1.
2010 Toronto International Film Festival
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The 35th annual Toronto International Film Festival, was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 9 and September 19,2010. The opening night gala presented Score, A Hockey Musical, a Canadian comedy-drama musical film, last Night closed the festival on September 19. 2010 TIFF included 258 feature films, down from 264 in 2009, however, the number of short films at the 2010 festival increased to 81, making the total number of films 339, five more than in 2009. Of the feature films, TIFF claims that 112 are world premieres,24 are international premieres, and 98 are North American premieres
2.
Winona, Minnesota
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Winona is a city in and the county seat of Winona County, in the state of Minnesota. Located in picturesque bluff country on the Mississippi River, its most noticeable landmark is Sugar Loaf. The city is named after legendary figure Winona, said to have been the daughter of Chief Wapasha III. The population was 27,592 at the 2010 census, the city of Winona began on the site of a Native American village named Keoxa. The seat of the Wapasha dynasty, Keoxa was home to a Mdewakanton band of the eastern Sioux, non-Native Americans settled the area in 1851 and laid out the town into lots in 1852 and 1853. The original settlers were Yankee immigrants from New England, the population increased from 815 in December,1855, to 3,000 in December,1856. In 1856 German immigrants arrived as well, the Germans and the Yankees worked together planting trees and building businesses based on lumber, wheat, steamboating and railroads. For a time, Winona had more millionaires than any city of its size in the United States. The railroad and steamboat transportation industries helped Winona grow into a city that diversified into wheat milling. In 1856, over 1,300 steamboats stopped at Winona, the railway system grew and the Winona Railway Bridge, built of steel and iron with a steam-powered swingspan over the river, was the second railway bridge to span the Mississippi. The first train crossed on July 4,1891 and the served the Green Bay & Western and Burlington Route for the next 94 years until it was closed in 1985. In 1892, a wagon toll-bridge over the Mississippi, a steel high-bridge, was completed and remained in service until 1942, Winona has two historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places that combine into a single local historic district administered by the citys Heritage Preservation Commission. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 24.13 square miles,18.84 square miles is land and 5.29 square miles is water. Rochester is 44 miles to the west of Winona, La Crescent is 21 miles to the south, and La Crosse is 30 miles to the southeast. Winonas weather station records the warmest climate of any in Minnesota, with a normal average temperature of 48.9 °F, Temperature Summary Station,219067 WINONA, MN. Compared to 43. 2° in Austin to the citys southwest or 45. 4° in Minneapolis, to the northwest, temperatures are generally very mild by Minnesota standards year-round, the January mean is 17. 6°, while that of July is 75. 8°. The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Winona as the city of the Winona. As of the census of 2010, there were 27,592 people,10,449 households, the population density was 1,464.5 inhabitants per square mile
3.
Lucas (film)
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Lucas is a 1986 American teen tragicomedy film directed by David Seltzer and starring Corey Haim, Kerri Green, Charlie Sheen and Courtney Thorne-Smith. The film was Winona Ryders screen debut, Lucas Bly is an intelligent and nerdy 14-year-old high school student. He becomes acquainted with Maggie, an older girl who had just moved to town. After meeting Lucas on one of his quests, Maggie befriends him. Lucas, who finds himself a frequent victim of bullying and teasing, has a protector of sorts, Cappie Roew, an older student and football player. Even though Lucas deems it beneath her, Maggie becomes a cheerleader for the team in order to get closer to Cappie. Maggie complains to Lucas that shes interested in things besides just hanging out with him, on the night of the dance, Cappie is dumped by his girlfriend Alise, who has noticed his attraction to Maggie. A depressed Cappie finds comfort with Maggie at her house—much to the chagrin of Lucas, even though Cappie and Maggie invite him out for pizza, he rebukes them and rides off on his bike. Rina, Lucas best female friend, encounters him as he sits alone, even though she has feelings for him, Rina consoles Lucas as he frets about him and Maggie being from two different worlds. Meanwhile, Cappie and Maggie are out for pizza alone, Lucas happens to be riding by and witnesses their first kiss. In a last-ditch attempt to impress Maggie and gain the respect he so desperately craves, in the shower after practice, Lucas endures perhaps another prank from his constant tormentors Bruno and Spike. At the end of the day, Lucas flees in embarrassment to his hiding place. After she tells him with kindness that she wants him to be her friend, Maggie backs away, and a heartbroken Lucas screams at her to leave. The next day, Lucas removes his helmet during his first football game and is severely injured, Maggie, Cappie, and Rina attempt to contact Lucas parents, though Maggie discovers that she does not know Lucas as well as she thought she did. Meanwhile, Lucas schoolmates hold a vigil in the hospital for him as he recuperates, Maggie visits Lucas room that evening and sternly tells him never to play football again. Lucas promises, and the two reconcile, picking up their friendship where they left off and they speculate as to where they will be when the locusts return seventeen years later, both express the hope that they will still be friends when the locusts return again. Lucas returns to school a short time later, with schoolmates all casting surprised looks at him as he walks through the hall, upon reaching his locker, he finds Bruno and Spike there waiting for him, but he tries to ignore them as he opens his locker. Inside is a varsity jacket, with Lucas name and number on the back
4.
Goth subculture
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The goth subculture, which is found in many countries in the 2010s, began in England during the early 1980s in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post-punk genre. Notable post-punk groups that presaged that genre are Siouxsie and the Banshees, Joy Division, the goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify. Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from the 19th century Gothic literature along with horror films, the goth subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. The music of the goth subculture encompasses a number of different styles, including rock, industrial, deathrock, post-punk, darkwave, ethereal wave. Styles of dress within the range from deathrock, punk and Victorian styles, or combinations of the above, most often with dark attire, pale face makeup. The scene continues to draw interest from a large audience decades after its emergence, in Western Europe, there are large annual festivals, mainly in Germany. That same year, Velvet Underground with a track like All Tomorrows Parties, in the late 1970s, the gothic adjective was used to describe the atmosphere of post-punk bands like Siouxsie and the Banshees, Magazine and Joy Division. In March 1979, in his review of Magazines second album Secondhand Daylight, Kent noted that there was a new sense of authority in the music. The term was applied to newer bands such as Bauhaus who had arrived in the wake of Joy Division and Siouxsie. Bauhauss first single issued in 1979, Bela Lugosis Dead, is credited as the starting point of the gothic rock genre. In 1979, Sounds described Joy Division as Gothic and theatrical, in February 1980, Melody Maker qualified the same band as masters of this Gothic gloom. Critic Jon Savage would later say that their singer Ian Curtis wrote the definitive Northern Gothic statement and they may have taken the goth mantle from a 1981 article published in UK rock weekly Sounds, The face of Punk Gothique, written by Steve Keaton. In a text about the audience of UK Decay, Keaton asked, with Bauhaus flying in on similar wings could it be the next big thing. The term Batcaver was then used to describe old-school goths, independent from the British scene, in the late 1970s and early 1980s in California, deathrock developed as a distinct branch of American punk rock, with acts such as Christian Death and 45 Grave. Near the peak of this first generation of the scene in 1983. The popularity of 4AD bands resulted in the creation of a similar U. S. label, Projekt, which produces what was colloquially termed ethereal wave, a subgenre of dark wave music. The 1990s saw further growth for some 1980s bands and the emergence of new acts, as well as new goth-centric U. S. record labels such as Cleopatra Records. According to Dave Simpson of The Guardian, in the 90s, goths all, as a result, the goth movement went underground and mistaken for cyber goth, Shock rock, Industrial metal, Gothic metal, Medieval folk metal and the latest subgenre, horror punk
5.
Tim Burton
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Timothy Walter Tim Burton is an American film director, producer, artist, writer and animator. Burton has worked repeatedly with Johnny Depp, who has become a friend of Burton since their first film together. He has also worked with musician Danny Elfman, who has composed scores for all, actress Helena Bonham Carter, Burtons former domestic partner, has appeared in many of his films. Both compilations were published by Steeles Publishing, as a preteen, Burton would make short films in his backyard on Evergreen Street using crude stop motion animation techniques or shoot them on 8 mm film without sound. Burton studied at Burbank High School, but he was not a good student. He was a very introspective person, and found his pleasure in painting, drawing and watching films and his future work would be heavily influenced by the works of such childhood heroes as Dr. Seuss and Roald Dahl. After graduating from Burbank High School with Jeff Riekenberg, Burton attended the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia, California, as a student at CalArts, Burton made the shorts Stalk of the Celery Monster and King and Octopus. Stalk of the Celery Monster attracted the attention of Walt Disney Productions animation division and he worked as an animator, storyboard artist and concept artist on films such as The Fox and the Hound, The Black Cauldron and Tron. His concept art never made it into the finished films, the film was produced by Rick Heinrichs, whom Burton had befriended while working in the concept art department at Disney. The film was shown at the Chicago Film Festival and released, alongside the teen drama Tex, for two weeks in one Los Angeles cinema. Having aired once in 1983 at 10,30 pm on Halloween and promptly shelved, prints of the film are difficult to locate. The short would finally go on display in 2009 at the Museum of Modern Art. It was again shown at the Seoul Museum of Art in 2012, Burtons next live-action short, Frankenweenie, was released in 1984. It tells the story of a boy who tries to revive his dog after it is run over by a car. Filmed in black-and-white, it stars Barret Oliver, Shelley Duvall, after Frankenweenie was completed, Disney fired Burton, under the pretext of him spending the companys resources on doing a film that would be too dark and scary for children to see. Pursuing then an opportunity to make a film, he was approached by Griffin Dunne to direct the black comedy film After Hours. However, after Martin Scorseses project The Last Temptation of Christ was cancelled, not long after, actor Paul Reubens saw Vincent and chose Burton to direct the cinematic spin-off of his popular character Pee-wee Herman. Pee-wee Herman gained mainstream popularity with a stage show at The Groundlings
6.
