1.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
6.
Lawyer
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A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, in practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As a result, the meaning of the lawyer may vary from place to place. In Australia, the lawyer is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors. In Canada, the word lawyer refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or. Common law lawyers in Canada are formally and properly called barristers and solicitors, however, in Quebec, civil law advocates often call themselves attorney and sometimes barrister and solicitor in English. The Legal Services Act 2007 defines the activities that may only be performed by a person who is entitled to do so pursuant to the Act. Lawyer is not a protected title, in India, the term lawyer is often colloquially used, but the official term is advocate as prescribed under the Advocates Act,1961. In Scotland, the word refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors, in a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff. In the United States, the term refers to attorneys who may practice law. It is never used to refer to patent agents or paralegals, in fact, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law. Other nations tend to have terms for the analogous concept. In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners. Several countries that originally had two or more legal professions have since fused or united their professions into a type of lawyer. Most countries in this category are common law countries, though France, in countries with fused professions, a lawyer is usually permitted to carry out all or nearly all the responsibilities listed below. Arguing a clients case before a judge or jury in a court of law is the province of the barrister in England. However, the boundary between barristers and solicitors has evolved, in England today, the barrister monopoly covers only appellate courts, and barristers must compete directly with solicitors in many trial courts
7.
Oklahoma Territory
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The 1890 Oklahoma Organic Act organized the western half of Indian Territory and a strip of country known as No Mans Land into Oklahoma Territory. Reservations in the new territory were opened to settlement in land runs later that year. Seven counties were defined upon the creation of the territory, although they were designated by number, they would eventually become Logan County, Cleveland County, Oklahoma County, Canadian County, Kingfisher County, Payne County and Beaver County. The Land Run of 1893 led to the addition of Kay County, Grant County, Woods County, Garfield County, Noble County, Oklahoma Territorys history began with the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 when the United States Congress set aside land for Native Americans. At the time, the land was unorganized territory that consisted of the land west of the Mississippi and not within the states of Missouri and Louisiana. By 1856, the territory had been reduced to approximately the borders of the State of Oklahoma, except for the Oklahoma Panhandle. Until this point, Native Americans had exclusively used the land, in 1866, after the American Civil War, the federal government required new treaties with the tribes that had supported the Confederacy, and forced them into land and other concessions. As a result of the Reconstruction Treaties, The Five Civilized Tribes were required to emancipate their slaves and this forced many of the tribes in Indian Territory into making concessions. U. S. officials forced the cession of some 2,000,000 acres of land in the center of the Indian Nation Territory. Boudinot, then a railroad lobbyist, wrote an article that was published in the Chicago Times on February 17,1879, soon the popular press began referring to the people agitating for its settlement as Boomers. To prevent settlement of the land by European-Americans, President Rutherford B, Hayes, issued a proclamation forbidding unlawful entry into Indian Territory in April 1879. Despite federal obstruction, popular demands for the land did not end, captain David L. Payne was one of the main supporters of the opening of Oklahoma to white settlement. Payne traveled to Kansas, where he founded the Boomer Colonial Association, Paynes organization of 10,000 members hoped to establish a white colony in the Unassigned Lands. The formation of the group prompted President Hayes to issue a proclamation ordering Payne not to enter Indian Territory on February 12,1880, in response, Payne and his group traveled to Camp Alice in the Unassigned Lands, east of Oklahoma City. There, they made plans for a city, which they named Ewing, the Fourth Cavalry arrested them, took them to Ft. Reno and escorted them back to Kansas. Payne was furious, as public law prohibited the military interfering in civil matters. The federal government freed Payne and his party, effectively denying them access to the courts, anxious to prove his case in court, Payne and a larger group returned to Ewing in July. The Army again arrested the party and escorted back to Kansas
8.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
9.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
10.
Television program
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It may be a single production, or more commonly, a series of related productions. A limited number of episodes of a show may be called a miniseries or a serial or limited series. Television series are without a fixed length and are divided into seasons or series. While there is no defined length, U. S. industry practice has traditionally favored longer television seasons than those of other countries, a one-time broadcast may be called a special, or particularly in the UK a special episode. A television film is a film that is initially broadcast on television rather than released in theaters or direct-to-video, a program can be either recorded, as on video tape, other various electronic media forms, played with an on-demand player or viewed on live television. Television programs may be fictional, or non-fictional and it may be topical, or historical. They could be primarily instructional or educational, or entertaining as is the case in situation comedy, a drama program usually features a set of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures, except for soap opera-type serials, many shows especially before the 1980s, remained static without story arcs, and the main characters and premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters lives during the episode, because of this, the episodes could be broadcast in any order. Since the 1980s, there are series that feature progressive change to the plot. For instance, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first American prime time television series to have this kind of dramatic structure. While the later series, Babylon 5 is an example of such production that had a predetermined story running over its intended five-season run. In 2012, it was reported that television was growing into a component of major media companies revenues than film. Some also noted the increase in quality of television programs. When a person or company decides to create a new series, they develop the elements, consisting of the concept, the characters, the crew. Then they offer it to the networks in an attempt to find one interested enough to order a prototype first episode of the series. They want very much to get the word out on what types of shows they’re looking for, to create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series must be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they pick up the show to air it the next season, sometimes they save it for mid-season, or request rewrites and further review
11.
Sugarfoot
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Sugarfoot is an American western television series that aired on ABC from 1957-61 on Tuesday nights on a shared slot basis – rotating with Cheyenne, Cheyenne and Bronco, and Bronco. The Warner Bros production stars Will Hutchins as Tom Brewster, an Easterner who comes to the Oklahoma Territory to become a lawyer, Jack Elam is cast in occasional episodes as sidekick Toothy Thompson. Brewster was a student whose apparent lack of cowboy skills earned him the nickname Sugarfoot. The pilot and premiere episode, Brannigans Boots, was so similar to The Boy from Oklahoma that Sheb Wooley, as played by Rogers in the film, Brewster avoided firearms but preferred to vanquish villains with his roping skills if friendly persuasion failed. Perhaps for practical reasons, the pilot altered the character slightly and made Brewster reluctant to use firearms but able and that remained his stance throughout the series, and the title song mentions that Sugarfoot carries a rifle and a law book. Whenever he enters a saloon, Sugarfoot refuses alcohol and orders sarsaparilla with a dash of cherry, Sugarfoot was one of the earliest products of the alliance between ABC and the fledgling Warner Brothers Television Department, chaired by William T. Orr. During the same period, other similar programs would appear, including Maverick, Cheyenne, Bronco, Lawman, Hutchins appeared as Sugarfoot in crossover episodes of Cheyenne and Maverick, and in an installment of Bronco called The Yankee Tornado, with Peter Breck as a young Theodore Roosevelt. Jack Kelly appeared as Bart Maverick in the Sugarfoot episode A Price on His Head, Sugarfoot is only partly set in Oklahoma, the character seems to appear at any place in the West though geographic place names are often missing in the scripts. He often journeys south of the border into Mexico, and numerous episodes are rich in Hispanic culture, the pilot and premiere episode, Brannigans Boots, aired on September 17,1957. Brewster takes the appointment seriously and symbolically puts on a pair of left behind in the sheriffs office. Brannigans daughter, Katie, sees Brewster wearing her fathers boots and she questions whether he is capable of filling her fathers boots. Sugarfoot then successfully finds her fathers killer but not without an incident with Billy the Kid. He soon wins Katies heart too, the opening episode reveals that Sugarfoots guns, mailed to him by his mother, were those of his late father. Katie BranniganLon Chaney, Jr. Crazy CharlieAnthony Caruso, pop Pruty, Justice of the PeaceMerv Griffin. Joe Downey In Reluctant Hero, the episode of the series. He soon finds that Cade is involved in a war with Ken and Linda Brazwell, brother-and-sister ranchers played by Michael Dante. Sugarfoot clashes with Cades foreman Curly Day, who burns down Cades ranch house after Cade fires him, Cade dies in the fire, and Sugarfoot is shot in the attack. Linda takes it upon herself to nurse Sugarfoot back to health, stanford Jolley plays the mysterious The Nighthawk
12.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
13.
