Greek literature
Greek literature dates from ancient Greek literature, beginning in 800 BC, to the modern Greek literature of today. Ancient Greek literature was written in an Ancient Greek dialect; this literature ranges from the oldest surviving written works until works from the fifth century AD. This time period is divided into the Preclassical, Classical and Roman periods. Preclassical Greek literature revolved around myths and include the works of Homer; the Classical period saw the dawn of history. Three philosophers are notable: Socrates and Aristotle. During the Roman era, significant contributions were made in a variety of subjects, including history and the sciences. Byzantine literature, the literature of the Byzantine Empire, was written in Atticizing and early Modern Greek. Chronicles, distinct from historics, arose in this period. Encyclopedias flourished in this period. Modern Greek literature is written in common Modern Greek; the Cretan Renaissance poem Erotokritos is one of the most significant works from this time period.
Adamantios Korais and Rigas Feraios are two of the most notable figures. Ancient Greek literature refers to literature written in Ancient Greek dialects; these works range from the oldest surviving written works in the Greek language until works from the fifth century AD. The Greek language arose from the proto-Indo-European language. A number of alphabets and syllabaries had been used to render Greek, but surviving Greek literature was written in a Phoenician-derived alphabet that arose in Greek Ionia and was adopted by Athens by the fifth century BC; the Greeks created poetry before making use of writing for literary purposes. Poems created in the Preclassical period were meant to be recited. Most poems focused on legends that were part folktale and part religion. Tragedies and comedies emerged around 600 BC. At the beginning of Greek literature stand the works of Homer. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed after. Another significant figure was the poet Hesiod, his two surviving works are Theogony.
During the classical period, many of the genres of western literature became more prominent. Lyrical poetry, pastorals, epigrams; the two major lyrical poets were Pindar. Of the hundreds of tragedies written and performed during this time period, only a limited number of plays survived; these plays are authored by Aeschylus and Euripides. The comedy arose from a ritual in honor of Dionysus; these plays were full of obscenity and insult. The surviving plays by Aristophanes are a treasure trove of comic presentation. Two influential historians of this age are Thucydides. A third historian, wrote "Hellenica,", considered an extension of Thucydides's work; the greatest prose achievement of the 4th century BC was in philosophy. Greek philosophy flourished during the classical period. Of the philosophers, Socrates and Aristotle are the most famous. By 338 BC many of the key Greek cities had been conquered by Philip II of Macedon. Philip II's son Alexander extended his father's conquests greatly; the Hellenistic age is defined as the time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman domination.
After the 3rd century BC, the Greek colony of Alexandria in northern Egypt became the center of Greek culture. Greek poetry flourished with significant contributions from Theocritus and Apollonius of Rhodes. Theocritus, who lived from about 310 to 250 BC, was the creator of pastoral poetry, a type that the Roman Virgil mastered in his Eclogues. Drama was represented by the New Comedy. One of the most valuable contributions of the Hellenistic period was the translation of the Old Testament into Greek; this work was done at Alexandria and completed by the end of the 2nd century BC. Roman literature was written in Latin and contributed significant works to the subjects of poetry, comedy and tragedy. A large proportion of literature from this time period were histories. Significant historians of the period were Timaeus, Diodorus Siculus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Appian of Alexandria and Plutarch; the period of time they cover extended from late in the 4th century BC to the 2nd century AD. Eratosthenes of Alexandria wrote on astronomy and geography, but his work is known from summaries.
The physician Galen pioneered developments in various scientific disciplines including anatomy, pathology and neurology. This is the period in which most of the Ancient Greek novels were written; the New Testament, written by various authors in varying qualities of Koine Greek, hails from this period. The Gospels and the Epistles of Saint Paul were written in this time period as well. Byzantine literature refers to literature of the Byzantine Empire written in Atticizing and early Modern Greek. Byzantine literature combined Greek and Christian civilization on the common foundation of the Roman political system; this type of literature was set in the ethnographic atmosphere of the Near East. Byzantine literature possesses four primary cultural elements: Greek, Christian and Oriental. Aside from personal correspondence, literature of this period was written in the Atticizing style; some early literature
Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its historic studios. Its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the people associated with it. Hollywood was incorporated as a municipality in 1903, it was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910 and soon thereafter, a prominent film industry emerged becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world. In 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished; the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley known as the "Father of Hollywood", on his honeymoon in 1886 he stood at the top of the hill looking out over the valley. Along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood; the man bowed. The Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, "I holly-wood," meaning'hauling wood.'