Beetlejuice
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Beetlejuice is a 1988 American comedy-fantasy film directed by Tim Burton, produced by The Geffen Film Company and distributed by Warner Bros. After the success of Pee-wees Big Adventure, Burton was sent several scripts and became disheartened by their lack of imagination, when he was sent Michael McDowells original script for Beetlejuice, Burton agreed to direct, although Larry Wilson and later Warren Skaaren were hired to rewrite it. Beetlejuice was a critical and commercial success, grossing $73.7 million from a budget of $15 million. It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and three Saturn Awards, Best Horror Film, Best Makeup and Best Supporting Actress for Sylvia Sidney, the film spawned an animated television series that Burton produced and a planned unproduced sequel, Beetlejuice Goes Hawaiian. In 2012, new development on a sequel was announced, Barbara and Adam Maitland decide to spend their vacation decorating their idyllic Connecticut country home. As the two are driving home from a trip to town, Barbara swerves to avoid a dog, after they return home, she and Adam notice that they now lack reflections and they discover a Handbook for the Recently Deceased. The house is sold and the new owners, the Deetz family, Charles Deetz is a former real estate developer, his second wife Delia is a self-proclaimed sculptor, and his goth daughter Lydia, from his first marriage, is an aspiring photographer. Under the guidance of interior designer Otho, the Deetzes transform the house into tasteless pastel-toned modern art, the Maitlands own caseworker, Juno, informs them that they must remain in the house for 125 years, on pain of a dire fate. If they want the Deetzes out of the house, it is up to them to scare them away, barbaras and Adams attempts at scaring the family prove ineffective, despite their ability to shape-shift into monsters. Although Adam and Barbara remain invisible to Charles and Delia, teenage Lydia can see the ghost couple, against Junos advice, the Maitlands contact the miscreant Betelgeuse, Junos former assistant and now freelance bio-exorcist ghost, to scare away the Deetzes. At first, they are unaware that Betelgeuse is pronounced Beetlejuice, however, Betelgeuse quickly offends the Maitlands with his crude and morbid demeanor, and they reconsider hiring him, though too late to stop him from wreaking havoc on the Deetzes. The small towns charm and the supernatural events inspire Charles to pitch his boss Maxie Dean on transforming the town into a tourist hot spot, but Maxie wants proof of the ghosts. Horrified, Lydia summons Betelgeuse for help, but he agrees to help her only on the condition that she marry him, Betelgeuse saves the Maitlands and disposes of Maxie, his wife, and Otho, then prepares a wedding before a ghastly minister. The Maitlands intervene before the ceremony is completed, with Barbara riding a sandworm through the house to devour Betelgeuse, finally, the Deetzes and Maitlands agree to live in harmony within the house. Betelgeuse is stuck in the waiting room, there he attempts to cut in front of a witch doctor. Being Betelgeuse, however, he remains upbeat, This could be a look for me. Meanwhile, Adam, Barbara and Lydia are seen in the front room of the dancing to Harry Belafontes Jump In The Line to celebrate Lydia getting an A on her math test at school. The financial success of Pee-wees Big Adventure meant that Burton was considered a bankable director, while Warner Bros. was willing to pay for the scripts development, they were less willing to green-light Batman
7.
Cult film
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A cult film, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film that has acquired a cult following. Cult films are known for their dedicated, passionate fanbase, a subculture that engage in repeated viewings, quoting dialogue. Inclusive definitions allow for major productions, especially box office bombs, while exclusive definitions focus more on obscure. The difficulty in defining the term and subjectivity of what qualifies as a cult film mirror classificatory disputes about art, Cult films trace their origin back to controversial and suppressed films kept alive by dedicated fans. In some cases, reclaimed or rediscovered films have acquired cult followings decades after their original release, Other cult films have since become well-respected or reassessed as classics, there is debate as to whether these popular and accepted films are still cult films. After failing in the cinema, some films have become regular fixtures on cable television or profitable sellers on home video. Others have inspired their own film festivals, Cult films can both appeal to specific subcultures and form their own subcultures. Other media that reference cult films can easily identify which demographics they desire to attract, Cult films frequently break cultural taboos, and many feature excessive displays of violence, gore, sexuality, profanity, or combinations thereof. This can lead to controversy, censorship, and outright bans, films that fail to attract requisite amounts of controversy may face resistance when labeled as cult films. Fans who like the films for the reasons, such as perceived elements that represent mainstream appeal and marketing. Likewise, fans who stray from accepted subcultural scripts may experience similar rejection, since the late 1970s, cult films have become increasingly popular. Films that once would have limited to obscure cult followings are now capable of breaking into the mainstream. Films are frequently stated to be an instant cult classic now, fickle fans on the Internet have latched on to unreleased films only to abandon them later on release. At the same time, other films have acquired massive, quick cult followings, easy access to cult films via video on demand and peer-to-peer file sharing has led some critics to pronounce the death of cult films. A cult film is any film that has a following, although the term is not easily defined. Cult films are defined by audience reaction as much as they are content and this may take the form of elaborate and ritualized audience participation, film festivals, or cosplay. Over time, the definition has become more vague and inclusive as it drifts away from earlier, stricter views, academic Mark Shiel has criticized the term itself as being a weak concept, reliant on subjectivity, different groups can interpret films in their own terms. Academic Mike Chopra‑Gant says that cult films become decontextualized when studied as a group, in 2008, Cineaste asked a range of academics for their definition of a cult film
8.
Heathers
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Heathers is a 1988 American cult dark comedy film written by Daniel Waters and directed by Michael Lehmann. It stars Winona Ryder, Christian Slater and Shannen Doherty, the film portrays four teenage girls—three of whom are named Heather—in a clique at a fictional Ohio high school. The film brought director Michael Lehmann and producer Denise Di Novi the 1990 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature, Daniel Waters also gained recognition for his screenplay, which won a 1990 Edgar Award. Despite its high praise, the film was not a big hit in the box office but went on to become a cult film, with high rentals. In 2006, it was ranked number 5 on Entertainment Weeklys list of the 50 Best High School Movies and in 2008, the film has been adapted into a musical and a 2017 television series is currently in production. 17-year-old Veronica Sawyer is one of the most popular girls at Westerburg High School in Sherwood, though they are the most popular students, the Heathers are feared and hated. Veronica has had enough of their behavior and longs to return to her old life and her nerdy friends. When a new student, an outsider named Jason J. D. Dean pulls a gun on school bullies Kurt Kelly and Ram Sweeney and fires blanks at them. When Veronica attends a party with Heather Chandler, but refuses to have sex and throws up. J. D. shows up at Veronicas house and they end up having sex outside, the next morning, Veronica and J. D. break into Heathers house. J. D. serves Heather a liquid he claims is a cure but is actually drain cleaner. J. D. urges Veronica to forge a suicide note in Heathers handwriting. The school and community look on Heathers apparent suicide as a decision made by a popular. Heather Duke soon steps into Heather Chandlers former role as clique leader, several days later, Kurt and Ram spread a rumor about Veronica giving them oral sex, ruining her reputation. J. D. proposes that Veronica lure them into the woods with the promise to make the rumors true, J. D. shoots Ram but Veronica misses Kurt, who runs away. Veronica realizes that the bullets are real, J. D. chases Kurt back towards Veronica, J. D. plants gay materials beside the boys, and a suicide note stating the two were lovers participating in a suicide pact. At their funeral, the boys are made into martyrs against homophobia, although she keeps dating J. D. Veronica is alarmed by his behavior. Martha Dunnstock, an obese, regularly bullied student known as Martha Dumptruck, pins a note to her chest
9.
Coming of age
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Coming of age is a young persons transition from being a child to being an adult. The certain age at which this takes place changes in society. It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual or spiritual event, in the past, and in some societies today, such a change is associated with the age of sexual maturity, especially menarche and spermarche. In others, it is associated with an age of religious responsibility, particularly in western societies, modern legal conventions which stipulate points in late adolescence or early adulthood are the focus of the transition. In either case, many cultures retain ceremonies to confirm the coming of age, Coming of age is often a topic of fiction, in the form of a coming-of-age story. In written literature, a novel which deals with the psychological and moral growth often associated with coming of age is called a bildungsroman. Similar stories that are told in film are called coming-of-age films, turning 15, the age of maturity, as the Bahai faith terms it, is a time when a child is considered spiritually mature. Declared Bahais that have reached the age of maturity are expected to begin observing certain Bahai laws, such as obligatory prayer, theravada boys, typically just under the age of 20 years, undergo a Shinbyu ceremony, where they are initiated into the Temple as Novice Monks. They will typically stay in the monastery for between 3 days and 3 years, most commonly for one 3-month rainy season retreat, held annually from late July to early October. After living the monastic life for some time, the boy, now considered to have come of age. Confucianism had a ceremony called Guan Li for young men, at around the age of 20, they would receive their style name. In many Western Christian churches, a young person celebrates his/her Coming of Age with the Sacrament of Confirmation and this is usually done by the Bishop laying his hands upon the foreheads of the young person, and marking them with the seal of the Holy Spirit. In some denominations during this sacrament the child adopts a name which is added onto their Christian name. In Christian denominations that practice Believers Baptism, the ritual can be carried out after the age of accountability has arrived. Some traditions withhold the rite of Holy Communion from those not yet at the age of accountability, mid-teens in the United States, early teens in Ireland and Britain, has in some areas been abandoned in favour of restoring the traditional order of the three sacraments of initiation. These individuals are seen, according to some Christians, as existing in a perpetual state of innocence. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sets the age for baptism at 8 years of age and calls this the age of accountability. All persons younger than 8 are considered innocent and incapable of sinning, the LDS Church considers mentally challenged individuals whose mental age is under 8 to be in a perpetual state of innocence, similar to other Christian churches
10.
