1.
New Haven, Connecticut
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New Haven, in the U. S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut, with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census, according to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741. New Haven was founded in 1638 by English Puritans, and a year later eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid, the central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre square, and the center of Downtown New Haven. The Green is now a National Historic Landmark and the Nine Square Plan is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark, New Haven is the home of Yale University. The university is an part of the citys economy, being New Havens biggest taxpayer and employer. Health care, professional services, financial services, and retail trade also help to form a base for the city. The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, New Haven has since billed itself as the Cultural Capital of Connecticut for its supply of established theaters, museums, and music venues. New Haven is also the birthplace of George W. Bush, New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees that gave New Haven the nickname The Elm City. The area was visited by Dutch explorer Adriaen Block in 1614. Dutch traders set up a trading system of beaver pelts with the local inhabitants, but trade was sporadic. In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area, the Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection. By 1640, the theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place. However, the north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony, at the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. Economic disaster struck the colony in 1646, however, when the town sent its first fully loaded ship of goods back to England. This ship never reached the Old World, and its disappearance stymied New Havens development in the face of the rising power of Boston. In 1660, founder John Davenports wishes were fulfilled, and Hopkins School was founded in New Haven with money from the estate of Edward Hopkins, in 1661, the judges who had signed the death warrant of Charles I of England were pursued by Charles II
2.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
3.
University of Edinburgh
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The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotlands ancient universities. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city of Edinburgh, the University of Edinburgh was ranked 17th and 21st in the world by the 2014–15 and 2015-16 QS rankings. It is now ranked 19th in the according to 2016-17 QS Rankings. It is ranked 16th in the world in arts and humanities by the 2015–16 Times Higher Education Ranking and it is ranked the 23rd most employable university in the world by the 2015 Global Employability University Ranking. It is ranked as the 6th best university in Europe by the U. S. News Best Global Universities Ranking and it is a member of both the Russell Group, and the League of European Research Universities, a consortium of 21 research universities in Europe. It has the third largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, after the universities of Cambridge and it continues to have links to the British Royal Family, having had the Duke of Edinburgh as its Chancellor from 1953 to 2010 and Princess Anne since 2011. Edinburgh receives approximately 50,000 applications every year, making it the fourth most popular university in the UK by volume of applicants, after St Andrews, it is the most difficult university to gain admission into in Scotland, and 9th overall in the UK. This was a move at the time, as most universities were established through Papal bulls. Established as the Tounis College, it opened its doors to students in October 1583, instruction began under the charge of another St Andrews graduate Robert Rollock. It was the fourth Scottish university in a period when the more populous. It was renamed King Jamess College in 1617, by the 18th century, the university was a leading centre of the Scottish Enlightenment. The universitys first custom-built building was the Old College, now Edinburgh Law School and its first forte in teaching was anatomy and the developing science of surgery, from which it expanded into many other subjects. From the basement of a nearby house ran the anatomy tunnel corridor and it went under what was then North College Street, and under the university buildings until it reached the universitys anatomy lecture theatre, delivering bodies for dissection. It was from this tunnel the body of William Burke was taken after he had been hanged, towards the end of the 19th century, Old College was becoming overcrowded and Robert Rowand Anderson was commissioned to design new Medical School premises in 1875. The medical school was more or less built to his design and was completed by the addition of the McEwan Hall in the 1880s. The building now known as New College was originally built as a Free Church college in the 1840s and has been the home of divinity at the university since the 1920s. The two oldest schools – law and divinity – are both well-esteemed, with law being based in Old College and divinity in New College on the Mound and they are also represented by the Edinburgh University Sports Union which was founded in 1866. The medical school is renowned throughout the world and it was widely considered the best medical school in the English-speaking world throughout the 18th century and first half of the 19th century
4.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
5.
The Dove (1927 film)
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The Dove is an American silent film directed by Roland West and starring Norma Talmadge, Noah Beery, and Gilbert Roland, and based on a 1925 Broadway play by Willard Mack. The original story is about a Mexican despot, who falls in love with a dancing girl, due to the political repercussions of condemning Mexico, it was decided to relocate the plot to some anonymous Mediterranean country. The film was Norma Talmadges first feature for United Artists, at the Library of Congress are reels 1,3,4, and 8. The film is missing reels 2,5,6,7, in 1932, Herbert Brenon directed a new talkie version named Girl of the Rio, starred by Dolores del Rio for RKO Radio Pictures. The Dove won the 1929 Academy Award for Best Art Direction for William Cameron Menzies, the Dove at the American Film Institute Catalog The Dove at the Internet Movie Database The Dove at AllMovie alternative lobby advertisement
6.
Tempest (1928 film)
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Tempest is a feature silent film directed by Sam Taylor. Nemirovich-Dantchenko wrote the screenplay and William Cameron Menzies won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work in the film in 1929, john Barrymore and Camilla Horn star in the film, with Louis Wolheim co-starring. Preserved by two US archives George Eastman House and UCLA Film and TV, the film is set during final days of Czarist Russia and revolves around a peasant who rises through the ranks of the Russian army ending up a Lieutenant. His life is increasingly difficult by the aristocrats and officers around him who are resentful of his progress. He then finds himself rejected by a princess he falls in love with and, there he is stripped of his rank but soon after the Russian Civil War starts and as a result of the Red Terror the tables are turned. Ivan Markov Camilla Horn - Princess Tamara Louis Wolheim - Sgt, the award was originally called Best Interior Decoration. Tempest at the Internet Movie Database Tempest at SilentEra Tempest at Virtual History
7.
Gone with the Wind (film)
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Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from Margaret Mitchells 1936 novel Gone with the Wind. It was produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures, the leading roles are portrayed by Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Leslie Howard, and Olivia de Havilland. Production was difficult from the start, filming was delayed for two years due to Selznicks determination to secure Gable for the role of Rhett Butler, and the search for Scarlett led to 1,400 women being interviewed for the part. The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard, but underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to get it down to a suitable length, the film received positive reviews upon its release in December 1939, although some reviewers found it dramatically lacking and bloated. The casting was praised and many reviewers found Leigh especially suited to her role as Scarlett. It set records for the number of wins and nominations at the time. The film was popular, becoming the highest-earning film made up to that point. When adjusted for inflation, it is still the most successful film in box-office history. It was re-released periodically throughout the 20th century and became ingrained in popular culture, part 1 On the eve of the American Civil War in 1861, Scarlett OHara lives at Tara, her familys cotton plantation in Georgia, with her parents and two sisters. At the Twelve Oaks party, Scarlett secretly declares her feelings to Ashley, Scarlett is incensed when she discovers another guest, Rhett Butler, has overheard their conversation, a smitten Rhett promises Scarlett he will keep her secret. The barbecue is disrupted by the declaration of war and the men rush to enlist, as Scarlett watches Ashley kiss Melanie goodbye, Melanies younger brother Charles proposes to her. Although she does not love him, Scarlett consents and they are married before he leaves to fight, Scarlett is widowed when Charles dies from a bout of pneumonia and measles while serving in the Confederate Army. Scarletts mother sends her to the Hamilton home in Atlanta to cheer her up, Scarlett, who should not attend a party while in mourning, attends a charity bazaar in Atlanta with Melanie where she runs into Rhett again, now a blockade runner for the Confederacy. Celebrating a Confederate victory and to money for the Confederate war effort. Rhett makes a large bid for Scarlett and, to the disapproval of the guests. The tide of war turns against the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg in which many of the men of Scarletts town are killed, upon her return home, Scarlett finds Tara deserted, except for her father, her sisters, and two former slaves, Mammy and Pork. Scarlett learns that her mother has just died of fever and her father has become incompetent. With Tara pillaged by Union troops and the fields untended, Scarlett vows she will do anything for the survival of her family and herself
8.
