted. On December 2,2015, Vimeo released an update which will see 4K streaming technology rolling out within the first quarter of 2016, the Vimeo app, available for iOS and Android allows for video playback and limited user account management. On October 9,2007, Vimeo announced support for high definition playback in 1280×720, uploaded HD videos were automatically converted into 720/30p VP6 Flash video. Since August 2010, all videos are encoded into H.264 for HTML5 support, all videos uploaded before were re-encoded. Non-Plus users can upload up to 500 MB of videos per week, non-HD videos re-encode at a maximum of 30 frame/s but suffer in general video image quality, which is inline with the low bitrate for videos in the 640×360 size. Usually the video content is re-encoded to bitrate below 0.5 Mbit/s and this is not enough to reproduce the fine details that can be captured from, e. g. a consumer video camera or a smartphone. Vimeo began its service with free accounts, limited to 20 MB of disk space weekly. This limit was raised to 30 MB in 2006, then to 250 MB in January 2007, in July 2006, Vimeo Plus launched for $44. 95/year
8.
Michael Greger
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He is a vegan and creator of NutritionFacts. org. Greger went to college at Cornell University School of Agriculture, where as a junior he wrote informally about the dangers of bovine spongiform encephalopathy on a website he published in 1994. In the same year he was hired to work on mad cow issues for Farm Sanctuary, near Cornell and he went to Tufts University School of Medicine, originally for its MD/PhD program, but he withdrew from the dual degree program and only pursued the medical degree. He graduated in 1999 as a general practitioner specializing in clinical nutrition, in 2004 he launched a website and published a book critical of the Atkins Diet and other low carb diets. In 2004, the American College Of Lifestyle Medicine was formed in Loma Linda, in 2005 he joined the farm animal welfare division of the Humane Society as director of public health and animal agriculture. In 2011, he founded the website NutritionFacts. org with funding from the Jesse & Julie Rasch Foundation, heart Failure, Diary of a Third-Year Medical Student Carbophobia, The Scary Truth Behind Americas Low Carb Craze
9.
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
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The Physicians Committee releases an annual report ranking the healthfulness of hospital food. The Physicians Committee also encourages hospitals to replace fast food with more healthful options, in January 2016, the Physicians Committee placed billboards that read “Eat More Chickpeas” near hospitals with Chick-fil-As. In May 2016, the Physicians Committee spoke before the board of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta and erected billboards that read “Ask Your Local Hospital to Go #FastFoodFree. ”In June 2016, Grady announced that its McDonald’s was shutting down. In October 2015, the Physicians Committee placed billboards reading “#CholesterolKills” near the Texas home offices of Agriculture Committee chairman Rep. K. Michael Conaway. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans released in January 2016 retained recommendations for Americans to limit cholesterol consumption. ”Since 2011, the Physicians Committee has urged Wayne State University to end its heart failure experiments on dogs. ”In 2015, Wayne State alumna and actress Lily Tomlin joined the Physicians Committee in urging Wayne State to end its dog experiments. I urge you to end these senseless experiments as soon as possible. ”The Physicians Committee also placed billboards in Detroit that told the story of Madonna, one of the dogs who died in the heart failure experiments. ”Over the years, the Physicians Committee demonstrated and placed billboards leading to the decision. The announcement followed the recent decision by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine to end live animal use in its surgery skills training, in 2014, the Physicians Committee doctor members demonstrated outside of the university. In February 2016, the Physicians Committee worked with Maryland State Delegate Shane Robinson to introduce a bill to end the practice in Maryland, on May 18,2016, the Baltimore Sun reported that Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine would stop using live animals. Since 2007, the Physicians Committee has urged reform of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, on June 22,2015, President Barack Obama signed into law the Frank R. The Physicians Committee supported passage of this law, the Physicians Committee promotes health benefits of vegetarian or vegan diets. PCRM highlights what it says are the benefits of avoiding dairy products. The New York Times writes that, in 2004, the Physicians Committee passed Dr. Robert Atkinss medical report to the Wall Street Journal. The report, obtained by Dr. Richard Fleming of the Fleming Heart and Health Institute, showed that Atkins himself had experienced heart attack, congestive heart failure, and weight problems. Atkins supporters countered that there was no reason to think that his problem was diet related. The Physicians Committee has also spoken out against the Las Vegas restaurant Heart Attack Grill and its menu offers burgers containing more than 9,000 calories, a diner has been hospitalized, and the unofficial spokesman died of a heart attack. The Physicians Committee advertising campaign I was lovin it is a spoof of the McDonalds advertising slogan Im lovin it and was used in a September 2010 advertising campaign. The group highlighted the high levels of fat and sodium in products such as the Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese Extra Value Meal, the organization was considering plans to roll out the campaign to Chicago, Detroit, Houston and Los Angeles. The Physicians Committee plans to lobby Washington mayor Adrian Fenty to impose a ban on the construction of new fast-food dining establishments in the city
10.
