The Whitehead torpedo was the first self-propelled or "locomotive" torpedo developed. It was perfected in 1866 by Robert Whitehead from a design conceived by Giovanni Luppis of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, it was driven by a three-cylinder compressed-air engine invented and made by Peter Brotherhood. Many naval services procured the Whitehead torpedo including the US Navy; this early torpedo proved itself in combat during the Russo-Turkish War when, on January 16, 1878, the Ottoman ship Intibah was sunk by Russian torpedo boats carrying Whiteheads, though this story has been disputed in one book. The term "torpedo" comes from the Torpedo fish, a type of ray that delivers an electric shock to stun its prey. During the 19th century, an officer of the Austrian Marine Artillery conceived the idea of using a small boat laden with explosives, propelled by a steam or an air engine and steered by cables to be used against enemy ships. Luppis had a model of the device built. Dissatisfied with the device, which he called the "coast-saver", Luppis turned to Robert Whitehead, who worked for Stabilimento Tecnico Fiumano, a factory in Fiume, present-day Croatia.

In about 1850 the Austrian Navy asked Whitehead to develop this design into a self-propelled underwater torpedo. Whitehead developed what he called the Minenschiff: an 11-foot-long, 14-inch-diameter torpedo propelled by compressed air and carrying an explosive warhead, with a speed of 7 knots and the ability to hit a target up to 700 yards away. In 1868, Whitehead introduced a solution to the stability problem for his torpedo: Pendulum-and-hydrostat control, contained in its Immersion Chamber; the Austrian Navy bought the manufacturing rights to the Whitehead torpedo in 1869. By 1870 Whitehead's torpedoes were running at 17 knots. Still, there remained the problem of course correction: returning the torpedo to its correct course after it had deviated due to wind or wave action; the solution was in the form of the gyroscope gear, patented by Ludwig Obry, the rights to, bought by Whitehead in 1896. In 1868, Whitehead offered two types of torpedoes to the world's navies: one was 11 feet, seven inches in length with a diameter of 14 inches.

It weighed 346 pounds and carried a 40-pound warhead. The other was 14 feet long with a 16-inch diameter, it carried a 60-pound warhead. Both models could do 8-10 knots with a range of 200 yards; the United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 after an American company, E. W. Bliss, secured manufacturing rights; as manufactured for the US Navy, the Whitehead torpedo was divided into four sections: the head, the air flask, the after-body and the tail. The head contained the explosive charge of guncotton; the air flask was constructed from heavy forged steel. The other parts of the shell of the torpedo were made of thin sheet steel; the interior parts were constructed out of bronze. The torpedo was launched below the waterline from a tube, using air or gunpowder discharge. In 1871, the Royal Navy bought manufacturing rights, started producing the torpedo at the Royal Laboratories at Woolwich, England; the Royal Navy fitted the Whitehead torpedo from HMS Holland 1 onwards. The French, Italian, Russian navies soon followed suit and began acquiring the Whitehead torpedo.

By 1877, the Whitehead torpedo was attaining speeds of 18 mph for ranges of 830 yards. By the 1880s, more of the world's navies acquired the Whitehead and began deploying torpedo boats to carry them into battle and engineers began to envision submarines armed with Whitehead torpedoes. In 1904, British Admiral Henry John May commented, "but for Whitehead, the submarine would remain an interesting toy and little more"; the last known operational use of a Whitehead torpedo was during the Battle of Drøbak Sound on the 9th of April 1940. Two torpedoes were fired from a torpedo battery in the Oslofjord at the German cruiser Blücher; this finished the ship off after it had been damaged by cannon fire from Oscarsborg. Royal Navy Imperial German Navy French Navy Austro-Hungarian Navy Regia Marina Imperial Russian Navy Argentine Navy Belgian Navy Royal Danish Navy Hellenic Navy Portuguese Navy Chilean Navy Royal Norwegian Navy Swedish Navy United States Navy American 18 inch torpedo Schwartzkopff torpedo Bliss-Leavitt torpedo Howell torpedo Caruana, Joseph.