H. J. Whitley decided to name his new town Hollywood. "Holly" would represent England and "wood" would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had started over 100 towns across the western United States. Whitley arranged to buy the 480 acres E. C. Hurd ranch, they shook hands on the deal. Whitley shared his plans for the new town with General Harrison Gray Otis, publisher of the Los Angeles Times, Ivar Weid, a prominent businessman in the area. Daeida Wilcox learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and a prominent investor and friend of Whitley's, she recommended the same name to Harvey. H. Wilcox, who had purchased 120 acres on February 1, 1887, it wasn't until August 1887 Wilcox decided to use that name and filed with the Los Angeles County Recorder's office on a deed and parcel map of the property. The early real-estate boom busted at the end of that year. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper and two markets. Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, citrus groves.
A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent and the trip took two hours. The old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood; the Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley, a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard and Development Company. Having acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, still a dusty, unpaved road, was graded and graveled; the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitley's company sold one of the early residential areas, the Ocean View Tract. Whitley did much to promote the area, he paid thousands of dollars for electric lighting, including bringing electricity and building a bank, as well as a road into the Cahuenga Pass.
The lighting ran for several blocks down Prospect Avenue. Whitley's land was centered on Highland Avenue, his 1918 development, Whitley Heights, was named for him. Hollywood was incorporated as a municipality on November 14, 1903, by a vote of 88 for and 77 against. On January 30, 1904, the voters in Hollywood decided, by a vote of 113 to 96, for the banishment of liquor in the city, except when it was being sold for medicinal purposes. Neither hotels nor restaurants were allowed to serve liquor before or after meals. In 1910, the city voted for merger with Los Angeles in order to secure an adequate water supply and to gain access to the L. A. sewer system. With annexation, the name of Prospect Avenue changed to Hollywood Boulevard and all the street numbers were changed. By 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, filmmakers were sued to stop their productions.
To escape this, filmmakers began moving out west to Los Angeles, where attempts to enforce Edison's patents were easier to evade. The weather was ideal and there was quick access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry in the United States; the mountains and low land prices made Hollywood a good place to establish film studios. Director D. W. Griffith was the first to make a motion picture in Hollywood, his 17-minute short film In Old California was filmed for the Biograph Company. Although Hollywood banned movie theaters—of which it had none—before annexation that year, Los Angeles had no such restriction; the first film by a Hollywood studio, Nestor Motion Picture Company, was shot on October 26, 1911. The H. J. Whitley home was used as its set, the unnamed movie was filmed in the middle of their groves at the corner of Whitley Avenue and Hollywood Boulevard; the first studio in Hollywood, the Nestor Company, was established by the New Jersey–based Centaur Company in a roadhouse at 6121 Sunset Boulevard, in October 1911.
Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros. RKO, Columbia – had studios in Hollywood, as did several minor companies and rental studios. In the 1920s, Hollywood was the fifth-largest industry in the nation. By the 1930s, Hollywood studios became vertically integrated, as production and exhibition was controlled by these companies, enabling Hollywood to produce 600 films per year. H
Evanston, Illinois
Evanston is a city in Cook County, United States, 12 miles north of downtown Chicago, bordered by Chicago to the south, Skokie to the west, Wilmette to the north. It had a population of 74,486 as of 2010, it is one of the North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan and is the home of Northwestern University. The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of the former Evanston Township, dissolved in 2014 by voters with its functions being absorbed by the city of Evanston. Prior to the 1830s, the area now occupied by Evanston was uninhabited, consisting of wetlands and swampy forest. However, Potawatomi Indians used trails along higher lying ridges that ran in a general north-south direction through the area, had at least some semi-permanent settlements along the trails. French explorers referred to the general area as "Grosse Pointe" after a point of land jutting into Lake Michigan about 13 miles north of the mouth of the Chicago River. After the first non-Native Americans settled in the area in 1836, the names "Grosse Point Territory" and "Gross Point voting district" were used through the 1830s and 1840s, although the territory had no defined boundaries.