American College of Cardiology
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The American College of Cardiology, based in Washington, D. C. is a nonprofit medical association established in 1949. The ACC bestows credentials upon cardiovascular specialists who meet its qualifications, education is a core component of the College, which also states it is active in the formulation of health policy and a supporter of cardiovascular research. The American College of Cardiology was chartered and incorporated as an institution in 1949. In 2006, the College relocated to Washington, D. C. s West End neighborhood, past papers for the institution are held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. The ACC is governed by its officers, including the President, President-Elect, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer, members of the Board of Governors serve as grassroots liaisons between the local chapters and the College’s national headquarters. The President serves a one-year term, the table below shows the presidents of the ACC since 1989. At least 75 percent of professional activities must be devoted to the field of cardiovascular disease and those achieving highest distinction in the field are awarded the title Master of the American College of Cardiology, a title bestowed upon a maximum of three practicing cardiologists each year. The ACC maintains 51 chapters in the U. S. chapters are legally distinct entities from national ACC and do not share budgets or staffing. However, as of 2008, national members automatically become members of a local chapter, as early as the 1980s, the ACC partnered with the American Heart Association to develop the first clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular practice. In the 1990s, the ACC used the guidelines to lay the groundwork for studies documenting discrepancies best, the ACC works with national organizations such as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute to continually develop and update these guidelines. In addition, the ACC has submitted its measures to the National Quality Forum, the College has also collaborated with specialty societies to undertake the task of developing and publishing clinical data standards. Clinical data standards developed include those for acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, appropriate use criteria on coronary revascularization have also been developed. The ACC’s National Cardiovascular Data Registry is a source for measuring and quantifying outcomes. Data from NCDR is used in select pay-for-reporting and/or performance programs to demonstrate the benefits, to date, the ACC has developed five hospital-based cardiovascular registries. In addition, the PINNACLE Registry™ is the nation’s first and largest practice-based cardiovascular registry, in 2011, the ACC and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons launched the STS/ACC TVT Registry™, which tracks transcatheter valve therapy procedures. Currently several key quality initiatives are underway to translate science into practice. These projects include the Door to Balloon Alliance, Hospital to Home, launched in 2009, H2H seeks to examine and address readmission problems. The ACC Foundation offers a variety of programs and products tailored to the needs of clinicians in a variety of specialty areas at all stages of their careers
11.
John A. McDougall
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John A. McDougalls diet—The McDougall Plan—has been categorized as a fad diet that carries some disadvantages, such as a boring food choice and the risk of feeling hungry. He was born on May 17,1947, McDougall is a graduate of Michigan State Universitys College of Human Medicine. He performed his internship at Queens Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1972 and he is certified as an internist by the Board of Internal Medicine and the National Board of Medical Examiners. In 1965, at age 18, McDougall suffered a massive stroke, between 1973 and 1976, McDougall worked as a physician at the Hamakua Sugar Plantation on Hawaii Island. Between 1986 and 2002, he launched a vegetarian dietary program at St. Helena Hospital in the Napa Valley, between 1999 and 2001, he ran a dietary program for the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association in Minneapolis, Minnesota. McDougall is on the board of Naked Food Magazine, for which he is also a regular contributor of articles espousing a plant-based diet. In 2002, McDougall began the McDougall Program at the Flamingo Resort in Santa Rosa, the McDougall Program is a 10-day residential treatment program based in Santa Clara, California which features a low fat starch based diet. McDougall is the co-founder and chairman of San Francisco based Dr. McDougalls Right Foods Inc. which produces dried and packaged soups, and is manufactured by the SF Spice Co. McDougalls namesake diet, The McDougall Plan, has been categorized as a fad diet with possible disadvantages including a boring food choice, flatulence, and the risk of feeling hungry. McDougall has written books, with his wife Mary contributing recipes. As of 2012 six books remained in print, McDougall, John, McDougall, the McDougall Program,12 Days to Dynamic Health. The McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss, the McDougall Quick and Easy Cookbook. Encyclopedia of Diet Fads, Understanding Science and Society
12.
Michele Simon
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Michele Simon, JD, MPH is a public health lawyer who has been researching and writing about the food industry and food politics since 1996. Her work has featured on CNBC, CBS News, The New York Times, San Francisco Chronicle, Chicago Tribune, Reuters. She has written extensively on the politics of food, and her first book, Appetite for Profit, How the Food Industry Undermines Our Health, Simon also researches and writes about the alcohol industry. Early in her career, Simon wrote about the politics of food for numerous publications, on issues as genetically engineered foods, organic standards. In 2000, Simon founded the organization, Center for Informed Food Choices to educate people about eating plant-based foods. From 2007 to 2011, Simon served as research and policy director for the Marin Institute, Simon testified before Congress in support of HR5034, the Comprehensive Alcohol Regulatory Enforcement Act. Her 2007 report on alcoholic energy drinks led to action to ban the products. Simon founded Eat Drink Politics in 2011, a food and alcohol industry watchdog consulting firm that helps advocates, policymakers, the firm’s clients include Center for Food Safety, Corporate Accountability International, and Reese Richman. Simon currently serves on the committee for the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood. In 2013, Simon was awarded the National Association of Nutrition Professional’s Community Award, michele Simon’s first book, Appetite for Profit, How the Food Industry Undermines Our Health and How to Fight Back, was published by Nation Books in 2006. Simon regularly contributes to various such as The Huffington Post, Grist. Simon has authored articles in academic journals, including the City University of New York Law Review, Food and Drug Law Journal, Duke Law Journal. Simon has also published major reports exposing the food and alcohol industries and her 2007 report on alcoholic energy drinks led to federal action to ban the products. Simon’s “Food Stamps, Follow the Money” report on food stamps brought attention to industry lobbying, “And Now a Word from Our Sponsors, ” covered by the New York Times, highlighted corporate sponsorships in the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Simon has appeared on national TV stations such as CNN, CBS, MSNBC, CNBC and she has been quoted in newspapers such as the New York Times, USA Today, and ABC News. Simon has lectured at New York University, Yale University, Stanford University and she taught semester-long courses in health policy as an adjunct professor at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law and alcohol policy at the University of California, Berkeley. Simon was raised in New York City and lives in Oakland, California with her partner, marion Nestle Anna Lappe Raj Patel Michael Pollan Mark Bittman Eric Schlosser
13.