Mermaids (1990 film)
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Mermaids is a 1990 American comedy-drama film directed by Richard Benjamin and starring Cher, Bob Hoskins, Winona Ryder, and Christina Ricci in her first film role. It is based on the 1986 novel of the title written by Patty Dann. It was shot in and around the town of Ipswich, Massachusetts and Pawtucket, the film is narrated by Charlotte Flax, a quirky and awkward 15-year old girl living in Oklahoma with her single, eccentric mother, Rachel, and her sweet nine-year-old sister, Kate. Rachels daughters have different fathers—Charlotte is a product of a teenage romance, the narration begins in early fall of 1963. Just as Rachels latest fling with her married employer ends, she decides to relocate with Charlotte and Kate once again and this time, they move to a new home near a convent in the small town of Eastport in Massachusetts. Charlotte has an obsession with Catholicism and is always reminded by Rachel that they are Jewish. She idolizes the nuns living in the convent, wanting to become one herself, Kate, on the other hand, loves oceans and swimming. She apparently learned to do so when she was a baby, giving her Olympic potential, after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Charlotte believes she is comforting Joe in mourning, and they end up kissing in the bell tower where he rings the church bell. After the encounter, she begins fasting in order to purge her sinful thoughts, soon fearing that God may be punishing her by making her pregnant through immaculate conception and unable to talk to her mother about it, she steals Rachels car and runs away. Later on, she is picked up by Lou and taken home, the next day, Charlotte makes an appointment at the nearest hospital under the name Joan Arc, where she goes to see an obstetrician and is told she is still a virgin. Relieved, she goes home, dispelled of her assumption that one kiss can get you pregnant, at a New Years Eve costume party, Lou asks Rachel to move in with him but she declines, reminding him that theyre both still married to different spouses. However, shes not willing to break up with him nor let their relationship progress either and they have a big fight which ends with Lou calmly leaving in disappointment. Rachel then asks Joe for a home, before she wishes him a happy New Year. Charlotte sees this and feels that her mother is trying to steal him away, the night after the incident, Charlotte dresses up in Rachels clothes and makeup, and she and Kate get drunk on wine. Hearing the church bells ringing, she then takes Kate to the convent to see Joe, Kate decides to stay behind and collect rocks while Charlotte goes up to the bell tower to find Joe and they have sex. Unbeknownst to them, Kate falls into a river and almost drowns, very angry at the turn of events, Rachel has a big altercation with Charlotte, as she is wanting to move again to avoid embarrassment since the whole town is talking about Charlotte and Joe. Eventually, the two have a conversation and Charlotte convinces Rachel to stay in Eastport for at least another year. Time passes in the town and Rachels relationship with Lou progresses
11.
Johnny Depp
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John Christopher Johnny Depp II is an American actor, producer, and musician. He has won the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor and he rose to prominence on the 1980s television series 21 Jump Street, becoming a teen idol. He has collaborated on nine films with director, producer, Depp is regarded as one of the worlds biggest film stars. Films featuring Depp have grossed over $3.2 billion at the United States box office, Depp has been nominated for major acting awards, including three nominations for Academy Award for Best Actor. He has been listed in the 2012 Guinness World Records as the highest paid actor, Depp was inducted as a Disney Legend in 2015. Depp was born in Owensboro, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of Betty Sue Palmer, a waitress, and John Christopher Depp, Depp is of mostly English ancestry, with some ancestors from elsewhere in Europe. He is descended from a French Huguenot immigrant, Pierre Deppe or Dieppe, Depp is a 20th cousin of Elizabeth II. Depp moved frequently during his childhood and he and his siblings lived in more than 20 different places, eventually settling in Miramar, Florida in 1970. Depps parents divorced in 1978 when he was 15 and his mother married Robert Palmer, whom Depp has called an inspiration to me. With the gift of a guitar from his mother when he was 12, a year after his parents divorce, he dropped out of high school to become a rock musician. He attempted to go back to two weeks later, but the principal told him to follow his dream of being a musician. He played with The Kids, a band that enjoyed modest local success, the Kids set out together for Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method, but the group split up before signing a record deal. Depp subsequently collaborated with the band Rock City Angels and co-wrote their song Mary, on December 20,1983, Depp married Lori Anne Allison, the sister of his bands bass player and singer. During their marriage she worked as a makeup artist while he worked a variety of odd jobs and his wife introduced him to actor Nicolas Cage, who advised him to pursue an acting career. Depp and his wife divorced in 1985, Depps first film role was in the horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street, in which he played the boyfriend of heroine Nancy Thompson and one of Freddy Kruegers victims. After a starring role in the comedy Private Resort, Depp was cast in the role of the skating drama Thrashin by the films director. Instead, Depp appeared in a supporting role as a Vietnamese-speaking private in Oliver Stones Vietnam War drama Platoon. He accepted this role to work with actor Frederic Forrest, who inspired him, despite his success, Depp felt that the series forced into the role of product
12.
Edward Scissorhands
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The young man is taken in by a suburban family and falls in love with their teenage daughter Kim. Additional roles were played by Dianne Wiest, Anthony Michael Hall, Kathy Baker, Vincent Price, Burton conceived Edward Scissorhands from his childhood upbringing in suburban Burbank, California. During pre-production of Beetlejuice, Caroline Thompson was hired to adapt Burtons story into a screenplay, Edward Scissorhands was then fast tracked after Burtons critical and financial success with Batman. The majority of filming took place in Lakeland, Florida between March 10 and June 10,1990, the film also marks the fourth collaboration between Burton and film score composer Danny Elfman. The character of The Inventor was devised specifically for Vincent Price, Edwards scissor hands were created and designed by Stan Winston. Edward Scissorhands was released to positive feedback from critics, and was a financial success, the film received numerous nominations at the Academy Awards, British Academy Film Awards, Saturn Awards, as well as winning the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Both Burton and Elfman consider Edward Scissorhands their most personal and favorite work, an elderly woman tells her granddaughter a bedtime story of where snow comes from, by telling her the story of a young man named Edward who has scissor blades for hands. As the creation of an old Inventor, Edward was a boy who was in the penultimate stage of work. The Inventor homeschooled Edward, but suffered a heart attack. Some years later, Peg Boggs, a local Avon door-to-door saleswoman and she finds Edward alone, and though he is initially startled, Peg offers to take him to her home when she realizes he is virtually harmless. Peg introduces Edward to her family, her husband Bill, their young son Kevin and they are initially fearful of Edward but come to see him as a kind person and allow him to stay. The Boggs neighbors are all curious to their new house guest, there, most of the neighbors are fascinated by Edward and befriend him, except for the eccentric religious fanatic Esmeralda and Kims boyfriend Jim. After the barbecue, Edward repays the neighborhood for their kindness by trimming their hedges into beautiful topiaries and this incidentally leads him to discovering he can craftfully trim and style dogs hair, and later as a hair stylist for many of the neighborhood women. One of the neighbors, Joyce, suggests that she can help Edward open a hair salon and charge money for his unique talent. While scouting for a location, Joyce attempts to him, leaving Edward scared, though Joyce tells the other neighborhood women that he attempted to seduce her. The bank refuses to give Edward a loan for the salon, Jim, jealous of Kims growing attraction to Edward, suggests Edward help pick the lock on his parents home to acquire a van for himself and Kim. Edward agrees, but when he picks the lock, the alarm goes off. The police find through psychological examination that his period of isolation has left him no sense of reality or common sense
13.
Gary Oldman
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Gary Leonard Oldman is an English actor, filmmaker, musician and author who has performed in theatre, film and television. He is known for his big acting style and on-screen diversity, Oldman began acting on stage in 1979, and gained his first starring film role in Meantime. Identified in the late 1980s with the Brit Pack, he was described by critic Roger Ebert as the best young British actor around and he meanwhile gave a critically acclaimed reading of Ludwig van Beethoven in Immortal Beloved. Motion pictures in which he has starred have grossed over $10.6 billion, in 2011, Empire readers voted Oldman the recipient of the Empire Icon Award. He will portray Winston Churchill in Darkest Hour, Oldman was born in New Cross, London, the son of Leonard Bertram Oldman, a former sailor who also worked as a welder, and Kathleen Cheriton. He has stated that Leonard was an alcoholic who left the family when Oldman was seven years old, Oldman attended West Greenwich School in Deptford, leaving school at the age of 16 to work in a sports shop. He was a pianist as a child, and later a singer, in a 1995 interview with Charlie Rose, Oldman said, Something about Malcolm just arrested me, and I connected, and I said, I wanna do that. Growing up in south London, Oldman supported his local football club Millwall, and I knew that my dad was involved somehow with the reserve team. But two weeks ago my mum said, Oh yeah, your dad played for Millwall, when he was young he had a couple of first team games. He later won a scholarship to attend the Rose Bruford College in Sidcup, Southeast London, Oldman describes himself as shy although a diligent worker during his time at Rose Bruford, where he performed roles such as Puck in the performance of Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream. After leaving school, Oldman was the first in his class to receive professional work, Oldman stated on The South Bank Show that it had nothing to do with being better than someone else, rather his diligence and application. When asked by Charlie Rose if he had reminded RADA of this and he made his professional stage debut in 1979 as Puss, alongside Michael Simkins and Peter Howitt, in Dick Whittington and His Cat, at Yorks Theatre Royal. The play then ran in Colchester, then with Glasgows Citizens Theatre, Oldmans work ethic, from 1980 to 1981, he appeared in The Massacre at Paris, Desperado Corner, and Robert David MacDonalds plays Chinchilla and A Waste of Time. He performed in a 6-month West End run of MacDonalds Summit Conference, opposite Glenda Jackson, also that year, Oldman made his film debut in Colin Greggs Remembrance, and would have starred in Don Boyds Gossip if that film had not collapsed. The following year, he landed a role as a skinhead in Mike Leighs film Meantime. Afterwards, he went to Westcliffe to star in Saved, Saved proved to be a major breakthrough for Oldman. Max Stafford-Clark, artistic director of the Royal Court Theatre, had seen Oldmans performance and cast him as Scopey, Oldman was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1985 to 1986. The 1984 production of The Popes Wedding had been seen by director Alex Cox and he twice turned down the role before accepting it, because, in his own words, I wasnt really that interested in Sid Vicious and the punk movement
14.