"Question 38/43: Loss of Ottoman Gunboat Intibah". Warship International. XLIV: 326–329. ISSN 0043-0374. Gibbs, Jay. "Question 38/43: Loss of the Ottoman Gunboat Intibah". Warship International. XLV: 289–291. ISSN 0043-0374

The Rajputana Agency was a political office of the British Indian Empire dealing with a collection of native states in Rajputana, under the political charge of an Agent reporting directly to the Governor-General of India and residing at Mount Abu in the Aravalli Range. The total area of the states falling within the Rajputana Agency was 127,541 square miles, with eighteen states and two estates or chiefships. Mewar Residency, with headquarters at Udaipur, dealt with the state of Mewar, a salute state entitled to a hereditary gun salute of 19 guns. Western Rajputana States Agency, part of Mewar Residency until 1906, when it was separated, covered three salute states: Banswara, title Maharawal, hereditary 15 guns Dungarpur, title Maharawal, hereditary 15 guns Pratapgarh, title Maharawat, hereditary 15 guns Jaipur Residency, with headquarters at Jaipur, dealt with two salute states: Jaipur, title Majaraja, hereditary 17 guns Kishangarh, title Majaraja, hereditary 15 guns as well as the Thikana of Lawa.

Western Rajputana States Residency, with its headquarters at Jodhpur, dealt with: Jodhpur, title Maharaja, hereditary salute of 17 guns Jaisalmer, title Maharaja, hereditary salute of 15 guns Sirohi, title Maharao, hereditary salute of 15 guns Bikaner Agency, with headquarters at Bikaner, dealt with the salute state of Bikaner, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17 guns Alwar Agency, with headquarters at Alwar, dealt with the salute state of Alwar, title Maharaja, hereditary salute of 15 guns Eastern Rajputana States Agency, with headquarters at Bharatpur, dealt with: Bharatpur, title Maharaja, hereditary salute of 17 guns Karauli, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17 guns Dholpur, title Maharaj Rana, hereditary salute of 15 guns Haraoti-Tonk Agency, with headquarters at Deoli, dealt with: Bundi title Maharao, hereditary salute of 17 guns Tonk, title Nawab, hereditary salute of 17 guns Shahpura, title Raja, hereditary salute of 9 guns. Kotah-Jhalawar Agency, with headquarters at Kota, dealt with: Kota, title Maharaja, hereditary salute of 17 guns Jhalawar, title Maharaj Rana, hereditary salute of 13 gunsThe small British province of Ajmer-Merwara was included within the geographical area of Rajputana, but, under direct British rule.

All of the princely states had Hindu rulers, except Tonk, which had a Muslim ruler, most being Rajputs, except two in Eastern Rajputana, Bharatpur State and Dholpur State, which had Jat rulers. Although Rajputs ruled most of the states, they comprised a small minority of the population. Other important castes and tribes of Rajputana were the Brahmins, who traditionally occupied the highest rank among castes, were numerous and influential. In the 1901 census, 7,035,093 persons, or more than 72% of the total population spoke one of the Rajasthani languages. Prior to the Muslim invasions of northern India in the eleventh century, Rajputana was ruled by a number of local dynasties, Chief of these were the Gurjara Pratiharas, who ruled at Kanauj; the Rathore, Chauhan and Kachwahas ruled until Indian independence. These Rajput dynasties were supplanted or subordinated by the Muslim invaders of the 11th century and weakened by internal feuds. At the beginning of the 16th century the Rajput power began to revive, only to be overthrown by the Babur, founder of the Mughal empire at Fatehpur Sikri in 1527.

The clans were either conquered, overawed or conciliated by Akbar, except for the distant Sisodia clan, however, submitted to Jahangir in 1616. From Akbar's accession to Aurangzeb's death in 1707, a period of 151 years, most of North India was under Mughal control. In 16th century Jat Power Rise anf they do battle against aurangzeb in battle of Tilpat, after the Death of Gokula Singh Raja Ram Jat looted Akbar's tomb and dragged Akbar's bones and burned them.aurangzeb's death and the invasion of the Marathas and Nader Shah of Iran led to a triple alliance among the three leading Rajput chiefs, which internal jealousy so weakened that the Marathas, having been called in by the Rathors to aid them, took possession of Ajmer about 1756. By the end of the century nearly the whole of Rajputana had been subdued by the Marathas; the Second Anglo-Maratha War distracted the Marathas from 1807 to 1809, but afterwards Maratha domination of Rajputana resumed. In 1817 the British went to war with the Pindaris, raiders who were based in Maratha territory, which became the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British government offered its protection to the Rajput rulers from the Pindaris and the Marathas.