Silent film
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A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936, in silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise, an orchestra would play from sheet music. The term silent film is therefore a retronym—that is, a term created to distinguish something retroactively, the early films with sound, starting with The Jazz Singer in 1927, were referred to as talkies, sound films, or talking pictures. A September 2013 report by the United States Library of Congress announced that a total of 70% of American silent feature films are believed to be completely lost, the earliest precursors of film began with image projection through the use of a device known as the magic lantern. This utilized a glass lens, a shutter and a persistent light source, such as a powerful lantern and these slides were originally hand-painted, but still photographs were used later on after the technological advent of photography in the nineteenth century. The invention of a practical photography apparatus preceded cinema by only fifty years, the next significant step towards film creation was the development of an understanding of image movement. Simulations of movement date as far back as to 1828 and only four years after Paul Roget discovered the phenomenon he called Persistence of Vision. This experience was further demonstrated through Rogets introduction of the thaumatrope, the first projected primary proto-movie was made by Eadweard Muybridge between 1877 and 1880. Muybridge set up a row of cameras along a racetrack and timed image exposures to capture the many stages of a horses gallop, the oldest surviving film was created by Louis Le Prince in 1888. It was a film of people walking in Oakwood streets garden. Edison also made a business of selling Kinetograph and Kinetoscope equipment, due to Edisons lack of securing an international patent on his film inventions, similar devices were invented around the world. The Lumière brothers, for example, created the Cinématographe in France, the Cinématographe proved to be a more portable and practical device than both of Edisons as it combined a camera, film processor and projector in one unit. In contrast to Edisons peepshow-style kinetoscope, which one person could watch through a viewer. Their first film, Sortie de lusine Lumière de Lyon, shot in 1894, is considered the first true motion picture, the invention of celluloid film, which was strong and flexible, greatly facilitated the making of motion pictures. This film was 35 mm wide and pulled using four sprocket holes and this doomed the cinematograph, which could only use film with just one sprocket hole. From the very beginnings of film production, the art of motion pictures grew into maturity in the silent era. Silent filmmakers pioneered the art form to the extent that virtually every style, the silent era was also pioneering era from a technical point of view
9.
Scottish people
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The Scottish people, or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century, and are thought to have been ethnolinguistically Celts. Later, the neighbouring Cumbrian Britons, who spoke a Celtic language, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons. In modern usage, Scottish people or Scots is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, the Latin word Scotti, originally the word referred specifically to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also used for Scottish people. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and he states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in countries other than Scotland. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture, large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world, Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their origin myths. The Venerable Bede tells of the Scotti coming from Spain via Ireland, Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse invaded and colonized parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was emigration from France, England. Some famous Scottish family names, including bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, culturally, these peoples are grouped according to language. Most of Scotland until the 13th century spoke Celtic languages and these included, at least initially, the Britons, as well as the Gaels and the Picts. Germanic peoples included the Angles of Northumbria, who settled in south-eastern Scotland in the region between the Firth of Forth to the north and the River Tweed to the south. They also occupied the south-west of Scotland up to and including the Plain of Kyle and their language, south-east of the Firth of Forth, then in Lothian and the Borders, a northern variety of Old English, also known as Early Scots, was spoken. The Northern Isles and some parts of Caithness were Norn-speaking, from 1500 on, Scotland was commonly divided by language into two groups of people, Gaelic-speaking Highlanders and the Inglis-speaking Lowlanders
10.
Aberfeldy, Perth and Kinross
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Aberfeldy is a burgh in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, on the River Tay. A small market town, Aberfeldy is located in Highland Perthshire and it is also mentioned in a well-known poem by Robert Burns. General Wade considered this bridge to be his greatest accomplishment, Aberfeldy is also mentioned in the traditional Loch Tay Boat Song. The town also includes a memorial to the Black Watch, an 18-hole golf course, a park. In 2002, Aberfeldy was granted Fairtrade Town status, which was renewed by the Fairtrade Foundation on 15 December 2003, the Aberfeldy Footbridge over the River Tay is constructed entirely of composite materials. It connects two holes of the golf course on either side of the River Tay. Breadalbane Cricket Club, founded in 1869, play matches at Victoria Park in Aberfeldy. The team are the Perthshire Cup Winners for 2007 and 2008, lying in a u-shaped strath common to Scotlands glaciated landscape, the terrain in and around Aberfeldy is gently undulating. Farming and agriculture border the town in the strath, areas further outside of Aberfeldy give way to the extensive Grampian Mountains, with scenic peaks such as Creag Odhar, Farragon, Schiehallion, Ben Lawers and Sron Mhor punctuating the landscape. Aberfeldy lies at the intersection of two A roads, the A826 to Crieff and the A827, which leads east and south towards the main A9 trunk road. Aberfeldy is easily reached from southern locations by taking the A9 to the Ballinluig exit, owing to its location off the A9 trunk road, Aberfeldy is less geared toward tourists than its cousin Pitlochry. From July 1865 until May 1965, the town was served by a Highland Railway branch from Ballinluig, although most of the trackbed leading into the town is still extant, the site of the station has vanished under modern housing developments. The entrance to the Birks of Aberfeldy – a well known gorge, the Birks is classified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and contains many varieties of flora and fauna, some of which are protected. Glen Lyon, widely regarded as one of Scotlands most stunning and least-visited glens, evidence of fort construction by Roman legions several thousand years ago exists to this day, further evidence of the regions historical as well as geographical relevance. At the mouth of Glen Lyon lies the village of Fortingall, legendary birthplace of Pontius Pilate and home to the Fortingall Yew Tree, Aberfeldy has a brand new primary and secondary school called Breadalbane Academy that opened in December 2010. Aberfeldy Parish Church meets in the former Breadalbane Church building in Taybridge Road, there is also a Roman Catholic church in Home Street. The buildings formerly used as Congregational, Free, and Episcopal churches are now all used for other purposes, jehovahs Witnesses meet in the local Kingdom Hall. Aberfeldy does not have a theatre or a music hall, however it does have two community venues, used regularly for music and drama, in the Town Hall and the Locus Centre
11.
United States Army
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The United States Army is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, the United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775. As a uniformed service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army. As a branch of the forces, the mission of the U. S. The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States, the United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U. S. Section 3062 of Title 10, U. S, the army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, a number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills. The army fought numerous pitched battles and in the South in 1780–81 sometimes used the Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics, hitting where the British were weakest, to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton, but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776, with a decisive victory at Yorktown, and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British. After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates, State militias became the new nations sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Points arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The War of 1812, the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U. S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh, which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U. S. victories in the Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops, were able to capture and burn Washington, which was defended by militia, in 1814. Two weeks after a treaty was signed, Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and Siege of Fort St. Philip, U. S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane, Levant, and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides, the United States and Great Britain, returned to the status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict, the armys major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars to defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma
12.
Art Students League of New York
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The Art Students League of New York is an art school located on West 57th Street in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Although artists may study full-time, there have never been any degree programs or grades, the League also maintains a significant permanent collection of student and faculty work, and publishes an online journal of writing on art-related topics, entitled LINEA. The breakaway group of students included women, and was originally housed in rented rooms at 16th Street. Influential board members from this period included painter Thomas Eakins. Membership continued to increase, forcing the League to relocate to larger spaces. In 1889, the League participated in the founding of the American Fine Arts Society, together with the Society of American Artists, the American Fine Arts Building at 215 West 57th Street, constructed as their joint headquarters, has continued to house the League since 1892. In the late 1890s and early 1900s an increasing number of artists came to study. Among them was a young Miss Wilhelmina Weber Furlong and eventually her husband Thomas Furlong, the avant-garde couple served the league in executive and administrative roles and as student members throughout the American modernism movement. Alice Van Vechten Brown, who would later develop some of the first art programs in American higher education, in the years after World War II, the G. I. Bill played an important role in the history of the League by enabling returning veterans to attend classes. As of 2010, the League remains an important part of New York City art life, from 1906 until 1922, and again after the end of World War II from 1947 until 1979, the League operated a summer school of painting at Woodstock, New York. In 1995, the Leagues facilities expanded to include the Vytlacil campus in Sparkill, New York, named after and based upon a gift of the property, since its inception, the Art Students League has employed notable professional artists as instructors and lecturers. Most engagements have been for a year or two, and some, like those of sculptor George Grey Barnard, were quite brief. Others have taught for decades, notably Frank DuMond and George Bridgman, bridgmans successor was Robert Beverly Hale. In 1988, Robert Cenedella took over the George Grosz Chair, luis Mora, Robert Neffson, Maxfield Parrish, Jules Pascin, Joseph Pennell, Richard C. Pionk, Larry Poons, Richard Pousette-Dart, Abraham Rattner, Peter Reginato, Frank J. Alden Weir, and William Zorach
13.
