1.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
2.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
3.
Baseball
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Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding. A run is scored when a player advances around the bases, Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates turns batting. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the team records three outs. One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the team, constitutes an inning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century and this game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, in the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball teams are divided into the National League and American League, each with three divisions, East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series, the top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision, a French manuscript from 1344 contains an illustration of clerics playing a game, possibly la soule, with similarities to baseball. Other old French games such as thèque, la balle au bâton, consensus once held that todays baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular in Great Britain and Ireland. Baseball Before We Knew It, A Search for the Roots of the Game, by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England, recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of other. It has long believed that cricket also descended from such games. The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, David Block discovered that the first recorded game of Bass-Ball took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. William Bray, an English lawyer, recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford and this early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants
4.
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
5.
Wisconsin Badgers football
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The Wisconsin Badgers football team is the intercollegiate football team of University of Wisconsin–Madison. The Badgers have competed in the Big Ten Conference since its formation in 1896 and they play their home games at Camp Randall Stadium, the fourth-oldest stadium in college football. Wisconsin has had two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, and have had nine former players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, as of January 2,2017, the Badgers have an all-time record of 685–489–53. The teams nickname originates in the history of Wisconsin. In the 1820s and 1830s, prospectors came to the looking for minerals. Without shelter in the winter, the miners had to live like badgers in tunnels burrowed into hillsides, the first Badger football team took the field in 1889, losing the only two games it played that season. In 1890, Wisconsin earned its first victory with a 106–0 drubbing of Whitewater Normal School, however, the very next week the Badgers suffered what remains their most lopsided defeat, a humiliating 63–0 loss at the hands of the University of Minnesota. Since then, the Badgers and Gophers have met 122 times, upon the formation of the Big Ten conference in 1896, Wisconsin became the first-ever conference champion with a 7–1–1 record. Over the next ten years, the Badgers won or shared the title three more times, and recorded their first undefeated season, going 9–0–0. With the exception of their undefeated season in 1912, in which they won their fifth Big Ten title. The 1912 season would be their last conference title until 1952, the team posted mostly winning seasons over the next several seasons however. 1942 was an important year for Wisconsin football, on October 24, the #6 ranked Badgers defeated the #1 ranked Ohio State Buckeyes at Camp Randall, catapulting Wisconsin to the #2 spot in the AP poll. Unfortunately for the Badgers, their championship hopes were dashed in a 6–0 defeat by the Iowa Hawkeyes the following week. Nevertheless, Wisconsin won the remainder of its games, finishing the season 8–1–1 and #3 in the AP, afterwards, the Badgers struggled to regain their momentum, with their efforts hampered by many of their star players leaving as a result of World War II. In the late 1940s, fans began insisting that head coach Harry Stuhldreher resign, many times chanting Goodbye Harry, especially during 1948, Stuhldreher stepped down as head coach, while keeping his duties as athletic director. Stuhldreher then named Ivy Williamson as head coach The Badgers experienced great success during the 1950s under Williamson, in one stretch, from 1950-1954, the Badgers went 26-8-3. In 1952, the received its first #1 ranking by the Associated Press. That season, the Badgers again claimed the Big Ten title, there they were defeated 7–0 by the Southern California, and would finish the season ranked #11 in the AP
6.
End (gridiron football)
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An end in American and Canadian football is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles. Rules state that an offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage. The position was used in this sense until roughly the 1960s, on offense, an end who lines up close to the other linemen is known as a tight end and is the only lineman who aside from blocking can run or catch passes. One who lines up some distance from the line is known as a split end. In recent years and the proliferation of the pass, the generic term wide receiver has come to define both split ends and flankers. The terms “split end” and “flanker” are often ditched today for terms like X and Z receivers, bill Carpenter was the first Lonesome end. On defense, there is a commonly used position called the defensive end and its primary role is to rush the passer, as well as to stop offensive runs to the outer edges of the line of scrimmage. However, as there are no rules regulating the formation of the defense, players at this position commonly take on, don Hutson of the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Green Bay Packers was one of the sports greatest. The self described other end opposite Hutson in college at Alabama was legendary coach Bear Bryant, gaynell Tinsley was another prominent of Hutsons time. Amos Alonzo Stagg of Yale and Arthur Cumnock of Harvard were ends on the first All-America team, Stagg went on to a hall of fame coaching career, some called Cumnock the greatest Harvard player of all time. Mike Ditka and Ron Sellers were some of the last to play the position in college, glossary of American football History of American football positions Tight end Defensive end Wide receiver
7.
Halfback (American football)
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A halfback is an offensive position in American football, whose duties involve lining up in the backfield and carrying the ball on most rushing plays, i. e. a running back. The halfback position is one of the more glamorous positions on the field, sometimes the halfback can catch the ball from the backfield on short passing plays as he is an eligible receiver. Occasionally, they line up as wide receivers. When not running or catching the ball, the responsibility of a halfback is to aid the offensive linemen in blocking. Before the emergence of the T-formation in the 1940s, all members of the backfield were legitimate threats to run or pass the ball. Most teams used four offensive backs on every play, a quarterback, the quarterback began each play a quarter of the way back, the halfbacks began each play side by side and halfway back, and the fullback began each play the farthest back. Historically, from the 1870s through the 1950s, the position was both an offensive and defensive position. There has also been a shift in most offense’s dependence on halfbacks, however, the average output of the halfback has not changed. Older systems require the halfback be proficient at throwing the ball downfield as well, many of the “scat backs” in the modern era produce more total yards and touchdowns than their ancestor “power backs” by breaking off big plays on outside runs and receptions. The spread offense and the hurry-up offense change the halfback’s role, the spread, the hurry-up, and the pro-style offenses dominate American football but the “smash-mouth” style of play is far from extinct. A power-running scheme is often utilized to counter an effective Spread attack, as it allows a team to control the clock and this strategy is utilized in NFL, college, and all other forms of American football. The need for “power backs is very prevalent, alongside the need for “scat backs”, in the past few decades the role of the halfback has gone through a great shift as most offensive game plans are now fueled by creativity and finesse instead of raw force. Stamina and durability is more important than ever in the hurry-up offense, on the other hand, speed is often valued over strength, and pass-catching ability is sometimes valued over blocking proficiency. Power was once the most desired trait in a halfback, but has been taken by the need for a diverse skill set. In the last few decades the running back’s individual share of output has declined as quarterbacks are generally treated as the cornerstone of the offense. The demands of an up-tempo offense also favor a multiple running back system, from the dawn of American football through the 1880s most offensive schemes focused on the running game. In a running based game plan the halfback was typically the cornerstone of the offense and this system focused on a physical run attack concentrated in the inside of the field, and therefore depended on a skilled “power back”. There were no forward passes, and pure speed took a backseat to tackle-breaking and bucking ability, there was a focus on physicality over finesse, as this type of playing style earned the moniker of “smash mouth” football
8.
