1.
Wisconsin State Capitol
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The Wisconsin State Capitol, in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both chambers of the Wisconsin legislature along with the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. The Wisconsin State Capitol is the tallest building in Madison, a distinction that has been preserved by legislation that prohibits buildings taller than the surrounding the dome. The Capitol is located at the end of the Madison Isthmus. The streets surrounding the building form the Capitol Square, which is home to many restaurants, the first capitol was a prefabricated wood-frame council house without heat or water that had been sent hastily to Belmont. Legislators met there for 42 days after Belmont was designated the capital of Wisconsin Territory, the session chose Madison as the site of the capitol, and Burlington, Iowa as the site of further legislative sessions until Madison could be ready. The council house and a lodging house still stand and are operated by the Wisconsin Historical Society as the First Capitol Historic Site. The second capitol was constructed during 1837 in Madison of stone cut from Maple Bluff, located on the site of the present capitol, it was a small but typical frontier capitol that cost $60,000 to build. Growing government needs forced the state to construct a new capitol and this structure, with a similar U. S. Capitol-inspired dome, was built between 1857 and 1869. During 1882, it was expanded at a cost of $900,000, during 1903, however, a commission began researching replacement of the structure. On the night of February 26,1904, a gas jet ignited a newly varnished ceiling in the capitol building. Madison firefighters could not handle the blaze on their own, so additional men, the effectiveness of the reinforcements was initially hampered by very cold temperatures, by the time they reached Madison, their equipment had frozen and needed to be thawed. As a result, the structure, except the north wing. Numerous records, books, and historical artifacts were lost, including the mount of Old Abe, however, through the efforts of university students, much of the state law library was saved. The fire occurred just five weeks after the legislature had voted to cancel the capitols fire insurance policy. Construction of the present capitol, the third in Madison, began in late 1906 and was completed in 1917 at a cost of $7.25 million, Post & Sons from New York. The Capitol is 284 feet,5 inches tall from the floor to the top of the Wisconsin statue headdress on the dome. The Wisconsin statue on the dome was sculpted during 1920 by Daniel Chester French of New York and its left hand holds a globe surmounted by an eagle and her right arm is outstretched to symbolize the state motto, Forward. It wears a helmet with the animal, the badger
2.
Wisconsin
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Wisconsin is a U. S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, the state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline, Wisconsin is known as Americas Dairyland because it is one of the nations leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese. Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology, and tourism are major contributors to the states economy. The word Wisconsin originates from the given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River, arriving in 1673, subsequent French writers changed the spelling from Meskousing to Ouisconsin, and over time this became the name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling from Ouisconsin to Wisconsin when they began to arrive in numbers during the early 19th century. The legislature of Wisconsin Territory made the current spelling official in 1845, the Algonquin word for Wisconsin and its original meaning have both grown obscure. Interpretations vary, but most implicate the river and the red sandstone that lines its banks, other theories include claims that the name originated from one of a variety of Ojibwa words meaning red stone place, where the waters gather, or great rock. Wisconsin has been home to a variety of cultures over the past 12,000 years. The first people arrived around 10,000 BCE during the Wisconsin Glaciation and these early inhabitants, called Paleo-Indians, hunted now-extinct ice age animals such as the Boaz mastodon, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton unearthed along with spear points in southwest Wisconsin. After the ice age ended around 8000 BCE, people in the subsequent Archaic period lived by hunting, fishing, agricultural societies emerged gradually over the Woodland period between 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. Toward the end of period, Wisconsin was the heartland of the Effigy Mound culture. Later, between 1000 and 1500 CE, the Mississippian and Oneota cultures built substantial settlements including the village at Aztalan in southeast Wisconsin. The Oneota may be the ancestors of the modern Ioway and Ho-Chunk tribes who shared the Wisconsin region with the Menominee at the time of European contact, the first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634, pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers visited Green Bay again in 1654–1666 and Chequamegon Bay in 1659–1660, where they traded for fur with local Native Americans. In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet became the first to record a journey on the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway all the way to the Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien
3.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
4.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
5.