Famous Players-Lasky
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Famous Players-Lasky, under the direction of Zukor, is perhaps best known for its vertical integration of the film industry and block booking practices. In September 1927, Famous Players-Lasky was reorganized under the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, the Balaban and Katz Historical Foundation now owns the Famous Players trademark. The former Famous Players-Lasky Movie Ranch at Lasky Mesa in the Simi Hills is now within the Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve, the Astoria studio was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The district encompasses six contributing buildings, in 1920, film-production companies Famous Players Films and Jesse L. Lasky Feature Plays signed a distribution deal with William Wadsworth Hodkinsons Paramount Pictures Corporation. Accordingly, less than a year into their contracts the two men began looking for a way to buy Hodkinson out of Paramount and to incorporate the three companies. In late 1915 Zukor began buying as much Paramount stock as possible, including stocks belonging to Hiram Abrams, a member of the Paramount board of directors. On July 13,1916, at Paramount Corporations annual board meeting, Hodkinson found himself ousted from the presidency and replaced by Abrams, who won the seat by a single vote. After accepting the presidency, Abrams announced to the board, On behalf of Adolph Zukor, however, on December 29,1917, all of the subsidiaries were incorporated into one entity called the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation. However, Zukor was not satisfied simply with consolidation, the cost of producing films was rising – screenplays cost more to purchase and the rise of the star system meant that celebrities were demanding higher salaries. Zukor needed to increase revenue, and he would do so over the ten years by integrating film production, distribution and exhibition into one corporation. In 1919, Famous Players-Lasky faced a boycott from the First National Exhibitions Circuit, the Circuit disagreed with the Corporations distribution practices, which required theaters to purchase large blocks of feature films, often sight-unseen. Selective Bookings in which exhibitors were allowed to purchase a single film, the Circuits protest of these practices and boycott of Famous Players-Lasky films put the Corporation in desperate need of its own theaters. In 1919, Zukor began directing the purchase of theater chains across the nation, in order to weaken First National, Zukor also sent Lynch and Black to acquire theaters held by First National members, often employing heavy-handed tactics. By the mid-1920s, the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation was one of the largest theater owners in the world, with a controlling interest in the Rialto, Rivoli and Criterion theater chains. However, in 1921 the corporation hit a stumbling block when Zukors practice of block booking films. In addition to block-booking charges, the case also accused Famous Players-Lasky of using theater acquisition to intimidate film exhibitors into agreeing to unwanted block booking deals, the theater owner reportedly withstood threats and goon-squad intimidation that recalled the tactics of the former Edison Trust. After reviewing a massive 17,000 pages of testimony and 15,000 pages of exhibits the FTC concluded in early 1927 that block booking was an unfair trade practice. On July 9,1927, it ordered the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation to cease and desist block booking practices, the three respondents- Adolph Zukor, Jesse Lasky and the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation- were given 60 days to comply with the ruling
14.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
15.
The Thief of Bagdad (1924 film)
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The Thief of Bagdad is a 1924 American swashbuckler film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Douglas Fairbanks. Freely adapted from One Thousand and One Nights, it tells the story of a thief who falls in love with the daughter of the Caliph of Bagdad. In 1996, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, Fairbanks considered this to be the favorite of his films, according to his son. The imaginative gymnastics suited the athletic star, whose catlike, seemingly effortless movements, were as much dance as gymnastics, along with his earlier Robin Hood, the film marked Fairbankss transformation from genial comedy to a career in swashbuckling roles. The movie, strong on special effects of the period and featuring massive Arabian-style sets, also proved to be a stone for Anna May Wong. The Thief of Bagdad is now considered one of the great silent films. The superb visual design, spectacle, imaginative splendor, and visual effects, along with his bravura performance, Ahmed robs as he pleases in the city of Baghdad. Wandering into a mosque, he tells the man he disdains his religion, his philosophy is, What I want. That night, he sneaks into the palace of the using a magic rope he stole during ritual prayers. All thoughts of plunder are forgotten when he sees the sleeping princess, the princesss Mongol slave discovers him and alerts the guards, but he gets away. When his associate reminds the disconsolate Ahmed that a thief once stole another princess during the reign of Haroun al-Rashid. The next day is the princesss birthday, three princes arrive, seeking her hand in marriage. Another of the princesss slaves foretells that she will marry he who first touches a rose-tree in her garden, the princess watches anxiously as first the glowering Prince of the Indies, then the obese Prince of Persia, and finally the Prince of the Mongols pass by the rose-tree. The mere sight of the Mongol fills the princess with fear, the Mongol slave tells her countryman of the prophecy, but before he can touch the rose-tree, Ahmeds startled horse tosses its rider into it. That night, following ancient custom, the princess chooses Ahmed for her husband, out of love, Ahmed gives up his plan to abduct her and confesses all to her in private. The Mongol prince learns from his spy, the princesss Mongol slave, Ahmed is lashed mercilessly, and the caliph orders he be torn apart by a giant ape, but the princess has the guards bribed to let him go. When the caliph insists she select another husband, her loyal slave advises her to delay and she asks that the princes each bring her a gift after seven moons, she will marry the one who brings her the rarest. In despair, Ahmed turns to the holy man and he tells the thief to become a prince, revealing to him the peril-fraught path to a great treasure
16.
Sadie Thompson
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The film stars Gloria Swanson, Lionel Barrymore, and Raoul Walsh, and was one of Swansons better known silent films. Due to the matter, the making of the film was extremely controversial. However, it was a financial and critical success for Swanson, the film was based on the short story Rain by W. Somerset Maugham and the 1922 play that was based on the book by John Colton and Clemence Randolph, starring Jeanne Eagels. A smoking, drinking, jazz listening, young prostitute named Sadie Thompson arrives at Pago Pago, at the same time, moralists arrive, including Mr. and Mrs. Davidson. They all end up staying in the hotel, where the Davidsons plot to teach the natives about sin. Sadie begins to fall in love with Sergeant Timothy OHara, who is not fazed by her past and he tells her that he has a best friend who married a former prostitute, and the couple now live happily in Australia. Davidson sets about trying to redeem Sadie, much to her disgust and he tricks her into telling him about her past in San Francisco and, once she refuses to repent, he declares that he will go to the Governor and have her deported. Sadie is terrified of the threat, but OHara assures her that it not happen. He tells her he wishes she would go to Australia and wait for his term of service to finish, Davidson gets his way, however, and Sadie is livid. She and OHara go to the Governor, begging him to let her go to Australia instead of back to San Francisco, Davidson has also managed to get OHara punished for being immoral, but Sadie will be able to go to Australia instead if Davidson approves. Sadie pleads with him, but to no avail and she eventually confesses that, if she goes back to San Francisco, there is a man there who wont let her go straight, which is what she wants to do. Davidson figures out this means there is a warrant for her arrest back in San Francisco. Sadie claims that she was framed and is innocent, but will go to if she is sent back. Davidson still refuses, saying she must atone for her past, Sadie pleads and pleads and eventually offers to repent. Davidson, however, says that the way to fully repent is for her to go to prison. Sadie runs to her room, crying out for Davidson, Davidson returns and Sadie confesses she is afraid. Davidson then tells her that, if she repents, there will be nothing to fear, Sadie prays for three whole days. She has put away her old things and has become a modest woman, OHara returns and finds Davidson is gone, apparently trying to stop the locals from dancing on the beach
17.
Joseph M. Schenck
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Joseph Michael Schenck was an American film studio executive. Schenck was born in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, to Jewish parents, in 1916, through his involvement in the film business, Joseph Schenck met and married Norma Talmadge, a top young star with Vitagraph Studios. He would be the first of her three husbands, but she was his only wife, Schenck supervised, controlled and nurtured her career in alliance with her mother. In 1917 the couple formed the Norma Talmadge Film Corporation, which became a lucrative enterprise and they divorced in 1934, Schenck then built a home in Palm Springs, California. After parting ways with his brother, Joseph Schenck moved to the West Coast where the future of the industry seemed to lie. Within a few years Schenck was made the president of the new United Artists. The Political Graveyard reports that he was a delegate from California to the 1928 Republican National Convention. In 1933 he partnered with Darryl F. Zanuck to create Twentieth Century Pictures that merged with Fox Film Corporation in 1935, as chairman of the new 20th Century Fox, he was one of the most powerful and influential people in the film business. Caught in a scheme to buy peace with the militant unions, he was convicted of income tax evasion. Following his release, he returned to 20th Century Fox where he became infatuated with an actress named Marilyn Monroe. One of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and he has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6757 Hollywood Blvd. Schenck retired in 1957 and shortly afterward suffered a stroke, from which he never fully recovered and he died in Los Angeles in 1961 at the age of 82, and was interred in Maimonides Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Joseph M. Schenck at the Internet Movie Database
18.