South Dakota State Jackrabbits
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The South Dakota State Jackrabbits are the 19 intercollegiate teams representing South Dakota State University that compete in the U. S. National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division I. SDSU is currently a member of the Summit League, the Missouri Valley Football Conference, some of the universitys venues compete as some of the finest in the nation. Frost Arena is the 6,500 seat on campus facility that houses mens and womens basketball, erv Huether Field is home of the Jackrabbit baseball team. Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium, the football stadium with a capacity for 19,340 fans. Also on the master plans are an on campus soccer stadium. 2025 master plan calls for a competition and practice facility. Located in the end zone of Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium. Houses football staff, sports medicine and athletic training, Sanford Jackrabbit Athletic Complex, Connected to the north side of the Dykhouse Athlete Center. It boasts 149, 284-square feet of space and one of five 300-meter tracks in NCAA Division 1. Stanley J. Marshall HPER Center Pool, the six-lane competition pool is 25 yards long. A diving well allows for 1- and 3-meter competitions, the Dykhouse Student Athlete Center, the home of Jackrabbit football, opened prior to the 2010 football season. The Sanford Jackrabbit Athlete Complex, an indoor practice and competition facility opened October 11,2014. It is immediately north of and attached to the Dykhouse Student Athlete Center, inside the track is an 80-yard football field plus end zones at each end. The turf in the facility is soy-based Astroturf, the SJAC has areas for sports medicine including rehab space, a training room, additional weight-training facilities, hydrotherapy, a football team room, offices and academic advising facilities. The Dykhouse Student Athlete Center is immediately north of the new stadium for Jackrabbit football, the Dykhouse Stadium was constructed for easy expansion to 22,500 and the potential for future expansion to a capacity of 40,000. Like the SJAC, the turf in the Stadium is soy-based Astroturf, next up on the athletics facilities master plan is renovation of Frost Arena, the venerable home of SDSU basketball, including new practice courts and wrestling facilities
9.
Texas Longhorns football
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The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the Big 12 Conference, the team is coached by Tom Herman and home games are played at Darrell K Royal – Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. Beginning in 1893, the Texas Longhorns football program is one of the most highly regarded and historic programs of all time. From 1937 to 1946 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Dana X. Bible, and then from 1957 to 1976 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Darrell K. Royal, who won three national championships. In 2012, the program was valued at $805 million. In 2008, ESPN ranked Texas as the seventh-most prestigious college football program since 1936, as of the end of the 2016 season, Texas all-time record is 891–359–33, which ranks as the second-most wins in NCAA Division I FBS history. Other NCAA records include 108 winning seasons out of 122 total seasons,23 seasons with 10 or more wins,9 undefeated seasons, and 26 seasons with at most one loss or tie. From 1936 to 2012, the Longhorns football teams have been in the AP or coaches rankings 66 out of 76 seasons, finishing those seasons ranked in the top twenty-five 48 times, Texas claims four Division I-A national championships and 32 conference championships. Seventeen Longhorns have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, the Longhorns have played their home games in Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium on Joe Jamail Field since 1924. The stadium is located on the campus of The University of Texas in Austin, the current DKR-Texas Memorial Stadium and Big 12 attendance record was set on September 4,2016 with 102,315 spectators. The final planned phase of the expansion includes the construction of permanent seating. However, the date of the construction phase to fully enclose the south end zone has not been set nor have any funds been raised. Before the Longhorns football team moved to DKR, they played their games at Clark Field from 1894 to 1924. Clark Field was a stadium located on the University of Texas campus. The Longhorns last game at Clark Field before moving to brand new Memorial Stadium occurred on October 25,1924, the Longhorns battled the Florida Gators to a 7–7 tie that day. The 1893 team did not always wear orange and they also wore gold and white uniforms. In 1895, the Texas Athletic Association moved to orange and white colors, in 1897, the Association moved to orange and maroon to save cleaning costs. The Cactus Yearbook at the time listed the University colors as either gold or orange and white until the 1899 Cactus declared the University colors to be gold, students at the Universitys medical branch in Galveston were in favor of royal blue
10.
Kentucky Wildcats football
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The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, until about 1913, the modern University of Kentucky was referred to as Kentucky State College and nearby Transylvania University was known as Kentucky University. In 1880, Kentucky University and Centre College played the first intercollegiate game in Kentucky. Kentucky State first fielded a team in 1881, playing three games against rival Kentucky University. The team was revived in 1891, both the inaugural 1881 squad and the revived 1891 squad have unknown coaches according to university records in winning two games and losing three. The 1891 teams colors were blue and light yellow, decided before the Centre–Kentucky game on December 19, a student asked What color blue. And varsity letterman Richard C. Stoll pulled off his necktie and this is still held as the origin of Kentuckys shade of blue. The next year light yellow was dropped and changed to white, the 1892 team was coached by A. M. Miller, and went 2–4–1. The greatest UK team of this era was the 1898 squad, to this day, the Immortals remain the only undefeated, untied, and unscored upon team in UK football history. The Immortals were coached by W. R. Bass and ended the year a perfect 7–0–0, head coach Jack Wright led the team to a 7–1 record in 1903, losing only to rival and southern champion Kentucky University. Fred Schacht posted a 15–4–1 record in two seasons but died unexpectedly after his second season, J. White Guyn also had success leading the Wildcats, posting a 17–7–1 record in his three years. Edwin Sweetland went 16–3 in three seasons but resigned due to poor health, Sweetland also served as Kentuckys first athletics director. The 1909 team upset the Illinois Fighting Illini, upon their welcome home, Philip Carbusier said that they had fought like wildcats, a nickname that stuck. John J. Tigert coached Kentucky for two seasons with each season having one loss, the 1916 team fought the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association co-champion Tennessee Volunteers to a scoreless tie. The years only a loss,45 to 0 to the Irby Curry-led Vanderbilt Commodores, was the dedication of Stoll Field, quarterbacks Curry and Kentuckys Doc Rodes were both selected All-Southern at years end. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin stated If you would give me Doc Rodes, Coach Harry Gamage had a 32–25–5 record during his seven seasons from 1927 to 1933. A. D. Kirwan, who would go on to be the president of the university, coached the Wildcats from 1938 to 1944, longtime athletics director Bernie Shively also served as Kentuckys head football coach for the 1945 season. Coach Paul Bear Bryant was Kentuckys head football coach for eight seasons, Bear Bryant came to Kentucky from Maryland
11.