Steve-O
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Stephen Gilchrist Glover, better known by his stage name Steve-O, is a Canadian-British-American stunt performer, comedian, animal-rights activist, and television personality. His entertainment career is mostly centered on his stunts on the American TV series Jackass, its related movies. Steve-O is known for his eccentric character, Steve-O was born in Wimbledon, London. His mother, Donna Gay, was Canadian, and his father and his paternal grandfather was English and his maternal step-grandfather was voice-over announcer Wayne Howell. His family was based in England for many due to his fathers presidency of the South American division of Pepsi-Cola. Childhood residencies include Canada, Brazil and Venezuela and he also lived in Darien, Connecticut, at the age of four, then Miami two years later. At age nine his family returned to London where Steve-O attended the American School in London in St. Johns Wood for four years, growing up, he was an avid Mötley Crüe fan. In 1987, Mötley Crüe was playing at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto where his family was living at the time and he phoned every hotel within and outside the vicinity until he found the name that the band usually checked in under, manager Doc McGhee. He attended the University of Miami but dropped out one year due to poor grades. He also attended the University of New Mexico from 1996-1997 and he then attended and graduated from the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Clown College in 1997. After graduation he was not selected to join the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus and he filmed his stunts, including his clown performances, throughout this period. His mother, Donna, died on November 7,2003, while performing in the flea market circus, Steve-O began sending videos of himself to Big Brother Magazine editor and future Jackass director Jeff Tremaine. After admitting that the thing he was scared of was spiders, Tremaine recruited Steve-O for MTVs television series Jackass. MTV has subsequently released five movies based on the series, Jackass, The Movie, Jackass Number Two, direct-home release Jackass 2.5, Jackass 3D, and Jackass 3.5. The installments Jackass, The Movie, Jackass Number Two, Jackass 3D, in 2001, he released Dont Try This at Home on DVD, which contained material MTV censored. It went on to sell 140,000 copies and he toured promoting the DVD doing stunts, which was filmed and released as Dont Try This at Home Volume 2, The Tour. In 2003, Steve-O toured Europe with Bam Margera, a friend, on May 22,2003 Steve-O was arrested and jailed while in Sweden due to footage of himself swallowing a condom containing cannabis to get it past authorities while flying on a plane. He then regurgitated it live on stage, which he showed in his DVD Steve-O, Steve-O reached a deal with the Swedish prosecutors and was released on May 27,2003 after paying a 45,000 kronor fine
14.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, often cited as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II, post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile along the bank of the Charles River basin. The Institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the sciences and engineering, and more recently in biology, economics, linguistics. Air Force and 6 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT, the school has a strong entrepreneurial culture, and the aggregated revenues of companies founded by MIT alumni would rank as the eleventh-largest economy in the world. In 1859, a proposal was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use newly filled lands in Back Bay, Boston for a Conservatory of Art and Science, but the proposal failed. A charter for the incorporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rogers, a professor from the University of Virginia, wanted to establish an institution to address rapid scientific and technological advances. The Rogers Plan reflected the German research university model, emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research, as well as instruction oriented around seminars, two days after the charter was issued, the first battle of the Civil War broke out. After a long delay through the war years, MITs first classes were held in the Mercantile Building in Boston in 1865, in 1863 under the same act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts founded the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which developed as the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1866, the proceeds from sales went toward new buildings in the Back Bay. MIT was informally called Boston Tech, the institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker. Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced, new buildings were built, the curriculum drifted to a vocational emphasis, with less focus on theoretical science. The fledgling school still suffered from chronic financial shortages which diverted the attention of the MIT leadership, during these Boston Tech years, MIT faculty and alumni rebuffed Harvard University president Charles W. Eliots repeated attempts to merge MIT with Harvard Colleges Lawrence Scientific School. There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard, in its cramped Back Bay location, MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. Eventually the MIT Corporation approved an agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students. However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme, the neoclassical New Technology campus was designed by William W. Bosworth and had been funded largely by anonymous donations from a mysterious Mr. Smith, starting in 1912. In January 1920, the donor was revealed to be the industrialist George Eastman of Rochester, New York, who had invented methods of production and processing
15.