The area remained only sparsely settled, supporting some farming and lumber activity on some of the higher ground, as well as a number of taverns or "hotels" along the ridge roads. Grosse Pointe itself eroded into the lake during this period. In 1850, a township called Ridgeville was organized, extending from Graceland Cemetery in Chicago to the southern edge of the Ouilmette Reservation, along what is now Central Street, from Lake Michigan to Western Avenue in Chicago; the 1850 census shows a few hundred settlers in this township, a post office with the name of Ridgeville was established at one of the taverns. However, no municipality yet existed. In 1851, a group of Methodist business leaders founded Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute, they chose a bluffed and wooded site along the lake as Northwestern's home, purchasing several hundred acres of land from Dr. John Foster, a Chicago farm owner. In 1854, the founders of Northwestern submitted to the county judge their plans for a city to be named Evanston after John Evans, one of their leaders.
In 1857, the request was granted. The township of Evanston was split off from Ridgeville Township; the nine founders, including John Evans, Orrington Lunt, Andrew Brown, hoped their university would attain high standards of intellectual excellence. Today these hopes have been fulfilled, as Northwestern ranks with the best of the nation's universities. Evanston was formally incorporated as a town on December 29, 1863, but declined in 1869 to become a city despite the Illinois legislature passing a bill for that purpose. Evanston expanded after the Civil War with the annexation of the village of North Evanston. In early 1892, following the annexation of the village of South Evanston, voters elected to organize as a city; the 1892 boundaries are those that exist today. During the 1960s, Northwestern University changed the city's shoreline by adding a 74-acre lakefill. In 1939, Evanston hosted the first NCAA basketball championship final at Northwestern University's Patten Gymnasium. In August 1954, Evanston hosted the second assembly of the World Council of Churches, still the only WCC assembly to have been held in the United States.
President Dwight Eisenhower welcomed the delegates, Dag Hammarskjöld, secretary-general of the United Nations, delivered an important address entitled "An instrument of faith". Evanston first received power in April 1893. Many people lined the streets on Emerson St. where the first appearance of street lights were lined and turned on. Today, the city is home to Northwestern University, Music Institute of Chicago, other educational institutions, as well as headquarters of Alpha Phi International women's fraternity, Rotary International, the National Merit Scholarship Corporation, the National Lekotek Center, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, the Sigma Chi Fraternity and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Evanston is the birthplace of Tinkertoys, is the one of the locations having originated the ice cream sundae. Evanston was Company, which for many years supplied the most jobs. Evanston was a dry community from 1858 until 1972, when the City Council voted to allow restaurants and hotels to serve liquor on their premises.
In 1984, the Council voted to allow retail liquor outlets within the city limits. According to the 2010 census, Evanston has a total area of 7.802 square miles, of which 7.78 square miles is land and 0.022 square miles is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 74,486 people, 30,047 households, 15,621 families residing in the city; the population density was 9,574.0 people per square mile. There were 33,181 housing units at an average density of 4,264.9 per square mile. The 2010 census showed that Evanston is ethnically mixed with the following breakdown in population: 65.6% White, 18.1% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 8.6% Asian, 0.02% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 3.6% some other race, 3.8% from two or more races. 9.0 % were Latino of any race. There were 30,047 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were headed by married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 48.0% were non-families.
37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, 10
Peter Cook
Peter Edward Cook was an English satirist and comedic actor. He was a leading figure of the British satire boom of the 1960s, associated with the Anti-Establishment comedic movement that emerged in the United Kingdom in the late 1950s. Referred to as "the father of modern satire" by The Guardian newspaper in 2005, Cook was ranked number one in the Comedians' Comedian, a poll of more than 300 comics, comedy writers and directors throughout the English-speaking world. Cook was born at his parents' house, "Shearbridge", in Middle Warberry Road, Devon, he was the only son, eldest of the three children, of Alexander Edward "Alec" Cook, a colonial civil servant serving as political officer and district officer in Nigeria as financial secretary to the colony of Gibraltar, followed by a return to Nigeria as Permanent Secretary of the Eastern Region based at Enugu, his wife Ethel Catherine Margaret, daughter of solicitor Charles Mayo. Cook's grandfather, Edward Arthur Cook, had been a colonial civil servant, traffic manager for the Federated Malay States Railway in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
His wife, Minnie Jane, kept this fact secret. Cook was educated at Radley College and went up to Pembroke College, where he studied French and German; as a student, Cook intended to become a career diplomat like his father, but Britain "had run out of colonies", as he put it. Although politically apathetic in life when he displayed a deep distrust of politicians of all hues, he did join the Cambridge University Liberal Club. At Pembroke Cook performed and wrote comedy sketches as a member of the Cambridge Footlights Club, of which he became president in 1960, his hero was Cambridge magazine writer David Nobbs. Whilst still at university Cook wrote for Kenneth Williams, providing several sketches for Williams' hit West End comedy revue Pieces of Eight and much of the follow-up, One Over the Eight, before finding prominence in his own right in a four-man group satirical stage show, Beyond the Fringe, alongside Jonathan Miller, Alan Bennett and Dudley Moore. Beyond the Fringe became a great success in London after being first performed at the Edinburgh Festival and included Cook impersonating the prime minister, Harold Macmillan.