Francis Ford Coppola
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Francis Ford Coppola, also credited as Francis Coppola, is a semi-retired American film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered to have been a figure of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing The Rain People, he co-wrote the 1970 film Patton and he followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Conversation, which he directed, produced and wrote, was released same year. He next directed 1979s Apocalypse Now, while notorious for its lengthy and strenuous production, the film was widely acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of the Vietnam War, winning the Palme dOr at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. Coppola is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme dOr awards, while a number of Coppolas ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s. His most well-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish, the crime-drama The Cotton Club, and his movies The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and Apocalypse Now are often ranked among the greatest films of all time. Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father Carmine Coppola, a flautist with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Coppola is the second of three children, his older brother was August Coppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Born into a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his grandparents came to the United States from Bernalda. His maternal grandfather, popular Italian composer Francesco Pennino, immigrated from Naples, Coppola received his middle name in honor of Henry Ford, not only because he was born in the Henry Ford Hospital but also because of his musician-fathers association with the automobile manufacturer. Contracting polio as a boy, Coppola was bedridden for periods of his childhood. Reading A Streetcar Named Desire at age 15 was instrumental in developing his interest in theater, eager to be involved in film-craft, he created 8mm features edited from home movies with such titles as The Rich Millionaire and The Lost Wallet. As a child, Coppola was a student, but he was so interested in technology. Trained initially for a career in music, he became proficient on the tuba, overall, Coppola attended 23 other schools before he eventually graduated from the Great Neck North High School. He entered Hofstra College in 1955 with a major in theater arts, there he was awarded a scholarship in playwriting. This furthered his interest in directing theater despite the disapproval of his father, Coppola was profoundly impressed after seeing Sergei Eisensteins October, Ten Days That Shook the World, especially with the movies quality of editing. It was at this time Coppola decided he would go into cinema rather than theater, Coppola also gives credit to the work of Elia Kazan and for its influence on him as a director. Amongst Coppolas classmates at Hofstra were James Caan, Lainie Kazan and he later cast Lainie Kazan in One from the Heart and Caan in The Rain People and The Godfather
15.
Bram Stoker's Dracula
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Bram Stokers Dracula is a 1992 American romantic horror film directed and produced by Francis Ford Coppola, based on the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker. It stars Gary Oldman as Count Dracula, Winona Ryder as Mina Harker, Anthony Hopkins as Professor Abraham Van Helsing, Dracula grossed $215 million on a $40 million budget. Rotten Tomatoes consensus cited some terrific performances, but Reeves turn has been widely criticized and its score was composed by Wojciech Kilar and featured Love Song for a Vampire by Annie Lennox, which became an international hit, as the closing credits theme. In 1462, Vlad Dracula, a member of the Order of the Dragon, returns from a victory against the Turks to find his wife, in a fit of rage, he stabs the chapels stone cross with his sword and drinks the blood which pours out of it. In 1897, newly qualified solicitor Jonathan Harker takes the Transylvanian Count Dracula as a client from his colleague Renfield, Jonathan travels to Transylvania to arrange Draculas real estate acquisition in London, including Carfax Abbey. Jonathan meets Dracula, who discovers a picture of Harkers fiancée, Mina, Dracula leaves Jonathan to be attacked and fed upon by his brides and sails to England with boxes of his native soil, taking up residence at Carfax Abbey. His arrival is foretold by the ravings of Renfield, now an inmate in Dr. Jack Sewards insane asylum, Dracula, appearing young and handsome during daylight, meets and charms Mina. When Mina receives word from Jonathan, who has escaped the castle and recovered at a convent, in his fury, Dracula transforms Lucy into a vampire. Van Helsing, Holmwood, Seward and Morris kill Lucy the following night, after Jonathan and Mina return to London, Jonathan and Van Helsing lead the others to Carfax Abbey, where they destroy the Counts boxes of soil. Dracula enters the asylum, where he kills Renfield for warning Mina of his presence and he visits Mina, who is staying in Sewards quarters while the others hunt Dracula, and confesses that he murdered Lucy and has been terrorizing Minas friends. A confused and angry Mina admits that she loves him. At her insistence, Dracula begins transforming her into a vampire, the hunters burst into the bedroom, and Dracula claims Mina as his bride before escaping. As Mina changes, Van Helsing hypnotizes her and learns via her connection with Dracula that he is sailing home in his last remaining box, the hunters depart for Varna to intercept him, but Dracula reads Minas mind and evades them. The hunters split up, Van Helsing and Mina travel to the Borgo Pass, at night, Van Helsing and Mina are approached by Draculas brides. They frighten Mina at first, but she gives in to their chanting, before Mina can feed on his blood, Van Helsing places a communion wafer on her forehead, leaving a mark. He surrounds them with a ring of fire to them from the brides, then infiltrates the castle. As sunset approaches, Draculas carriage arrives at the castle, pursued by the hunters, a fight between the hunters and gypsies ensues. Morris is stabbed in the back during the fight and at sunset Dracula bursts from his coffin, Harker slits his throat while a wounded Morris stabs him in the heart with a Bowie knife
16.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
17.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
18.
The Age of Innocence (1993 film)
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The Age of Innocence is a 1993 American film adaptation of Edith Whartons 1920 novel of the same name. The story takes place during the Gilded Age, portraying New Yorks high society, the film was released by Columbia Pictures, directed by Martin Scorsese, and stars Daniel Day-Lewis, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Winona Ryder. The film was dedicated to Martin Scorseses father, Luciano Charles Scorsese, in 1870s New York City, Newland Archer is planning to marry the respectable young May Welland. Mays cousin, the Countess Ellen Olenska, has returned to New York after a marriage to a dissolute Polish Count. At first she is ostracized by society and vicious innuendo is spread, when Archer realizes that he is in love with the Countess, he abruptly leaves the next day to be reunited with May and her parents, who are in Florida on vacation. Archer asks May to shorten their engagement, but May becomes suspicious, Archer reassures May that he is in love with her. When back in New York, Archer calls on the Countess and admits that he is in love with her, after their wedding and honeymoon, Archer and May settle down to married life in New York. Over time, Archers memory of the Countess fades, when the Countess returns to New York to care for her grandmother, she and Archer agree to consummate their affair. But then suddenly, the Countess announces her intention to return to Europe, may throws a farewell party for the Countess, and after the guests leave, May announces to Archer that she is pregnant and that she told Ellen her news two weeks earlier. The years pass, Archer is 57 and has been a dutiful, loving father, the Archers have had three children. May had previously died of pneumonia and Archer had mourned her in earnest. Archers engaged son, Ted convinces him to travel to France, there, Ted has arranged to visit the Countess Olenska at her Paris apartment. Archer has not seen the countess in over 25 years, Ted confides to his father Mays deathbed confession that. She knew we were safe with you, and always would be, because once, when she asked you to, you gave up the thing you wanted most. Archer confesses that she never asked him and that evening outside the Countess apartment, Archer sends his son alone to visit her. While sitting outside the apartment, he thinks about their time together and gets up, the Age of Innocence was filmed on location primarily in Troy, New York. The opera scenes were filmed at the Philadelphia Academy of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the scenes set in the home of Mrs. Mingott were filmed in The Castle, a fraternity house belonging to the Alpha Tau chapter of Pi Kappa Phi at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Formerly known as the Paine Mansion, after its completion in 1896, the scenes depicting the country house in snow were filmed inside the circa 1737 Dutch-colonial Luykas Van Alen House, in Kinderhook, New York
19.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
20.
Little Women (1994 film)
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Little Women is a 1994 American family drama film directed by Gillian Armstrong. The screenplay by Robin Swicord is based on the 1868 Louisa May Alcott novel of the same name. It is the feature film adaptation of the Alcott classic, following silent versions released in 1917 and 1918, a 1933 George Cukor-directed release. It was released exclusively on December 21,1994, and was released four days later on December 25,1994. The film focuses on the March sisters, beautiful Meg, tempestuous Jo, tender Beth, and romantic Amy, with their father away fighting in the war, the girls struggle with major and minor problems under the guidance of their strong-willed mother, affectionately called Marmee. As a means of escaping some of their problems, the sisters revel in performing in plays written by Jo in their attic theater. Living next door to the family is wealthy Mr. Laurence, whose grandson Theodore, nicknamed Laurie, moves in with him and becomes a close friend of the March family, particularly Jo. Mr. Laurence becomes a mentor for Beth, whose exquisite piano-playing reminds him of his deceased daughter, Mr. March is wounded in the war and Marmee is called away to nurse him. While Marmee is away, Beth contracts scarlet fever from a neighbors infant, awaiting Marmees return, Meg and Jo send Amy away to live in safety with their Aunt March. Prior to Beths illness, Jo had been Aunt Marchs companion for several years, when Beths condition worsens, Marmee is summoned home and nurses her to recovery just in time for Christmas. Mr. Laurence gives his daughters piano to Beth, Meg accepts John Brookes proposal, four years pass, Meg and John marry, and Beths health is deteriorating steadily. Laurie graduates from college, proposes to Jo and asks her to go to London with him, Jo later deals with the added disappointment that Aunt March has decided to take Amy, who is now sixteen, with her to Europe instead of her. Crushed, Jo departs for New York City to pursue her dream of writing and experiencing life, in Europe, Amy is reunited with Laurie. She is disappointed to find he has become dissolute and irresponsible, in return, he bitterly rebukes her for courting one of his wealthy college friends in order to marry into money. He leaves Amy a letter asking her to wait for him while he works in London for his grandfather, Jo is summoned home to see Beth, who finally dies of the lingering effects of scarlet fever that have plagued her for the past four years. Grieving for her sister, Jo retreats to the comfort of the attic, upon its completion, she sends it to Professor Bhaer. Meanwhile, Meg gives birth to twins Demi and Daisy, a letter from Amy informs the family Aunt March is too ill to travel, so Amy must remain in Europe with her. In London, Laurie receives a letter from Jo in which she informs him of Beths death and mentions Amy is in Vevey, Laurie immediately travels to be at Amys side
21.