David Carter (defensive lineman)
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David Carter is an American football defensive end and vegan activist. He is currently a free agent and he was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at UCLA, Carter attended Henry J. Kaiser High School in Fontana, California. In his senior season, he registered 69 tackles,7 sacks and 9 pass deflections in 13 games and he was later named for the first-team All-San Bernardino County by the Riverside Press-Enterprise. He was also an All-League selection as an end, and as team captain. Carter also lettered in Track And Field and was a member of the debate team. Carter played just three games over his first two years at UCLA, before appearing in all 12 games in the 2008 season, Carter was a co-defensive winner of UCLAs Captain Don Brown Memorial Award for Most Improved Player in 2009 for the Bruins. In his senior season, he recorded 41 Total Tackles while collecting 3.5 sacks for the Bruins which propelled him to win the UCLA Kenneth S. Washington Award for Outstanding Senior, Carter was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He spent two seasons with the Cardinals, starting just four games and totaling one sack and 17 total tackles, Carter signed with the Dallas Cowboys in 2013, appearing in three games for the Cowboys. Carter was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on August 2,2014, the Jaguars released Carter on August 24,2014. The Chicago Bears signed Carter to a contract on July 28,2015. On September 5,2015, he was released by the Bears, david Carter is a vegan and an animal rights activist. He became vegan in 2014 after watching the documentary Forks Over Knives and he advocates for veganism and animal rights at speaking engagements and on his website. He and his wife Paige Carter are on the staff of Vegan Outreach, list of vegans The 300 lb Vegan, Carters official site for promotion of vegan athletics Arizona Cardinals bio Chicago Bears News Article UCLA Bruins football bio
16.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
17.
American Ninja Warrior
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American Ninja Warrior is an American sports entertainment competition spin-off of the Japanese television series Sasuke. The series began on the cable channel G4 and now airs on NBC with encore episodes airing on Esquire Network. To date only two competitors, rock-climbers Isaac Caldiero and Geoff Britten, have won the course and achieved Total Victory, Caldiero is the only competitor to win the cash prize. The series has been renewed for a ninth season, American Ninja Warrior succeeded G4s American Ninja Challenge as the qualifying route for Americans to enter Sasuke. American Ninja Warrior was originally hosted by G4s American television personality Blair Herter, in the second season, American actor, comedian, and television host Matt Iseman joined the show, replacing the former host, Blair Herter. Additionally, Jimmy Smith was brought in as a co-host, while Alison Haislip was demoted to sideline reporter, the panel remained the same throughout season three. For season four, skier Jonny Moseley was brought in as a new co-host, also, American journalist, sportscaster, and documentary filmmaker Angela Sun replaced former sideline reporter, Alison Haislip. For season five, two newcomers were added, former NFL football player and sports analyst Akbar Gbaja-Biamila replaced season four co-host, Jonny Moseley, while ESPN sportscaster and model Jenn Brown replaced Angela Sun as sideline reporter. The season five panel remained the same through the sixth season, for season seven, CBS Sports reporter Kristine Leahy joined the show as the new sideline reporter, replacing Jenn Brown. The current panel consists of Matt Iseman, Akbar Gbaja-Biamila, potential contestants go through a rigorous series of steps before the possibility of becoming the next American Ninja Warrior. Over 3,500 athletes have attempted to conquer Mount Midoriyama, there are some requirements possible contestants have to meet before participating at a regional qualifier. Contestants must be residents of the United States of America. There is no age limit, but participants must be at least 21 years old. Contestants have to fill out a 20-page questionnaire and make a video about themselves, the required length of the video has differed over the years. Submission video length requirements have varied from 2–8 minutes, depending on the season, producers select 100 applicants from each region to participate in their regional qualifiers. 20-30 walk-ons who in some cases wait for weeks camping outside are also selected by producers to get a chance on the course. 1,000 people applied to compete in one,5,000 people in season six,50,000 in season seven. City finals courses are the follow-up to each city qualifying course, qualifying and finals courses are filmed back-to-back, usually over two days
18.
Skeptical movement
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The skeptical movement is a modern social movement promoting the idea of scientific skepticism. The process followed is referred to as skeptical inquiry. Medical quackery was also targeted by such as the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij. The Belgian Comité Para has been deemed the oldest broad mandate skeptical organization, using that organization as a template, in 1976, Paul Kurtz and Marcello Truzzi founded the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry in Amherst, New York. The North American skeptical organization, which provides journals and publications, Scientific skepticism is different from philosophical skepticism, which questions our ability to claim any knowledge about the nature of the world and how we perceive it. Methodological skepticism, a process of being skeptical about the truth of ones beliefs, is similar. The New Skepticism described by Paul Kurtz is scientific skepticism, for example, Robert K. Merton asserts that all ideas must be tested and are subject to rigorous, structured community scrutiny. According to Hammer, the forebears of the modern skeptical movement are rather to be found among the many writers throughout history who have argued against beliefs they did not share. Skepticism values method over any particular conclusion, Skepticism is a provisional approach to claims. It is the application of reason to any and all ideas—no sacred cows allowed, in other words, skepticism is a method, not a position. With regard to the social movement, Loxton refers to other movements already promoting humanism, atheism, rationalism, science education. He saw the demand for the new movement of people called skeptics — being based on a lack of interest by the scientific community to address paranormal. In line with Kendrick Frazier, he describes the movement as a surrogate in that area for institutional science, the movement in so far set up a distinct field of study and provided an organizational structure, while long-standing genre of individual skeptical activities lacked such a community and background. However, skeptical organizations do typically tend to have education and promotion among their goals. Scientific skeptics maintain that empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth, Scientific skeptics attempt to evaluate claims based on verifiability and falsifiability and discourage accepting claims on faith or anecdotal evidence. Skeptics often focus their criticism on claims they consider to be implausible, Skepticism in general may be deemed part of the scientific method, for instance an experimental result is not regarded as established until it can be shown to be repeatable independently. Some leaders of the movement, including Harris, Hitchens, Dawkins, the movement has had issues with sexism. It was raised in a 1985 skeptic newsletter by Mary Coulman and this became known as Elevatorgate, based on Watsons discussion about being propositioned in a hotel elevator in the early morning after a skeptic event
19.