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
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Sturgeon Bay is a city in and the county seat of Door County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 9,144 at the 2010 census and it is located at the natural end of Sturgeon Bay, although the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal was built across the remainder of the Door Peninsula. Sturgeon Bay is located at 44°49′56″N 87°22′19″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.66 square miles, of which,9.82 square miles is land and 1.84 square miles is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,144 people,4,288 households and 2,385 families, the population density was 931.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,903 housing units at a density of 499.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 1% White,1. 0% African American,0. 9% Native American,0. 6% Asian,1. 0% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 7% of the population. 38. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.74. The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 19. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 5% were from 25 to 44, 31% were from 45 to 64, and 19. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 1% male and 51. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 9,437 people,4,048 households, and 2,432 families residing in the city. The population density was 981.4 people per square mile, there were 4,447 housing units at an average density of 462.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 22% White,0. 33% Black or African American,0. 78% Native American,0. 37% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 46% from other races, and 0. 82% from two or more races. 1. 28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,35. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the family size was 2.92. In the city, the population was out with 23. 5% under the age of 18,7. 6% from 18 to 24,26. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males, the median income for a household in the city was $31,935, and the median income for a family was $45,084. Males had an income of $31,879 versus $21,414 for females
6.
Appleton, Wisconsin
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Appleton is a city in Outagamie, Calumet, and Winnebago counties in the U. S. state of Wisconsin. One of the Fox Cities, it is situated on the Fox River,30 miles southwest of Green Bay and 100 miles north of Milwaukee, Appleton is the county seat of Outagamie County. The population was 72,623 at the 2010 census, of this,60,045 were in Outagamie County,11,088 in Calumet County, and 1,490 in Winnebago County. Appleton is the city of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city possesses the two tallest buildings in Outagamie County, the Zuelke Building and 222 Building, at 168 and 183 feet, elizabeth Hospital and ThedaCare Regional Medical Center-Appleton. It also hosts a number of regional events such as its Flag Day parade, Christmas parade. Fur traders seeking to do business with Fox River Valley Native Americans were the first European settlers in Appleton, hippolyte Grignon built the White Heron in 1835 to house his family and serve as an inn and trading post. Appleton was settled in 1847 and incorporated as a village in 1853, john F. Johnston was the first resident and village president. Home to Lawrence University, Appleton grew along with the school, with the financial backing of Amos A. Lawrence, the Lawrence Institute was chartered in 1847. Samuel Appleton, Lawrences father-in-law from New England who never visited Wisconsin, donated $10,000 to the newly founded college library, the community was incorporated as a city on March 2,1857, with Amos Storey as its first mayor. Early in the 20th century, it adopted the form of government. In 1890,11,869 people lived in Appleton, in 1900, there were 15,085, in 1910,16,773, in 1920,19,571, and in 1940,28,436. The paper industry, beginning with the building of the first paper mill in the city in 1853, has been at the forefront of the development of Appleton. In order to provide electricity to the industry, the nations first hydro-electric central station. The power plant also powered the Hearthstone House, the first residence in the powered by a centrally located hydroelectric station using the Edison system. Shortly thereafter, in August 1886, Appleton was the site for another national first, electric lights replaced gas lamps on College Avenue in 1912. Appleton also had the first telephone in Wisconsin, and the first incandescent light in any city outside of the East Coast, appletons tallest building, the 222 Building was built in 1952. The Valley Fair Shopping Center, built in 1954, laid claim to being the first enclosed shopping mall in the United States, in 2007 most of the structure was demolished, leaving only its east wing and a movie theater
7.
