William Donald Schaefer

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William Donald Schaefer
William Donald Schaefer.jpg
58th Governor of Maryland
In office
January 21, 1987 – January 18, 1995
LieutenantMelvin Steinberg
Preceded byHarry R. Hughes
Succeeded byParris N. Glendening
44th Mayor of Baltimore
In office
January 1, 1971 – January 26, 1987
Preceded byThomas D'Alesandro
Succeeded byClarence H. Burns
32nd Comptroller of Maryland
In office
January 25, 1999 – January 22, 2007
GovernorParris Glendening
Bob Ehrlich
Martin O'Malley
Preceded byRobert L. Swann
Succeeded byPeter Franchot
President, Baltimore City Council
In office
1967–1971
Baltimore City Council
In office
1955–1971
Personal details
Born(1921-11-02)November 2, 1921
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
DiedApril 18, 2011(2011-04-18) (aged 89)
Catonsville, Maryland, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
ResidenceCharlestown Retirement Community, Catonsville, Maryland
Alma materBaltimore City College (high school), Centennial Class of 1939; University of Baltimore
Military service
Allegiance United States
Service/branch United States Army (1942–1946) United States Army Reserves (1946–1979)
Years of service1942–1979
RankColonel
Battles/warsWorld War II

William Donald Schaefer (November 2, 1921 – April 18, 2011) was an American politician who served in public office for 50 years at both the state and local level in Maryland. A Democrat, he was the 44th mayor of Baltimore from December 1971 to January 1987, the 58th Governor of Maryland from January 21, 1987 to January 18, 1995, and the 32nd Comptroller of Maryland from January 20, 1999 to January 17, 2007. On September 12, 2006, Schaefer was defeated in his reelection bid for a third term as Comptroller by Maryland Delegate Peter Franchot in the Democratic Party primary.[1]

Early life and career[edit]

Schaefer was born in the City of Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Tululu Irene (née Skipper) and William Henry Schaefer, on November 2, 1921.[2][3] His parents were Baptist, and he was of part German ancestry.[4] He spent his childhood at 620 Edgewood Street in the old West Baltimore community off Edmondson Avenue, near Hilton Street and Parkway by Gwynns Falls-Leakin Park.[5] He received early education in Baltimore's city public schools, and later graduated from The Baltimore City College (a public high school) in its centennial class of 1939. Schaefer received an LL.B. from the University of Baltimore School of Law in 1942 and an LL.M. in 1954.

Schaefer was a member of the Order of DeMolay in Baltimore as a youth, later inducted into the DeMolay International Hall of Fame. He was also a Freemason and a member of the "Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Maryland".[citation needed] He was a member of "Mystic Circle Lodge No. 104" when he first ran for public office.[6]

When the United States entered World War II on Monday, December 8, 1941, the day after the infamous Japanese attack on the Pearl Harbor naval / air bases in Hawaii, Schaefer joined the United States Army and later achieved officer rank, taking charge of administering hospitals in England and the rest of western Europe.[citation needed] He continued to remain in the U.S. Army Reserves all during his academic, legal and political/public service careers until 1979, when he retired with the rank of colonel.

Schaefer resumed his legal career afterwards, practicing real estate law. He had earned his Master of Law degree in 1954 from the University of Baltimore School of Law and formed a general practice law firm with two colleagues.[citation needed] Except for his military service, he lived unmarried with his mother in two different very plain West Baltimore two-story, six-room "daylight-style" rowhouses on Edgewood Street (off Edmondson Avenue) all his life, until moving to the Government House (Maryland Governor's Mansion) at age 65 in 1987.[citation needed]

Schaefer ran for a seat in the Maryland House of Delegates (lower chamber of the General Assembly of Maryland) in 1950 and again in 1954, losing both elections.[7] He was successful in his third campaign for a seat on the Baltimore City Council in 1955, when his concern for city planning and housing issues propelled him to a seat representing the 5th Councilmanic District. In 1967, Schaefer ran successfully for Baltimore City Council president and, four years later in 1971, he ran successfully for the mayor's office, when incumbent mayor Thomas L. J. D'Alesandro III ("Young Tommy") retired after only one term.