Harriet A. Hall
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Harriet A. Hall is an American retired family physician, former U. S. Air Force flight surgeon and skeptic who writes about alternative medicine and quackery for Skeptic and Skeptical Inquirer. Hall received her B. A. and M. D. from the University of Washington and she was only the second woman to do her internship in the Air Force and was the first female graduate of the Air Force family practice residency at Eglin Air Force Base. Hall says she was a skeptic for quite some time, only reading the literature. She met Wallace Sampson at the Skeptics Toolbox workshop in Oregon and he convinced her to write an article for the Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine testing so-called Vitamin O products she had seen advertised in the mail. She then began writing articles for Skeptical Inquirer, when she spoke to Michael Shermer at The Amazing Meeting about the book The God Code, he encouraged her to write a review of it for Skeptic Magazine. She wrote other articles for publication, and since late 2006 she has had a regular column in it titled The SkepDoc. This is also the name of her web site, before the Toolbox, I had not done any writing. One thing led to another and now Im on the faculty of the Skeptics Toolbox and she has been an outspoken critic of alternative medicine, often questioning its effectiveness. If it were shown to be effective, it would be part of regular medicine. In her work she emphasizes the importance of following the evidence for or against any remedy. When asked about the anti-cold remedy Airborne she said, Theres more evidence for chicken soup than for Airborne, in the absence of any credible double-blind studies to support the claims for Airborne, Ill stick to hand washing. She has also criticized the U. S. Army for its use of acupuncture and she has publicly criticized the recommendations and products of Daniel G. Amen in an article at Quackwatch and elsewhere, saying Amens recommendations defy science, common sense and she has also criticized many other proponents of alternative therapies, including Andrew Weil. She is an advisor to Quackwatch and an Associate Editor of the Science-Based Medicine blog and she has spoken at the Science-Based Medicine Conference and The Amazing Meeting 7, among other venues in 2009. She has been interviewed on such as The Reality Check, Skepticality. In 2008 she published an autobiography focusing on her experiences as a surgeon in the U. S. Air Force. As a female physician, Air Force officer, pilot and flight surgeon she was a minority in several respects, and encountered prejudice. The title of the book refers to an incident after her first solo flight when an official told her
20.
Veganism
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Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan, distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism. Dietary vegans refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances. The term ethical vegan is often applied to those who not only follow a diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives. Donald Watson coined the term vegan in 1944 when he co-founded the Vegan Society in England, at first he used it to mean non-dairy vegetarian, but from 1951 the society defined it as the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals. Interest in veganism increased in the 2010s, more vegan stores opened, and vegan options became increasingly available in supermarkets and restaurants in many countries. Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease and they are regarded as appropriate for all stages of the life-cycle by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The German Society for Nutrition cautions against vegan diets for children, because uncontaminated plant foods do not provide vitamin B12, researchers agree that vegans should eat B12-fortified foods or take a supplement. The origin of the English term vegetarian is unknown, the earliest known use is attributed to the actress Fanny Kemble, writing around 1839 in Georgia in the United States. The practice can be traced to Indus valley civilization in 3300 -1300 BCE Ancient India, the earliest known vegan was the Arab poet Al-Maʿarri. Vegetarianism established itself as a significant movement in 19th-century England and the United States, a minority of vegetarians avoided animal food entirely. Lambe called animal food an habitual irritation, and argued that ilk eating and flesh eating are but branches of a common system, and they must stand or fall together. Sylvester Grahams meatless Graham diet—mostly fruit, vegetables, water, several vegan communities were established around this time. In 1843 members of Alcott House created the British and Foreign Society for the Promotion of Humanity and Abstinence from Animal Food, led by Sophia Chichester, Alcott House also helped to establish the British Vegetarian Society, which held its first meeting in 1847 in Ramsgate, Kent. Belongs to the more moderate division. The first known vegan cookbook, Rupert H. Wheldons No Animal Food, the consumption of milk and eggs became a battleground over the following decades. There were regular discussions about it in the Vegetarian Messenger, it appears from the pages that many opponents of veganism came from within the vegetarian community. This lent support to the position, although Gandhi himself drank goats milk
21.