Atwater Village, Los Angeles
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Atwater Village is a highly diverse neighborhood in the 13th district of Los Angeles, California. Much of Atwater Village lies in the fertile Los Angeles River flood plain, located in the northeast region of the city, Atwater borders Griffith Park and Silver Lake to the west, Glendale to the north and east, and Glassell Park to the south. It has three elementary schools—two public and one private, almost half the residents were born abroad, a high percentage for the city of Los Angeles. Much of Northeastern Los Angeles was part of Rancho San Rafael, until 1868, richardson, who renamed it Rancho Santa Eulalia. The entire region was subdivided and sold to builders in 1902. The area was initially named Atwater, while the Village was added in 1986, initial residents included the newly created middle-class workers employed at the nearby DWP substation. Its location between the Los Angeles and Glendale city cores made it a sought after residential neighborhood beginning in the 1920s. Census tracts 1883,1881 and 1871.01 lie wholly within Atwater Village boundaries, and a large portion of census tract 1871.02 is also within Atwater Village. Census tract 1871.01 had an income of $72,526 and was 42. 9% non-Hispanic white,34. 4% Hispanic,21. 2% Asian and 1. 4% black. Census tract 1881 was 60. 3% Hispanic,23. 9% non-Hispanic white,13. 2% Asian, median income for this census tract was $30,996. Census tract 1871.02 was 47. 9% Hispanic,27. 5% non-Hispanic white,13. 9% Asian and 8. 4% black, in 2008, the city estimated that 15,455 people lived in Atwater Village. The neighborhood was considered highly diverse ethnically, with a percentage of Asians. The breakdown was Latinos,51. 3%, whites,22. 2%, Asians,19. 7%, blacks,1. 4%, and others,5. 4%. Mexico and the Philippines were the most common places of birth for the 49. 3% of the residents who were born abroad—a high percentage, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $53,872, an average figure for Los Angeles. The percentages of households that earned $20,000 to $60,000 yearly were high for Los Angeles County, the average household size of 2.7 people was average for Los Angeles. Renters occupied 59. 6% of the stock, and house or apartment owners held 40. 4%. The percentage of never-married women was among the countys highest, much of Atwater lies in the old Los Angeles River flood plain, which resulted in deep, fertile soil. Street and other boundary limits are the Ventura Freeway on the north, San Fernando Boulevard on the east, twenty-two percent of Atwater Park residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, an average figure for both the city and the county
14.
Never Give a Sucker an Even Break
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Never Give a Sucker an Even Break is a 1941 Universal Pictures comedy film starring W. C. Fields also wrote the story, under the pseudonym Otis Criblecoblis. Fields plays himself, searching for a chance to promote a surreal screenplay he has written, the title is derived from lines from two earlier films. In Poppy, he tells his daughter, If we should separate, my little plum, I want to give you just one bit of fatherly advice. This was Fieldss last starring film, Fields hand-picked most of the supporting cast. He chose Universals young singing star Gloria Jean to play his niece, margaret Dumont, familiar as the Marx Brothers matronly foil, was cast as the haughty Mrs. Hemogloben. The zany film played to mixed reviews in 1941 but is considered one of Fieldss classics. The film is presented as a life story, with W. C. Fields, Franklin Pangborn, and Gloria Jean playing themselves, at Hollywoods Esoteric Pictures studios, Fields is seen admiring a billboard advertising his previous film, The Bank Dick, and encounters various hecklers and minor calamities. His doting niece, Gloria Jean, is on her way to some songs at the studio. Fields himself is also there to pitch a script to Franklin Pangborn. Fields has run-ins with a couple of characters in which he tangles with a large, angry man in the lower berth and manages to hit him with a mallet. At one point Gloria Jean asks Uncle Bill why he never married, thats the one thing Im indebted to her for. The next day, Fields jumps out of the plane after his flask falls out the open window, but he lands safely in a nest high atop a cliff, a home populated by a beautiful, young, naive girl and her cynical mother. Meanwhile, the lands, and Gloria Jean sings a traditional Russian song to a group of peasants. She reunites with Fields in the village, and they return to the nest when Fields learns the woman is wealthy. Fields is about to marry her when Gloria Jean takes him aside and convinces him that this is a bad idea, at this point Pangborn has had enough of the crazy script and tells Fields to leave the studio. Fields goes to an ice cream parlor to drown his sorrows, in a rare aside to the camera, Fields remarks, This scene is supposed to be in a saloon, but the censor cut it out
15.
Pomona College
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Pomona College is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational, liberal arts college located in Claremont, California, United States. Established in 1887, it is the member of the Claremont Colleges consortium. Pomona is a selective, four-year undergraduate institution, and enrolled approximately 1,660 students representing 49 states and 63 countries in Fall 2016. The college maintains 48 majors and 600 courses, though students have access to nearly 2000 additional courses at the other Claremont Colleges, the colleges 140-acre main campus is located in a residential community near the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. The campus is located adjacent to the Village, an area of Claremont that has grown around the college. Pomona College is currently ranked seventh among all institutions in the United States by Forbes. And seventh among all liberal arts colleges by U. S. News & World Report, 70% of enrolled students hail from out of state, 56% receive need-based financial aid, and 57% self-identify as domestic students of color or international students. Pomona College was established as an institution on October 14,1887. The group’s goal was to create a college in the mold as small New England institutions. The College was originally formed in Pomona, California, classes first began in a house on September 12,1888. The next year, the moved to Claremont, at the site of an unfinished hotel. This building would eventually become Sumner Hall, current location of the Admissions, the name Pomona College remained after the relocation. The College’s first graduating class had ten members in 1894 and its founders’ values led to the College’s belief in educational equity. Like other Congregationalist-founded colleges such as Harvard, Dartmouth, Middlebury, Bowdoin, Pomona received its own governing board, ensuring its independence. The board of trustees was composed of graduates of Williams, Dartmouth, Bates and Yale, among others. This would allow Pomona to retain its small, liberal arts-focused teaching while gaining the resources of a larger university, on October 14,1925, Pomona College’s 38th anniversary, the Claremont Colleges were incorporated. By 1997, the consortium reached its present membership of five undergraduate, Pomona ranks eighth in the country for graduates receiving the most competitive graduate fellowships per capita. In 2013, Pomona students received the most Goldwater Scholarships of any liberal arts college, nearly 85% of recent alumni attend graduate or professional school within ten years
16.
Claremont, California
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Claremont is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States,30.3 miles east of downtown Los Angeles. It is located in the eastern San Gabriel Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, Claremont is known as the home of the Claremont Colleges and other educational institutions, and for its tree-lined streets with numerous historic buildings. In July 2007, it was rated by CNN/Money magazine as the fifth best place to live in the United States, due to its large number of trees and residents with doctoral degrees, it is sometimes referred to as The City of Trees and PhDs. Some critics say that the expansion negatively altered the original, small-town feel of The Village, Claremont has been a winner of the National Arbor Day Associations Tree City USA award for 22 consecutive years. When the city incorporated in 1907, local citizens started what has become the citys tree-planting tradition. Claremont is one of the few remaining places in North America with American Elm trees that have not been exposed to Dutch elm disease, the stately trees line Indian Hill Boulevard in the vicinity of the citys Memorial Park. The Claremont Institute, a think tank, is located there. Several retirement communities, among them Pilgrim Place, the Claremont Manor, the citrus groves and open space which once dominated the northern portion of the city have been replaced by residential developments of large homes. The northern, foothill area also includes the Padua Hills Theatre, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.35 square miles, of which 13.3 square miles is land and 0.05 square miles is water. Its geographic location puts it well within the known as the San Gabriel Valley. Claremont is approximately 24 miles east of Pasadena and 30 miles east of downtown Los Angeles, in the summer months, temperatures can rise into the triple digits. In the autumn months, Claremont can receive gusty winds known as the Santa Ana Winds, in the winter, most of its annual rainfall occurs. Snow is rare but can often be viewed in the nearby San Gabriel Mountains, in early summer, Claremont can receive overcast weather due to its strong onshore flow from the ocean known as May Gray or June Gloom. The 2010 United States Census reported that Claremont had a population of 34,926, the population density was 2,589.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Claremont was 24,666 White,1,651 African American,172 Native American,4,564 Asian,38 Pacific Islander,2,015 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,919 persons. The Census reported that 29,802 people lived in households,4,926 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 429 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 138 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,957 households were made up of individuals and 1,556 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.57. There were 7,925 families, the family size was 3.10
17.