South Dakota State Jackrabbits men's basketball
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The South Dakota State Jackrabbits Mens Basketball team is a basketball team that represents South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota. The Jackrabbits are a NCAA Division I member and have played in the Summit League since 2007, the team has a 1452-999-1 overall record. Prior to moving to Division I in 2004, the Jackrabbits had great success while in Division II, the team won 20 conference championships with the North Central Conference, advanced to the NCAA Division II Tournament 24 times, and won the national championship in 1963. Although initially struggling after the move to Division I, the team has increased their win total each season of their Division I career. The team had their first 20 win season at the Division I level in 2011-2012 and advanced to their first NCAA Division I Tournament in 2012, the Jackrabbits have appeared in four NCAA Division I Tournaments. The highest seed they have received is a #12 in 2016. From 2011–2015 the round of 64 was known as the Second Round The Jackrabbits appeared in one National Invitation Tournament, the Jackrabbits have appeared in one College Basketball Invitational. The Jackrabits have appeared in the NCAA Division II Tournament 24 times and they were national champions in 1963. All home and road games are covered on the Jackrabbit Sports Network, the broadcast range of the Jackrabbit Sports Network covers eight states, and consists of the following stations, WNAX 570AM KJJQ 910AM KRKI99
12.
Wisconsin Badgers baseball
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The team competed in NCAA Division I and were members of the Big Ten Conference. The schools first baseball team was fielded in 1900, the baseball program was discontinued at the conclusion of the 1991 season. 1902191219301946 1950* Wisconsin has had 38 Major League Baseball Draft selections since the draft began in 1965
13.
Big Ten Conference
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The Big Ten Conference, formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. The conference includes the public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H, in 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Big Ten member institutions are predominantly major flagship research universities with large financial endowments, large student enrollment is also a hallmark of Big Ten universities, as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students. Northwestern University, one of just two members with a total enrollment of fewer than 30,000 students, is the lone private university among Big Ten membership. Collectively, Big Ten universities educate more than 520,000 total students and have 5.7 million living alumni, Big Ten universities engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Big Ten universities are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures, Johns Hopkins University was invited in 2012 to join the Big Ten as an associate member participating in mens lacrosse only. In 2015, it was accepted as an associate member in womens lacrosse. Notre Dame is scheduled to join the Big Ten in 2017 as a member in mens ice hockey. Notes Notes Notes The University of Chicago was a co-founder of the conference, lake Forest College attended the original 1895 meeting that led to the formation of the conference, but did not join it. Full members Full members Sport Affiliate Other Conference Other Conference The Big Ten Conference sponsors championship competition in 14 mens and 14 womens NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes, * Notre Dame will join the Big Ten in the 2017–18 school year as an affiliate member in mens ice hockey. It continues to field its other sports in the ACC except in football where it will continue to compete as an independent, ° Johns Hopkins joined the Big Ten in 2014 as an affiliate member in mens lacrosse, with womens lacrosse to follow in 2016. Ohio State and Penn State, like most NCAA fencing schools, have coed teams,2, Mens rowing, whether heavyweight or lightweight, is not governed by the NCAA, but instead by the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Rutgers Mens Rowing was downgraded to Club status in 2008,3, Unlike rifle, pistol is not an NCAA-governed sport. 4, Rifle is technically a mens sport, but mens, womens, Ohio State fields a coed team. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a meeting on February 8,1896
14.
Southwest Conference
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The Southwest Conference was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996. Composed primarily of schools from Texas, at times the conference included schools from Oklahoma. After a long period of stability, Arkansas left in 1991 to join the Southeastern Conference, by March 1,1914 a number of schools had responded favorably to the idea. The first organizational meeting of the conference was set to be held on April 30,1914, the date was changed because representatives from every school could not make it then. It was ultimately held on May 5 and 7,1914 at the Oriental Hotel in Dallas, Texas and it was chaired by L. Theo Bellmont. Originally, Bellmont wanted Louisiana State University and the University of Mississippi to join the conference as well, the Southwest Intercollegiate Athletic Conference became an official body on December 8,1914, at a formal meeting at the Rice Hotel in Houston. Rice University left the conference in 1916, only to re-join in 1918, phillips University was a conference member for one year. Oklahoma left in 1919 to join the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association, however, the series between Texas and Oklahoma would continue as a non-conference matchup in the annual Red River Rivalry game held in Dallas. From 1925 until 1991, the University of Arkansas would be the only member not located within the state of Texas. By 1925, the name was shortened to simply Southwest Conference. After its organizational years, the conference settled into regularly scheduled meetings among its members, the SWC would be guided by seven commissioners, the first of whom, P. W. St. Clair, was appointed in 1938. In 1940, the conference took control of the then five-year-old Cotton Bowl Classic, Texas Technological College joined the SWC in 1958, followed by the University of Houston for the 1976 season. The conference celebrated its glory years in the 1960s, dominated by two teams, Texas and Arkansas. Texas won the 1963 National Championship, and Arkansas won a National Championship in 1964 in the Football Writers Association of America, in 1969, Texas won another National Championship by beating #2-ranked Arkansas 15-14 in the regular seasons final game. The 1969 Arkansas-Texas game in Fayetteville, Arkansas, attended by President Richard Nixon, is counted among the greatest college football games ever played. Texas also won the 1970 United Press International National Championship, which until 1974 was awarded prior to the bowl games, opponents usually were the runners-up from the Big 8 Conference or the Southeastern Conference, although independents Penn State and Notre Dame were also often featured. From the 1940s onward, the Cotton Bowl Classic was counted among the four bowl games. However, in the 1990s, the game declined in importance, in 1977, Notre Dame became the last team to win a national championship in the Cotton Bowl Classic by beating Texas in the January 1978 game
15.