The Pindari were defeated, the Afghan adventurer Amir Khan submitted and signed a treaty with the British, making him the ruler of Tonk. By the end of 1818 similar treaties had been executed between Britain; the Maratha Sindhia ruler of Gwalior gave up the district of Ajmer-Merwara to the British, Maratha influence in Rajasthan came to an end. Most of the Jat and Rajput princes remained l

Ronald D. Guttmann MD, FRCPC, FCAHS, was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1936 and received his post secondary school education at the University of Minnesota, receiving a B. A. Magna Cum Laude in 1958, a B. S. and M. D. degree in 1961. He did his Medical Internship at the University of California San Francisco, military service in the USNR at the Tissue Bank, National Naval Medical Center, Medical Residency on the II & IV Medical Service at Boston City Hospital, a Research & Clinical Fellowship at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School. In 1969, he was appointed Associate in Medicine at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School, permanently moved to Montreal, Canada in 1970 to become Director of the Transplantation Service at the Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University Clinic and Associate Professor of Medicine, McGill University Faculty of Medicine. During his academic career he directed an active basic and clinical research laboratory program focused on transplantation immunobiology, immunosuppression, long term-complications of transplant patients.

He developed an interest in social and ethical issues of transplantation, organ shortage, human rights abuses. He has held numerous executive positions in professional organizations such as The Transplantation Society, American Society of Transplant Physicians, Canadian Transplantation Society, XVII World Congress of The Transplantation Society Inc. is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians & Surgeons of Canada, is a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, is an Emeritus Member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians Bethune Exchange Professor, Beijing Medical College. Mary Jane Kugel Award, Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International; the Medical Award, Kidney Foundation of Canada. Roche-ASTP Distinguished Achievement Award of the American Society of Transplant Physicians. Lifetime Achievement Award of the Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, India. Lifetime Achievement Award of the Canadian Society of Transplantation.

Establishment of the “Dr. Ronald D. Guttmann Transplant Scholarship” at the Royal Victoria Hospital Foundation. Director of the first multidisciplinary Transplant Service in Canada at the Royal Victoria Hospital & McGill University Clinic. Co-founder and first President of the American Society of Transplant Physicians (now called American Society of Transplantation.. Co-founder and President of the Canadian Transplantation Society. Founder and former Director of the McGill University Centre for Clinical Immunobiology and Transplantation. Co-founder of the International Forum for Transplant Ethics. Founder and President of the Institute of Policy Research in Medicine and Emerging-technologies. Co-founder, BioMosaics Inc.. He is Emeritus Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Guttmann is an author of more than 310 original publications. Guttmann, R. D. Aust, J. B.: Acquired tolerance to homografts produced by homologous spleen cell injection in adult mice. Nature. 192:564-565, 1961. Guttmann, R.

D. Aust, J. B.: A germplasm transmitted alteration of histocompatibility in progeny of homograft tolerant mice. Nature. 197:1220-1221, 1963. Guttmann, R. D. Kraus, E. D. Dolan, M. F.: Rejection of isogeneic murine skin grafts following exposure to allogeneic ribonucleic acid. Nature. 203: 196-198, 1964. Elkins, W. R. Guttmann, R. D.: Pathogenesis of a local graft versus host reaction. Immunogenicity of circulating host leucocytes. Science. 159: 1250-1251, 1968. Guttmann, R. D.: Medical Progress: Renal transplantation. New Engl. J. Med. 301:975-982, 301:1038-1048, 1979. Guttmann, R. D; the meaning of "The Economics and Ethics of Alternative Cadaveric Organ Procurement Policies. Yale J. on Regulation 8:453-462, 1991. Guttmann, R. D. On the use of organs from executed prisoners. Transplantation Reviews 6:189-193, 1992. Cited in: Human Rights Watch Report on Judicial Execution in China. Guttmann, R. D. Technology, clinical studies, control in the field of organ transplantation, J. History of Biology. 30:367-379, 1997