Mayor of Baltimore (1971–1987)[edit]

Schaefer served four terms as mayor, being first elected 1971, then re-elected in 1975, 1979 and 1983, each time receiving 85% or more of the vote. He was known for his attention to detail, taking notes of strewn garbage and other violations as he rode around for appointments/events in a plain town car with a police officer driver, and ordering them fixed immediately. A famous photograph shows him dressed in an old-fashioned 19th century blue striped bathing suit, with a straw boat hat, carrying a rubber duck into the outside seal pool at the then under construction National Aquarium in Baltimore at the Inner Harbor, attracting wide national media attention, to settle a wager that it would not be opened in time in August 1981. In 1984, in a move to give the majority African-American population more power in the city of Baltimore, Schaefer named Bishop L. Robinson as the Baltimore City Police Department's first African-American police commissioner, for whom the 1967 police headquarters building was renamed for.[8] a position previously dominated by Irish American and Italian American members of the city police department.[9]

Throughout his tenure as mayor, Schaefer realized that the closings of large manufacturing plants like Bethlehem Steel at Sparrows Point (since 1887 in southeastern suburban, but blue-collar Baltimore County, near Dundalk), the largest waterfront steel mill in the world; and the 70-year-old General Motors auto/truck assembly plant on Broening Highway in the southeast city would negatively impact the quality of life in the city of Baltimore and add to the city's unemployment rate. His administration turned to tourism as a possible alternative. He pushed for and saw built a new Baltimore Convention Center along West Pratt Street between South Charles, Sharp and Howard Streets in downtown Baltimore in 1979, enlarged again in the 1990s to keep up with expanding and larger competition for the burgeoning nationwide convention business; as well as the opening of Baltimore's famed "Harborplace", festival marketplace pavilions by shopping center developer and urban visionary James Rouse along the north and west shores of the old "Basin" (Inner Harbor) at East Pratt Street along South Calvert Street, replacing the former small grassy central "Pratt and Light" triangular Samuel Smith Park with its bronze statue of the old brave "Defender of Baltimore" (from the British attack at the Battle of Baltimore crafted at the 1914 Star Spangled Banner Centennial from the War of 1812) and its surrounding "temporary" Light Street parking lots from the last waterfront "urban renewal" project of the Mayor Thomas J. D'Alesandro, Jr. (1903–1987, served 1947–1959) administration from the late 1940s.[10] Dubbed "America's Best Mayor" at the time by several national magazine stories, Mayor Schaefer was hailed for transforming a deteriorating city into a hub of national tourism, although the groundwork and the original vision for the Inner Harbor project in the early 1960s to succeed the previous Charles Center downtown renewal of 1958–1970 had first been foreseen and crafted two mayoral administrations earlier under progressive/liberal Republican mayor and former governor of Maryland Theodore R. McKeldin (1900–1974, served 1943–1947 and 1963–1967), who was eventually recognized by having the redeveloped plaza facing the new "festival marketplaces" at Pratt, Light and Calvert Streets renamed for him. With new businesses, new hotels, a new National Aquarium and the new convention center, Baltimore had been revived. Harborplace had 18 million visitors its first year, 1980–81.[11] In 1984, Esquire Magazine named him "the best mayor in America".[12]

Colts leave[edit]

Main article: Baltimore Colts relocation controversy

Schaefer constantly battled Robert Irsay, the owner of the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League. Irsay and Orioles owner Jerrold Hoffberger complained that Memorial Stadium, which the Colts and the American League's Baltimore Orioles shared, was antiquated due to a lack of quality seats and inadequate parking. Schaefer extracted a promise from Irsay that the Colts owner would call Schaefer first before moving the team. However, after one of the houses of the Maryland State Legislature passed legislation giving the city of Baltimore the right to seize ownership of the team by eminent domain[13]  – an idea first floated in a memo written by Baltimore mayoral aide Mark Wasserman – Robert Irsay called Indianapolis Mayor William Hudnut that afternoon and began serious negotiations in order to move the team before the Maryland legislature's other chamber could pass similar legislation.[14] In the early morning hours of March 29, 1984, Mayflower moving vans began relocating the Colts from the team's Owings Mills training facility to Indianapolis. Schaefer lamented that "[Irsay] didn't call his old friend, Don" before the move.