Colorado College
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The Colorado College is a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, near the foot of the Rocky Mountains. It was founded in 1874 by Thomas Nelson Haskell, the college enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduates at its 90-acre campus,70 miles south of Denver. The college offers 42 majors and 33 minors, and has a student-faculty ratio of 10,1, famous alumni include Ken Salazar, Lynne Cheney, James Heckman, and Marc Webb. Colorado College is affiliated with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, Most sports teams are in the NCAA Division III, with the exception of Division I teams in mens hockey and womens soccer. Colorado College was founded in 1874 on land designated by U. S. Civil War veteran General William Jackson Palmer, founder Thomas Nelson Haskell, described it as a coeducational liberal arts college in the tradition of Oberlin College. Like many U. S. colleges and universities that have endured from the 19th century, it now is secular in outlook, Cutler Hall, the colleges first building, was completed in 1880 and the first degrees were conferred in 1882. The Beta-Omega Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity was chartered in 1904, William F. Slocum, president from 1888 to 1917, oversaw the initial building of the campus, expanded the library and recruited top scholars in a number of fields. In 1930 Shove Chapel was erected by Mr. John Gray, katharine Lee Bates wrote America the Beautiful during her summer teaching position at Colorado College in 1893. The tune has become somewhat of a school anthem for Colorado College and is commonly sung at commencement. In addition to its programs, the college offers a Master of Arts in Teaching degree. Tutt Library has approximately half a million bound volumes, in 2012, Colorado College yielded a student-to-faculty ratio of 10,1. Blocks are only three weeks long during the session, during which there are also graduate blocks of differing lengths. In parallel with the students, professors teach only one block at a time, classes are generally capped at 25 students to encourage a more personalized academic experience. In its 2017 edition, U. S. News & World Report ranks Colorado College as tied for 24th-best liberal arts college in the nation and No.2 among the most innovative national liberal arts colleges. The most innovative schools are making the most innovative improvements in terms of curriculum, faculty, students, campus life. Kiplingers Personal Finance places Colorado College 22nd in its 2016 ranking of best value liberal arts colleges in the United States, in 2016, Forbes rated it 57th overall in Americas Top Colleges, which ranked 660 national universities and liberal arts colleges. CC is considered a Hidden Ivy, CC was also ranked 19th on Newsweeks Most Desirable Urban Schools list in the same year. In 2012, Colorado College placed 12th in Niches Colleges with the Happiest Students, Colorado College is considered a most selective school by U. S. News & World Report
16.
South Dakota State University
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South Dakota State University is a public research university located in Brookings, South Dakota. It is the states largest and second oldest university, a land-grant university and sun grant university, founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act, SDSU offers programs of study required by, or harmonious to, this Act. In step with this land-grant heritage and mission, SDSU has a focus on academic programs in agriculture, engineering, nursing. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching classifies SDSU as a Research University with high research activity, the graduate program is classified as Doctoral/Science, Technology, Engineering, Math dominant. SDSU is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents, which governs the six public universities. The university was founded in the Dakota Territory on February 21,1881, the first building, with funding from the territorial legislature, was built in 1883, six years before the State of South Dakota was formed. Numerous expansions were funded in the late 19th century and early 20th century, the name was changed in 1904 to South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. In 1964, the name was changed to South Dakota State University, the name change was largely the result of Alumni Association. Initiated in 1962, this name change reflected the more comprehensive education offered at the university, in 1923, SDSUs instructional program was organized under five divisions, Agriculture, Engineering, General Science, Home Economics, and Pharmacy. In 1956, a Nursing program was established, and in 1957 a formal school was formed. In 1974, the College of General Registration was formed, in 1975, the Division of Education was created. An Honors College was formed in 1999, two colleges and seven departments combined in 2009 to create the College of Education and Human Sciences. The Hilton M. Briggs Library consists of more than 635,000 bound volumes,315,000 government documents,79,000 maps, the Coughlin Campanile, formerly used as the campus bell tower, is a familiar sight around campus. The campus also has two museums, the South Dakota State Art Museum, and the South Dakota Agricultural Heritage Museum, the art museum is home to over 6,000 works of art, while the agricultural museum is home to over 100,000 objects. Both museums are free to the public. Also close to campus are the McCrory Gardens and South Dakota Arboretum and these gardens include a 20-acre public display and a 45-acre arboretum. The gardens are open daily to the public, SDSU is also home to State University Theatre and Prairie Repertory Theatre, which produce numerous plays and musicals during the school year and summer breaks. The new 73, 000-square-foot SDSU Wellness Center opened in fall of 2008, the new building lightens up space in the HPER Center, allowing that to be used exclusively for athletes, while the Wellness Center is used only for students and the public
17.
Marquette University
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Marquette University /mɑːrˈkɛt/ is a private, coeducational Catholic university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the central United States. Established by the Society of Jesus as Marquette College on August 28,1881, it was founded by John Martin Henni, initially an all-male institution, Marquette became the first coed Catholic university in the world in 1909, when it began admitting its first female students. Marquette is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, the university is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and currently has a student body of about 12,000. Marquette is one of the largest Jesuit universities in the United States, the university also administers classes in suburbs around the Milwaukee area and in Washington, DC. While most students are pursuing degrees, the university has over 50 doctoral. The universitys varsity teams, known as the Golden Eagles, are members of the Big East Conference. In 2014, U. S. News & World Report ranked Marquette 75th among national universities, forbes ranked Marquette 87th among American research universities in 2013. Marquette University was founded 136 years ago on August 28,1881 as Marquette College by John Martin Henni, with funding from Belgian businessman Guillaume Joseph DeBuey, the university was named after 17th-century missionary and explorer Father Jacques Marquette. The highest priority of the newly established college was to provide an affordable Catholic education to the areas emerging German immigrant population, the first five graduates of Marquette College received their bachelor of arts degrees in 1887. Between 1891 and 1906, the college employed one full-time lay professor, by 1906, Marquette had awarded 186 students the bachelor of arts,38 the Master of Arts, and one student with a bachelor of science. Marquette College officially became a university in 1907, after it affiliated with a local medical school. Johnston Hall, which now houses the universitys College of Communication, was the first building erected on the new campus grounds, Marquette University High School, formerly the preparatory department of the university, became a separate institution the same year. In 1908, Marquette opened a college and purchased two law schools, which would ultimately become the foundation of its current law program. Initially an all-male institution, Marquette University became the first coed Catholic university in the world, by 1916 its female students had increased to 375, many other Catholic institutions began adopting similar approaches in their enrollments during the 1910s and 1920s. Marquette acquired the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1913, during the 1920s and again during the post-World War II years, Marquette rapidly expanded, opening a new library, athletics facilities, classroom buildings and residence halls. The student population increased markedly as well, met by the construction of buildings for the schools of law, business, dentistry, Marquette is credited with offering the first degree program specializing in hospital administration in the United States, and graduated the first two students in 1927. Despite the promising growth of the university, financial constraints led to the School of Medicine separating from Marquette in 1967 to become the Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquettes Golden Avalanche football team was disbanded in December 1960, and basketball became the leading spectator sport at the university. Graduate programs in the arts and sciences, for which planning had begun in the preceding decade, were officially opened in the 1970s
18.