Generation X
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Generation X, or Gen X, is the demographic cohort following the baby boomers. Generation X is a relatively smaller demographic cohort sandwiched between two larger demographic cohorts, the baby boomers and the millennials, as adolescents and young adults, they were dubbed the “MTV Generation” and characterized as slackers and as cynical and disaffected. In midlife, research describes Gen X adults as active, happy, the cohort has been credited with entrepreneurial tendencies. The term Generation X has been used at times throughout history to describe alienated youth. In the 1950s, Hungarian photographer Robert Capa used Generation X as the title for a photo-essay about young men and women growing up immediately following World War II. The term acquired its modern definition after the release of Generation X, Tales for an Accelerated Culture, demographer Neil Howe noted the delay in naming this demographic cohort saying, Over 30 years after their birthday, they didnt have a name. Previously, the cohort had been referred to as Post-Boomers, Baby Busters, New Lost Generation, Latch-key kids, MTV Generation, the X refers to an unknown variable or to a desire not to be defined. Strauss and Howe define Generation X as those born between 1961–1981, Generation X, a six-part 2016 documentary series produced by National Geographic also uses a 1961–1981 birth year range. PricewaterhouseCoopers, a professional services network headquartered in London, describes Generation X employees as those born from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. Author Jeff Gordinier, in his 2008 book X Saves the World, on the American television program Survivor, for their 33rd season, subtitled Millennials vs. Gen X, the Gen X tribe consisted of individuals born between 1963 and 1982. Names given to those born on the Generation X/Millennial cusp years include Xennials, The Lucky Ones, Generation Catalano, the birth control pill, which was introduced in the early 1960s, was a contributing factor to the declining birth rates seen in this generation. In the United States, increased immigration partially offset declining birth rates, in a 2012 article for the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, George Masnick wrote that the Census counted 82.1 million Gen Xers in the U. S. The Harvard Center uses 1965 to 1984 to define Gen X so that Boomers, Xers, Masnick concluded that immigration filled in any birth year deficits during low fertility years of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe, who authored books on generations including the 1993 book, 13th Gen, Abort, Retry, Ignore. Specifically on Generation X reported that Gen Xers were children at a time when society was less focused on children, Gen Xers were children during a time of increasing divorce rates, with divorce rates doubling in the mid-1960s, before peaking in 1980. Strauss wrote that society “moved from what Leslie Fiedler called a 1950s-era ‘cult of the child’ to what Landon Jones called a 1970s-era ‘cult of the adult’. ”The Generation Map, a report from Australias McCrindle Research Center writes of Gen X children, their Boomer parents were the most divorced generation in Australian history. In the 1970s, only 9 U. S states allowed for joint custody of children, in South Africa, Gen Xers spent their formative years of the 1980s during the hyper-politicized environment of the final years of apartheid. In the US, Generation X was the first cohort to grow up post-integration and they were described in a marketing report by Specialty Retail as the kids who lived the civil rights movement
22.
Reality Bites
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Reality Bites is a 1994 American romantic comedy-drama film written by Helen Childress and directed by Ben Stiller. It stars Winona Ryder, Ethan Hawke and Stiller, with supporting roles by Janeane Garofalo, the plot follows Lelaina, an aspiring videographer working on a documentary called Reality Bites about the disenfranchised lives of her friends and roommates. Their challenges exemplify some of the career and lifestyle choices faced by Generation X, the films critical reception was mixed, but was successful commercially, grossing $20 million in the United States on an $11 million budget. Critics highlighted the performances of Ryder, Hawke and Garofalo in particular, four friends who recently graduated from college live together in Houston, Texas. Coffee-house guitarist Troy Dyer and budding filmmaker Lelaina Pierce are attracted to other, although they have not acted on their feelings except for one brief. Troy is floundering, having lost several minimum wage jobs—the last of which he early in the film for stealing a candy bar from his employer. Lelaina was valedictorian of her university, and has aspirations to become a documentarian, although initially having to settle for a position as assistant to a rude. Lelaina meets Michael Grates when she throws a cigarette into his convertible, the two soon begin to date. He works at an MTV-like cable channel called In Your Face as an executive, Vickie works as a sales associate for The Gap, and is later promoted to manager and seems content with her new job. Her friend Sammy Gray is gay, he remains celibate, not because of a fear of AIDS, after an impulsive act of retribution, Lelaina loses her job, which causes some tension with her roommates. Eventually, Vickies AIDS test comes back negative and Sammy comes out to his parents, Lelaina and Troy then sleep together and confess their love. The morning after, he avoids her, and after a messy confrontation, after Troys father dies, he forces himself to reevaluate his life, deciding to attempt a relationship with Lelaina. Troy and Lelaina reunite and make amends after Troy returns from his fathers funeral in Chicago, as the shows credits roll, Michaels name is revealed as the producer, implying that he has turned the failed relationship into the subject of a new show on his network. He had read a screenplay entitled Blue Bayou, written by Helen Childress on spec in 1990. He liked it and met with her, and she proceeded to tell him about her life and friends, for three years, she wrote and rewrote Reality Bites, generating 70 different drafts. Childress decided to use her friends, their personalities and experiences as the basis for her film, the films producers saw the pilot episode for The Ben Stiller Show and approached Stiller to direct it, but not act in it. He signed on to direct in 1992 and worked with Childress for nine to ten months developing the script. Initially, Childress, working with producer Stacey Sher, had figured out the characters of Lelaina and Troy, Stiller suggested that he could play that third person
23.
How to Make an American Quilt
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How to Make an American Quilt is a 1995 drama film, and an adaptation of the 1991 novel of the same name by Whitney Otto. Directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse, the film stars Winona Ryder, Anne Bancroft, Ellen Burstyn, Kate Nelligan, the film received a nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. Following a proposal of marriage from her boyfriend Sam, Finn decides to visit her aunt and grandmother to finish her thesis. At her grandmothers house, a quilting group congregates, and shes shocked and surprised to discover that the current quilt that theyre working on is a gift for when she gets married. The theme of the quilt is where love resides, as Finn is unsure whether shes ready for marriage or whether hes The One, the stories of the women in the quilting group open her eyes to the different kinds of love that exist. During her time at her grandmothers house, she meets Leon at the local pool, eventually, wrapped in her quilt and following a crow, she comes across Sam and chooses to stay with him. When she was in her twenties, Sophia was a talented diver with dreams of escaping her small town. One day she meets Preston Richards while diving at the local pool, hes attracted by her fearlessness and she believes he can take her away from her current, oppressive way of life. However, motherhood turns out to be just as, if not more, oppressive, and married life soon grinds her down. With three children and little help from her husband who is frequently away because of his job, she no longer has time to dive and eventually forgets the feeling of freedom, One day she snaps at her husband for digging a pond in the back garden. In an attempt to remind her of the girl he fell in love with, after she rejects his efforts, he realizes that her free spirit is gone. One morning he leaves for work, never to return, abandoned, bitter, and trapped in a life she didnt want, Sophia ironically ends up like her overbearing mother, particularly in her relationship with Finn. Years later, when the wind blows part of Finns thesis into the pond, with her feet in the pool, she remembers what her husband tried to remind her of all those years ago, and one of the last scenes shows her diving off the high dive. Em marries young, like most of the women in the story, despite the promiscuity of her artistic husband Dean, she stays with him for a period of time. Eventually, after discovering yet another affair, she leaves him whilst pregnant and she returns to her parents home, but it still takes three months before Dean comes to find her. He begs forgiveness yet again, and her parents pack her bags, at this point, Em has no choice but to return to her broken life. Years later, she suspects Constance is having an affair with Dean, gladiola Joe and Hyacinth are Finn’s great aunt and grandmother and sisters to one another. At one point, Hy goes to visit her husband in the hospital
24.