Ravens arrive[edit]

Main article: Cleveland Browns relocation controversy

The Colts were not the first professional sports team to leave Baltimore on Schaefer's watch. In 1973, the Baltimore Bullets moved to Landover, Maryland and were renamed the Capital Bullets, and later, the Washington Bullets. In his last years as mayor, and later during his two terms as governor, Schaefer led the push to build Oriole Park at Camden Yards for the Orioles and M&T Bank Stadium for a new NFL team, which came to fruition in 1996 when Art Modell moved the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore, giving credit to Schaefer for the transaction:

He's the reason the Ravens are here, he laid the foundation first as Baltimore's mayor and as governor of Maryland when he championed the funding of a new stadium. In fact, champion is the right word. Gov. Schaefer was a champion for Baltimore, for Maryland and for the common man.[15]

Governor of Maryland (1987–1995)[edit]

Schaefer speaking at USS Antietam commissioning for the United States Navy, 1987
Schaefer at the unveiling of a Monument dedicated to the "Maryland 400", Prospect Park, August 27, 1991.

Schaefer, with running mate Melvin Steinberg, was overwhelmingly elected the 58th governor of Maryland in 1986, defeating Republican challenger Thomas J. Mooney with 82% of the vote, the largest percentage total ever for a contested statewide election in Maryland. He was re-elected in 1990 with almost 60% of the vote. Immediately upon taking office, Schaefer sought to take on the state's unemployment problem. After learning of a proposed closing of a major corporation in western Maryland, he personally went to Allegany County with his top advisors and the Maryland Congressional delegation and devised a plan of state and federal action to meet the needs of the faltering company. The corporation kept its headquarters in Allegany County, saving 600 jobs.[2] Schaefer's legacy includes the construction of Oriole Park at Camden Yards, stricter measures taken against preventing and solving the Chesapeake Bay pollution problem, and higher standards for public schools.

Schaefer reappointed Philip Kapneck as Maryland Trade Ambassador, originally appointed by Governor Mandel. Kapneck worked closely with the pro-business governor, bringing overseas companies to Maryland, creating many new jobs and generating revenue for the state.

Schaefer as governor also pushed for the light rail line of electric trains that run 30 miles from Hunt Valley in Baltimore County, through Baltimore, past Oriole Park at Camden Yards, to Cromwell Station/Glen Burnie in Anne Arundel County, near BWI Airport.[16] The first 22.5 miles of the light rail line was opened in April 1992 at a cost of near $400 million. Three extensions totaling 7.5 miles opened in late 1997 at a cost of $106 million.[17]

Detractors remind the public that, in the winter of 1991, Gov. Schaefer compared Maryland's Eastern Shore to an outhouse (he referred to the region as a "shithouse"[18]). When the remark circulated, Eastern Shore residents erupted in protest.

In the 1992 presidential election, Governor Schaefer endorsed Republican President George H.W. Bush over Democratic challenger Bill Clinton.[19] "He was a great man. I liked him; he was a friend. I went up to Camp David with him.".[7] He also endorsed Republican Congresswoman Helen Delich Bentley in her bid to succeed him as governor in 1994.

Schaefer stepped down from his position as governor on January 18, 1995 after serving the maximum two four-year terms.

Post-gubernatorial activities[edit]

Following his career as governor, Schaefer became Of Counsel to the law firm of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger & Hollander, LLC, in Baltimore until 1999. The William Donald Schaefer Chair was established at University of Maryland, College Park's School of Public Affairs in 1995. Schaefer held the position until 1999, at which time the program was expanded to include funded internships.

Schaefer had a long-time companion in Hilda Mae Snoops, who was his "official hostess" in the Governor's mansion. She commissioned a controversial Victorian-style outdoor fountain and helped design a rose garden and walkways. The fountain is included in her First Lady-style portrait. After Snoops' death in 1999, the fountain became a source of controversy as Schaefer accused his successor, Parris Glendening, of using it to get political revenge by turning it off, supposedly to save water even though it recycles existing water. Upon becoming governor, Robert Ehrlich held a ceremony to turn the water flow back on in the fountain. Snoops is interred in the mausoleum at Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens, with an adjacent place reserved for Schaefer.