University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth
19.
University of Kentucky
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The University of Kentucky is a public co-educational university in Lexington, Kentucky. S. The institution comprises 16 colleges, a school,93 undergraduate programs,99 master programs,66 doctoral programs. The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus, young Library, a federal depository, hosting subjects related to social sciences, humanities, and life sciences collections. In recent years, the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research, the directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution, in terms of an overall ranking to be determined by the university itself, by the year 2020. Courses were offered at Ashland, The Henry Clay Estate, three years later, James Kennedy Patterson became the first president of the land-grant university and the first degree was awarded. In 1876, the university began to offer degree programs. Two years later, A&M separated from Kentucky University, which is now Transylvania University, for the new school, Lexington donated a 52-acre park and fair ground, which became the core of UKs present campus. A&M was initially a male-only institution, but began to admit women in 1880, in 1892, the official colors of the university, royal blue and white, were adopted. An earlier color set, blue and light yellow, was adopted earlier at a Kentucky-Centre College football game on December 19,1891, the particular hue of blue was determined from a necktie, which was used to demonstrate the color of royal blue. On February 15,1882, Administration Building was the first building of three completed on the present campus, three years later, the college formed the Agricultural Experiment Station, which researches issues relating to agribusiness, food processing, nutrition, water and soil resources and the environment. This was followed up by the creation of the universitys Agricultural Extension Service in 1910, the extension service became a model of the federally mandated programs that were required beginning in 1914. Patterson Hall, the schools first womens dormitory, was constructed in 1904, residents had to cross a swampy depression, where the Student Center now stands, to reach central campus. Four years later, the name was changed to the State University, Lexington, Kentucky upon reaching university status. The university led to the creation of the College of Home Economics in 1916, the College of Commerce was established in 1925, known today as the Gatton College of Business and Economics. In 1929, Memorial Hall was completed, dedicated to the 2,756 Kentuckians who died in World War I and this was followed up by the new King Library, which opened in 1931 and was named for a long-time library director, Margaret I. The universitys graduate and professional programs became racially integrated in 1949 when Lyman T. Johnson, African Americans would not be allowed to attend as undergraduates until 1954, following the US Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Education decision. In 1939, Governor Happy Chandler appointed the first woman trustee on the University of Kentucky Board of Trustees and she served from 1939 to 1960. In 1962, Blazer Hall was opened as the Georgia M Blazer Hall for Women in tribute to her years of service as a University of Kentucky trustee
20.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
21.
College baseball
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College baseball is baseball that is played on the intercollegiate level at institutions of higher education. In comparison to football and basketball, college competition in the United States plays a role in developing professional players. Moving directly from school to the professional level is more common in baseball than in football or basketball. However, if players enroll at a college, they must complete three years to regain eligibility, unless they reach age 21 before starting their third year of attendance. Players who enroll at junior colleges regain eligibility after one year at that level, in the most recently completed 2016 season, there were 300 NCAA Division I teams in the United States. As with most other U. S. intercollegiate sports, competitive college baseball is played under the auspices of the NCAA or the NAIA, the NCAA writes the rules of play, while each sanctioning body supervises season-ending tournaments. The final rounds of the NCAA tournaments are known as the College World Series, the College World Series for Division I takes place in Omaha, Nebraska in June, following the regular season. The playoff bracket for Division I consists of 64 teams, with four teams playing at each of 16 regional sites, the 16 winners advance to the Super Regionals at eight sites, played head-to-head in a best-of-three series. The eight winners then advance to the College World Series, an elimination tournament to determine the two national finalists. The finalists play a series to determine the Division I national champion. In 2016, Coastal Carolina won the College World Series, the first intercollegiate baseball game took place in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, on July 1,1859, between squads representing Amherst College and Williams College. As these efforts resulted in players and overall programs, more television. The ESPN family of greatly increased television coverage of the NCAA playoffs. Soon, in many regions, baseball came to be considered a major sport. And even non-warm weather schools started to recognize baseballs potential and began to put more emphasis on it. Nebraska, Notre Dame, and Oregon State are three examples of cold weather schools with very successful programs. The first two made the College World Series when warm-weather schools placed major emphasis on baseball as well as had the advantage of playing earlier and more games because of favorable climates. Oregon State won back-to-back national championships in 2006 and 2007, at time, archrival Oregon had been without baseball for a quarter-century
22.
Solomon Juneau
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Solomon Laurent Juneau, or Laurent-Salomon Juneau, was a fur trader, land speculator, and politician who helped found the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was born in Repentigny, Quebec, Canada to François and his nephew was Joseph Juneau, who founded the city of Juneau, Alaska. After landing at Fort Michilimackinac in 1816, Juneau worked as a clerk in the fur trade before becoming an agent for the American Fur Company in Milwaukee, in 1831, Juneau began learning English and set in motion the naturalization and citizenship process. By 1835, he was selling plots of land in Juneautown and he built Milwaukees first store and first inn, and was recognized for his leadership among newcomers to Milwaukee. In 1837 he started the Milwaukee Sentinel, which would become the oldest continuously operating business in Wisconsin and he was the first mayor of Milwaukee from 1846 until 1847 and its first Postmaster. In 1820, Juneau married Josette, the Metis daughter of Jacques Vieau, Josette was the oldest of 12 children, and was Menominee and French by ancestry. Through her alliances to the tribe, and the relationships fostered through Juneaus business in fur trading, after the treaty of 1848 between the United States and the Menominee, Juneau registered his wife and children as half-breeds of the Menominee Nation. In 1854, Juneau and family relocated to Dodge County, Wisconsin, Josette died there in 1855, Solomon died one year later in Keshena, Wisconsin, on a visit to the Menominee tribe. He died in the arms of Benjamin Hunkins, his faithful friend, six Menominee chiefs served as pallbearers at his funeral. He is buried at Calvary Cemetery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Juneaus grandson Paul O. Husting would become a member of the United States Senate. The property that is believed to have once been the site of Juneaus residence is now the site of the Mitchell Building, SS Solomon Juneau Juneau Monument Mack, Edwin S. Madison, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Solomon Juneau, a biography with sketches of the Juneau family. Solomon Juneau at Find a Grave Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Wisconsin Historical Society Josette and Solomon Juneau Urban spelunking, Solomon Juneaus cabin
23.
Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
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Fort Atkinson is a city in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the Rock River, a few miles upstream from Lake Koshkonong, the population was 12,368 at the 2010 census. Fort Atkinson was named after General Henry Atkinson, the commander of U. S. forces in the area during the Black Hawk War against a band of Sauk, Meskwaki. The city developed at the site of Fort Koshkonong, which was used during that war, a replica of the original 1832 stockade has been built just outside town, although not at the original site. The fort was located to control the confluence of the Rock, the settlement grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century, after migration of United States pioneers from the East, especially from New York State and the northern tier. They were among the many migrants carrying the New England Yankee culture west across the northern tier of states, the history and natural history of Fort Atkinson and the surrounding area are presented at the Hoard Historical Museum and National Dairy Shrine Museum. William Dempster Hoard founded the nationally distributed dairy farm magazine, Hoards Dairyman, the museums include the Frank and Luella Hoard House, the Dwight and Almira Foster House, and the Knox Research Library and Archive. The Dairy Shrine portion of the complex portrays the past, present, the oldest man-made features near Fort Atkinson are a cluster of prehistoric earthworks indigenous mounds located just south of town. In a curious honor, settlers named them the General Atkinson Mound Group and these mounds are a remnant of the Woodland Period within present-day Wisconsin. Materials were traded within the culture from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, a 125-foot long panther intaglio appears on a mound west of town, the last remaining intaglio in the state. Fort Atkinsons 19th- and early 20th-century building history is preserved in the Main Street, other Registered Historic Places include the Fort Atkinson Water Tower, Panther Intaglio Effigy Mound, David W. and Jane Curtis House, Hoards Dairyman Farm, and Jones Dairy Farm. Fort Atkinson is located at 42°55′38″N 88°50′26″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.82 square miles, of which 5.67 square miles is land and 0.15 square miles is water. The city developed along the river, which provided the earliest transportation pathways for trade, occasionally the downtown area is flooded when the Rock River exceeds its banks. Just east of the city, the Bark River enters the Rock, the Rock River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, which it joins at Rock Island, Illinois. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,368 people,5,125 households, the population density was 2,181.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 5,429 housing units at a density of 957.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 5% White,0. 6% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 7% Asian,4. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 9. 1% of the population. 30. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.94
24.
South Dakota State Jackrabbits football
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The South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team is a Football Championship Subdivision program that competes in the Missouri Valley Football Conference. The Jackrabbits were NCAA Division II program in the North Central Conference until moving to the Football Championship Subdivision in 2004, the current head coach is John Stiegelmeier. Connected to the student athlete center is one of the largest indoor practice facilities in NCAA Division I, jim Langer is the only Jackrabbit, and the only North Central Conference football player, to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Records current as of November 2015 The Jackrabbits have appeared in the FCS playoffs six times with an record of 4–6. The Jackrabbits have appeared in the Division II playoffs one time with an record of 0–1. State Field Coughlin-Alumni Stadium 1962–2016 Dana J, the new stadium will have seating for 19,340 with easy expansion to 22,500. The Sanford Jackrabbit Athletic Complex is the Jackrabbits new State-of-the-art indoor practice facility, the facility was opened on October 11,2014. Inside the track is an 80-yard football field plus end zones at each end and is composed of a soy-based Astroturf, within the facility it has areas for sports medicine and strength and conditioning. Sports medicine features include rehab space, a room, weight room expansion, hydrotherapy. Passing Yards, Austin Sumner – Rushing Yards, Josh Ranek – Receiving Yards, Jake Wieneke All home, the broadcast range of the Jackrabbit Sports Network covers eight states, and consists of the following stations, WNAX 570AM KJJQ 910AM KRKI99
25.
1906 college football season
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The 1906 IAAUS football season was the first played under the authority of the IAAUS and the first in which the forward pass was permitted. St. Louis University finished at 11-0-0, the Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Princeton had been the best college football team of 1906. Other selectors recognized Yale as the champions for 1906. Although his nearsightedness kept him off the Harvard varsity squad, Theodore Roosevelt was an exponent of football’s contribution to the “strenuous life. He helped revive the annual Harvard-Yale football series after it had been canceled for two following the violent 1894 clash that was deemed “the bloodbath at Hampden Park. ”His belief that the football field was a proving ground for the battlefield was validated by the performance of his fellow Rough Riders who were former football standouts. “In life, as in a game, ” he wrote, “the principle to follow is, Hit the line hard, don’t foul and don’t shirk, but hit the line hard. ”In 1903. I do not feel any sympathy for the person who gets battered about a good deal so long as it is not fatal. ”He summoned the head coaches and representatives of the premier collegiate powers—Harvard, Yale. Roosevelt urged them to excessive violence and make an example of fair play for the rest of the country. The schools released a statement condemning brutality and pledging to keep the game clean, following the 1905 season, Stanford and California switched to rugby while Columbia, Northwestern and Duke dropped football. Roosevelt wrote in a letter to a friend that he would not let Eliot “emasculate football, ” and he urged for radical rule changes, and he invited other school leaders to the White House in the off-season. An intercollegiate conference, which would become the forerunner of the NCAA and they legalized the forward pass, abolished the dangerous flying wedge, created a neutral zone between offense and defense and doubled the first-down distance to 10 yards, to be gained in three downs. Georgia Tech coach John Heisman had seen the play attempted in 1895 in a Georgia vs. North Carolina game, and lobbied for its legalization starting in 1903. Finally, in 1906, the Rules Committee, college football’s governing body, legalized the forward pass. ”Numerous changes were made, various persons are given credit for the suggestion. Bell, Sr. and Dr. J. William White were later credited with designing rules that would permit a pass, among the other rule changes made for the 06 season included, Length of game reduced from 70 minutes to two halves of 30 minutes each. The two teams would be separated by a zone at the line of scrimmage. Team had to gain 10 yards in 3 plays rather than 5 yards for a first down, offensive linemen had to drop back five yards behind scrimmage if not moving forward. Field marked with lines every five yards, a fourth official added to enforce the rules. If the defense committed a foul, the 15 yard penalty didnt apply to the offense, in addition, a pass could not be caught more than 20 yards beyond the line of scrimmage, nor beyond the goal line
26.