Theatre of ancient Greece
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The ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c.700 BC. Tragedy, comedy, and the play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a cultural identity. The word τραγῳδία, from which the tragedy is derived, is a compound of two Greek words, τράγος or goat and ᾠδή meaning song, from ἀείδειν, to sing. This etymology indicates a link with the practices of the ancient Dionysian cults and it is impossible, however, to know with certainty how these fertility rituals became the basis for tragedy and comedy. The classical Greeks valued the power of word, and it was their main method of communication. Bahn and Bahn write, To Greeks the spoken word was a living thing, socrates himself believed that once something was written down, it lost its ability for change and growth. For these reasons, among others, oral storytelling flourished in Greece. Greek tragedy as we know it was created in Athens around the time of 532 BC, being a winner of the first theatrical contest held in Athens, he was the exarchon, or leader, of the dithyrambs performed in and around Attica, especially at the rural Dionysia. By Thespis time, the dithyramb had evolved far away from its cult roots, under the influence of heroic epic, Doric choral lyric and the innovations of the poet Arion, it had become a narrative, ballad-like genre. Thus, Thespiss true contribution to drama is unclear at best, the dramatic performances were important to the Athenians – this is made clear by the creation of a tragedy competition and festival in the City Dionysia. This was organized possibly to foster loyalty among the tribes of Attica, the festival was created roughly around 508 BC. While no drama texts exist from the sixth century BC, we do know the names of three competitors besides Thespis, Choerilus, Pratinas, and Phrynichus, each is credited with different innovations in the field. He won his first competition between 511 BC and 508 BC and he produced tragedies on themes and subjects later exploited in the golden age such as the Danaids, Phoenician Women and Alcestis. He was the first poet we know of to use a historical subject – his Fall of Miletus, produced in 493-2 and he is also thought to be the first to use female characters. This century is regarded as the Golden Age of Greek drama. The centre-piece of the annual Dionysia, which took place once in winter, each submitted three tragedies, plus a satyr play. Beginning in a first competition in 486 BC each playwright submitted a comedy, aristotle claimed that Aeschylus added the second actor, and that Sophocles introduced the third
18.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
19.
Korean War
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The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some assistance. Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, U. S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments, both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither side accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union, on that day, the United Nations Security Council recognized this North Korean act as invasion and called for an immediate ceasefire. On 27 June, the Security Council adopted S/RES/83, Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea and decided the formation, twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UNs military personnel. After the first two months of war, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter, in September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many North Korean troops. Those who escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, at this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951, after these reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of fighting became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate, North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in combat for the first time in history. The fighting ended on 27 July 1953, when an armistice was signed, the agreement created the Korean Demilitarized Zone to separate North and South Korea, and allowed the return of prisoners. However, no treaty has been signed, and the two Koreas are technically still at war. Periodic clashes, many of which are deadly, continue to the present, in the U. S. the war was initially described by President Harry S. Truman as a police action as it was an undeclared military action, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations. In South Korea, the war is referred to as 625 or the 6–2–5 Upheaval. In North Korea, the war is referred to as the Fatherland Liberation War or alternatively the Chosǒn War. In China, the war is called the War to Resist U. S
20.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
21.
Cryptography
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Cryptography or cryptology is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Cryptography prior to the age was effectively synonymous with encryption. The originator of an encrypted message shared the decoding technique needed to recover the information only with intended recipients. The cryptography literature often uses Alice for the sender, Bob for the intended recipient and it is theoretically possible to break such a system, but it is infeasible to do so by any known practical means. The growth of technology has raised a number of legal issues in the information age. Cryptographys potential for use as a tool for espionage and sedition has led governments to classify it as a weapon and to limit or even prohibit its use. In some jurisdictions where the use of cryptography is legal, laws permit investigators to compel the disclosure of encryption keys for documents relevant to an investigation, Cryptography also plays a major role in digital rights management and copyright infringement of digital media. Until modern times, cryptography referred almost exclusively to encryption, which is the process of converting ordinary information into unintelligible text, decryption is the reverse, in other words, moving from the unintelligible ciphertext back to plaintext. A cipher is a pair of algorithms that create the encryption, the detailed operation of a cipher is controlled both by the algorithm and in each instance by a key. The key is a secret, usually a short string of characters, historically, ciphers were often used directly for encryption or decryption without additional procedures such as authentication or integrity checks. There are two kinds of cryptosystems, symmetric and asymmetric, in symmetric systems the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt a message. Data manipulation in symmetric systems is faster than asymmetric systems as they generally use shorter key lengths, asymmetric systems use a public key to encrypt a message and a private key to decrypt it. Use of asymmetric systems enhances the security of communication, examples of asymmetric systems include RSA, and ECC. Symmetric models include the commonly used AES which replaced the older DES, in colloquial use, the term code is often used to mean any method of encryption or concealment of meaning. However, in cryptography, code has a specific meaning. It means the replacement of a unit of plaintext with a code word, English is more flexible than several other languages in which cryptology is always used in the second sense above. RFC2828 advises that steganography is sometimes included in cryptology, the study of characteristics of languages that have some application in cryptography or cryptology is called cryptolinguistics
22.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
23.
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
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Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe is the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organizations Allied Command Operations. Since 1967 it has been located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons, from 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe, ACE. Since 2003 it has been the headquarters of Allied Command Operations, SHAPE retained its traditional name with reference to Europe for legal reasons although the geographical scope of its activities was extended in 2003. At that time, NATOs command in Lisbon, historically part of the Atlantic command, was reassigned to ACO, an integrated military structure for NATO was first established after the Korean War raised questions over the strength of Europes defences against a Soviet attack. The first choice for commander in Europe was American General of the Army Dwight D, on December 19,1950, the North Atlantic Council announced the appointment of General Eisenhower as the first SACEUR. British Field Marshal Sir Bernard L, montgomery moved over from the predecessor Western Union Defence Organization to become the first Deputy SACEUR, who would serve until 1958. In establishing the command, the first NATO planners drew extensively on WUDO plans, General Eisenhower arrived in Paris on January 1,1951, and quickly set to work with a small group of planners to devise a structure for the new European command. The Planning Group worked in the Hotel Astoria in central Paris while construction of a permanent facility began at Rocquencourt, just west of the city, devising command arrangements in the Central Region, which contained the bulk of NATO’s forces, proved to be much more complicated. Drawing upon his World War II experience, General Eisenhower decided to retain overall control himself, instead there would be three separate C-in-Cs. In December 1950 it was announced that the forces initially to come under General Eisenhowers command were to be the U. S, on April 2,1951, General Eisenhower signed the activation order for Allied Command Europe and its headquarters at SHAPE. Headquarters, Allied Forces Central Europe was activated in Fontainebleau, France in 1953, on the same day, ACEs subordinate headquarters in Northern and Central Europe were activated, with the Southern Region following in June. By 1954 ACEs forces consisted of Allied Forces Northern Europe, at Oslo, Allied Forces Central Europe, Allied Forces Southern Europe, hodes, United States Army Allied Forces Southern Europe – Admiral R. P. M. Two 1952 central region exercises involved air-ground combined forces, equinox was a major air-ground exercise involving French-American tactical air units and a French airborne infantry unit under the command of Général dArmée Alphonse Juin, French Army. They maneuvered east of the Rhine River in the British Zone under the command of Lt. General Sir Richard Nelson Gale. Finally, Rosebud involved ground maneuvers by the U. S, seventh Army in the American Zone of Occupation of Allied-occupied Germany. The initial plans saw the defence of Western Europe from a Soviet invasion resting heavily on nuclear weapons, the conventional forces would attempt to hold this line while the allied strategic air forces defeated the Soviets and their allies by destroying their economy and infrastructure. What this strategy meant for the battle in the central region was described for publicity purposes in January 1954 by then-Supreme Allied Commander Europe General Alfred Gruenther as. An air-ground shield which, although still not strong enough, would force an enemy to concentrate prior to attack, in doing so, the concentrating force would be extremely vulnerable to losses from atomic weapon attacks
24.