This was one of the first occasions satirical political mimicry had been attempted in live theatre, it shocked audiences. During one performance, Macmillan was in the theatre and Cook departed from his script and attacked him verbally. In 1961, Cook opened The Establishment, a club at 18 Greek Street in Soho in central London, presenting fellow comedians in a nightclub setting, including American Lenny Bruce. Cook said it was a satirical venue modelled on "those wonderful Berlin cabarets... which did so much to stop the rise of Hitler and prevent the outbreak of the Second World War". The Establishment's regular cabaret performers were John Bird and John Fortune. Cook befriended and supported Australian comedian and actor Barry Humphries, who began his British solo career at the club. Humphries said in his autobiography My Life As Me that he found Cook's lack of interest in art and literature off-putting. Dudley Moore's jazz trio played in the basement of the club during the early 1960s. In 1962, the BBC commissioned a pilot for a television series of satirical sketches based on the Establishment Club, but it was not picked up and Cook went to New York City for a year to perform Beyond The Fringe on Broadway.
When he returned, the pilot had been refashioned as That Was the Week That Was and had made a star of David Frost, something Cook resented. The 1960s satire boom was coming to an end and Cook said: "England was about to sink giggling into the sea", he complained that Frost's success was based on copying Cook's own stage persona and Cook dubbed him "the bubonic plagiarist", said that his only regret in life, according to Alan Bennett, had been saving Frost from drowning. This incident occurred in the summer of 1963, when the rivalry between the two men was at its height. Cook had realised that Frost's potential drowning would have looked deliberate if he had not been rescued. Around this time, Cook provided financial backing for the satirical magazine Private Eye, supporting it through difficult periods in libel trials. Cook invested his own solicited investment from his friends. For a time, the magazine was produced from the premises of the Establishment Club. In 1963, Cook married Wendy Snowden.
Cook's first regular television spot was on Granada Television's Braden Beat with Bernard Braden, where he featured his most enduring character: the static and monotonal E. L. Wisty, whom Cook had conceived for Radley College's Marionette Society. Cook's comedy partnership with Dudley Moore led to Not Only... But Also; this was intended by the BBC as a vehicle for Moore's music, but Moore invited Cook to write sketches and appear with him. Using few props, they created dry, absurd television that proved hugely popular and lasted for three series between 1965 and 1970. Cook played characters such as Sir Arthur Streeb-Greebling and the two men created their Pete and Dud alter egos. Other sketches included "Superthunderstingcar", a parody of the Gerry And
David Ogden Stiers
David Allen Ogden Stiers was an American actor and conductor. Born in Peoria, Stiers was raised in Oregon, he attended the University of Oregon before enrolling at the Juilliard School in New York City, from where he graduated in 1972. He went on to appear in numerous productions on Broadway, originated the role of Feldman in The Magic Show, in which he appeared for four years between 1974 and 1978. In 1977, he was cast as Major Charles Emerson Winchester III on the television series M*A*S*H, a role he would portray until the series' conclusion in 1983 and which earned him two Emmy Award nominations, he appeared prominently in the 1980s in the role of District Attorney Michael Reston in several Perry Mason television films, voiced a number of Disney characters during the 1990s and 2000s, most notably Cogsworth in 1991's Beauty and the Beast, Governor Ratcliffe and Wiggins in 1995's Pocahontas, Dr. Jumba Jookiba in 2002's Lilo & Stitch and its sequels, he appeared in television again on the supernatural drama series The Dead Zone as Reverend Gene Purdy, a role he portrayed from 2002 to 2007.