The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Dukas)
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The Sorcerers Apprentice is a symphonic poem by the French composer Paul Dukas, written in 1896–97. Subtitled Scherzo after a ballad by Goethe, the piece was based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethes 1797 poem of the same name and it was customary, in fact, to publish the poem as part of the orchestral score. Dukas also made a transcription for two pianos of this orchestral piece, Disney had acquired the music rights in 1937 when he planned to release a separate Mickey Mouse film, which, at the suggestion of Leopold Stokowski, was eventually expanded into Fantasia. Stokowskis version for the soundtrack of Fantasia remains one of the most famous, although too early for high fidelity, the performance was recorded using multi-tracks and was the first use of stereophonic sound in a film. It is the part of the film for which Stokowski conducted a studio orchestra. In terms of the storyline of the film, the sorcerers final anger with his apprentice which appears in Fantasia does not appear in Goethes source poem, the popularity of the musical piece in Fantasia led to it being used again in Fantasia 2000. A decade prior to Fantasia, in 1930 William Cameron Menzies directed, one of the four, based on the Dukas music, was titled The Wizards Apprentice, this short film has been released on DVD and shown on Classic Arts Showcase. The Dukas piece and Goethe poem were also, by way of the film Fantasia, the Sorcerers Apprentice, Scores at the International Music Score Library Project LApprenti sorcier at MusicBrainz
19.
The Lottery Bride
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The Lottery Bride is a 1930 American Pre-Code movie musical starring Jeanette MacDonald, John Garrick, ZaSu Pitts, and Joe E. Brown. The film was produced by Joseph M. Schenck and Arthur Hammerstein, based on the musical by Rudolf Friml, william Cameron Menzies is credited with the production design and special effects. The films final reel was in Technicolor in the original 80-minute release in 1930, however, most existing prints are black-and-white prints of the shorter 1937 re-release. On December 14,2011, Turner Classic Movies presented a print of film from George Eastman House, which restored the tinted sequences. List of early color feature films The Lottery Bride at the Internet Movie Database
20.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938 film)
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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a 1938 American literature adaptation directed by Norman Taurog starring Tommy Kelly in the title role. The screenplay by John V. A. Weaver was based on the classic 1876 novel by Mark Twain, the picture was the first film version of the novel to be made in color. It was remade in 1973 as a musical and this was the fourth screen adaptation of the Twain novel, following versions released in 1907,1917, and 1930, and this the first filmed in Technicolor. H. C. Potter originally was signed to direct but was fired and replaced by Taurog after George Cukor declined the assignment, Cukor directed some scenes, but received no on-screen credit for his contributions. Kelly failed to achieve the status of fellow child actor Freddie Bartholomew. On the strength of the designs for the cave sequence executed by William Cameron Menzies, some exterior scenes were filmed at Big Bear Lake, Lake Malibu, Paramount Ranch in Agoura, California, and RKOs Encino movie ranch. Other scenes were filmed on recycled sets left over from A Star is Born, such as the Boldgett family home interior, Mississippi River long shots from Tom Saywer would later be reused in MGMs 1951 musical Showboat. B. R. Crisler told producer David O. Selznick to get busy on Gone with the Wind, will you, Film Daily called it a triumph for all concerned. John Mosher of The New Yorker praised Kelly and Gillis as altogether very much the Twain children, time Out London called the film extraordinarily handsome to look at, with exquisite Technicolor camerawork by Wong Howe and some imaginative designs. Has its longueurs, but it does capture the sense of a lazy Mississippi summer and much of the spirit of the book, TV Guide described it as a lively production featuring a quick pace, a chilling climax, and a surprising amount of wit. It received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction, the film lost $302,000 at the box office. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released a version of Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn with a different cast the following year, replacing Jackie Moran with Mickey Rooney
21.
David O. Selznick
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David O. Selznick was an American film producer, screenwriter and film studio executive. He is best known for producing Gone with the Wind and Rebecca, David Selznick was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Florence Anna and silent movie producer and distributor Lewis J. Selznick. His parents were Ukrainian Jewish immigrants and he had four siblings and his dad was born in Kyiv in 1870. Selznick added the O to distinguish himself from an uncle with the same name and he studied at Columbia University in New York City and worked as an apprentice for his father until the elders bankruptcy in 1923. In 1926, Selznick moved to Hollywood, and with the help of his fathers connections and he left MGM for Paramount Pictures in 1928, where he worked until 1931, when he joined RKO as Head of Production. David Selznicks years at RKO were fruitful, and he worked on films, including A Bill of Divorcement. Rockabye, Bird of Paradise, Our Betters, and King Kong, while at RKO, he also gave George Cukor his directing break. In 1933 he returned to MGM where his father-in-law, Louis B, mayer established a second prestige production unit for David, parallel to that of powerful Irving Thalberg, who was in poor health. Selznicks unit output included the all star cast movie Dinner at Eight, David Copperfield, Anna Karenina, despite his output of successful movies at MGM, Paramount Pictures, and RKO Pictures, Selznick longed to be an independent producer with his own studio. In 1935 he realized that goal by leasing RKO Culver City Studios & back lot, formed Selznick International Pictures, Gone with the Wind won eight Oscars and two special awards. Selznick also won the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award that same year, in 1940 he produced his second Best Picture Oscar winner in a row, Rebecca, the first Hollywood production for British director Alfred Hitchcock. Selznick had brought Hitchcock over from England, launching the directors American career, Rebecca was Hitchcocks only film to win Best Picture. After Rebecca, Selznick closed Selznick International Pictures and took time off. His business activities included the loan of his artists to other studios, including Alfred Hitchcock, Ingrid Bergman, Vivien Leigh. In 1944, he formed The Selznick Studio and returned to producing pictures with the huge success Since You Went Away and he followed that with the Hitchcock films Spellbound and The Paradine Case, as well as Portrait of Jennie, a vehicle for Jennifer Jones. He also developed projects and sold the packages to other producers. Among the movies that he developed but then sold was Hitchcocks Notorious, in 1949 he co-produced the Carol Reed picture The Third Man with Alexander Korda. Gone with the Wind overshadowed the rest of Selznicks career, later, he was convinced that he had wasted his life trying to out do it
22.
Selznick International Pictures
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Selznick International Pictures was a Hollywood motion picture studio created by David O. Selznick in 1935, and dissolved in 1943. The studio itself had built in 1918–19 by film pioneer Thomas Ince. When Ince died in 1924 the studio was taken over by Cecil B, eventually Pathe took over and then in the 1930s it became part of RKO. In 1957 it would part of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnazs company. Selznick leased offices at the studio during the first year or so, even though the studio reverted to RKO in the 1940s, Selznick kept offices there for the rest of his life. He raised an additional $300,000 from small investors in New York, Whitney himself became chairman of the board, and Selznick president, of the new company. Selznick International assumed Pioneers contract to make at least six pictures in the new full-color Technicolor process, unlike his peers in the major studios, wrote film historian Leonard J. Leff, Selznick produced films as medieval architects built cathedrals, one by one. Selznick intended to produce a few each year, a plan which he hoped would allow him to be as picky and careful as he liked. He said to his companys board in 1935, There are only two kinds of merchandise that can be made profitably in this business, either the very cheap pictures or the very expensive pictures. Selznick believed, there is no alternative open to us but to attempt to compete with the very best. By 1940, Selznick International Pictures was the film studio in Hollywood. Jock Whitney and his sister Joan Whitney Payson acquired Gone with the Wind, at the time of the final dissolution in 1943, three features were in production or pre-production, although they were released in 1944 and 1945. To complete his obligation to deliver two more pictures to United Artists, Selznick formed David O. Selznick Productions in 1940 at the studio location. The new company took over the old companys contracts with individual directors and actors. After the dissolution of Selznick International, Selznick established Vanguard Films, Inc. in 1943, Vanguard was created to continue his productions, while Selznick Releasing was made to distribute output by Vanguard. Previously, Vanguard released through United Artists, of which Vanguard owned one-third of its stock, as with Selznick International, Vanguard was located at the RKO studio. Films were distributed by United Artists unless noted, Selznick formed Vanguard Films to complete projects in progress at the time Selznick International Pictures was dissolved. Films were distributed by United Artists unless noted, the rights to the Selznick library have been scattered, as noted in the following timeline
23.