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam is a university in Amsterdam, Netherlands, founded in 1880. VU is one of two large, publicly funded universities in the city, the other being the University of Amsterdam. The literal translation of the Dutch name Vrije Universiteit is Free University. Free refers to independence of the university from both the State and Church, both within and outside the university, the institution is commonly referred to as the VU. Although founded as an institution, VU has received government funding on a parity basis with public universities since 1970. Over the past decades, VU has transformed from an institution into a broad. While the Netherlands does not have a ranking system, according to the CWTS Leiden Ranking. The university is located on an urban campus in the southern Buitenveldert neighbourhood of Amsterdam. In 2014, VU had 23,656 registered students, most of whom were full-time students and that year, the university had 2,263 faculty members and researchers, and 1,410 administrative, clerical and technical employees, based on FTE units. The universitys annual endowment for 2014 was circa €480 million, about three quarters of this endowment is government funding, the remainder is made up of tuition fees, research grants, and private funding. The official university seal is entitled The Virgin in the Garden, in 1990, the university adopted the mythical griffin as its common emblem. The position of its wings symbolizes the freedom in the name from both the State and Church. The bright and blue postmodern symbol has been the point of the universitys Main Building ever since. The VU was founded in 1880 by a group of orthodox-Protestant Christians led by Abraham Kuyper as the first orthodox-Protestant university in the Netherlands, Kuyper was a theologian, journalist, politician, and prime minister of the Netherlands from 1901 to 1905. He was a professor of theology at VU as well as the universitys first rector magnificus, kuypers worldview and philosophy is referred to as Neo-Calvinism. As a reflection of his beliefs, Vrije Universiteit literally means Free University to signify independence from government and church. Teaching at the Vrije Universiteit started in 1880 in a few rooms rented at the Scottish Missionary Church, here, Kuyper and four fellow professors began lecturing in three faculties, theology, law, and the arts. By the turn of the 20th century, the Scottish Missionary Church became too small for the number of students. In the following years, the university acquired more buildings throughout the city, in 1905, VU was formally accredited and granted the legal right to award academic degrees
22.
The Sydney Morning Herald
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The Sydney Morning Herald is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald, the SMH is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia, the newspaper is published six days a week. It is available at outlets in Sydney, regional New South Wales, Canberra, the Sydney Morning Herald includes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend, and Sunday Life. By February 2016, average circulation had fallen to 104,000, similarWeb rates the site as the fifth most visited news website in Australia and as the 42nd newspapers website globally, attracting more than 15 million visitors per month. In 1931 a Centenary Supplement was published, the original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. In 1840, the newspaper began to publish daily, in 1841, an Englishman named John Fairfax purchased the operation, renaming it The Sydney Morning Herald the following year. Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies upon principles of candour, honesty and we have no wish to mislead, no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation. During the decade 1890, Donald Murray worked there, the SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the countrys metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch, in 1949, the newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald, in 1995, the company launched the newspapers web edition smh. com. au. The site has grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond the content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora, the SMH has since moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island. In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size, in the footsteps of The Times. Fairfax Media dumped these plans later in the year, however, in June 2012, Fairfax Media again announced it planned to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, in March 2013. Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers websites. The subscription type is to be a model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access. In July 2013 it was announced that the SMHs news director, Darren Goodsir, would become Editor-in-Chief, on 22 February 2014, the final Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014. Ahead of the decommissioning of the plant at Chullora in June 2014
23.
Quartz (publication)
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Quartz is a website owned by Atlantic Media Co. Its staff includes reporters formerly employed at Bloomberg, The Wall Street Journal, The Economist, the initial sponsors of Quartz were Boeing, Chevron, Cadillac, and Credit Suisse. According to its press release, the publications name Quartz was chosen for reasons related to its branding. The sites URL was created by dropping the characters, leaving behind qz. com. In September 2012, Quartz officially launched its website, qz. com, rather than a traditional homepage, it was designed as a mobile-first design website. The webpage was designed to deliver contents primarily to users of tablet and its founding team members were from several other news organizations, including Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal, The Economist and the New York Times. According to its website, its team has a record of reporting in 115 countries, Quartzs main office is located in New York, with correspondents and staff reporters in London, India, Hong Kong, Thailand, Los Angeles, Washington, D. C. and elsewhere. Quartz announced in September 2015 that they attracted a record of 16 million monthly unique visitors and its year-to-date revenue has risen 80% since last year. Since the launch of Quartz in September 2012, India has consistently been served as a top contributor for Quartzs international traffic, Quartz decided to launch its second international news site in Africa in June 2015. The launch was similar to the launch in India in 2014 and it views Africa as a potential market due to a high mobile penetration rate and a high rate of innovation in the region. Quartz Africa focuses on Africa Innovators, Nigeria Now, and China in Africa and it aims to cover a global view of the continent as well as other international stories that are related to its African audience. Unlike other media sources, Quartz differentiates itself by focusing on technology, business and innovation in the continent, Quartz launched Atlas in 2015, a home for all of its charts. It can be accessed at atlas. qz. com, Quartz launched its first podcast in partnership with Marketplace, called Actuality. The podcast focuses on top international news and the conversations journalists might have when discussing how to cover a news story, also Quartz launched its first mobile app. It is an app, because of the text-like design. Quartz is a digital news publication with no paywalls or registration. It relies entirely on advertising and sponsored content to fund its business. This opens access to readers, but raises questions of objectivity
24.
