White Turks
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White Turks is a term used in Turkey for the urban population that embraced or directly benefited from Turkey’s modernization. They are often generalized as embracing values such as secularism, Wester
White Turks at a rally with the Turkish flag.
White Turks at the grave of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic
Turgut Özal
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Halil Turgut Özal was a Turkish politician, bureaucrat, engineer and statesman who served as the president of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the prime minister of Turkey from 1983 t
White Turks
…Malatya". The term "white Turks" was meant to be analogous to the American WASP, and was used to describe an old elite who opposed the then-Prime Minister Turgut Özal because of his Kurdish origin, religiousness and lack of military service. The term was subsequently taken up by sociologist Nilüfer Göle and popularized…
Özal in 1989
Andreas Papandreou and Turgut Özal in Davos, 1986.
Özal with European Commission President Jacques Delors, 23 May 1989
Turgut Özal and Felipe González at Moncloa Palace, September 1989.