Technicolor
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Technicolor is the name applied to a series of color motion picture processes, the first version dating from 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. It was the major color process, after Britains Kinemacolor. As the technology matured it was used for less spectacular dramas. Occasionally, even a film noir—such as Leave Her to Heaven or Niagara —was filmed in Technicolor, Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color motion picture processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation, now a division of the French company Technicolor SA. The Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation was founded in Boston in 1914 by Herbert Kalmus, Daniel Frost Comstock, the Tech in the companys name was inspired by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where both Kalmus and Comstock received their undergraduate degrees and were later instructors. Technicolor, Inc. was chartered in Delaware in 1921, most of Technicolors early patents were taken out by Comstock and Wescott, while Kalmus served primarily as the companys president and chief executive officer. The term Technicolor historically has been used to describe at least five concepts, Technicolor, Technicolor process or format, several custom image origination systems used in film production, culminating in the three-strip process in 1932. Technicolor IB printing, a process for making color motion picture prints that allows the use of dyes which are more stable, originally used for printing from color separation negatives photographed on black-and-white film in a special Technicolor camera. This meaning of the name applies to nearly all Wikipedia articles about films made from 1954 onward in which Technicolor is named in the credits, Technicolor originally existed in a two-color system. Because two frames were being exposed at the time, the film had to be photographed and projected at twice the normal speed. Exhibition required a special projector with two apertures, two lenses, and a prism that aligned the two images on the screen. The results were first demonstrated to members of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in New York on February 21,1917, the near-constant need for a technician to adjust the projection alignment doomed this additive color process. Only a few frames of The Gulf Between, showing star Grace Darmond, are known to exist today, convinced that there was no future in additive color processes, Comstock, Wescott, and Kalmus focused their attention on subtractive color processes. This culminated in what would eventually be known as Process 2, the difference was that the two-component negative was now used to produce a subtractive color print. Because the colors were present in the print, no special projection equipment was required. The frames exposed behind the filter were printed on one strip of black-and-white film. After development, each print was toned to a color nearly complementary to that of the filter, orange-red for the green-filtered images, the two prints, made on film stock half the thickness of regular film, were then cemented together back to back to create a projection print. The Toll of the Sea, which debuted on November 26,1922, the second all-color feature in Process 2 Technicolor, Wanderer of the Wasteland, was released in 1924
24.
Scenic design
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Scenic design is the creation of theatrical, as well as film or television scenery. Scenic designers come from a variety of backgrounds, but in recent years, are mostly trained professionals. Scenic designers design sets and scenery that aim to fully immerse the viewer in the production, a designer looks at the details searching for evidence through research to produce conceptual ideas that’s best toward supporting the content and values with visual elements. The subject of, “How do we generate creative ideas. ”The most consuming part of expanding our horizons toward scenic concepts is more than witnessing creativity. It starts with us opening our mind to the possibilities, to have an attitude toward learning, seeking, and engaging in creativity and to be willing to be adventurous, inquisitive and curious. Whether outside or inside, colorful trees or concerts, star lit skies or the architecture of a great building, discovering what will best clarify and support the story being told. The scenic designer works with the director and other designers to establish a visual concept for the production. All of these required drawing elements can be created from one accurate 3-D CAD model of the set design. Scenic designers are responsible for creating models of the scenery, renderings, paint elevations. Prague, CZ What is Scenography Article illustrating the differences between US and European theatre design practices Special, WhatLinksHere/Julia Anastasopoulos
25.
Battle of Atlanta
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The Battle of Atlanta was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22,1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. McPherson was killed during the battle, after taking the city, Shermans troops headed south-southeastward toward Milledgeville, the state capital, and on to Savannah with the March to the Sea. The fall of Atlanta was especially noteworthy for its political ramifications, in the 1864 election, former Union general George B. McClellan, a Democrat, ran against President Lincoln, on a platform calling for a truce with the Confederacy. In the Atlanta Campaign, Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman commanded the Union forces of the Western Theater, the main Union force in this battle was the Army of the Tennessee, under Maj. Gen. James B. He was one of Shermans and Grants favorite commanders, as he was very quick and aggressive. Within Shermans army, the XV Corps was commanded by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, the XVI Corps was commanded by Maj. Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, and Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair Jr. commanded the XVII Corps. During the months leading up to the battle, Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had repeatedly retreated from Shermans superior force. Thus, on July 17,1864, as he was preparing for the Battle of Peachtree Creek, Johnston was relieved of his command, the dismissal and replacement of Johnston remains one of the most controversial decisions of the civil war. Hood, who was fond of taking risks, lashed out at Shermans army at Peachtree Creek, but the attack failed with more than two thousand five hundred Confederate casualties. Hood needed to defend the city of Atlanta, which was an important rail hub and industrial center for the Confederacy and he decided to withdraw, enticing the Union troops to come forward. McPhersons army closed in from Decatur, Georgia, to the east side of Atlanta, Hardees men met this other force, and the battle began. Although the initial Confederate attack was repulsed, the Union left flank began to retreat, about this time, McPherson, who had ridden to the front to observe the battle, was shot and killed by Confederate infantry. Near Decatur, Brig. Gen. John W. Sprague, in command of the 2nd Brigade, Wheeler had taken the Fayetteville Road, while Hardees column took the Flat Shoals Road toward McPhersons position. The Federals fled the town in a stampede, but managed to save the ordnance and supply trains of the XV, XVI, XVII, with the failure of Hardees assault, Wheeler was in no position to hold Decatur, and fell back to Atlanta that night. Sprague was later awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions, the main lines of battle now formed an L shape, with Hardees attack forming the lower part of the L, and Cheathams attack on the Union front as the vertical member of the L. Hood intended to attack the Union troops from both east and west, the fighting centered on a hill east of the city known as Bald Hill. The Federals had arrived two days earlier, and began to shell the city proper, killing several civilians, a savage struggle, sometimes hand-to-hand, developed around the hill, lasting until just after dark
26.
Spellbound (1945 film)
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Spellbound is a 1945 American film noir psychological mystery thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It tells the story of the new head of a mental asylum who turns out not to be what he claims, the film stars Ingrid Bergman, Gregory Peck, Michael Chekhov and Leo G. Carroll. It is an adaptation by Angus MacPhail and Ben Hecht of the novel The House of Dr. Edwardes by Hilary Saint George Saunders, Dr. Constance Petersen is a psychoanalyst at Green Manors, a mental hospital in Vermont. She is perceived by the doctors as detached and emotionless. The director of the hospital, Dr. Murchison, is being forced into retirement and his replacement is Dr. Anthony Edwardes, who turns out to be surprisingly young. Dr. Petersen notices that Dr. Edwardes has a phobia about sets of parallel lines against a white background. She also soon realizes, by comparing handwriting, that man is an impostor. He confides to her that he killed Dr. Edwardes and took his place and he suffers from massive amnesia and does not know who he is. Dr. Petersen believes he is innocent and suffering from a guilt complex and he disappears overnight, leaving a note for her. At the same time, it becomes public knowledge that Dr. Edwardes is an impostor, Dr. Petersen manages to track him down, and starts to use her psychoanalytic training to break his amnesia and find out what really happened. Pursued by the police, Dr. Petersen and the travel by train to Rochester, New York where they stay with Dr. Brulov. The two doctors analyze a dream that John Brown had and they deduce that Brown and Edwardes had been on a ski trip together, and that Edwardes had somehow died there. Dr. Petersen and Brown go to the Gabriel Valley ski resort, near the bottom of the hill, Browns memory suddenly returns. He recalls that there is a precipice in front of them and he stops them just in time. He also remembers a traumatic event from his childhood – he slid down a rail with his brother at the bottom, accidentally knocking him onto sharp-pointed railings. This incident had caused him to develop a guilt complex and he also remembers that his real name is John Ballantyne. All is understood now, and Ballantyne is about to be exonerated, Ballantyne is convicted of murder and sent to prison. A heartbroken Dr. Petersen returns to her position at the hospital, Murchison lets slip that he had known Edwardes slightly, and didnt like him, contradicting his earlier claims
27.
Things to Come
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Things to Come is a 1936 British black-and-white science fiction film from United Artists, produced by Alexander Korda, directed by William Cameron Menzies, and written by H. G. Wells. The film stars Raymond Massey, Ralph Richardson, Cedric Hardwicke, Pearl Argyle, the dialogue and plot were devised by H. G. The cultural historian Christopher Frayling called Things to Come a landmark in cinematic design, in the British city of Everytown, businessman John Cabal cannot enjoy Christmas Day,1940, with the news everywhere of possible war. His guest, Harding, shares his worries, while his friend, the over-optimistic Pippa Passworthy, believes it will not come to pass. An aerial bombing raid on the city that night results in general mobilisation, Cabal, now piloting a biplane, shoots down a one-man enemy bomber. He lands and pulls his badly injured enemy from the wreckage, as they dwell on the madness of war, they have to put on their gas masks, as poison gas drifts in their direction. When a little girl runs towards them, the man insists she take his mask. Cabal takes the girl to his aeroplane, pausing to leave the man a revolver. The man dwells on the irony that he may have gassed the childs family, a gun shot is then heard. The war continues into the 1960s, long enough for the people of the world to have forgotten why they are fighting, humanity enters a new Dark Age. The world is in ruins and there is little technology left, in 1966 a biological weapon called the wandering sickness is used by the unnamed enemy in a final desperate bid for victory. Dr. Harding and his struggle to find a cure. The plague kills half of humanity and extinguishes the last vestiges of central government, by 1970 a local warlord called Rudolf, but known as the Boss or Chief has risen to power in southern England and eradicated the sickness by killing the infected. He dreams of conquering the people to obtain coal and shale to render into oil so his biplanes can fly again. On May Day 1970, a sleek, futuristic aeroplane lands outside of what remains of Everytown, the sole pilot, John Cabal, emerges and proclaims that the last surviving band of engineers and mechanics have formed a civilisation of airmen called Wings Over the World. They are based in Basra, Iraq and have renounced war, the Boss takes the pilot prisoner and forces him to work for Gordon, a mechanic struggling to keep the Bosss remaining aeroplanes flying. Together, they manage to one of them. When Gordon takes it up for a test flight, he leaves to alert Cabals friends, gigantic flying wing aircraft arrive over Everytown and saturate its ruins and population with sleeping gas globes
28.