Stiers continued to contribute voice work for films and television productions in his years, narrating M. Night Shyamalan's Lady in the Water and having a recurring role on the animated series Regular Show. Stiers spent his years as a conductor of the Newport Symphony Orchestra, he died at his home in Newport, Oregon, of bladder cancer on March 3, 2018. Stiers was born in Peoria, Illinois, on Halloween 1942, the son of Margaret Elizabeth and Kenneth Truman Stiers, he attended Urbana High School as a freshman. Stiers moved to Eugene, where he graduated from North Eugene High School and attended the University of Oregon. Stiers subsequently moved to San Francisco, where he performed with the California Shakespeare Theater, San Francisco Actors Workshop, the improv group The Committee, whose members included Rob Reiner, Howard Hesseman, Peter Bonerz. In California he worked for the Santa Clara Shakespeare Festival for seven years. Stiers relocated to New York City in the 1960s to study at the Juilliard School.
During his studies, Stiers was mentored by actor John Houseman, whose City Center Acting Company he joined. Stiers first appeared in the Broadway production The Magic Show in 1974 in the minor role of Feldman; this was followed by several other Broadway productions, including The Three Sisters and The Beggar's Opera. Subsequent early credits included roles on the television series The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Rhoda. Stiers appeared in the pilot of Charlie's Angels as the team's chief backup. In 1977 Stiers joined the cast of the CBS sitcom M*A*S*H; as Major Charles Emerson Winchester III, Stiers filled the void created by the departure of actor Larry Linville's Frank Burns character. In contrast to the buffoonish Burns, Winchester was a well-spoken and talented surgeon who presented a different type of foil to Alan Alda's Hawkeye Pierce and Mike Farrell's B. J. Hunnicutt. Burns served as the butt of practical jokes instigated by Pierce or Hunnicutt, was inundated by insults for which he had no comebacks, was harshly criticized for his surgical skills.
Winchester, presented a challenge to his colleagues' displays of irreverence because his surgical skills could match or outshine their own and, when it came to pranks and insults, he could give as good as he got. At times, Winchester could align himself with Pierce and Hunnicutt and, a few tantrums aside, he held considerable admiration for his commanding officer, Harry Morgan's Colonel Sherman T. Potter. For his portrayal of the pompous but nonetheless multifaceted Boston aristocrat, Stiers received two Emmy Award nominations. After M*A*S*H completed its run in 1983, Stiers made guest appearances on the television shows North and South. In 1984 he portrayed United States Olympic Committee founder William Milligan Sloane in the NBC miniseries The First Olympics: Athens 1896 for which he received another Emmy nomination. Beginning in 1985 Stiers made his first of eight appearances in Perry Mason made-for-TV movies as District Attorney Michael Reston, he appeared in Love & Money and Justice League of America.
In 2002 Stiers started a recurring role as the Reverend Purdy on the successful USA Network series The Dead Zone with Anthony Michael Hall. In 2006 he was cast as the recurring character Oberoth in Stargate Atlantis. Stiers provided voice work for dozens of television projects, his first work was on one of George Lucas's earliest films, the critically acclaimed THX 1138, in which he was incorrectly billed as "David Ogden Steers". Stiers voiced PBS documentary films such as Ric Burns's project New York: A Documentary Film, 2010 Peabody Award winner The Lord is Not on Trial Here Today, several episodes of the documentary television series American Experience, including Ansel Adams directed by Ric Burns, he voiced Mr. Piccolo in the animated English-dubbed version of Studio Ghibli's 1992 film Porco Rosso, as well as Kamaji in the English dub of the studio's 2001 film Spirited Away, he collaborated with Disney on eight animated features, including 1991's Beauty and the Beast, 1995's Pocahontas (as Governor Ratcliffe a
Death Valley Days
Death Valley Days is an American radio and television anthology series featuring true stories of the old American West the Death Valley country of southeastern California. Created in 1930 by Ruth Woodman, the program was broadcast on radio until 1945 and continued from 1952 to 1970 as a syndicated television series, with reruns continuing through August 1, 1975; the radio and television versions combined to make the show "one of the longest-running western programs in broadcast history."The series was sponsored by the Pacific Coast Borax Company and hosted by Stanley Andrews, Ronald Reagan, Rosemary DeCamp, Robert Taylor, Dale Robertson. With the death of Dale Robertson in 2013, all of the former Death Valley Days hosts are now deceased. Hosting the series was Reagan's final work as an actor; the television series was conceived by Pacific Coast Borax Company's advertising agency McCann-Erickson through company executive Dorothy McCann and Mitchell J. Hamilburg, who represented Gene Autry's Flying A Productions.