NBC Matinee Theater
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Matinee Theater is an American anthology series that aired on NBC during the Golden Age of Television, from 1955 to 1958. The series, which ran daily in the afternoon, was usually broadcast live and it was produced by Albert McCleery, Darrell Ross, George Cahan and Frank Price with executive producer George Lowther. McCleery had previously produced the live series Cameo Theatre which introduced to television the concept of theater-in-the-round and this series aired live at 3 p. m. Eastern time and 12 noon Pacific, in order to promote color TV. The programs target audience was the American housewife she labored over her ironing and he hired five directors and five art directors. That was over 50 years ago, and I’m trying to think, I believe the TV art director is his own set decorator —yes, of course. It had to be, since one of McCleery’s chief claims to favor with the producers was his elimination of the setting per se and it took a bit of ingenuity. The series ended in 1958 due to its budget, much higher than any other daytime program in television. A few of the episodes were preserved on color film for later rerun syndication under different titles. One noteworthy episode is Dracula, which first aired on 6 January 1956 and this was based on Bram Stokers book, similar to the 1931 movie Dracula. It was adapted by Robert Esson and directed by Lamont Johnson, shown in color, the episode had John Carradine as Dracula and Lisa Daniels as Lucy Weston. This was the first time Dracula had been presented on television, Matinee Theatre at the Internet Movie Database Matinee Theatre at TV. com Matinee Theatre at CVTA with episode list
25.
Will Rogers
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William Penn Adair Will Rogers was a stage and motion picture actor, vaudeville performer, American cowboy, humorist, newspaper columnist, and social commentator. Known as Oklahomas Favorite Son, Rogers was born to a prominent Cherokee Nation family in Indian Territory and he traveled around the world three times, made 71 movies, and wrote more than 4,000 nationally syndicated newspaper columns. By the mid-1930s, the American people adored Rogers and he was the leading political wit of his time, and was the highest paid Hollywood movie star. Rogers died in 1935 with aviator Wiley Post, when their airplane crashed in northern Alaska. Rogerss vaudeville rope act led to success in the Ziegfeld Follies and his 1920s syndicated newspaper column and his radio appearances increased his visibility and popularity. Rogers crusaded for aviation expansion, and provided Americans with first-hand accounts of his world travels and his aphorisms, couched in humorous terms, were widely quoted, I am not a member of an organized political party. Another widely quoted Will Rogers comment was I dont make jokes, I just watch the government and report the facts. I am so proud of that, I can hardly wait to die so it can be carved, Rogers was born on the Dog Iron Ranch in Indian Territory, near present-day Oologah, Oklahoma. The house he was born in had been built in 1875 and was known as the White House on the Verdigris River and his parents, Clement Vann Rogers and Mary America Schrimsher, were both of part Cherokee ancestry, making Rogers himself 9/32 Cherokee. Rogers quipped that his ancestors did not come over on the Mayflower and his mother was quarter-Cherokee and a hereditary member of the Paint Clan. She died when Will was 11, and his father remarried less than two years after her death, Rogers was the youngest of eight children. He was named for the Cherokee leader Col. William Penn Adair, only three of his siblings, sisters Sallie Clementine, Maude Ethel, and May, survived into adulthood. His father, Clement, was a leader within Cherokee society, a Cherokee judge, he was a Confederate veteran and served as a delegate to the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention. Rogers County, Oklahoma, is named in honor of Clement Rogers and he served several terms on the Cherokee Senate. Clement Rogers achieved financial success as a rancher and used his influence to help soften the effects of white acculturation on the tribe. Roach presents a sociological-psychological assessment of the relationship between Will and his father during the formative boyhood and teenage years, Clement had high expectations for his son and desired him to be more responsible and business-minded. Will was more easygoing and oriented toward the loving affection offered by his mother, Mary, the personality clash increased after his mothers death, and young Will went from one venture to another with little success. Only after Will won acclaim in vaudeville did the rift begin to heal, will Rogers attended school at the Willow Hassel School at Neosho, Missouri, and Kemper Military School at Boonville, Missouri
26.
Warner Bros. Television
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Television is the television production arm of Warner Bros. Entertainment, itself part of Time Warner, as of 2015, it is the worlds largest television production company measured by revenue and library. Its most notable TV shows include Friends, ER, The West Wing, Smallville, Supernatural, The Big Bang Theory, The Wire and Full House. The division was started on March 21,1955 with its first and most successful head being Jack L. Warners son-in-law William T. Orr. ABC had major success against its competition with Walt Disneys Disneyland TV series, WB formally entered television production with the premiere of its self-titled anthology series Warner Bros. The one-hour weekly show featured rotating episodes of series based on the WB films, Casablanca and Kings Row. One such segment for Rebel Without a Cause featured Gig Young notably talking about road safety with James Dean, with only Cheyenne being a success, Warner Bros. ended the ten-minute promotions of new films and replaced Warner Bros. Presents with a series titled Conflict. It was felt that Conflict was what the series lacked. Conflict showed the pilots for Maverick and 77 Sunset Strip, the company also produced Jack Webbs Red Nightmare for the U. S. Department of Defense that was later shown on American television on Jack Webbs General Electric True. During a Hollywood television writers strike, Warner Bros. reused many plots from its films and this was another example of imitating Warner Bros B Pictures who would remake an A film and switch the setting. Two of the most popular stars, James Garner and Clint Walker, Garner never returned to the Warners fold during this period. Successful Warners television stars found themselves in leading roles of many of the films with no increase in salary. Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. was simultaneously the lead of 77 Sunset Strip, in a role on Maverick. Edd Byrnes and Troy Donahue would go on to become teen heartthrobs, Warners also contracted established stars such as Ray Danton, Peter Breck, Jeanne Cooper and Grant Williams. These stars often appeared as guest stars, sometimes reprising their series role in another TV series, the stars appeared in Warner Bros. Some stars such as Connie Stevens, Edd Byrnes, Robert Conrad, depending on the particular show, William Lava or David Buttolph would compose the music, with lyrics by Stan Jones or Paul Francis Webster, among others. For the crime shows, it was up to the team of Jerry Livingston and Mack David, who also scored the themes for the sitcom Room for One More
27.