Chris Hedges
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Christopher Lynn Hedges is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, professor at Princeton University, author of several New York Times best-sellers, and Presbyterian minister. Hedges is a columnist for the news and commentary website Truthdig. He is also a host for the television program On Contact on RT, Hedges spent nearly two decades as a foreign correspondent in Central America, West Asia, Africa, and the Balkans. In 2001, Hedges contributed to the The New York Times staff entry that received the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting for the coverage of global terrorism. He also received the Amnesty International Global Award for Human Rights Journalism in 2002 and he has taught at Columbia University, New York University, the University of Toronto and Princeton University, where he is currently a visiting lecturer in African American studies. He has taught college courses for several years in New Jersey prisons. He currently teaches a course through Princeton University where half of the students are prisoners and he has described himself as a socialist, and more specifically as a Christian anarchist, identifying with Dorothy Day in particular. Christopher Lynn Hedges was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, the son of Thelma Louise and the Rev. Thomas Havard Hedges, a Presbyterian minister. He grew up in rural Schoharie County, New York, and graduated from the Loomis Chaffee School and he founded an underground newspaper at the school that was banned by the administration and led to him being put on probation. He attended Colgate University, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature and he later graduated as a Master of Divinity from Harvard Divinity School, where he studied under James Luther Adams. He was awarded a doctorate in May 2009 from the Unitarian Universalist seminary, Starr King School for the Ministry, in Berkeley. He speaks English, Arabic, French, and Spanish, and studied Latin, Hedges spent 15 years as a foreign correspondent for The New York Times. He was based in the Middle East for five years, serving for four of those years as the Middle East bureau chief and he then covered the war in the former Yugoslavia as the Balkan bureau chief based in Sarajevo. He later covered Al Qaeda in Europe and the Middle East from Paris and he was part of a team of reporters that won the 2002 Pulitzer prize for their coverage of global terrorism. Three of Hedges articles were based upon the stories of Iraqi defectors who had been furnished to Hedges by the Information Collection Program of the US-funded Iraqi National Congress. The program promoted stories to major outlets in order to orchestrate US intervention in Iraq in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Most significant was a November 8,2001, front page story about two former Iraqi military commanders who claimed to have trained foreign mujahedeen how to hijack planes without using guns, Hedges quoted a man he believed to be an Iraqi general, These Islamic radicals. Came from a variety of countries, including Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt and we were training these people to attack installations important to the United States
25.
Zubin Damania
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ZDoggMD is an internet celebrity known for his music videos, parodies, and comedy sketches about contemporary medical issues and working in the medical field. He is played by Dr. Zubin Damania, CEO and Founder of Las Vegas-based Turntable Health – a new health clinic located in and his website won the 2010 Best New Medical Weblog at the 2010 Medical Weblog Awards sponsored by Epocrates and Lenovo. His videos feature a rotating cast of characters, also practicing doctors, including, most often, Dr. Harry, a pediatrician. He also currently collaborating with Devin Moore, a composer, bassist in the band “Rabbit. ” and member of Downtown Project’s music development team in Las Vegas. His inspiration to start making videos online again came from his friend Tony Hsieh, the CEO of Zappos. com, who advised him to follow his dreams of being an online comic. In his videos he has coupled his interest in the aspect of his patients, and his use of comedy with his treatment and in medicine, with his interest in the Internet, online comedy. He started his website in part to educate the public via humor about little known or controversial medical issues, official website ZDoggMDs channel on YouTube
26.
Professional degrees of public health
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The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching. Master of Public Health programs are available throughout the world in Programs in Public Health, Medical Schools, Schools of Public Health, in some countries the MPH program is only available for physician graduates. In those countries, individuals without a degree may enter a Master of Science in Public Health or Master of Medical Science in Public Health programs. The DrPH degree is for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional career in public health and for leaders. They face the challenge of understanding and adapting scientific knowledge in order to achieve health gain. This degree leads to a career in administration, teaching, or practice. The usual requirement for entry into this program is a degree in Public Health. The DrPH program develops in its candidates all competencies included in MPH programs, with increased emphasis on high skills in problem-solving. In the United States, any person with an undergraduate degree may pursue an MPH or MSPH. Based on the accreditation of the Council on Education for Public Health, in fact, most hospital systems have MPH public health staff to study disease trends and help to combat hospital-acquired infections and immediately determine epidemiologic trends. CPH is the public health board certification available in the world for public health professionals. Continuing Education for CPH, After a candidate passes this examination, the Council is sponsored by the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. In the United Kingdom, the MPH or MSc in Public Health is usually a one-year full-time program, taught modules typically account for two thirds of the MPH and a project one third. Students may be medical or non-medical graduates, degrees vary in their content, but most cover similar areas of public health. Because of the key role played by public health practitioners in the NHS a UK MPH also often includes Health economics, specialist accreditation is through participation in a four-year program analogous to specialist training for doctors. Specialist trainees must pass an examination, demonstrably achieve certain skills, however specialist training in public health is also open to non-doctors. Relevant work experience in health or development sector will be an advantage, MPH degree in India is such so as to Cover all disciplines Of public health, but some institutes offer specialization such as Social epidemiology, Health Policy, Economics & Finance
27.