Tomás Mejías Osorio is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for EFL Championship club Middlesbrough. Mejías was born in Madrid. In 2001, aged 12, he joined local Real Madrid's youth academy from neighbouring amateurs CD Coslada, he made his debut with the reserves in the 2007–08 season, playing five games for them in Segunda División B. As first-team manager José Mourinho decided to rest Iker Casillas, Mejías was selected for a La Liga home match against Getafe CF on 10 May 2011, he replaced another club youth graduate, Antonio Adán, for the last ten minutes of a 4–0 home win. Mejías was selected in a 20-man squad for the first match of the 2011–12 campaign, away to Real Zaragoza, but did not make the bench, he contributed with 26 appearances in the following year, as the B's retained their Segunda División status. On 11 February 2014, Mejías joined Championship club Middlesbrough on loan until the end of the season, he made his debut on 1 March, in a 1–0 away loss against Sheffield Wednesday.

It was his only appearance during the time of his loan, as he dislocated a finger in training and was sidelined for the rest of the campaign. The deal was made permanent on 4 July 2014, Mejías signed a two-year contract. On 28 October of the following year, he saved from Wayne Rooney and Ashley Young as his team won in a penalty shoot-out away to Manchester United in the fourth round of the League Cup keeping a clean sheet for 120 minutes. On 5 January 2017, Mejías was loaned to Rayo Vallecano until the end of the Spanish second level season. At the end of the following campaign, he was released by Middlesbrough. Mejías signed for Cypriot First Division club AC Omonia on 10 July 2018, he played 29 matches across all competitions during his only season, where his team finished sixth in the domestic league. Mejías returned to Middlesbrough on 4 July 2019; as of 21 May 2019 Real Madrid Castilla Segunda División B: 2011–12Spain U20 Mediterranean Games: 2009 Tomás Mejías at BDFutbol

Angola competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece from 13 to 29 August 2004. Angolan athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events: KeyNote–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only Q = Qualified for the next round q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target NR = National record N/A = Round not applicable for the event Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round MenWomen Angola has qualified a men's team. Men's team event – 1 team of 12 players RosterThe following is the Angola roster in the men's basketball tournament of the 2004 Summer Olympics. Group play Classification round Roster The following is the Angola roster in the women's handball tournament of the 2004 Summer Olympics. Head coaches: Pavel Dzhenev Group play 9th-10th Place Final Men Official Report of the XXVIII Olympiad Angola NOC

Anjali Sud is an Indian American businesswoman and the CEO of Vimeo. Sud was appointed to the position in July 2017, after leading the company's primary business focused on video creators. Sud was born in Michigan, as the daughter of Indian immigrants, she grew up in Michigan. In 1997, at age 14, Sud left Flint to study at Phillips Andover Academy in Massachusetts. Sud graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 2005, with a B. Sc. in Finance and Management. In 2011, she received her MBA from Harvard Business School. Between 2005 and 2014, Sud held positions in finance, media and e-commerce at Sagent Advisors, Time Warner and Amazon. In 2014, Sud joined an IAC subsidiary, as Head of Global Marketing, she served as General Manager of Vimeo’s core creator business, where she built out the company’s offering for hosting and monetizing videos. In that role, Sud led a number of launches on the platform, including Vimeo Business, 360 video support, video collaboration and review tools.

Sud was appointed to CEO of Vimeo in July 2017, as the company announced its plans to refocus its strategy from investing in original content to offering software and tools for video creators. In September 2017, Sud oversaw the acquisition of Livestream. IAC has indicated that Vimeo is its "next big bet" and the largest, non-public opportunity inside the holding company. In November 2018, IAC announced. Sud serves on the board of Dolby Laboratories. In November 2017, Sud was listed as one of The Hollywood Reporter’s Next Gen: 35 Under 35 honorees. In March 2018, Crain's New York selected Sud as one of its annual 40 Under 40 honorees. In July 2018, Sud was named #14 on Fortune's "2018 40 Under 40" list, she was included on Adweek's Power List that month. Anjali Sud on LinkedIn