Cheyenne (TV series)
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Cheyenne is an American western television series of 108 black-and-white episodes broadcast on ABC from 1955 to 1963. The show was the first hour-long western, and in fact the first hour-long dramatic series of any kind, with continuing characters, the series began as a part of Warner Brothers Presents, a wheel program that alternated three different series in rotation. In its first year, Cheyenne traded broadcast weeks with Casablanca, thereafter, Cheyenne was overhauled by new producer Roy Huggins and left the umbrella of WBP. The show starred Clint Walker, a native of Illinois, as Cheyenne Bodie, the episode reveals that Bodies parents were massacred by Indians, the tribe of which is unknown. He was taken by Cheyenne Indians when he was ten years old, in the series the character Bodie maintains a positive and understanding attitude toward the Native Americans despite the slaughter of his parents. The interim saw the introduction of a virtual Bodie-clone called Bronco Layne, played by Ty Hardin, born in New York City, Hardin was featured as the quasi main character during Bodies absence. When Warners renegotiated Walkers contract and the returned to the show in 1959, Bronco was spun off as a show in its own right. For most of their runs, Cheyenne, Bronco, and Sugarfoot, starring Will Hutchins, Cheyenne was the senior partner of the three. Only a snippet of the Bronco theme song was heard in the opening credits, occasionally Cheyenne, Bronco, and Sugarfoot appeared together in the same episode of each others series. In the 1961 Cheyenne episode Duel at Judas Basin, Walker, Hardin, the trapper has also framed Tom Sugarfoot Brewster for murder. He told reporters that he felt like a caged animal, though Cheyenne aired for seven years, the series made only 108 episodes because it was in repeated alternation with other programs and was out of production during Clint Walkers contract dispute. However, because Cheyenne Bodie never appeared in Ragan, the two programs are only tenuously linked. Walker reprised the Cheyenne Bodie character in 1991 for the TV-movie The Gambler Returns, The Luck of the Draw and also played Cheyenne in an episode of Kung Fu, The Legend Continues in 1995. Claude Akins was cast as tough-minded Sheriff Bob Walters, with Gail Kobe as Della Carver, chris Alcaide appeared as Deputy Hack in Star in the Dust and as Harry Thomas in The Quick and the Deadly. Evelyn Ankers appeared as saloon owner Robbie James, who tries to keep her daughter from learning about her occupation, R. G. Armstrong was cast as Nathanael Grimm in The Return of Mr. Grimm. In the story line, the wealthy Grimm seeks the hanging of Sheriff Cheyenne Bodie for the homicide of Grimms wayward son. Grimm closes the businesses he controls in town, and the threatened townsmen demand that Bodie stand trial though no crime has been committed, anita Sands appears as Grimms secret daughter-in-law, Grace Evans, who unknown to him is carrying his grandson. Barry Atwater played George A. Custer, with Liam Sullivan as Marcus Reno, in the episode, Gold, Glory, and Custer - Prelude and Gold, Glory
28.
Bronco (TV series)
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Bronco is a Western series on ABC from 1958 through 1962. It was shown by the BBC in the United Kingdom, Bronco premiered in the fall of 1958 when Warner Brothers executives and actor Clint Walker clashed over Walkers contract on the series Cheyenne. Walker had walked out on his show over such stringent clauses as a requirement that he return half of all personal appearance fees to Warner Brothers, and that he only record for Warner music labels. When the two came to an impasse, the network hired newcomer Ty Hardin to play the new character of Bronco Layne. When Walker came back to his series, Bronco became a spin-off of Cheyenne, Bronco at first alternated with another Western series, Sugarfoot, featuring Will Hutchins. In 1960, the two began alternating with Cheyenne under the Cheyenne title, Sugarfoot was dropped in 1961, leaving only Bronco and Cheyenne to alternate. According to the song, Bronco came from the Texas Panhandle. As it develops, Mary is not interested so much in story ideas but in the body of a man buried in a nearby glacier and missing gold. Some four years before the debut of his The Virginian, James Drury plays the part of John Smith, edgar Stehli plays the part of Pancake Riddle. Peter Breck as Theodore Roosevelt in Yankee Tornado Ahna Capri appeared as the child Emily in A Town That Lived and Died. as Manuel Figueres in Flight from an Empire I, tony Young appeared twice, as Cpl. Red Bird in The Burning Springs and as Tod Chapman in One Evening in Abilene, jack Nicholson appeared as the young lover Bob in the episode The Equalizer - season 4 episode 4. Jack Elam played Mr Thompson in the episode The Equalizer - season 4 episode 4, Warner Bros. has released the first three seasons on DVD in Region 1 via their Warner Archive Collection. These are manufacture-on-demand releases, available through Warners online store and Amazon. com, the fourth and final season was released on May 19,2015. Bronco episode guide Bronco at the Internet Movie Database Bronco at TV. com
29.
Maverick (TV series)
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Maverick is an American Western television series with comedic overtones created by Roy Huggins. The show ran from September 22,1957 to July 8,1962 on ABC and stars James Garner as Bret Maverick and they would typically find themselves weighing a financial windfall against a moral dilemma. More often than not, their consciences trumped their wallets since both Mavericks were intrinsically ethical, when Garner left the series after the third season due to a legal dispute, Roger Moore was added to the cast as their cousin Beau Maverick. Robert Colbert appeared later in the season as a third Maverick brother. No more than two of the series ever appeared together in the same episode, and usually only one. Budd Boetticher directed several of the episodes of the first season and Robert Altman wrote. The show was part of the Warner Bros. array of Westerns, which included Cheyenne, Colt.45, Lawman, Bronco, The Alaskans, Bret Maverick is the epitome of a poker-playing rounder, always seeking out high-stakes games and rarely remaining in one place for long. Staff casting their new television series, Maverick often bested The Ed Sullivan Show and The Steve Allen Show in the television ratings. Huggins inverted the usual cowboy hero characteristics familiar to television and movie viewers of the time, Bret Maverick was vocally reluctant to risk his life, though he typically ended up being courageous in spite of himself. He frequently flimflammed adversaries, but only those who deserved it, otherwise he was honest almost to a fault, in at least one case insisting on repaying a questionable large debt. None of the Mavericks were particularly fast draws with a pistol, Bart once commented to a lady friend, My brother Bret can outdraw me any day of the week, and hes known as the Second Slowest Gun in the West. However, it was almost impossible for anyone to beat them in any sort of a fistfight, critics have repeatedly referred to Bret Maverick as arguably the first TV anti-hero, and have praised the show for its photography and Garners charisma and subtly comedic facial expressions. Nonetheless, most TV anti-heroes, such as Eddie Haskell, Dr. Zachery Smith, and J. R. Ewing are at heart self-serving and egocentric, a description that does not fit any Maverick. Though Garner was originally supposed to be the only Maverick, the studio eventually hired Jack Kelly to play brother Bart, starting with the eighth episode. The producers had realized that it took over a week to shoot an episode, so Kelly was hired to rotate with Garner as the series lead. In Barts first episode, Hostage. in order to engender audience sympathy for the new character, there was however, one distinct—but accidental—difference between the two. Garners episodes tended to be more due to his obvious talent in that area. Huggins noted in the aforementioned Archive of American Television interview that Kelly, while funnier than Garner off camera, dropped a funny line while shooting a scene like a load of coal
30.
77 Sunset Strip
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77 Sunset Strip is an American television private detective series created by Roy Huggins and starring Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. Roger Smith, and Edd Byrnes. Each episode was one hour long, the show was the subject of an ownership battle between Roy Huggins and Warner Bros. which was the proximate cause of Huggins departure from the studio. The show ran from 1958 to 1964, Roger Smith played Jeff Spencer, also a former government agent, and a nonpracticing attorney. The duo worked out of an office at 77 Sunset Boulevard, between La Cienega Boulevard and Alta Loma Road on the south side of the strip next door to Dean Martins real-life lounge. Suzanne, the beautiful French switchboard operator played by Jacqueline Beer, Byrnes had originally been cast as a contract killer in the series pilot, but proved so popular that he was brought back in a new role for the series. Despite Huggins hopes for a drama, the tone of the series was much lighter. Many of the episodes were named capers, the catchy theme song, written by the accomplished team of Mack David and Jerry Livingston, typified the shows breezy, jazzed atmosphere. The song became the centerpiece of an album of the music in Warren Barker-led orchestrations, which was released in 1959. The Kookie character became a phenomenon, with his slang expressions such as ginchy. Kookie was also used to provide product placement for Harley-Davidson, appearing on their Topper motor scooter in the show and in Harley-Davidson advertisements. When Byrnes demands for money and an expanded role were not met, he left the show. In 1961, Robert Logan became the new parking lot attendant, J. R. Hale, in 1960, Richard Long moved from the recently canceled detective series Bourbon Street Beat with his role of Rex Randolph, but he left the program in 1962. One of the more unusual episodes was the 1960 The Silent Caper, written by Smith, it presented its story completely without dialogue. Another off-beat entry was 1961s Reserved For Mr. Bailey, which finds Zimbalist alone in a ghost town and he is the only actor on-screen for the entire hour. The shows popularity was such that rising young actors clamored for guest spots, the show occasionally featured sports stars such as Sandy Koufax in guest roles. In 1963, as the popularity waned, the entire cast except for Zimbalist was let go. Jack Webb was brought in as producer and William Conrad as director. The character of Stuart Bailey became a private investigator
31.