Parts of the series were filmed in Utah. Though, it was filmed in Los Angeles, California; as the series continued on the air, episodes began to focus on nearly any portion of the American West, not just the Death Valley country. Each of the 452 television episodes was introduced by a host; the longest-running was a character played by veteran actor Stanley Andrews. Following the departure of Andrews, all subsequent hosts appeared under their own names; the first was Ronald Reagan, the former host of CBS's General Electric Theater and future governor of California and U. S. President. Reagan acted in twenty-one episodes of Death Valley Days, including the 1965 segment "A City Is Born". In that one, he played the founder of Arizona; when Reagan entered the race for governor, actress Rosemary DeCamp filled in as the host for a short time. The Death Valley Days hosting position went to Reagan's friend and fellow Hollywood actor Robert Taylor. Like Reagan, Taylor appeared as a character in some of the shows, including "The Day All Marriages Were Cancelled" based on the career of Charles Poston.
Taylor portrayed Horace Bell in another 1967 episode, "Major Horace Bell." In the story line, Major Bell, an early settler of Los Angeles, defends a man whom he believes has been framed for murder. That same year in the episode "Shanghai Kelly's Birthday Party", Taylor played James Kelly of San Francisco, who shanghaiied sailors onto ships bound to the Far East, with the expectation that none would return to accuse Kelly of a crime. Taylor played Texas John Slaughter, a role most associated with Tom Tryon, in the 1968 Death Valley Days episode, "A Short Cut through Tombstone." Buck Taylor played Billy Stiles. Ned Romero was cast as the Geronimo Kid, he played Porter Stockton in the 1967 episode, "Halo for a Badman". In the story line, Stockton, an ex-convict, is hired by Mayor Engley as the marshal of the former Animas City, near Durango in southwestern Colorado, because local officials believe that Stockton can withstand outlaws that have robbed every gold shipment sent out of town; some of the miners, claim Stockton has not reformed but is still involved with the gangs.
He was fatally shot in the back by a bandit. When Taylor became gravely ill in 1969, he was succeeded by Dale Robertson, former star of two other western series, Tales of Wells Fargo and The Iron Horse. Production of new episodes ceased in 1970, but singer Merle Haggard provided narration in 1975 for some previously-made episodes. During the latter years of the series, some new episodes were still being made while older episodes were in syndication. In some markets, new episodes could be running in competition with older ones. To make it easier for viewers to distinguish between old and new, some blocks of syndicated "Death Valley Days" episodes were shown under other series names, with different hosts; this was common practice at the time among syndicated series, because it was easy to re-shoot the hosting portions of an episode without affecting the main content. Alternate series titles and their respective hosts included Frontier Adventure, The Pioneers, Trails West, Western Star Theater, Call of the West.
The last title was often applied to the series' memorable, haunting theme music. For its first two years, the series was produced by Autry's Flying A Productions. Filmaster Productions Inc. which produced the first several seasons of Gunsmoke for CBS Television, took over production of the series after 1959. Madison Productions began to produce the series in 1965. Although Rio Tinto, successor-in-interest to the series' original sponsor, U. S. Borax, still has a financial stake in this show as the copyrights are still held by the United States Borax and Chemical Corporation, the major rights are now held by Element 5 Media, LLC for the broadcast rights and home video rights. Under the Death Valley Days title, the program was sponsored by Pacific Coast Borax Company, which during the program's run changed its name to U. S. Borax Company following a merger. Advertisements for the company's best-known products, 20 Mule Team Borax, a laundry additive, Borateem, a laundry detergent, Boraxo, a powdered hand soap, were done by the program's host.