Invaders from Mars (1953 film)
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The film was distributed by Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. Awakened during a thunderstorm, youngster David MacClean witnesses a brightly lit flying saucer disappear underground in the sand pit behind his home. When his father investigates, he returns a changed man, soon Davids mother, a neighbor girl. Begging the police for help, Davids panicked story is heard by Dr. Pat Blake, David soon convinces Kelston, who comes to believe this is an invading vanguard from Mars. Invaders from Mars was developed from a scenario by Richard Blake and based on a treatment by John Tucker Battle. The film was rushed into production to show in theaters before George Pals War of the Worlds, thus Invaders from Mars became the first feature film to show aliens, late one night, youngster David MacLean is awakened by a loud thunderstorm. From his bedroom window, he sees a flying saucer descend. After rushing to tell his parents, his scientist father goes to investigate Davids claim. When his father returns much later in the morning, David notices an unusual red puncture along the hairline on the back of his fathers neck, his father is now behaving in a cold and hostile manner. David soon begins to realize something is wrong, he notices certain townsfolk are acting in exactly the same way. Through his telescope, David sees child neighbor Kathy Wilson suddenly disappear underground while walking in the sandpit, David flees to the police station for help and is eventually placed under the protection of health-department physician Dr. Pat Blake, who slowly begins to believe his crazy story. Dr. Kelston contacts the U. S. Army and convinces them to immediately investigate, in short order, the Pentagon assembles troops and tanks under the command of Colonel Fielding. An alien sabotage plot at the plant is soon uncovered, leading back to the sandpit, standing well away from the army search, Dr. Blake and young David are suddenly sucked underground. They are captured by two tall, slit-eyed green humanoids and taken through underground tunnels to the flying saucer, Army troops locate and blow open an entrance to the tunnels, and Colonel Fielding and a small detachment make their way to the saucer entrance. Inside they confront the Martian mastermind, it has a giant green head with a humanoid face atop a small, green partial torso with several green arm-tentacles, the Martian is served by the tall, green, silent, synthetic mutants. The troops and Colonel Fielding, with Dr. Blake and David in tow, after a short running battle in the tunnels, they return to the surface. Orders are given for everyone to leave the area, Fieldings troops have planted timed explosive charges aboard the saucer. In an extended montage, David runs downhill away from the sandpit, as he does so, flashbacks of the films important events are superimposed over a close-up of his face, including scenes played backwards for surreal effect
29.
Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)
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Around the World in 80 Days is a 1956 American epic adventure-comedy film starring David Niven and Cantinflas, produced by the Michael Todd Company and released by United Artists. The epic picture was directed by Michael Anderson and produced by Mike Todd, with Kevin McClory, the screenplay was written by James Poe, John Farrow, and S. J. Perelman based on the classic novel of the same name by Jules Verne. The music score was composed by Victor Young, and the Todd-AO70 mm cinematography was by Lionel Lindon, the films seven-minute-long animated title sequence, shown at the end of the film, was created by award-winning designer Saul Bass. The film won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, also included is the launching of an unmanned rocket and footage of the earth receding. Around 1872, an English gentleman Phileas Fogg claims he can circumnavigate the world in eighty days and he makes a £20,000 wager with four sceptical fellow members of the Reform Club, that he can arrive back within 80 days before exactly 8,45 pm. They set out on the journey from Paris by hot air balloon upon learning the mountain train tunnel is blocked, the two accidentally end up in Spain, where Passepartout engages in a comic bullfight. In India, Fogg and Passepartout rescue young widow Princess Aouda from being forced into a funeral pyre with her late husband, the three visit Hong Kong, Yokohama, San Francisco, and the Wild West. After sailing across the Atlantic, and only short of winning his wager, Fogg is arrested upon arrival at Liverpool. At the jail, the humiliated Fix informs Fogg that the culprit was caught in Brighton. Though he is now exonerated of the charges, he has no time to get to London and has thus lost everything – except the love of the winsome Aouda. Salvation is at hand when, upon returning to London, Passepartout buys a newspaper, Fogg then realizes that by traveling east towards the rising sun and by crossing the International Date Line they have gained a day. There is still time to reach the Reform Club and win the bet, Fogg unexpectedly arrives at the club just before the clocks chime at 8,45 pm. Aouda and Passepartout then arrive, surprising everyone as no woman has entered the Reform Club before, the film boasts a huge cast, with David Niven and Cantinflas in the lead roles of Fogg and Passepartout. Joining them are Shirley MacLaine as Princess Aouda and Robert Newton as the detective Fix, the role of Passepartout was greatly expanded from the novel to accommodate Cantinflas, the most famous Latin-American comedian at the time, and winds up as the focus of the film. While Passepartout describes himself as a Parisian in the novel, this is unclear in the film – he has a French name, in the Spanish version the name of his character was changed from the French Passepartout to the Spanish Juan Picaporte. There is also a comic bullfighting sequence especially created for Cantinflas that is not in the novel, indeed, when the film was released in some non-English speaking nations, Cantinflas was billed as the lead. According to the guidebook, this was done because of an obstacle Todd faced in casting Cantinflas, Todd allowed Cantinflas to appear in the film as a Latin, so, the actor said himself. to my audience in Latin America, Ill still be Cantinflas. Over 40 famous performers make cameo appearances, including Marlene Dietrich, George Raft, the film was significant as the first of the so-called Hollywood make work films, employing dozens of faded film personalities
30.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the location of Forest Lawn, a chain of six cemeteries in Southern California. Forest Lawn Glendale was founded in 1906 as a cemetery by a group of businessmen from San Francisco. Dr. Hubert Eaton and C. B. Sims entered into a contract with the cemetery in 1912. Eaton took over the management of the cemetery in 1917, Eaton was a firm believer in a joyous life after death. A number of plaques which state Eatons intentions are signed The Builder, frederick Llewellyn, Eatons nephew, became CEO of Forest Lawn in 1966. In 1987 he was succeeded by his son, John Llewellyn, for many decades the cemetery refused black, Jewish, and Chinese burials. The Forest Lawn Museum in Glendale was founded in 1957 and displays art, artifacts, the museum has hosted solo exhibitions for Henri Matisse, Winslow Homer, Ian Hornak, Francisco Goya, Rembrandt, Marc Davis and Reuben Nakian among many others. The objects in Forest Lawns permanent collection represent specific locations and peoples from around the world, there are sections for India, Africa, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, South America, Australia and Europe. D. The stained glass collection includes portions of William Randolph Hearsts former collection and owns the work of Albrecht Dürer, all of these precious art pieces are put in storage or hidden behind temporary walls when a special display is on site. The six Forest Lawn cemeteries contain about 1,500 statues, about 10% of which are reproductions of works of art. On display in the Hall of the Crucifixion is the painting by the Polish artist Jan Styka entitled The Crucifixion. It is the largest permanently mounted religious painting in the world, the main gates of Forest Lawn – Glendale are claimed to be the worlds largest wrought iron gates. Over 60,000 people have actually been married here, including Ronald Reagan, more than 250,000 people are buried at Forest Lawn, and over a million people visit it each year, including thousands of schoolchildren on field trips. Many commentators have considered Forest Lawn to be a unique American creation, the Great Mausoleum was fashioned after Campo Santo in Genoa, Italy and contains many of the most highly sought after interment places within Forest Lawn, Glendale. Within the portion of the Great Mausoleum accessible to the public is the Court of Honor where individuals are inducted as Immortals by Forest Lawns Council of Regents, the rest of the structure is protected by guards and is closed to the public. Time magazine described it as the New Worlds Westminster Abbey, in 2009 the cemetery became the focus of intense media interest surrounding the private interment of Michael Jackson in the privacy of Holly Terrace in the Great Mausoleum. List of United States cemeteries Providencia Ranch The Loved One – a satirical novel inspired by Forest Lawn, official website Evelyn Waughs witty essay, Half in love with easeful death, imagines archaeologists in 1000 years coming upon Forest Lawn
31.