Bombers B-52
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Bombers B-52 is a 1957 Warner Bros. CinemaScope film in WarnerColor, produced by Richard Whorf, directed by Gordon Douglas, that stars Natalie Wood and Karl Malden and it was adapted from a Sam Rolfe story by screenwriter Irving Wallace. Leonard Rosenman composed the film score, the Strategic Air Command is about to introduce the B-52 Stratofortress bomber as its primary manned strategic weapon. Brennan has not trusted Herlihy since an incident in the Korean War and this career-long problem interferes with flight operations and aircraft support. When Herlihy starts dating Brennans daughter Lois, tensions grow, Brennan demands his daughter break off the relationship. Brennan, Herlihy, and others try to solve all the problems that plague the introduction of the B-52. On one top-secret test flight to Africa, after being refueled mid-air, Herlihy orders everyone to bail out and ejects Brennan when he refuses. After safely landing the burning bomber at Castle AFB, Herlihy sends out search parties who recover all of the crew successfully except for Brennan. Following a hunch, Herlihy eventually finds the mechanic who is severely injured, while recovering, Brennan realizes that he was wrong about Herlihy, who risked his life to bring him home. He accepts that his daughter and his commanding officer should now reunite, eventually, Brennan also has to choose between a high-paying civilian job and his US Air Force career. When told that his papers are ready to sign, he decides to continue the career he loves in the USAF. During production, Natalie Wood was named Sweetheart of Castle Air Force Base, the first choice for the lead role was Tab Hunter, who subsequently turned it down because he was tired of military roles. Writer Irving Wallace wrote a screenplay, one of the working titles was No Sleep till Dawn. The screenplay was later the subject of a 1980s exposé of sexual innuendo by a film historian, reviews of Bombers B-52 mainly focused on the aerial scenes, which during the Cold war era, did project a near-propaganda effort, using many period aircraft to depict the era faithfully. The review in The New York Times was mildly laudatory, describing it as a tribute to Air Force nuclear power. Furthermore, his unpretentious scenario is credible and persuasive in training sequences, the performances of the leads was also considered natural. Overall, The New York Times critic thought Bombers B-52 is not, in other reviews, the dichotomy of a 19-year-old Natalie Wood, being courted by 40-year-old Efrem Zimbalist Jr. was noted as well as the attempt to portray a contemporary, if tepid love story. com
32.
Lafayette Escadrille (film)
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Lafayette Escadrille, also known as Cest la Guerre, Hell Bent for Glory and With You in My Arms, is a 1958 American war film produced by Warner Bros. It stars Tab Hunter and Etchika Choureau and features David Janssen and it was the final film in the career of director William A. Wellman and is based on his original story, thad Walker, a spoiled, rich kid from Boston, who had gotten in serious trouble with the law, fled to France to join the French Foreign Legion in World War I. The group of expatriates join up and learn to fly on training aircraft before becoming combat pilots, walkers father beat him, and he resents any kind of authority. When a strutting, arrogant French officer, irritated by the mans inability to understand commands in French, strikes him, he knocks the officer to the ground. Before he can be jailed, his pals smuggle Walker out of camp and he then spends a great deal of time hiding in Paris in his sweethearts apartment. His friends continue with their training while Walker works for the Madam, later, the now veteran pilots he had befriended come to the bar and Walker realizes he still wants to redeem himself. Convincing an American general that he is sincere, when the United States enters the war, Walker finally is able to fly a mission with the Lafayette Escadrille, where he proves to be a superb fighter pilot. Returning to Paris, Walker asks his friends to him as he weds Renée. Relying on his own World War I service, Wellman wrote the original story, earning himself the nickname Wild Bill, Wellman was first an ambulance driver in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, then joined the French Foreign Legion. In casting, Wellman wanted Paul Newman and Clint Eastwood as the leads, Warner refused, and substituted teen idol Tab Hunter and David Janssen, with Eastwood moved to a minor role. Warner also insisted Wellman make Darbys Rangers as a condition of financing Lafayette Escadrille, principal photography took place primarily at the Hancock Santa Maria, California airport. Hollywood stunt pilot Paul Mantz, built a number of Blériot XI Penguin clipped-wing and full span training aircraft, wellmans script was rewritten by Paul Fix. Shooting took place October 19 to December 8,1956, in the original cut of the film Tab Hunters character died at the end. However this was received at previews and a new ending was shot in April–May 1957 where he lived. While the aviation scenes in Lafayette Escadrille were well received, critics said the film falls far short of the status of the 1928 Oscar winner. The flying sequences were not enough to overcome a mediocre story and flat acting, Wellman was heartbroken with his treatment at the hands of Jack L. Warner, and kept his word that Lafayette Escadrille would be his last film
33.
No Time for Sergeants (1958 film)
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No Time for Sergeants is a 1958 American comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy starring Andy Griffith and featuring Myron McCormick, Don Knotts and most of the original Broadway cast. Warner Bros. contract player Nick Adams joined the cast as Stockdales fellow military draftee Benjamin B, Whitledge, as did Murray Hamilton as Irving S. Blanchard. The film is based on an inspired by the original novel. Will Stockdale is a backward, backwoods rube from outside Callville, Georgia and his father tells Will to be careful going to big cities like Macon and Atlanta. Pa Stockdale says he has been to those many years before. Wrongfully shackled by McKinney, Stockdale joins a group of new United States Air Force draftees being transported to basic training and they include the obnoxious bully Irving S. Blanchard, who having undergone ROTC training, volunteers to be in charge. They report to camp, where Stockdale and the equally dim friend, Ben Whitledge. Stockdale is incredibly strong and can any man under the table. He proceeds to make life miserable for the man in charge, King, who likes his barracks to be quiet and calm. King wears Air Crewmember wings and states, he is 45 years old, has 18 years in the service and 16 years as a sergeant. In exasperation, the sergeant places the country bumpkin on full-time latrine duty, Stockdale believes his new position of P. L. O. to be a promotion. The happy-go-lucky Stockdale feels that King must be the best dang sergeant in whole dang US Air Force, the totally unhappy Whitledge wants no part of it, lamenting that an airman is like something from a funny book. Ben wants to be assigned to the infantry, instead, a letter from his mother states, that Bens six brothers have all served in the infantry. Ben tells Will, his grandfather was a Confederate infantryman, under General Stonewall Jackson at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Ben Whitledge says, In the War Between the States, it was the infantry that did the fighting, which is understandable, airplanes not having been invented yet. King tells Will the captain desires to see the barracks and latrine spotless, a company inspection takes a surprising turn when Stockdales immaculately clean latrine impresses Kings company commander most. The company commander orders King to have Stockdale through his training in one week, or else he will not only be demoted, rushing him through testing, King bribes Stockdale by promising to give him his wristwatch if he can pass. Stockdale flummoxes and frustrates the various officers and men, he takes a manual dexterity test conducted by Corporal John C, brown, a psychiatric test by Maj. Demming, and an eye exam, amazingly managing to get by after driving them all crazy, Stockdale gets the wristwatch as a reward
34.