Alien Resurrection
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Alien, Resurrection is a 1997 American science fiction action horror film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet and written by Joss Whedon. It is the installment in the Alien film series, and was filmed at the 20th Century Fox studios in Los Angeles. In the film, which is set 200 years after the preceding installment Alien 3, Ellen Ripley is cloned and an Alien queen is surgically removed from her body. The United Systems Military hopes to breed Aliens to study and research on the spaceship USM Auriga, the Aliens escape their enclosures, while Ripley and the mercenaries attempt to escape and destroy the Auriga before it reaches its destination, Earth. Alien, Resurrection was released on November 26,1997 and received mixed reviews from film critics. In 2379, two hundred years after the events of Alien 3, military scientists on the space vessel USM Auriga create a clone of Ellen Ripley using DNA from blood samples taken before her death. The Alien queens DNA was mixed in with Ripleys, and the clone grows up with an embryo inside it, the scientists extract the embryo, raise it and collect its eggs. The Ripley clone is kept alive for further study, as a result of the aliens DNA inside her, she develops enhanced strength and reflexes, has acidic blood and a psychic link with the Aliens. Also, the genetic memory allows the clone to have some of Ripleys memories. A group of mercenaries, Elgyn, Johner, Christie, Vriess, Hillard and Call and they deliver several kidnapped humans in stasis. The military scientists use the humans as hosts for the Aliens, the Betty crew soon encounters Ripley. Call recognizes her name and tries to kill her, suspecting she may be used to create more Aliens, the Aliens have already matured and escape confinement by killing off one of their own and using the acidic blood to burn through their enclosures. They then capture Dr. Jonathan Gediman and kill another scientist and they damage the Auriga and kill some of those people who do not evacuate, including General Perez and Elgyn. Military scientist Dr. Wren reveals that the default command in an emergency is to return to Earth. Along the way, Ripley encounters the grotesque products of failed attempts to clone Ripley, the surviving one begs Ripley to mercy kill her, and she complies. As the group makes their way through the ship, they swim through a flooded kitchen. They are chased by two Aliens, one is killed, while the other snatches Hillard. As they escape the kitchen, the Alien returns and blinds Christie, after Wren betrays the group, Call is revealed to be an android
25.
Girl, Interrupted (film)
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Girl, Interrupted is a 1999 American psychological drama film, and a loosely based adaptation of Susanna Kaysens 1993 memoir of the same name. The film chronicles Kaysens 18-month stay at a mental institution, Girl, Interrupted was released on December 21,1999. The story surrounds 18-year-old Susanna Kaysen who has a nervous breakdown, while she denies she tried to kill herself claiming that the many pills were for a headache, she does suffer from depression and lack of motivation. For her suicidal actions, she is checked into a psychiatric hospital, but above all, Susanna is fascinated by the wards long-time resident, Lisa, who is a rebellious, hateful, manipulative, but charismatic girl considered to be a sociopath. The two form a bond and Lisa encourages Susanna to stop taking her meds and resist therapy, Susannas interactions with her new-found friends varies from sweet to confrontational, showing her to be quite human, but also a little lost on her journey through life at that point. She shows remarkable kindness toward those who are certain about their future, but enjoys her rebellious streak. The girls actions range from pranks, indulging in fantasies, Lisa knows the operation and layout of the facility, the people, and how to manipulate them and circumstances to suit her desires. She is undaunted by the punishments she receives, Lisa has no patience for Daisy, as a rule, but isnt above using her, knowing the girl will have money and shell give it to them. Susanna tries to smooth things over, but Daisy withdraws, the following morning, Susanna hears End Of The World playing continuously from Daisys room and is told from Lisa that Daisy has not come out of her room since the verbal abuse from last night. Susanna has finally reached her nexus and realizes she doesn’t want to become like Lisa and she phones for an ambulance and then returns to Claymoore. Just before her release, however, Lisa is returned to the facility, when she finds out about Susanna’s impending release, Lisa strikes out at her. Susanna tries to explain herself but to almost no avail as Lisa has succeeded in turning the other patients against her through the use of her diary entries about them. Susanna tries to escape Lisa who follows after taunting her, during which Susanna tries to block Lisas path to her by slamming the door shut. At this, Susanna explodes, and angrily tells Lisa she is dead already, Lisa breaks down and she reveals that perhaps she has been living a lie, that she probably isnt a sociopath at all, but she is very troubled. Broken by the harsh truth Susanna presented about her, Lisa then tries to suicide by attempting to shove a hypodermic needle into her arm. However, she is prevented from doing so and talked out of her actions by Susanna and the other patients, and Lisa just lies on the ground crying next to Susanna. The two are reconciled before the hospital staff locate and rescue Susanna, Lisa and the other girls from their location. Before Susanna is released the day, she goes to see Lisa one last time
26.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
27.
Mr. Deeds
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Mr. Deeds is a 2002 American comedy film directed by Steven Brill and starring Adam Sandler and Winona Ryder. The movie is a remake of the 1936 Frank Capra film Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, the movie was produced by Happy Madison and New Line Cinema and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Multibillionaire Preston Blake freezes to death while on a climbing expedition. With no widow or legitimate children, it is unclear who would earn the right to Blakes massive fortune. It is found that Blake has a living grandnephew named Longfellow Deeds, Deeds is contacted and flown to New York City by businessman Chuck Cedar, who is temporarily in control of Blake Media. Deeds unorthodox helicopter trip includes a stop at a Wendys for a Frosty as well as a singing of David Bowies Space Oddity. Deeds does so, and beats up her robber, and Babe goes out with him under the disguise of Pam Dawson, heartbroken and upset, Deeds decides to return home to Mandrake Falls and makes plans to donate his $40 billion inheritance to the United Negro College Fund. After returning to Mandrake Falls, he learns from Crazy Eyes that Cedar intends to sell off the company, which will cause thousands of people to lose their jobs. Babe follows Deeds to Mandrake Falls to win him back, but after saving her life when she falls through the ice over a lake, he rejects her, saying he does not really know who she is. At a shareholders meeting, Cedar has everyone convinced to sell the company, but Cedar claims control of a majority of the shares and the sale is approved. Realizing Emilio is his cousin, Deeds convinces him they must stop Cedar, as a result of Emilio supplanting Longfellow as the heir, Deeds sale of shares are retracted and Cedar is fired. Emilio immediately takes control of Blake Media, Babe then reconciles with and kisses Deeds after professing her love for him. As they leave the meeting, Emilio thanks Deeds for his support and offers him a billion dollars, some of which Deeds spends on red Corvettes for everyone in Mandrake Falls. When he returns to the pizzeria with Babe, he learns that Hallmark is interested in buying one of his greeting cards and they both share a kiss as the movie ends with Crazy Eyes crashing his Corvette and coming out unharmed. He has a habit of sneaking up on people unexpectedly, and he plots to seize control of Blake Media so he can make a huge profit selling it. Jared Harris as Mac McGrath, the head of Inside Access who reports on Deeds antics in New York. B, smoove as Reuben Walter Williamson as Kurt Roark Critchlow as William Billy St. Some scenes were shot in Carmel, New York. The film received negative reviews from critics
28.
Adam Sandler
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Adam Richard Sandler is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and musician. After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member, Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $2 billion at the box office. He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish, Reign Over Me, Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career. Theyre All Gonna Laugh at You. and What the Hell Happened to Me. are both certified double-platinum, in 1999, Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions. Sandler was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1966, to Judith Judy, a school teacher, and Stanley Sandler. His family is Jewish and descends from Russian and Israeli immigrants on both sides and he grew up in Manchester, New Hampshire after moving there at the age of six. He attended Manchester Central High School, as a teen, Sandler was in BBYO, a popular Jewish youth group. Sandler graduated from New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts in 1988, early in his career, Sandler played Theo Huxtables friend, Smitty in The Cosby Show and the Stud Boy or Trivia Delinquent in the MTV game show Remote Control. After his film debut Going Overboard in 1989, Sandler performed in comedy clubs and he was discovered by comedian Dennis Miller, who caught Sandlers act in Los Angeles and recommended him to Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels. Sandler told Conan OBrien on The Tonight Show that NBC fired him, in 1993, Adam Sandler appeared in the film Coneheads with Chris Farley, David Spade, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman, and Jane Curtin. In 1994, he co-starred in Airheads with Brendan Fraser and Steve Buscemi and he followed this film with Bulletproof, and the financially successful comedies Happy Gilmore and The Wedding Singer. He was initially cast in the bachelor-party-themed comedy/thriller Very Bad Things but had to back out due to his involvement in The Waterboy, although his earliest films did not receive critical praise, he started to receive more positive reviews, beginning with Punch-Drunk Love in 2002. Roger Eberts review of Punch-Drunk Love concluded that Sandler had been wasted in earlier films with poorly written scripts, Sandler has moved outside the genre of slapstick comedy to take on more serious parts such as the aforementioned Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish and Reign Over Me. He played a father figure in Big Daddy. He returned to more dramatic fare with Mike Binders Reign Over Me and he starred with Kevin James in the film I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. Sandler headlined You Dont Mess with the Zohan, the film was written by Sandler, Judd Apatow, and Robert Smigel, it was directed by Dennis Dugan. It marked as Sandlers first family film and first film under the Walt Disney banner, in 2009, Sandler starred in Judd Apatows third directorial feature Funny People. The film was released on July 31,2009, Sandler appeared in Grown Ups, alongside Kevin James, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and David Spade
29.
Star Trek (film)
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Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams, written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Kirk and Spock aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero, a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets, the story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock. The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film, the idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968. After the separation between Viacom and CBS Corporation, former Paramount president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a feature film, Orci and Kurtzman, both fans of the Star Trek series, were approached to write the film and Abrams was approached to direct it. Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations as well as the series itself, principal photography commenced on November 7,2007 and ended on March 27,2008. The film was shot in locations around California and Utah. Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen, opting to use sets, heavy secrecy surrounded the films production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters. Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film, as opposed to the films in the franchise. Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 and it was released in the United States and Canada on May 8,2009, to critical acclaim. Critics praised the development as well as the storyline in the film. Star Trek became a box office success, grossing over $385.7 million worldwide against its budget of $150 million. The DVD and Blu-ray for the film were released on October 19,2010, the film is followed by two sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond with a fourth having been announced. In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS Kelvin is investigating a storm in space. A Romulan ship, Narada, emerges from the storm and attacks Kelvin, naradas first officer, Ayel, demands that Kelvins Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an Ambassador Spock, naradas commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking Kelvin. George Kirk, Kelvins first officer, orders the ships personnel, including his pregnant wife Winona, Kirk sacrifices his life to ensure Winonas survival as she gives birth to James T. Kirk. Seventeen years later on the planet Vulcan, a young Spock is accepted to join the Vulcan Science Academy, realizing that the Academy views his human mother Amanda as a disadvantage, he joins Starfleet instead. On Earth, Kirk becomes a reckless but intelligent young adult, three years later, Commander Spock accuses Kirk of cheating during the Kobayashi Maru simulation
30.
Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
31.
When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story
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When Love Is Not Enough, The Lois Wilson Story is a 2010 American film that premiered on CBS on April 25,2010. The film was produced by Terry Gould, directed by John Kent Harrison and written by William G. Borchert, in 1914, Lois Burnham, a college-educated woman from an affluent family, met and fell in love with Bill Wilson, a young man of modest means. They married in 1918, and after his return from World War I, while Lois worked as a nurse, Bill struggled to find his niche. Lois believed that Bill was destined for greatness, and despite his reliance on alcohol, she showered him with love. Eventually, Lois persuaded a friend’s husband to hire Bill at his financial firm, by 1927, Bill was working on Wall Street and the couple was living a luxurious lifestyle. But despite Lois’s valiant efforts to control his drinking, Bill’s alcoholism spiraled out of control, soon his job, their lifestyle and their dreams were all gone. As Bill and Bob attained lasting sobriety and co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous, Bill got and stayed sober without her help, and she felt isolated and resentful. To help herself, and others like her, she co-founded Al-Anon/Alateen in 1951, winona Ryder as Lois Wilson Barry Pepper as Bill Wilson John Bourgeois as Dr. Clark Burnham Frank Moore as Dr. It was based on a novel The Lois Wilson Story, When Love Is Not Enough by William Borchert, the film was set primarily in the United States but filmed in Canada. The film was given mixed reviews by critics and it was released on DVD in Hallmark stores in the United States. In its original American broadcast on April 25,2010, When Love is Not Enough was seen by 7.29 million viewers and it was out performed during the same time slot by both Brothers & Sisters and Celebrity Apprentice
32.
Black Swan (film)
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The plot revolves around a production of Tchaikovskys Swan Lake ballet by a prestigious New York City company. Nina is overwhelmed by a feeling of pressure when she finds herself competing for the part, causing her to lose her tenuous grip on reality. Aronofsky cites Fyodor Dostoyevskys The Double as another inspiration for the film, the director also considered Black Swan a companion piece to his 2008 film The Wrestler, with both films involving demanding performances for different kinds of art. He and Portman first discussed the project in 2000, and after an attachment to Universal Studios. Portman and Kunis trained in ballet for several months prior to filming, the film premiered as the opening film for the 67th Venice International Film Festival on September 1,2010. It had a release in the United States starting December 3,2010. Black Swan received critical praise upon its release, particularly for Portmans performance and Aronofskys direction, the film received five Academy Award nominations and Portman won Best Actress for the film, as well as many other Best Actress awards in several guilds and festivals. In addition, Aronofsky was nominated for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture. It is the horror film to be nominated in the Best Picture category, following The Exorcist in 1973, Jaws in 1975, The Silence of the Lambs in 1991. Nina Sayers is a dancer in a New York ballet company. Nina lives in New York City with her mother, Erica. The company is preparing to open the season with Swan Lake, the director, Thomas Leroy, is looking for a new principal dancer after forcing Beth Macintyre into retirement. Thomas wants the ballerina to portray the innocent, fragile White Swan as well as her mysterious, sensual twin. Nina auditions for the part, performing flawlessly as the White Swan, upset, Nina approaches Thomas and asks him to reconsider her as the lead role. Thomas forcibly kisses Nina, and she displays a change of character and bites him, Nina begins to witness strange happenings, and her mother finds scratches on Ninas back. An intoxicated Beth angrily confronts Thomas and Nina, Nina is worried that Beths fate will eventually befall her, too, but she stays quiet. Thomas tells Nina she needs to give herself to the sensuality of the Black Swan and he tells her to go home and masturbate, which she does. The next day, Nina finds out that Beth was seriously injured in a car accident, Nina realizes Beth will never dance again, and tearfully unpacks her belongings in Beths former dressing room
33.
Frankenweenie (2012 film)
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Frankenweenie is a 2012 American 3D stop-motion-animated fantasy horror comedy film directed by Tim Burton and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a remake of Burtons 1984 short film of the name and is a parody of. The voice cast includes four actors who worked with Burton on previous films, Winona Ryder, Catherine OHara, Martin Short, Frankenweenie is in black and white. It is also the fourth film produced by Burton and the first of those four that is not a musical. The tongue-in-cheek film contains references and parodies related to the book, past film versions of the book. The film won the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film and was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and an Annie Award for Best Film in each respective animated category. Young filmmaker and scientist Victor Frankenstein lives with his parents, Edward and Susan Frankenstein, concerned with his sons isolation, Victors father encourages him to take up baseball and make achievements outside of science. Victor hits a home run at his first game, but Sparky, pursuing the ball, is struck by a car, inspired by his science teacher Mr. Seeing Weird Girls living cat, Mr. Whiskers, the undead Sparky escapes from the attic and explores the neighborhood. He is recognized by Edgar, who blackmails Victor into teaching him how to raise the dead, the two reanimate a dead goldfish, which turns invisible due to an error with the experiment. Rzykruski to be blamed and fired due to his accused influencing and reviling the townsfolk for questioning his methods when he steps up for self-defense, so, the gym teacher replaces Mr. Rzykruski. Victors parents discover Sparky in the attic and are frightened, causing the dog to flee, Victor and his parents search for Sparky while the classmates invade the lab, discovering Victors reanimation formula. Bobs Sea-Monkeys grow into amphibious humanoids, the monsters break loose into the town fair where they wreak havoc. During the chaos, Persephone, Elsas pet poodle, is grabbed by Mr. Whiskers and carried to the windmill with Elsa. The townsfolk blame Sparky for Elsas disappearance and chase him to the windmill, Victor and Sparky enter the burning windmill and rescue Elsa and Persephone, but Victor is trapped inside. Sparky rescues Victor, only to be dragged back inside by Mr. Whiskers, a final confrontation ensues, and just as Mr. Whiskers has Sparky cornered, a flaming piece of wood breaks off and impales the bat-cat, killing him instantly. The windmill then collapses on Sparky, killing him again, to reward him for his bravery and saving Victor, the townsfolk gather to revive Sparky with their car batteries, reanimating him once more. Persephone, who has a similar to Elsa Lanchesters Bride of Frankenstein. Charlie Tahan as Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who brings his dog Sparky back to life and his teachings inspire Victors effort to resurrect Sparky, and he acts as a mentor to Victor
34.
Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
35.
Timothy Leary
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Timothy Francis Leary was an American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions. Leary conducted experiments under the Harvard Psilocybin Project during American legality of LSD and psilocybin, resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment, Learys colleague, Richard Alpert, was fired from Harvard University on May 27,1963 for giving psilocybin to an undergraduate student. Leary was planning to leave Harvard when his contract expired in June. He was fired, for failure to keep classroom appointments, with his pay docked on April 30, Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry. He used LSD himself and developed a philosophy of mind expansion and he popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as turn on, tune in, drop out, set and setting, and think for yourself and question authority. He gave lectures, occasionally billing himself as a performing philosopher, during the 1960s and 1970s, he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 36 different prisons worldwide. President Richard Nixon once described Leary as the most dangerous man in America, Leary was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, the only child in an Irish Catholic household. His father, Timothy Tote Leary, was a dentist who left his wife Abigail Ferris when Leary was 14 and he graduated from Classical High School in the western Massachusetts city. He attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts from September 1938 to June 1940, under pressure from his father, he then accepted an appointment as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. In the first months as a plebe, he was given numerous demerits for rule infractions and he was alleged to have gone on a drinking binge and to have failed to come clean about it. He was asked by the Honor Committee to resign for violating the Academys honor code and he refused and was silenced—that is, shunned and ignored by his fellow cadets as a tactic to pressure him to resign. He was acquitted by a court-martial, but the silencing measures continued in full force, the treatment continued in his sophomore year, and his mother appealed to a family friend, United States Senator David I. Walsh, head of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee, who conducted a personal investigation, behind the scenes, the Honor Committee revised its position and announced that it would abide by the court-martial verdict. Leary then resigned and was discharged by the Army. Almost 50 years later, he said that it was the fair trial Ive had in a court of law. To the chagrin of his family, Leary elected to transfer to the University of Alabama in late 1941 because of the institutions response to his application. Leary was drafted into the United States Army and reported for training at Fort Eustis in January 1943. After a fateful reunion with Ramsdell in Buffalo, New York, he was promoted to corporal
36.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
37.