Glendale, California
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its estimated 2014 population was 200,167, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and it is located about 8 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. Glendale lies on the end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city, Glendale has one of the largest communities of Armenian descent in the United States. In 2013, Glendale was named LAs Neighborhood of the Year by the readers and editors of Curbed. com, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery contains the remains of many noted celebrities and local residents. Grand Central Airport was the point for the first commercial west-to-east transcontinental flight flown by Charles Lindbergh. The area was inhabited by the Tongva people, who were later renamed the Gabrieleños by the Spanish missionaries. Rancho San Rafael was a Spanish concession, of which 25 were made in California, unlike the later Mexican land grants, the concessions were similar to grazing permits, with the title remaining with the Spanish crown. In 1860, his grandson Teodoro Verdugo built the Verdugo Adobe, the property is the location of the Oak of Peace, where early Californio leaders including Pio Pico met in 1847 and decided to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel John C. Verdugos descendants sold the ranch in various parcels, some of which are included in present-day Atwater Village, Eagle Rock, in 1884, residents gathered to form a townsite and chose the name Glendale. Residents to the southwest formed Tropico in 1887, the Pacific Electric Railway brought streetcar service in 1904. Glendale incorporated in 1906, and annexed Tropico 12 years later, Brand loved to fly, and built a private airstrip in 1919 and hosted fly-in parties, providing a direct link to the soon-to-be-built nearby Grand Central Airport. The grounds of El Miradero are now city-owned Brand Park and the mansion is the Brand Library, Brand partnered with Henry E. Huntington to bring the Pacific Electric Railway, or the Red Cars, to the area. Today, he is memorialized by one of the main thoroughfares. The citys population rose from 13,756 in 1920 to 62,736 in 1930, the Forest Lawn Cemetery opened in 1906 and was renamed Forest Lawn Memorial-Park in 1917. Pioneering endocrinologist and entrepreneur Henry R. Harrower opened his clinic in Glendale in 1920, the American Green Cross, an early conservation and tree preservation society, was formed in 1926. In 1964, Glendale was selected by George Lincoln Rockwell to be the West Coast headquarters of the American Nazi Party and its offices, on Colorado Street in the downtown section of the city, remained open until the early 1980s. In 1977 and 1978,10 murdered women were found in, the murders were the work of Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, the latter of whom resided at 703 East Colorado Street, where most of the murders took place
32.
1st Academy Awards
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AMPAS president Douglas Fairbanks hosted the show. Tickets cost $5,270 people attended the event and the ceremony lasted fifteen minutes. Awards were created by Louis B, Mayer, founder of Louis B. Mayer Pictures Corporation. It is the only Academy Awards ceremony not to be broadcast either on radio or television, during the ceremony, the AMPAS presented Academy Awards in twelve categories. Winners were announced three months before the live event, some nominations were announced without reference to a specific film, such as for Ralph Hammeras and Nugent Slaughter, who received nominations in the now defunct category of Engineering Effects. Unlike later ceremonies, an actor or director could be awarded for works within a calendar year. Emil Jannings, for example, was given the Best Actor award for his work in both The Way of All Flesh and The Last Command, moreover, Charlie Chaplin and Warner Brothers each received an Honorary Award. Major winners at the ceremony included 7th Heaven and Sunrise, which received three awards, and Wings, receiving two awards. Among its honors, Sunrise won the award for Unique and Artistic Picture and these two categories at the time were seen as equally the top award of the night intended to honor different and equally important aspects of superior film making. The next year, the Academy dropped the Unique and Artistic Picture award, in 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was established by Louis B. Mayer, originator of Louis B. Mayer Pictures Corporation, which then would be joined into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, mayers purpose in creating the award was to unite the five branches of the film industry, including actors, directors, producers, technicians, and writers. Mayer commented on the creation of the awards I found that the best way to handle was to hang medals all over them, if I got them cups and awards theyd kill them to produce what I wanted. Thats why the Academy Award was created, Mayer asked Cedric Gibbons, art director of MGM, to design an Academy Award trophy. Nominees were notified through a telegram in February 1928, in August 1928, Mayer contacted the Academy Central Board of Judges to decide winners. The ceremony was held on May 16,1929, at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, located in Los Angeles and it consisted of a private dinner with thirty-six banquet tables, where 270 people attended and tickets cost five dollars. Actors and actresses arrived at the hotel in luxury vehicles, where many attended to encourage celebrities. The ceremony was not broadcast on radio or television, and was hosted by AMPAS director Fairbanks, winners were announced three months before the ceremony. Three categories were eliminated for subsequent presentations, Best Engineering Effects, Best Title Writing, the larger film producers received the preponderance of awards, Fox Films Corporation, MGM, Paramount Pictures, Radio-Keith-Orpheum and Warner Brothers Production
33.
Bulldog Drummond (1929 film)
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Bulldog Drummond is a 1929 American Pre-Code crime film in which Hugh Bulldog Drummond helps a beautiful young woman in distress. The film stars Ronald Colman as the character, Claud Allister, Lawrence Grant, Montagu Love, Wilson Benge, Joan Bennett. Produced by Samuel Goldwyn and directed by F. Richard Jones, Colman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and William Cameron Menzies for Best Art Direction. Two previous Bulldog Drummond films had been produced, Bulldog Drummond, the 1929 film was the first Bulldog Drummond movie with sound, and was also Ronald Colmans first talkie. A series of Drummond movies followed, beginning with Temple Tower made in the UK in 1930, Hugh Bulldog Drummond, a demobilized British captain bored of civilian life, places a personal advertisement in The Times offering his services for any excitement. One of the many replies intrigues him, Phyllis Benton claims she is in great danger and he immediately sets out for the Green Bay Inn, where she has reserved some rooms for him. Unable to persuade him to give up this mad adventure, his friend Algy Longworth follows after, dragging Drummonds valet, Danny, Phyllis turns out to be all Drummond had hoped for, beautiful and desperately in need of help. She runs away when she spots the outline of two eavesdropping men, much to Drummonds annoyance and she is caught and taken to Dr. Lakingtons Nursing Home by Carl Peterson, Irma and the doctor. When Drummond follows, he witnesses Travers unsuccessful attempt to escape, Drummond drives away, but returns stealthily and rescues Phyllis. Sending her off with Algy and Danny, he sneaks back once more and overhears Irma convince the others to stay and try to get Travers signature on a document transferring securities, however, he makes a serious error when he takes Travers back to the inn. Drummond manages to disguise himself as Travers, the take him back. When they realise they have the man, they threaten to torture Phyllis. Drummond tells them Travers is hidden at the inn, while Peterson and Irma go to check, Drummond is freed by Phyllis before Lakington can kill him. Drummond disarms Peterson when he returns, but his gang pose as policemen, Phyllis persuades Drummond to let them go, telling him she loves him. Hall also praised the achievement of the sound quality. List of films in the public domain Bulldog Drummond Bulldog Drummond Bulldog Drummond at the Internet Movie Database Bulldog Drummond at SilentEra
34.
Alibi (1929 film)
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Alibi is a 1929 American crime film directed by Roland West. The screenplay was written by West and C. Gardner Sullivan, alternate titles include The Perfect Alibi and Nightstick. The movie is a melodrama starring Chester Morris, Harry Stubbs, Mae Busch. Director West experimented a great deal with sound, music, Joan Manning, the daughter of a police sergeant, secretly marries Chick Williams, a gangleader who convinces her that he is leading an honest life. Chick attends the theater with Joan and, at the intermission, sneaks away, Chick is suspected of the crime but is able to use Joan to substantiate his alibi. The police plant Danny McGann, an agent, in Chicks gang, but he is discovered. Chick is later cornered by the police in his own home, Chester Morris as Chick Williams Harry Stubbs as Buck Bachman Mae Busch as Daisy Thomas Eleanor Griffith as Joan Manning Williams Regis Toomey as Danny McGann Purnell Pratt as Police Sgt. Pete Manning Irma Harrison as Toots The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, including one for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Art Direction, Alibi at the Internet Movie Database Alibi at AllMovie
35.