Comptroller of Maryland (1997–2007)[edit]

In 1998, three years after leaving the governorship, with the sudden death of longtime (forty years in office) Comptroller and Maryland political legend Louis L. Goldstein of Calvert County in southern Maryland, Schaefer ran in the special election for the position of Comptroller of Maryland against Republican Mark Epstein. He won by a substantial margin, 62% to 38%. Schaefer came into the office on January 25, 1999. In 2002, he had remained extremely popular in Maryland and received almost 68% of the vote in the general election.

Schaefer feuded frequently with Governor Parris Glendening at the bi-monthly Board of Public Works (BPW) meetings. Schaefer once called Glendening a "despot" and often chided him. Schaefer frequently referred to Glendening as "Ayatollah." Glendening endorsed and paid for advertisements on behalf of Schaefer's 2002 Democratic primary opponent, Secretary of State John T. Willis, but Schaefer defeated him easily.[20] Glendening's degree of unpopularity was such that it was reported his support for Willis might cost Willis votes.[21] Schaefer enjoyed considerably warmer relations with Governor Robert Ehrlich, the Republican who succeeded Glendening on January 15, 2003.

Controversies[edit]

As Comptroller, Schaefer regularly spoke critically of immigrants who cannot communicate in English. He was particularly well known for his May 2004 comment about a non-English-speaking McDonald's cashier.[22]

Schaefer also stirred up controversy on October 12, 2004, when he called people with AIDS "a danger". He said that those with the disease "brought it on themselves." From the 1990s, he had repeatedly called for a public registry listing HIV-positive Maryland residents. "As far as I'm concerned, people who have AIDS are a danger", Schaefer said. "People should be able to know who has AIDS."[23]

On February 15, 2006, Schaefer made suggestive comments to Elizabeth Krum, a 24-year-old assistant to then-Governor Robert Ehrlich. Responding to Schaefer's request for tea, Krum set a thermal mug in front of him. Schaefer watched her walk away, then beckoned for her to return. When she obliged, he told her, "Walk again", staring after her as she left the conference room. Schaefer initially refused to apologize, saying, "She's a pretty little girl. She ought to be damn happy that I observed her going out the door. The day I don't look at pretty women is the day I die." (Schaefer long called the women with whom he worked "little girls.") However, within days of the leering incident, Schaefer issued a handwritten letter to Krum informing her she had handled the affair as a "trouper."[24]

On July 5, 2006, Schaefer launched into a rambling commentary on immigration as the public works board considered a contract to provide testing services for the English as a Second Language (ESOL) program in Maryland schools. As state education officials tried to explain the contract, Schaefer demanded to know whether the program would benefit Korean students. "Korea's another one, all of a sudden they're our friends, too, shooting missiles at us", he said. Schaefer was apparently referring to North Korea's test launch earlier that week of a long-range missile, which fell into the ocean. Schaefer refused to apologize for his comments after a meeting with South Korean community leaders.[25] Later that same day, when he was questioned by a female Baltimore Sun reporter about the ESOL program, Schaefer's response was to call her a "sweet little girl."

2006 re-election campaign[edit]

See also: Maryland Comptroller election, 2006

Schaefer faced a competitive primary challenge for Comptroller in 2006. He was challenged by Anne Arundel County Executive Janet S. Owens and Delegate Peter Franchot (District 20). The campaign initially looked like a struggle between Schaefer and Franchot. After deciding against running for the U.S. House seat being vacated by Benjamin Cardin (so that Cardin could run for the U.S. Senate), Owens decided to jump into the race for Comptroller.