1907 college football season
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The 1907 IAAUS football season saw the increased use of the forward pass, which had been legalized the year before. Football remained a game, despite the debrutalization reforms. However, there were no injuries reported among the major colleges. The Yale Bulldogs, unbeaten with a record of 10-0-1, had the best record, the Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Yale had been the best college football team of 1907. Yale and Penn both claim 1907 as a championship season. While Yale was named as champion by 6 different entities, Penn was not named champion by any, penns claim to the championship is only by the university itself. The rules for American football in 1907 were significantly different than the ones of a century later, however, because of problems with the rules at that time, which penalized the offense for an incomplete pass, there were predictions that the forward pass would be scrapped. Attempting a pass in 1907 was still a business, because an incomplete attempt would result in stiff penalties—15 yards back from the spot from which the pass was thrown on first or second down. If the defense committed a foul, the 15 yard penalty didnt apply to the offense, in addition, a pass could not be caught in the end zone, nor more than 20 yards beyond the line of scrimmage. The Big Nine Conference, still known as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives. Iowa became a joint member of the Big 9 and the Missouri Valley conferences, the Princeton Tigers and Yale Bulldogs had both been unbeaten in 1906, and played to a 0-0 tie at seasons end, giving both teams a 9-0-1 record. Among other schools that would later be described as the Ivy League, elsewhere in the East, the United States Naval Academy Midshipmen and the Carlisle Indian School were expected to do well. In the South, the Vanderbilt Commodores and the Sewanee Tigers of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association were considered contenders, Carlisle opened its season early with a 40-0 win over Lebanon Valley on September 21, and Brown beat New Hampshire, 16-0. Colgate, which would later be a contender, lost to Niagara, 11-6, on September 28, Pennsylvania beat North Carolina in a driving rain at Philadelphia, 27-0. Princeton crushed Stevens Tech 47-0, while Harvard was held to a touchdown in a 5-0 win over Bowdoin, Brown beat Massachusetts 5-0, and Fordham and Rutgers played to a 5-5 tie. Yale opened its season on Wednesday afternoon, October 2, with a 25-0 win over Wesleyan. The same day, Harvard beat Maine, 30-0, Navy tuned up with a 26-0 win over St. Johns College of Maryland, Pennsylvania beat Villanova 16-0 and Carlisle rolled over Susquehanna, 91-0. At West Point, the United States Military Academy opened its season with a 23-0 win over Franklin & Marshall
27.
1911 college football season
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The 1911 NCAA football season was the last one before major reforms were made to the American game in 1912. In 1911, touchdowns were worth five points, the field was 110 yards in length, although no team finished the season unbeaten and untied, the United States Naval Academy finished with a record of 6 wins and 3 ties. Two of the ties were 0-0 games with the other major teams, Penn State. Other teams that finished the season unbeaten were Minnesota and Florida, Vanderbilt beat visiting Centre College 45-0, in its first four games, Vandy had outscored its opposition 164-0. Carlisle beat Lafayette 19-0 At Philadelphia, Penn State beat Pennsylvania, army beat Lehigh 20-0 Georgetown beat St. Johns College of Maryland, 20-0. Princeton beat Holy Cross 20-0 Minnesota won at Iowa 24-6, Carlisle won its 8th game, 16-0 over Penn. Michigan and Syracuse played to a 6-6 tie, Georgia beat Clemson three days later at Augusta, 22-0 Florida beat visiting Columbia College 9-0 in a Friday game. Carlisle handed Harvard its second loss, winning 18-15 Navy beat West Virginia 32-0. Army was scored upon for the first time in six games, Chicago beat Cornell 6-0 Vanderbilt beat Ole Miss 21-0. Georgia beat Georgia Tech 5-0 Harvard beat Dartmouth 5-3, Minnesota beat Illinois 11-0 Chicago beat Wisconsin 5-0 Michigan and Nebraska 6-6 tie Carlisle won at Johns Hopkins, 29-6 Harvard and Yale played to 0-0 tie. Kansas travels to Missouri for a 3–3 tie in what is considered the first homecoming game. More than 1,000 people gathered in downtown Lawrence, Kansas, on Wednesday, November 29, in Savannah, Georgia and Auburn played to a 0-0 tie. Penn State won at Pittsburgh 3-0, to finish the season 8-0-1, Carlisle closed its season with a 12-6 win at Brown. The last five-point American football touchdown was scored on January 1,1912, in a game played in Havana, mississippi A&M College defeated the Club Atletico de Cuba, 12-0. The following is a incomplete list of conference standings, The consensus All-America team included, Rushing yards leader, Jim Thorpe, Carlisle,899 Rushing avg. leader
28.