The Roaring 20's (TV series)
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The Roaring 20s is an American drama television series that aired on ABC from October 15,1960, until January 20,1962. Mike Road played police Lieutenant Joe Switoski, other stars were James Flavin as Robert Howard and Louise Glenn as Gladys, who appear in thirty-three and thirty episodes, respectively. In its first year, The Roaring 20s faced competition from the Top 20 programs, Perry Mason on CBS and Bonanza on NBC. In the 1961-1962 season, however, Bonanza was shifted to Sunday, in 1960 Warner Bros. Records issued the mono soundtrack album The Roaring 20s to accompany the series. Musical direction was by Sandy Courage, lets Do It, Nagasaki, The Roaring Twenties The Roaring 20s at the Internet Movie Database The Roaring 20s at TV. com The Roaring 20s at epguides. com
35.
Surfside 6
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Surfside 6 is an ABC television series which aired from 1960 to 1962. The show centered on a Miami Beach detective agency set on a houseboat and featured Troy Donahue as Sandy Winfield II, Van Williams as Kenny Madison, diane McBain co-starred as socialite Daphne Dutton, whose yacht was berthed next to their houseboat. Surfside 6 was one of four detective TV series produced by Warner Bros. around that time, the others being 77 Sunset Strip, Hawaiian Eye, and the aforementioned Bourbon Street Beat. Plots, scripts, characters, and almost everything else crossed over from one series to another, Surfside 6 had a memorable theme song, written by Jerry Livingston and Mack David. The theme has often parodied in popular culture. The lyrics varied from week to week, but Surfside 6, in its first season, Surfside 6 was paired opposite the CBS sitcoms Bringing Up Buddy and The Danny Thomas Show and NBCs Western Tales of Wells Fargo starring Dale Robertson. M. Flynn Surfside 6 at Thrilling Detective website Surfside 6 at Classic TV Hits website Surfside 6 at the Internet Movie Database Surfside 6 at TV. com
36.
Claudelle Inglish
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Claudelle Inglish is a 1961 American film directed by Gordon Douglas and based on the 1958 novel by Erskine Caldwell. It stars Diane McBain and Arthur Kennedy and it was nominated for an Academy Award in 1962 for Best Costume Design. The film was cast with many Warner Bros, television contract stars, including Diane McBain who replaced the original choice for the lead Anne Francis. McBain was then co-starring in Surfside 6 and had appeared in Parrish. Claudelle and Linn instantly hit it off together, and soon fall in love. Her mother objects to the relationship, fearing Claudelle will end up in the same rut she is, being married to a poor farmer, Claudelle is forced to endure her parents many arguments stemming from Jessies unhappiness having to be married to Clyde, a poor but hard-working farmer. At the same time, rich middle-aged portly landowner S. T, crawford, who owns the farm where the Inglish family live, begins to secretly eye up Claudelle. Despite her mothers protests, Linn wins her dads approval by helping him on the farm, shortly before graduation, Linn takes Claudelle to a neighborhood carnival where he wins her a musical dancing doll. That same night, Linn asks Claudelle to marry him and she says yes. Linn gets drafted into the army, and he and Claudelle are spending their last night together before Linns departure at the senior prom. The two leave the dance to go for a walk, where Claudelle tells Linn her fears about him being away in the army for two years and how she is afraid they will never be together again. Linn calms her fears by promising her he will marry her the day he comes home from the service, Claudelle, still fearing Linn leaving her, has him make love to her that night in the woods. Claudelle and Linn exchange letters through that summer, fall and the following winter, during the winter, Claudelle makes payments on a trousseau for her wedding at Harley Peasley and his wife Ernestines General Store. She stays true to Linn, even politely rejecting the advances of Harleys son Dennis, by spring, Linns letters to Claudelle have slowed down causing her to worry, but she tells herself he is just really busy in the army with no time to write. She shares these feelings with her pastor Rev. Armstrong, leaving church one Sunday morning, a few days later, a despondent Claudelle waits for the mailman Mr. Gunstom on the porch of her house. Just then, Mr. Gunstom delivers a letter from Linn to an ecstatic Claudelle and her joy is soon turned to sorrow as Linn tells Claudelle in his letter, sometime back he met a nice girl whos been very good to him and that he plans to marry her. Jessie hears Claudelle crying and tells her shes glad it happened, a crying Claudelle rejects this idea and locks herself in her room. When discussing Claudelle and Linns breakup, Jessie tells Clyde how she wishes they hadnt married so she could be living better
37.
Diane McBain
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Diane McBain is an American actress who, as a Warner Brothers contract player, reached a brief peak of popularity during the early 1960s. She is best known for playing a socialite in the 1960-62 TV series Surfside 6. A native of Cleveland, Ohio, McBain moved to the Hollywood area at an age and began her show business career as an adolescent model in print. Her first director, at the helm of the March 8 installment, having received a positive reaction to McBains initial performances, the studio realized it had a potential star under contract. She was given a prominent ingenue role in her first feature, the filmed-on-location Technicolor epic was released on January 2,1960, to mixed reviews, but McBains notices were generally favorable. Warner Bros continued to keep McBain busy during 1960 with numerous appearances on their TV shows and she returned to 77 Sunset Strip on February 26, then nine days later found herself back in the 49th state milieu with a guest role in the March 6 installment of The Alaskans. Eight days later, she was in Bourbon Street Beat and the day on Sugarfoot. Another episode of Bourbon Street Beat followed two weeks later, on March 28, and still another 77 Sunset Strip on May 6. In eight more days, she was in an episode of Lawman, McBain had a banner year in 1960. In addition to appearing in a top feature film and guest-starring in eight TV episodes, the first offered her one of three ingenue roles in a major A film, Parrish, and the other was a title role in her own B-film vehicle, Claudelle Inglish. She was given what would turn to be her only part in a prime-time series. When 77 Sunset Strip kicked off its sixth and final season in 1963 with a special story called Five, McBain played opposite Efrem Zimbalist. She toured Vietnam in 1966 as part of Bob Hopes USO shows, McBain later developed an image as a villainess, particularly in movies such as Maryjane and The Mini-Skirt Mob. The last movie had her killed off as a vicious biker. She is remembered for her roles in Spinout, Thunder Alley, during the 1970s, McBain slowed her career somewhat to care for her son Evan, though she continued to make guest appearances in a number of television series. She was featured in the horror film Wicked, Wicked, in yet another bad girl role, in 1982, McBain was accosted and raped by two men in West Hollywood, and began a second career as a rape victim counselor. Diane McBain at the Internet Movie Database Diane McBain at AllMovie Diane McBain at the TCM Movie Database Memorial to Deborah Walley by McBain Profile, glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen. com
38.
Jeff Chandler
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Jeff Chandler was an American actor, film producer and singer best remembered for playing Cochise in Broken Arrow, for which he was Oscar nominated. He was one of Universal Picturess most popular stars of the 1950s, his best known other credits including Sword in the Desert, Deported, Female on the Beach. He was notable for being gray-haired at an age. Chandler was born Ira Grossel to a Jewish family in the Brooklyn borough of New York City and he was raised by his mother after his parents separated when he was a child. He attended Erasmus Hall High School, the mater of many stage and film personalities. Chandlers father was connected with the restaurant business and got his son a job as a restaurant cashier. Chandler said he wanted to act, but courses for commercial art were cheaper, so he studied art for a year. Eventually he saved up money to take a drama course at the Feagin School of Dramatic Art in New York. He worked briefly in radio, then got a job in a company on Long Island as an actor. He worked for two years in companies, including a performance of The Trojan Horse opposite Gordon MacRae and his wife. Chandler formed his own company, the Shady Lane Playhouse, in Illinois in the summer of 1941 and this toured the Midwest with some success, presenting such plays as The Bad Man, Seventh Heaven, The New Minister and Pigs. When America entered World War Two Chandler enlisted in the army and he served for four years, mostly in the Aleutians, finishing with the rank of lieutenant. After being discharged from the Army, Chandler moved to Los Angeles in December 1945 with $3,000 he had saved. Shortly after his arrival he was involved in a car accident on the way to a screen test. Chandler initially struggled to work in Hollywood and had spent all his savings when he got his first job as a radio actor in May 1946. He went on to appear in episodes of drama series such as Escape and Academy Award Theater. Chandler was the first actor to portray Chad Remington in Frontier Town. He tested for Columbias The Loves of Carmen and did not get it but went on to small roles as gangsters in Roses are Red and The Invisible Wall
39.