In early July 2006, when asked if he would debate Owens, he said he "wouldn't debate her on how to bake a chocolate cake." Franchot campaigned strongly as the "only real Democrat in the race." On September 5, 2006, Schaefer told Washington Post columnist Marc Fisher that Janet Owens is a "prissy little miss" who wears "long dresses, looks like Mother Hubbard – it's sort of like she was a man." He made additional comments that she was "getting fat." Later, in an on-air interview with reporter Tyler Evans of local news station News Channel 8, he further commented: "She's got these long clothes on and an old-fashioned hairdo. You know it sort of makes you real mad."[26] On September 8, 2006, another local news station, WUSA9, showed an off-screen reporter asking him, "Did you call her an Old Mother Hubbard?" to which he responded, "Well, what does she look like? ... Old-fashioned hairdo; long dress ... If I lose or win – whatever I do – I'm gonna send her some Style magazines." His campaign called a press conference, but he failed to show. Owens commented that perhaps Schaefer had become too old to run, saying that running against him was like a granddaughter "taking the keys away from grandpa." In response, Schaefer and his campaign hinted that Owens was lashing out at him in an act of age discrimination. One viewer wrote in, suggesting that perhaps Schaefer was showing signs of dementia. The anchor responded that the caller had pointed out "the elephant in the room" that, until then, the media was hesitant to suggest.[27] Schaefer refused to apologize for his comments regarding Owens' appearance, saying, "An apology? An apology for what? I can't help it how she looks." Asked about his heated exchanges with Owens, Schaefer said, "This was started not by me." He added, "There's dirty politics, and then there's filthy politics."[28]

On September 12, during the Democratic primary election, Schaefer was pushed into third place behind Franchot and Owens, with Franchot winning the primary by 15,000 votes over Owens. The tight three-way race saw Franchot winning the Washington, D.C., suburbs (Montgomery County and Prince George's County), Owens winning in Central Maryland (Howard County and Anne Arundel County), and Schaefer holding his own in the Baltimore metro area (Baltimore City and Baltimore County).[29] This was Schaefer's first campaign loss since 1954.

Schaefer's last day at work as Comptroller was January 19, 2007. He was succeeded on January 22 by Franchot, who won the general election, and was not present for Franchot's swearing in.[30] After retiring, he moved into the Charlestown Retirement Community in Catonsville, Maryland. His health declined quickly and he made few public appearances in his final years.

Volunteer service[edit]

For many years Schaefer served on the Board of Trustees for St. Mary's College of Maryland. He was very active on the board and also played key roles in the establishment of the Center for the Study of Democracy at the college, where he also served on the advisory board.[citation needed]

Death[edit]

The flag-draped casket of William Donald Schaefer being carried into historic Old Saint Paul's Episcopal Church, at North Charles and East Saratoga Streets, April 27, 2011

Schaefer died at the age of 89 on April 18, 2011, at his latest home in Catonsville.[31] He had recently been hospitalized due to pneumonia at St. Agnes Hospital in southwest Baltimore and was receiving hospice care at the time of his death. Schaefer's funeral was held at his longtime parish, Old St. Paul's Church (Episcopal), (oldest church in the city, founded 1692), at the southeast corner of North Charles and East Saratoga Streets in downtown, and was buried at Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens near Towson in suburban Baltimore County.[32]

Legacy[edit]

In 1978, Schaefer received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[33]

In 2008, Schaefer moved the "Civic Fund", which he had established and used while Mayor of Baltimore to make small grants to neighborhoods for projects such as erecting flagpoles or cultivating community gardens, to the Baltimore Community Foundation, adding to it his leftover campaign funds and proceeds from the sale of his house. After its settlement, $1.4 million from the late governor's estate was added in 2012 to this fund. The William Donald Schaefer Civic Fund is a permanent endowment which continues to provide small grants for neighborhood projects.[34]