1912 college football season
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On September 26, Cornell defeated Washington & Jefferson 3-0. Princeton beat Stevens 65-0 and three days later, beat Rutgers 41-6, dartmouths won 26-0 over Bates College. After opening with a 33-0 Wednesday win over Albright, Lehigh beat Delaware 45-0, Swarthmore won at Johns Hopkins 40-6. Carlisle beat Dickinson 35-0, and followed on Wednesday with a 65-0 win over Villanova at Harrisburg, Vanderbilt opened with a 105-0 win over visiting Bethel College. October 5 Harvard beat Holy Cross 19-0, Yale beat Syracuse, 21-0, Princeton defeated Lehigh 35-0, Carlisle and Washington & Jefferson played a scoreless tie. Penn State beat Carnegie Tech 41-0, wisconsin opened with a 13-0 win over Lawrence College, Michigan beat Case 34-0, and Chicago beat Indiana 13-0. Vanderbilt scored in triple digits again, but was scored upon, Georgia beat Chattanooga 33-0 and Auburn beat Mercer 56-0 in a game at Columbus, Georgia. October 12 Harvard defeated Williams 26-3, Yale beat Lafayette 16-0, Princeton beat Virginia Tech 31-0, Penn State beat Washington & Jefferson 30-0, Carlisle won at Syracuse 33-0, Lehigh won at Navy, 14-0 and Swarthmore won at Penn 6-3. Georgetown beat Washington & Lee, 20-0 Vanderbilt beat visiting Rose-Hulman Institute 54-0, wisconsin beat Northwestern 56-0 and Michigan defeated Michigan State 55-7. October 19 Yale won at Army, 16-0, Dartmouth won at Williams 21-0, Harvard beat Amherst 46-0, Penn State won at Cornell 29-6, Carlisle won at Pittsburgh 45-8, and Swarthmore won at Annapolis, defeating Navy 21-6, to stay unbeaten. Georgetown won at North Carolina State, 48-0, Vanderbilt and Georgia met in Atlanta. Vandy handed the Bulldogs their only loss in a 46-0 drubbing, Sewanee beat Chattanooga 27-0, and Auburn defeated Clemson 27-6. After warmup wins over Daniel Baker College and Trinity College, Texas A&M beat Arkansas 27-0 in a game at Dallas, in another game at Dallas, Texas lost to Oklahoma, 21-6. Wisconsin beat Purdue 41-0, Michigan won at Ohio State 14-0, october 26 Princeton hosted Dartmouth and won 22-7. Harvard defeated Brown 30-10 and Yale beat Washington & Jefferson, 13-3, Penn State beat visiting Gettysburg College 25-0 and Swarthmore beat Villanova 27-0. In an intersectional game, Michigan lost at Syracuse 18-7, Vanderbilt beat Ole Miss 24-0 in Nashville, and Sewanee beat Tennessee 33-6 at Chattanooga. In Birmingham, Auburn defeated Mississippi State, 7-0, Carlisle won at Georgetown, 34-20, followed two days later by a game in Toronto in a 49-7 win against the Toronto All-Stars. At Philadelphia, Penn State beat Pennsylvania, 22-6, in Columbus, Georgia, Georgia beat Alabama 13-9
29.
1917 college football season
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The 1917 NCAA football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Georgia Tech as national champions, the Souths first. Pittsburgh, Ohio State, Texas A&M, Williams, and Washington State were also undefeated, the Golden Tornado was invited to play a 4–3 Oregon team in the Rose Bowl, but by then many players had joined the war effort. In the second week of play, Georgia Tech beat Penn 41–0, bernie McCarty called it Struppers finest hour, coming through against powerful Penn in the contest that shocked the East. By comparison, Pitt defeated Penn 14–6, one conference changed its name for the 1917 season, Michigan rejoined the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives after a nine-year absence. As such, the league was first unofficially coined the Big Ten, september 29 In a doubleheader, Georgia Tech beat Furman and then Wake Forest, 25–0 and 33–0 respectively. October 6 Georgia Tech beat Penn at home 41 to 0, october 13 Georgia Tech beat Davidson 32–10, its closest game all season. October 20 Georgia Tech beat Washington & Lee 63–0, october 27 Undefeated Pittsburgh beat Penn on the road 14 to 6. November 3 Georgia Tech gave Vanderbilt its worst ever beating, 83–0, november 10 A freshman Buck Flowers at Davidson upset Auburn 21–7. All of Georgia Techs backs rushed for 100 yards in a 48–0 defeat of Tulane, november 17 Georgia Tech beat Carlisle 98–0. November 24 Auburn fought undefeated Ohio State to a scoreless tie, coach Heisman of Georgia Tech and his players were at the game, rooting for the Tigers. November 29 Georgia Tech beat Auburn 68 to 7, the Mare Island Marines would defeat Camp Lewis 19-7 in the 1918 Rose Bowl
30.
1918 college football season
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The 1918 NCAA football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan and Pittsburgh as national champions. Perhaps the highest profile game was a highly publicized War Charities benefit staged at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh in front of many of the top sports writers. The game pitted John Heismans undefeated, unscored upon, and defending national champion Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets against Pop Warners Pittsburgh Panthers who were sitting on a 30 game win streak. The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 saw the implementation of quarantines that eliminated much of that college football season. Great Lakes Navy would defeat Mare Island Marines 17-7 in the 1919 Rose Bowl, the following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings, The consensus All-America team included, Receptions leader, Bernard Kirk, Notre Dame,7
31.
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
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The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association was one of the first collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. Twenty-seven of the current Division I FBS football programs were members of this conference at some point, the SIAA was founded on December 21,1894, by Dr. William Dudley, a chemistry professor at Vanderbilt, at the Kimball House in Atlanta. Dudley was a member of the Vanderbilt Athletic Association, formed in 1886 with Dr. W. M. Baskerville as president, most students at Vanderbilt were members. The early sports played on the Vanderbilt campus were baseball, bicycling, Dudley was primarily responsible for the formation of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Sewanees opposition stopped it from occurring, the original members were Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, Johns Hopkins, North Carolina, Sewanee, Vanderbilt, and Virginia. Virginia and North Carolina soon dropped before the inaugural 1895 season, the conference was originally formed for the development and purification of college athletics throughout the South. In 1903, a single-game football playoff occurred, but it seems to have been coordinated more so by the two competing schools than the conference itself, several other efforts over the years by individual schools to hold a conference title game fell through. Most SIAA titles claimed by schools in sports were actually more mythical in nature than officially sanctioned by the league. In 1915, a disagreement arose within the conference regarding the eligibility of freshman athletes, generally, the larger universities opposed the eligibility of freshman players, while the smaller schools favored it. As a result, some of the universities formed the Southern Intercollegiate Conference. At the conferences annual meeting on December 10,1920, the SIAA rejected proposals to ban freshman athletes, in protest, some schools that had voted in favor of the propositions immediately announced they would seek to form a new conference. In 1922, the Southern Conference underwent an expansion and added six more members, all at the expense of the SIAA, Florida, Louisiana State, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt. With the departure of most of the colleges, the SIAA became a de facto small college conference in 1923. In the 1920s and 1930s, the SIAA increased its membership with the addition of additional small universities. The conference eventually disbanded in 1942 with the onset of American involvement in World War II, original charter members are denoted in boldface. Invited charter members are denoted with an asterisk, in the era in which the SIAA operated, teams tended to join in December, therefore, the first year of conference play in a given sport was often the following calendar year. Conference affiliations reflect those for the 2016–17 school year