Death Valley was the scene of much of the company's borax mining operations. The "20-Mule Team Borax" consumer products division of U. S. B
Gary Burghoff
Gary Rich Burghoff is an American actor who played Charlie Brown in the 1967 Off-Broadway musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, the character Corporal Walter Eugene "Radar" O'Reilly in the film MASH, as well as the TV series. He was a regular on the hit TV game show Match Game during a period from 1974 - 1975 for 140 episodes, standing in for Charles Nelson Reilly, in New York doing a Broadway play. Burghoff was born in Bristol and moved to Delavan, Wisconsin, he studied tap dance and became a drummer, despite having a congenital deformity of three fingers on his left hand. He gained early experience acting with the Belfry Players of Williams Bay, Wisconsin He received his acting training at HB Studio in New York City. In 1967 Burghoff played Charlie Brown in the original Off-Broadway production of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, he was the drummer for a band called the Relatives in 1968. Actress Lynda Carter was the band's singer; the group opened at the Sahara Hotel and Casino lounge in Las Vegas and played there for three months.
He and Carter remained friends, she helped cast him in an episode of her hit series The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, in the 1978 episode "The Man Who Wouldn't Tell". Burghoff made his feature film debut in Robert Altman's MASH. Although several actors from the original film made guest appearances in the television series M*A*S*H, Burghoff was the only actor to continue as a regular, in the role of Radar O'Reilly. Although he played the same character in the series as in the film, Burghoff has cited differences in the portrayal: "In the original feature film MASH, I created Radar as a lone and somewhat sardonic character. I continued these qualities for a short time until I realized that the TV MASH characters were developing in a different direction from the film characters, it became a group of sophisticated educated doctors who would rather be anywhere else and who understood the nature of the'hellhole' they were stuck in. With Gelbart's help, I began to mold Radar into a more innocent, naïve character as contrast to the other characters, so that while the others might deplore the immorality and shame of war, Radar could just REACT from a position of total innocence."Burghoff was nominated for six Emmy Awards for M*A*S*H in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series and, of those nominations, he won an Emmy in 1977.
Burghoff's co-star Alan Alda accepted the award on his behalf. Burghoff left M*A*S*H after the seventh season because of burnout and a desire to spend more time with his family, though he returned the following year to film a special two-part farewell episode, "Goodbye Radar", he explained, "Family, to me, became the most important thing... I was not available as a father because of my work; that doesn't stop. Whenever you go out as a family, you're always torn from family to deal with public recognition." "Goodbye Radar" was supposed to be the final episode of season 7, but at the behest of CBS, it was extended into a double-episode for the November sweeps the next season. Fellow cast member Mike Farrell tried to persuade Burghoff to stay on the show, citing the lackluster careers of former M*A*S*H regulars Larry Linville and McLean Stevenson after their departures. Farrell said, "Gary Burghoff may well have been the best actor in the company, it's always seemed to me, his focus, his ability to find those little gems of behavior that made everything true were a marvel to behold."
Burghoff appeared on TV, making appearances on game shows as well like Buzzer, Match Game, Hollywood Squares, Showoffs. He appeared in the film B. S. I Love You, as well as one episode each of The Love Ellery Queen, his M*A*S*H character Radar O'Reilly appeared on two episodes in the first season of AfterMASH. It was spun off into W*A*L*T*E*R which aired only once in the Eastern and Central time zones only. Burghoff appeared in The New Adventures of Wonder Woman episode "The Man Who Wouldn't Tell" in 1978, where he was reunited with his former band member Lynda Carter, who portrayed the title character. In the 1980s, Burghoff was the TV spokesman for IBM computers. In 2000, Burghoff was a spokesman for dot-com era auction aggregation site PriceRadar.com. Burghoff is a self-taught amateur wildlife painter who qualified to handle injured wildlife in California, he worked as a professional jazz drummer. In the M*A*S*H episode "Showtime", Radar is seen playing a solo on the drums. Burghoff is the inventor of "Chum Magic", a fishing tackle invention that attracts fish toward the user's boat.
Other Burghoff inventions include a new type of fishing pole. Burghoff is a philatelist, he was asked in 1993 to help select a postal stamp for United States hunters. Burghoff came out of retirement in 2010 to star in the film Daniel's Lot. Burghoff was married to Janet Gayle, from 1971 to 1979, they had one child before their divorce. In 1985, he married Elisabeth Bostrom; the couple had two children and divorced in 2005. Burghoff, G. To M*A*S*H and Back: My Life in Poems and Songs. Albany: BearManor Media. ISBN 1-59393-343-6. Gary Burghoff on IMDb Gary Burghoff at the Internet Off-Broadway Database M*A*S*H at TV.com