Vox (website)
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Vox is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media. The website was founded in 2014 by Ezra Klein, Vox is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism and its use of card stacks that define terms and provide context within an article. The website is considered to have a liberal or left-leaning perspective. Ezra Klein left The Washington Post in January 2014 for a position with Vox Media, the publishers of the sports website SB Nation, technology website The Verge, and video gaming website Polygon. The New York Times described Vox Media as a company that produces media rather than its inverse. Klein expected to improve the technology of news and build a platform better equipped for making news understandable. The new sites 20-person staff was chosen for their expertise in areas and included Slates Matthew Yglesias, Melissa Bell. Vox launched in early April 2014 with Klein as its editor-in-chief, the Wall Street Journal reported that in 2014, Vox took in $60 million in revenue and was profitable. As of August 2015, Vox Media, which owns Vox, had received funding valuing it at over $1 billion, of this amount, $200 million came from NBCUniversal, $100 million from the venture arm of Comcast, and $46.8 million from General Atlantic. Other investors included Accel Partners, Allen & Company, Khosla Ventures, and former AOL executive Ted Leonsis. In June 2016, Vox suspended contributor Emmett Rensin for a series of tweets calling for anti-Trump riots, including one on June 3,2016 that urged, If Trump comes to your town, start a riot. The tweets drew attention after violent anti-Trump protests took place in San Jose, in order to reuse work from authors prior to the relaunch in 2014, Vox creates card stacks in bright canary yellow that provide context and define terms within an article. The cards are perpetually maintained as a form of wiki page written by one person with a little attitude, as an example, a card about the term insurance exchange may be reused on stories about the Affordable Care Act. Vox Medias properties target educated households with six-figure incomes and a head of house less than 35 years old, Vox has a YouTube channel by the same name where they regularly post videos on news and informational subjects. These videos are accompanied by an article on their website, the themes covered in the videos are usually similar to the themes covered in the regular, written articles on the website. The channel has over 2.06 million subscribers and over 412 million views as of April 2017, in March 2014, before it had officially launched, Vox was criticized by conservative media commentators, including Erick Erickson. The websites launch received significant media attention, websites noted that the launch came around the same time as other data and explainer websites like FiveThirtyEight and the New York Times The Upshot. Vox was described as using Upworthy style headlines to enhance shareability, the Weeks Ryu Spaeth described the sites operations as, It essentially takes the news and frames it in a way that appeals to its young, liberal audience
28.
VegNews
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VegNews is an American magazine that publishes content about and relating to veganism, including news, health information, recipes, global events, vegan products, media, and more. It was founded in 2000 as a newspaper, and transitioned to full-color glossy magazine in 2004, the magazine is published on a bi-monthly basis. VegNews is owned by Fresh Healthy Media, LLC, a devoted to promoting the vegan lifestyle which is owned and operated by VegNews’ co-founder and publisher Colleen Holland. Joe Connelly is the other co-founder, vegNews won an award for Best Niche Consumer Lifestyle Magazine in 2013. VegNews is published in San Francisco, California, audio recording of founders interview Interview with founders
29.
RTL 4
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RTL4 is a major commercial television station in the Netherlands. It is the commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL4 is an entertainment channel with infotainment, television drama, talk shows, game shows, news. It is owned by RTL Nederland, a subsidiary of RTL Group, the station has three sister TV channels, RTL5, RTL7 and RTL8, and four thematic TV channels, RTL Z, RTL Lounge, RTL Crime and RTL Telekids. Officially RTL4 - along with RTL5, RTL7 and RTL8 - is headquartered in Luxembourg and this allows them to avoid more strict control by the Dutch media authorities as Luxembourgs television watchdog is less strict. It originally launched on the Astra 1A satellite as RTL Véronique on 2 October 1989 and it was one of the first private commercial broadcaster in the Netherlands. Officially, it broadcasts from Luxembourg. Private broadcasters were not allowed in the Netherlands until 1992, the encryption system employed by both RTL4 and 5 analogue services whilst on the Astra 1A and 1C satellites was Luxcrypt. This standard was employed in order to protect the rights sold by foreign studios to RTL. RTL4 broadcasts the first and the longest soap of the Netherlands, Goede Tijden, RTL 4s latest radical change of programming was on 18 August 2007 when RTL obtained the soccer rights but lost the rights to the NOS the following year. In 2008 RTL4 went back to its roots as an entertainment channel with programmes such as Idols, X Factor, Dancing with the Stars. That year RTL4 also launched Ik Hou Van Holland, a quiz-show around, the Voice of Holland became a huge hit on Dutch Television with ratings around 3 million viewers every Friday Night. In 2012 yet another new talent show started, Beat the Best, RTL4 also owns the rights for the soaps As the World Turns and The Bold and the Beautiful. In January 2007, RTL sold the rights for B&B to SBS6, but bought the rights back in December 2010. With more money and space to buy other TV shows, RTL4 bought the rights for the first season of the drama show Brothers & Sisters and took over CSI. From May 1991 until September 2006, the station has had several accompanying radio stations, such as RTL4 Radio, RTL Radio, RTL Rock Radio, Happy RTL, and RTL FM. Between June 2007 and 1 January 2012 RTL Nederland owned Radio 538, hits on RTL4 include the RTL Nieuws, Editie NL, RTL Boulevard, Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden and the Saturday night family show Ik Hou Van Holland. Talent shows are very popular on RTL4, such as Idols, X Factor, Hollands Got Talent