Several buildings have been dedicated in Schaefer's honor:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "William Donald Schaefer (1921-2011) Biographical Series; Governor of Maryland 1987-1995, Comptroller of Maryland 1999-2007 (Democrat)". Archives of Maryland, MSA SC 3520-1489. Maryland State Government. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Volume 184, Page 18". Archives of Maryland. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  3. ^ Tululu Irene Skipper. Records.ancestry.com (November 10, 1983). Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
  4. ^ William Donald Schaefer: A Political Biography - C. Fraser Smith.
  5. ^ Jean Marbella (April 22, 2011), One last road trip for Schaefer; Funeral motorcade will highlight "his" Baltimore, Baltimore Sun, retrieved April 22, 2011
  6. ^ Smith, C. Fraser (June 2007). "100 Years: Willie Don Meets 'Big Chief'". Baltimore magazine. Retrieved January 8, 2016. he belonged to the Mystic Circle Lodge #104, A. F. & A. M.
  7. ^ a b Martin, Sandra Olivetti (April 6, 2006). "William Donald Schaefer: Maryland's Legendary Mayor, Governor and Taxman". Bay Weekly. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  8. ^ Simon, David (2006) [1991]. "One". Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets (4th ed.). Owl Books. pp. 29–30. ISBN 0-8050-8075-9. the mayor acknowledged the city's changing demographics by dragging Battaglia into a well-paid consultant position and giving the black community a firm lock on the upper tiers of the police department.
  9. ^ Simon, David (2006) [1991]. "One". Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets (4th ed.). Owl Books. p. 39. ISBN 0-8050-8075-9. D'Addario is one of the last survivors of the Italian caliphate that briefly ruled the department after a long Irish dynasty .... But the Holy Roman Empire lasted less than four years.
  10. ^ Dresser, Michael (April 19, 2011). "William Donald Schaefer, governor and mayor, dies". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  11. ^ McFadden, Robert (April 19, 2011). "William Schaefer, Baltimore Mayor, Dies at 89". New York Times. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  12. ^ Bernstein, Adam (April 19, 2011). "William Donald Schaefer dies at 89; Maryland governor, Baltimore mayor had trademark style". Washington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  13. ^ "Video". CNN. December 15, 1986.
  14. ^ "Moving the company". Siteselection.com. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  15. ^ Schmuck, Peter (April 19, 2011). "Schaefer's vision changed Baltimore sports landscape". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  16. ^ "Maryland Transportation". Msa.md.gov. June 8, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  17. ^ "Baltimore Central Light Rail Line". Roadstothefuture.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  18. ^ Baltimore City Paper, "Ballot Stuffing" Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., August 19, 1998.
  19. ^ Wagner, John (July 25, 2005). "In Schaefer, Ehrlich Has Ally Across The Aisle". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  20. ^ "Our Campaigns – MD Comptroller – D Primary Race – Sep 10, 2002".
  21. ^ Nitkin, David (September 6, 2002). "Glendening's shadow darkens several races: Governor's unpopularity might spill over onto allies". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  22. ^ Michael Dresser and David Nitkin (May 6, 2004). "Delayed fast-food order fodder for comptroller". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 4, 2004.
  23. ^ Washington Post, "Schaefer Faults AIDS Patients", October 13, 2004; Page B01.
  24. ^ Washington Post, "Schaefer Apologizes to Ehrlich Aide", February 18, 2006; Page B01.
  25. ^ Baltimore Sun, "Schaefer's words stir criticism"[permanent dead link], July 6, 2006.
  26. ^ Washington Post, "Owens Assails Schaefer's Remarks", September 6, 2006; Page B01.
  27. ^ WUSA9 News, Washington, D.C., "Comptroller Campaign Battle Of Barbs" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Video Archived February 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., September 8, 2006.
  28. ^ Baltimore Sun, "Comptroller Race Takes on a Personal Tone"[permanent dead link], September 7, 2006.
  29. ^ NBC4 News, Washington, D.C., "Johnson Earns Democratic Nod For Prince George's Co. Exec.", September 12, 2006.
  30. ^ Ovetta Wiggins, "Franchot Takes Office, Claims Expanded Role", The Washington Post, January 23, 2007, page B02.
  31. ^ "William Donald Schaefer Adjusting To New Home". wjz.com. WJZ-TV. April 28, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
  32. ^ Lobianco, Tom (April 19, 2011). "Former Md. gov., Baltimore mayor Schaefer dies". WTOP.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  33. ^ National Winners | public service awards. Jefferson Awards.org. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.
  34. ^ "William Donald Schaefer Civic Fund". Baltimore Community Foundation. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  35. ^ "Maryland Department of General Services". Dgs.maryland.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2011.

External links[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by
Thomas L. J. D'Alesandro III 		Mayor of Baltimore
1971–1987 		Succeeded by
Clarence H. Burns
Preceded by
Harry R. Hughes 		Governor of Maryland
January 21, 1987 – January 18, 1995 		Succeeded by
Parris Glendening
Preceded by
Robert L. Swann 		Comptroller of Maryland
January 25, 1999 – January 22, 2007 		Succeeded by
Peter Franchot
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