Merrill's Marauders (film)
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The source is the non-fiction book The Marauders, written by Charlton Ogburn Jr. a communications officer who served with Merrills Marauders. The film begins with off-screen narration over black-and-white historical footage of the World War II Burmese campaign, the film then segues into Technicolor as we observe Lt. Stockton’s platoon moving through the jungle toward their first objective, the Japanese-held town of Walawbum. After Stockton radios Gen. Merrill that they are nearing their goal, he, afterwards, General Joseph Stilwell arrives in Walawbum to order Merrill on another objective, the railroad center of Shaduzup, and ultimately the strategic airstrip at Myitkyina. With reluctance, Merrill later summons Stockton to brief him on their next mission, the brigade continues their mission up steep mountains for several days and nights before digging in just outside Myitkyina. As night falls, the unit endures a massive artillery barrage, the dawn then brings a Japanese banzai attack, which Merrill’s men successfully repel. Then, while desperately rallying what is left of his unit to move on to the base at Myitkyina, the men, led by Stockton, slowly rise up and trudge onward toward Myitkyina as an incredulous Doc cradles Merrill in his arms. In fact, it is Doc’s off-screen narration we hear next as he informs us that Myitkyina was indeed taken, Jeff Chandler as Brig. Gen. Frank D. Merrill Ty Hardin as 2nd Lt. Lee Stockton Peter Brown as Bullseye Andrew Duggan as Capt, abraham Lewis Kolodny, MD Will Hutchins as Chowhound Claude Akins as Sgt. Doskis Samuel Vaughan Wilson as Lt. S, due to bad weather, Fuller shot six days over the allotted 41-day shooting schedule. Sperling approached the experienced Samuel Fuller to write and direct The Marauders in early 1961, Fuller was then attempting to have Warner Bros. finance and make his dream project, The Big Red One, and initially refused Sperlings offer. Warner summoned Fuller and told him that Merrills Marauders would be a dry run for his The Big Red One, for the lead role, Fuller wanted Gary Cooper, who refused it because of ill-health. Fuller was impressed with former Universal Pictures contract star Jeff Chandler, Samuel Fuller and Milton Sperling simplify, but follow the events and narrative of Ogburns historical account. The screenplay also features a medical officer Doc continually briefing Merrill on the physical and psychological condition of the men. Stock and Doc are a Greek Chorus that explains decisions, morale, unlike the characters in The Naked and the Dead who continually have flashbacks and viciously hate each other, the Marauders are professional veterans who respect each other. They gradually deteriorate when the one mission becomes two, then three, then a one, and a beat-the-clock narrative in capturing an airstrip before the monsoon grounds aircraft. The audience sees the effects on the men of not only action, but hunger, tropical diseases, disorientation, sleep deprivation. The soldiers continue, demonstrating superb combat leadership, professionalism, sacrifice, Merrills Marauders was photographed by William H. Clothier, who used a trick from his work on The Alamo, silence precedes and follows the loud battle scenes. Fuller also eschewed sound effects for the sound of blanks
40.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
41.
Gunsmoke
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Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston. The stories take place in and around Dodge City, Kansas, the central character is lawman Marshal Matt Dillon, played by William Conrad on radio and James Arness on television. When aired in the UK, the series was initially titled Gun Law. The radio series ran from 1952 to 1961, John Dunning wrote that among radio drama enthusiasts, Gunsmoke is routinely placed among the best shows of any kind and any time. The television series ran for 20 seasons from 1955 to 1975, at the end of its run in 1975, Los Angeles Times columnist Cecil Smith wrote, Gunsmoke was the dramatization of the American epic legend of the west. Our own Iliad and Odyssey, created from elements of the dime novel and the pulp western as romanticized by Buntline, Harte. It was ever the stuff of legend, robinson instructed his West Coast CBS Vice President, Harry Ackerman, who had developed the Philip Marlowe series, to take on the task. Ackerman and his scriptwriters, Mort Fine and David Friedkin, created a script called Mark Dillon Goes to Gouge Eye based on one of their Michael Shayne radio scripts. Two auditions were created in 1949, CBS liked the Culver version better, and Ackerman was told to proceed. A complication arose, though, Culvers contract as the star of Straight Arrow would not allow him to do another Western series, the project was shelved for three years, when producer Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston discovered it while creating an adult Western series of their own. Macdonnell and Meston wanted to create a radio Western for adults, in contrast to the prevailing juvenile fare such as The Lone Ranger, Gunsmoke was set in Dodge City, Kansas, during the thriving cattle days of the 1870s. Dunning notes, The show drew critical acclaim for unprecedented realism, the radio series first aired on CBS on April 26,1952 with the episode Billy the Kid, written by Walter Newman, and ended on June 18,1961. The show stars William Conrad as Marshal Matt Dillon, Howard McNear as Doc Charles Adams, Georgia Ellis as Kitty Russell, Dillon was played on radio by William Conrad and on TV by James Arness. Conrad was one of the last actors to audition for the role of Marshal Dillon, with a resonantly powerful and distinctive voice, Conrad was already one of radios busiest actors. Though Meston championed him, Macdonnell thought Conrad might be overexposed, during his audition, however, Conrad won over Macdonnell after reading only a few lines. Dillon as portrayed by Conrad was a lonely, isolated man, Macdonnell later claimed, Much of Matt Dillons character grew out of Bill Conrad. Meston relished the upending of cherished Western fiction clichés and felt that few Westerns gave any inkling of how brutal the Old West was in reality. Many episodes were based on mans cruelty to man and woman, inasmuch as the womans life
42.
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour
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The following is a list of the 93 episodes of the television program The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, which is a continuation of the program Alfred Hitchcock Presents. The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, like its predecessor, is a series in the thriller genre. NBC renamed the program when they extended its running-time from about 25 minutes to about 50 minutes, both programs were hosted by Alfred Hitchcock, whose directorial work in thriller films is extremely influential. The Alfred Hitchcock Hour premiered on 20 September 1962, three months after the conclusion of the seventh and final season of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, in its new incarnation with a 50-minute running time, the show lasted for three seasons. NBC broadcast the episode on 10 May 1965. List of Alfred Hitchcock Presents episodes Alfred Hitchcocks Mystery Magazine The Alfred Hitchcock Hour at the Internet Movie Database
43.
Mars
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is referred to as the Red Planet because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet, Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan, there are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life. Future astrobiology missions are planned, including the Mars 2020 and ExoMars rovers, liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is about 6⁄1000 that of the Earths, except at the lowest elevations for short periods. The two polar ice caps appear to be largely of water. The volume of ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted. On November 22,2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars. The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior, Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish coloring. Its apparent magnitude reaches −2.91, which is surpassed only by Jupiter, Venus, the Moon, optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 kilometers across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earths atmosphere. Mars is approximately half the diameter of Earth with an area only slightly less than the total area of Earths dry land. Mars is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earths volume and 11% of Earths mass, the red-orange appearance of the Martian surface is caused by iron oxide, or rust. It can look like butterscotch, other common colors include golden, brown, tan. Like Earth, Mars has differentiated into a metallic core overlaid by less dense materials. Current models of its interior imply a core with a radius of about 1,794 ±65 kilometers, consisting primarily of iron and this iron sulfide core is thought to be twice as rich in lighter elements than Earths. The core is surrounded by a mantle that formed many of the tectonic and volcanic features on the planet
44.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
Media related to Will Hutchins at Wikimedia Commons