The Holocaust
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The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany, and the World War II collaborators with the Nazis. The victims included 1.5 million children, and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe, killings took place throughout German-occupied Europe, as well as within Nazi Germany, and across all territories controlled by its allies. Other victims of Nazi crimes included ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens and Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovahs Witnesses, some 42,500 detention facilities were utilized in the concentration of victims for the purpose of gross violations of human rights. Over 200,000 people are estimated to have been Holocaust perpetrators, the persecution was carried out in stages, culminating in the policy of extermination of European Jews termed the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. Following Hitlers rise to power, the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, starting in 1933 the Nazis began to establish a network of concentration camps. After the outbreak of war in 1939 both German and foreign Jews were herded into wartime ghettos, in 1941, as Germany began to conquer new territory in the East, all anti-Jewish measures radicalized. Specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen murdered around two million Jews in mass shootings actions in less than a year, by mid-1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. This continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945, the most notable exception was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly-armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20, 000–30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought against the Nazis, French Jews took part in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. Over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings took place, the term holocaust comes from the Greek adjective holókaustos, a variant of holókautos, referring to an animal sacrifice offered to a god in which the whole animal is completely burnt. Often used substantively in apposition with the noun thysia, the term appears in a fragment of pseudo-Callisthenes, writing in Latin, Jerome Latinized the Greek word as a neuter noun holocaustum, using it to translate references to the Jewish burnt offering in his translations of Exodus and Leviticus. In his Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi, Richard of Devizes, the English poet John Milton had used the word to denote a conflagration in his 1671 poem Samson Agonistes and the word gradually developed to mean a massacre thereon. The term was used in the 1950s by historians as a translation of the Jewish word shoah to refer specifically to the Nazi genocide of Jews, the television mini-series Holocaust is credited with introducing the term into common parlance after 1978. The biblical word shoah, meaning calamity became the standard Hebrew term for the Holocaust as early as the 1940s, especially in Europe and Israel. Shoah is preferred by some Jews for several reasons including the offensive nature of the word holocaust which they take to refer to the Greek pagan custom. The Nazis used the phrase Final Solution to the Jewish Question, all branches of Germanys bureaucracy were engaged in the logistics that led to the genocides, turning the Third Reich into what one Holocaust scholar, Michael Berenbaum, has called a genocidal state. Every arm of the countrys sophisticated bureaucracy was involved in the killing process, as prisoners entered the death camps, they were made to surrender all personal property, which was catalogued and tagged before being sent to Germany to be reused or recycled. Berenbaum writes that the Final Solution of the Jewish question was in the eyes of the perpetrators, through a concealed account, the German National Bank helped launder valuables stolen from the victims
38.
Aldous Huxley
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Aldous Leonard Huxley was an English writer, novelist, philosopher, and prominent member of the Huxley family. He graduated from Balliol College at the University of Oxford with an honours in English literature. Early in his career Huxley edited the magazine Oxford Poetry and published short stories, mid career and later, he published travel writing, film stories, and scripts. He spent the part of his life in the U. S. living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death. In 1962, a year before his death, he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature, Huxley was a humanist, pacifist, and satirist. He later became interested in subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism. By the end of his life, Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in seven different years. Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, England, in 1894 and he was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley, who edited Cornhill Magazine, and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Priors Field School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Matthew Arnold and the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward, Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, the zoologist, agnostic, and controversialist. His brother Julian Huxley and half-brother Andrew Huxley also became outstanding biologists, Aldous had another brother, Noel Trevelyan Huxley, who committed suicide after a period of clinical depression. As a child, Huxleys nickname was Ogie, short for Ogre and he was described by his brother, Julian, as someone who frequently the strangeness of things. According to his cousin and contemporary, Gervas Huxley, he had an early interest in drawing, Huxleys education began in his fathers well-equipped botanical laboratory, after which he enrolled at Hillside School near Godalming. He was taught there by his own mother for years until she became terminally ill. After Hillside, he went on to Eton College and his mother died in 1908 when he was 14. In 1911 he contracted the eye disease which left practically blind for two to three years and this ended his early dreams of becoming a doctor. In October 1913, Huxley went up to Balliol College, Oxford, in January 1916, he volunteered to join the British Army in the Great War, but was rejected on health grounds, being half-blind in one eye. In 1916 he edited Oxford Poetry and in June of that year graduated BA with First Class honours and his brother Julian wrote, I believe his blindness was a blessing in disguise. For one thing, it put paid to his idea of taking up medicine as a career and his uniqueness lay in his universalism
39.
Mitch Ryder
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William S. Levise, Jr. known better by his stage name Mitch Ryder, is an American musician who has recorded more than two dozen albums over more than four decades. Ryder is noted for his gruff, wailing singing style and his stage performances. He was influenced by his father, a musician, as a teenager, Ryder sang backup with a black soul-music group known as the Peps, but racial animosities interfered with his continued presence in the group. Ryder formed his first band, Tempest, when he was in school. Ryder next appeared fronting a band named Billy Lee & The Rivieras, a number 6 hit in 1967, and Jenny Take a Ride. which reached number 10 in 1965. The Detroit Wheels were John Badanjek on drums, Mark Manko on lead guitar, Joe Kubert on rhythm guitar, Jim McCarty on lead guitar, Ryders musical endeavors would see less success after the early 1970s. Ryders participation with the Detroit Wheels ended just as the counterculture was becoming dominant in 1968, during 1968, trumpeters Mike Thuroff and John Stefan were hired to tour with his horn section and band. Thuroff and Stefan also recorded the parts of Ryders song, Ring My Bell. This song was not permitted to be played by radio in many due to its sexual innuendos. Ryder had one hit single from that period, a version of What Now. His last successful ensemble band was Detroit, the only original Wheel in the group was the drummer John Badanjek, other members were guitarists Steve Hunter, Robert Gillespie, and Brett Tuggle, organist Harry Phillips, and bassist W. R. Cooke. A single album was released by this grouping, a 1971 self-titled LP issued on Paramount Records and they had a hit with their version of the Lou Reed-penned song Rock & Roll, which Reed liked enough to ask Steve Hunter to join his backing band. According to allmusic. com, Ryder withdrew from music after experiencing throat trouble, moving to Colorado with his wife, in 1983, Ryder returned to a major label with the John Mellencamp-produced album Never Kick a Sleeping Dog. The album featured a version of the Prince song When You Were Mine. Ryder continues to record and tour in the United States and Europe, on February 14,2012 Ryder released The Promise, his first US release in almost 30 years. Ryder spent his school years in Warren, Michigan. After many years living in Warren, and later Livonia, Ryder currently resides in South Lyon, Michigan and he has also been cited as a primary musical influence by Ted Nugent. Bruce Springsteen still plays his music on stage, the song titled Detroit Medley refers directly to the Detroit Wheels
40.
Atheist
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Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is the rejection of belief that any deities exist, in an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. Atheism is contrasted with theism, which, in its most general form, is the belief that at least one deity exists, the etymological root for the word atheism originated before the 5th century BCE from the ancient Greek ἄθεος, meaning without god. The term denoted a social category created by orthodox religionists into which those who did not share their religious beliefs were placed, the actual term atheism emerged first in the 16th century. With the spread of freethought, skeptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion, application of the term narrowed in scope, the first individuals to identify themselves using the word atheist lived in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment. The French Revolution, noted for its unprecedented atheism, witnessed the first major movement in history to advocate for the supremacy of human reason. Arguments for atheism range from the philosophical to social and historical approaches, although some atheists have adopted secular philosophies, there is no one ideology or set of behaviors to which all atheists adhere. Since conceptions of atheism vary, accurate estimations of current numbers of atheists are difficult, an older survey by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 2004 recorded atheists as comprising 8% of the worlds population. Other older estimates have indicated that atheists comprise 2% of the worlds population, according to these polls, Europe and East Asia are the regions with the highest rates of atheism. In 2015, 61% of people in China reported that they were atheists, the figures for a 2010 Eurobarometer survey in the European Union reported that 20% of the EU population claimed not to believe in any sort of spirit, God or life force. Atheism has been regarded as compatible with agnosticism, and has also been contrasted with it, a variety of categories have been used to distinguish the different forms of atheism. Some of the ambiguity and controversy involved in defining atheism arises from difficulty in reaching a consensus for the definitions of words like deity, the plurality of wildly different conceptions of God and deities leads to differing ideas regarding atheisms applicability. The ancient Romans accused Christians of being atheists for not worshiping the pagan deities, gradually, this view fell into disfavor as theism came to be understood as encompassing belief in any divinity. Definitions of atheism also vary in the degree of consideration a person must put to the idea of gods to be considered an atheist, Atheism has sometimes been defined to include the simple absence of belief that any deities exist. This broad definition would include newborns and other people who have not been exposed to theistic ideas, as far back as 1772, Baron dHolbach said that All children are born Atheists, they have no idea of God. Similarly, George H. Smith suggested that, The man who is unacquainted with theism is an atheist because he does not believe in a god. This category would include the child with the conceptual capacity to grasp the issues involved. The fact that this child does not believe in god qualifies him as an atheist, ernest Nagel contradicts Smiths definition of atheism as merely absence of theism, acknowledging only explicit atheism as true atheism
41.
Buddhism
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Buddhism is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. Buddhism originated in India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, from where it spread through much of Asia, two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars, Theravada and Mahayana. Buddhism is the worlds fourth-largest religion, with over 500 million followers or 7% of the global population, Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. In Theravada the ultimate goal is the attainment of the state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path, thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering. Theravada has a following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana, which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, rather than Nirvana, Mahayana instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in the cycle of rebirth to help other beings reach awakening. Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body. Buddhism is an Indian religion attributed to the teachings of Buddha, the details of Buddhas life are mentioned in many early Buddhist texts but are inconsistent, his social background and life details are difficult to prove, the precise dates uncertain. Some hagiographic legends state that his father was a king named Suddhodana, his mother queen Maya, and he was born in Lumbini gardens. Some of the stories about Buddha, his life, his teachings, Buddha was moved by the innate suffering of humanity. He meditated on this alone for a period of time, in various ways including asceticism, on the nature of suffering. He famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya in Gangetic plains region of South Asia. He reached enlightenment, discovering what Buddhists call the Middle Way, as an enlightened being, he attracted followers and founded a Sangha. Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his teaching the Dharma he had discovered. Dukkha is a concept of Buddhism and part of its Four Noble Truths doctrine. It can be translated as incapable of satisfying, the unsatisfactory nature, the Four Truths express the basic orientation of Buddhism, we crave and cling to impermanent states and things, which is dukkha, incapable of satisfying and painful. This keeps us caught in saṃsāra, the cycle of repeated rebirth, dukkha
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