12th Academy Awards
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The 12th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, honored the best in film for 1939. The ceremony was held on February 29,1940, at a banquet in the Coconut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles and it was hosted by Bob Hope. David O. Selznicks production Gone with the Wind received the most nominations of the year with thirteen and this was the first year in which an Academy Award was awarded in the category of special effects. This was also the first time that two awards for cinematography were presented, hattie McDaniel became the first African-American to receive an Academy Award, winning in the Best Supporting Actress category for Gone with the Wind. Sidney Howard became the first posthumous winner for his screenplay for Gone with the Wind, AMPAS presented Academy Awards of Merit in twenty categories. Nominees for each award are listed below, award winners are listed first, among those who campaigned in favour of the film were Hedda Hopper who declared it as great as Lincolns Gettysburg speech, while Sheilah Graham called it the best talking picture ever made. Screen Book magazine stated that it should win every Academy Award, frank Capra, the director, and James Stewart, the films star were considered front runners to win awards. Gone with the Wind premiered in December 1939 with a Gallup poll taken shortly before its release concluding that 56.5 million people intended to see the film. The New York Film Critics Award was given to Wuthering Heights after thirteen rounds of balloting had left the voters deadlocked between Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and Gone with the Wind, the press were divided in their support for the nominated actors. West Coast newspapers, particularly in Los Angeles, predicted Bette Davis would win for Dark Victory, observing that Davis had achieved four box office successes during the year, one paper wrote, Hollywood will stick by its favourite home-town girl, Bette Davis. Capra was the incumbent President of the Academy, and in a first for Academy Awards ceremonies, sold the rights for the event to be filmed. Warner Bros. obtained the rights, for $30,000 to film the banquet and the presentation of the awards, to use as a short, among these were Clark Gable and Bette Davis. Following the banquet, Capra opened proceedings at 11pm with a speech before introducing Bob Hope who made his first appearance as host of the awards. Looking at a table laden with awards awaiting presentation, he quipped, mickey Rooney presented an Academy Juvenile Award to Judy Garland, who then performed Over the Rainbow, a Best Song nominee from The Wizard of Oz. As the evening progressed, Gone with the Wind won the majority of awards, making a speech, Selznick paused to extend praise and gratitude to Olivia de Havilland, a Best Supporting Actress nominee, and made it clear in his speech he knew she had not won. Hattie McDaniel became the first black performer to win an Academy Award, de Havilland was among those to make their way to McDaniels table to offer congratulations, though it was reported de Havilland then fled to the kitchen, where she burst into tears. The press reported an irritated Irene Mayer Selznick followed her, and told her to return to their table, robert Donat, the winner for Best Actor, was one of three nominated actors not present. Accepting the award for Donat, Spencer Tracy said he was sure Donats win was welcomed by the entire motion-picture industry before presenting the Best Actress award to Vivien Leigh, the press noted Bette Davis was among those waiting to congratulate Leigh as she returned to her table
36.
The Iron Mask
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The Iron Mask is a 1929 American part-talkie adventure film directed by Allan Dwan. It is an adaptation of the last section of the novel The Vicomte de Bragelonne by Alexandre Dumas, père, which is itself based on the French legend of the Man in the Iron Mask. The film stars Fairbanks as dArtagnan, Marguerite De La Motte as his beloved Constance, Nigel De Brulier as the scheming Cardinal Richelieu, william Bakewell appeared as the royal twins. Fairbanks lavished resources on his silent film, with the knowledge he was bidding farewell to his beloved genre. The original 1929 release, though mostly a silent film, actually had a soundtrack, in 1952, it was reissued, with the intertitles removed and a narration voiced by Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. added. The original film included a scene in which dArtagnan tells the young King of an adventure involving him. The story is told in flashback but the 1952 version has it in order with the scene with the King cut out. In 1999, with the cooperation of the Library of Congress, a complete set of Vitaphone disks exists for this picture. However, only a portion of the original sound from these was synchronized with film footage. The rest of the soundtrack, which contained a Synchronized Score along with sound effects was not used as this would make the DVD public domain, for this DVD reissue, therefore, a new score was commissioned from composer Carl Davis. A complete restoration of the sound version has yet to be released. Fairbanks Biographer Jeffrey Vance has opined, “As a valedictory to the silent screen, berkeley, CA, University of California Press,2008. The Iron Mask at the Internet Movie Database -1929 The Iron Mask is available for download at the Internet Archive The Iron Mask at Rotten Tomatoes
37.
Coquette (film)
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Coquette is a 1929 American Pre-Code drama film, starring Mary Pickford. The film was a box office success, for her role, Pickford won the second Academy Award for Best Actress. Norma Besant, daughter of a Southern doctor, is a flirt and has many suitors. Her father Dr. Besant favors Stanley, who is taken with Norma, however Norma has met a simple man named Michael Jeffrey who she has fallen madly in love with. Dr. Besant disapproves of Michael and orders Norma to never see him again, Norma gives him their word, then promptly plans to marry Michael in 6 months, when hes made good in the hills so he can buy her a home in the valley. A few months pass and Michael sneaks down from the hills to see Norma at a Country Club dance, wanting more time alone they sneak off to Michaels mothers cabin. According to Norma they made coffee and talked all night about the future and she returns home the next day at 4am. However someone has spotted the couple and begun to spread rumors around town destroying Normas reputation, Michael is furious and vows he will ask her father for her hand in marriage immediately. Dr. Besant is furious and a verbal exchange takes place with Michael leaving, vowing to run away with Norma as soon as possible. Dr. Besant orders Norma to her room and leaves, pistol in hand, as Normas brother tries to distract her Stanley arrives, telling Norma that Michael was fatally wounded by her father. Norma runs to Michaels cabin where he dies in her arms, Dr. Besants lawyer friend arrives begging Norma to lie to the police to save her fathers life. Norma refuses, but later as the trial wears on she changes her mind and she takes the stand and lies about Michael, trying to save her father. Norma breaks down under cross examination and her father comes to comfort her on the witness stand, as he tells her she does not have to lie anymore, he spots the gun on the evidence table. After comforting Norma, Dr. Besant approaches the bench and confesses his guilt and he then takes the gun and kills himself in front of the court. Later we see Stanley waiting for Norma, who has been in the judges chambers and he offers to walk her home, but Norma refuses, saying she would like to walk home alone. Mary Pickford as Norma Besant Johnny Mack Brown as Michael Jeffery Matt Moore as Stanley Stan Wentworth John St. Polis as Dr. John M. Besant William Janney as James Jimmy Besant Henry Kolker as Dist. The film was adapted for the screen by John Grey, Allen McNeil, and Sam Taylor from the play by George Abbott and Ann Preston Bridgers, the play originally opened in New York City on November 8,1927 with Helen Hayes in the title role. William Cameron Menzies provided set decoration, or production design, with the film crediting him for settings, the song Coquette, written by Johnny Green and Carmen Lombardo, has since become a jazz standard
38.
Puttin' On the Ritz (film)
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Puttin On the Ritz is a 1930 musical film directed by Edward Sloman and starring Harry Richman, Joan Bennett, and James Gleason. The screenplay was written by Gleason and William K, wells based on a story by John W. Considine, Jr. It was the first of many films to feature the popular song Puttin On the Ritz, all current prints derive from a 1940s re-release print that was censored for pre-Code content and cut down by about twenty minutes. The title cards at the start and end of the film have also edited and altered. Puttin On the Ritz was originally shot with two-color Technicolor sequences, list of early color feature films Puttin On the Ritz at the Internet Movie Database Puttin On the Ritz at AllMovie
39.
Alice in Wonderland (1933 film)
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Alice in Wonderland is a 1933 American Pre-Code film version of the famous Alice novels by Lewis Carroll. The film was produced by Paramount Pictures, featuring an all-star cast and it is all live-action, except for the Walrus and The Carpenter sequence, which was animated by the Harman-Ising Studio. Stars featured in the film included W. C, charlotte Henry played her first leading role as Alice. It also drew heavily from Eva Le Gallienne and Florida Friebuss then-recent stage adaptation, the film is occasionally broadcast on cable television channels such as Turner Classic Movies. The original running time was 90 min. but when EMKA bought the rights in the late 1950s. Universal Studios released the cut version to DVD on March 2,2010, left alone with a governess one snowy afternoon, Alice is supremely bored. She idly starts to wonder what life is like on the side of the drawing room mirror. She discovers that she can pass through the glass and finds herself in a strange room where many things seem to be the exact reverse of what is in the drawing room. Strangely, through all of this, the governess does not seem to notice what has happened, Alice looks out the window and suddenly sees a White Rabbit. She follows it to a hole and falls in. Seeing nobody else there, she comes upon a table with a key to a door. In a situation exactly reversed from the book, she grows to enormous size after drinking the bottles contents, unable to pass into the room beyond the locked door, she begins to cry. A cake with a sign saying Eat Me appears and she eats the cake, shrinks to a tiny size, and is immediately swept along into a flood caused by her own tears. Many more of her adventures follow, combining sections of Through the Looking Glass with the original Alice. At the end, Alice is awakened from her dream, not by the pack of playing cards, nevertheless, this film remains as of 2014 the only major live action Hollywood-produced film directly adapting the original Alice stories. Reprints of historic reviews, photo gallery at CaryGrant. net Alice in Wonderland available for download from the Internet Archive
