William McIntosh
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William McIntosh, also known as Tustunnuggee Hutke, was one of the most prominent chiefs of the Muscogee Creek Nation between the turn of the 19th-century and his execution in 1825. He was a chief of
William McIntosh (1838), painting by Charles Bird King
Exhibit at Indian Springs State Park Museum
Creek War
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The Creek War was a regional conflict between opposing Native American factions, European powers, and the United States during the early 19th century. The Creek War began as a conflict within the trib
William McIntosh
…enslaved African-Americans to work on plantations in a manner similar to their European-American neighbors. Internal Muscogee tensions resulted in the Creek War (1813–1814), when tensions between the Lower Creeks and the traditional Red Sticks of the Upper Towns erupted into open conflict. McIntosh and other…
William Weatherford surrendering to Andrew Jackson
Painting (1805) of Benjamin Hawkins on his plantation, instructing Creeks in European technology
"General Jackson's campaign against the Creek Indians 1813 & 1814" (NAID 102279378)
U.S. regulars storm the breastworks at Horseshoe Bend