Kaukauna, Wisconsin
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Kaukauna /kəˈkɔːnə/ is a city in Outagamie and Calumet counties, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the Fox River, approximately 100 miles north of Milwaukee, the population was 15,462 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area, Kaukauna is a Native American word and in various dialects means portage, long portage, place where pickerel are caught, and place of pike. Prior to 1880, and shortly afterwards, Kaukauna was known as The Lion on the Fox and this nickname was changed to The Electric City upon the completion of the hydroelectric plant. When the city was incorporated in 1885, it was separated from the adjacent rural parts of the town, the first recorded land deed in Wisconsin was assigned to Dominique Ducharme in 1793. He obtained 1,281 acres from the Menominee Indians for two barrels of rum and other gifts and these acres are the original site of the town of Kaukauna. The property was purchased by Charles A. Grignon, who built a mansion on the river on Kaukaunas north side, the home, which bears Grignons name, is operated as a museum by the Outagamie County Historical Society. Kaukauna is located in southeastern Outagamie County, with a portion extending south into Calumet County along State Highway 55. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.06 square miles. The city is divided into the North Side and South Side by the Fox River, as of the census of 2010, there were 15,462 people,6,270 households, and 4,090 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,018.5 inhabitants per square mile, there were 6,596 housing units at an average density of 861.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 5% White,0. 7% African American,0. 8% Native American,1. 3% Asian,1. 0% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 6% of the population. 27. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age in the city was 34.6 years. 25. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,29. 5% were from 25 to 44,24. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 12. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 5% male and 50. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 12,983 people,4,971 households, and 3,365 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,092.5 people per square mile, there were 5,142 housing units at an average density of 320.2 persons/km². The racial makeup of the city was 95. 48% White,0. 27% African American,0. 75% Native American,2. 22% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,0. 30% from other races, and 0. 91% from two or more races
8.
Bonduel, Wisconsin
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Bonduel is a village in Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,478 at the 2010 census, as founded, the community did not have an officially agreed upon name. Some early news reports called it Hartland Corners, presumably in reference to the surrounding town, therefore, the village was named Bonduel when the post office was created. Bonduel incorporated as a village in 1916, prior to this time, administrative affairs for the community were mangaged by the surrounding town of Hartland. Bonduel is located at 44°44′25″N 88°26′43″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.33 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,478 people,601 households, the population density was 634.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 645 housing units at a density of 276.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 95. 4% White,0. 8% African American,1. 6% Native American,0. 4% Asian,0. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 7% of the population. 28. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the village was 37.2 years. 26. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 3% were from 25 to 44,22. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 16. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49. 7% male and 50. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,416 people,581 households, and 392 families residing in the village. The population density was 645.0 people per square mile, there were 598 housing units at an average density of 272.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 68% White,0. 14% African American,1. 20% Native American,1. 13% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 91% of the population. 27. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.94. In the village, the population was out with 26. 2% under the age of 18,8. 0% from 18 to 24,30. 2% from 25 to 44,18. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males, the median income for a household in the village was $39,625, and the median income for a family was $48,264
9.
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
10.
Legislature
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A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. Legislatures form important parts of most governments, in the separation of model, they are often contrasted with the executive. Laws enacted by legislatures are known as legislation, legislatures observe and steer governing actions and usually have exclusive authority to amend the budget or budgets involved in the process. The members of a legislature are called legislators, each chamber of legislature consists of a number of legislators who use some form of parliamentary procedure to debate political issues and vote on proposed legislation. There must be a number of legislators present to carry out these activities. Some of the responsibilities of a legislature, such as giving first consideration to newly proposed legislation, are delegated to committees made up of small selections of the legislators. The members of a legislature usually represent different political parties, the members from each party generally meet as a caucus to organize their internal affairs, the internal organization of a legislature is also shaped by the informal norms that are shared by its members. Legislatures vary widely in the amount of power they wield, compared to other political players such as judiciaries, militaries. In 2009, political scientists M. Steven Fish and Matthew Kroenig constructed a Parliamentary Powers Index in an attempt to quantify the different degrees of power among national legislatures, such a system renders the legislature more powerful. Legislatures will sometime delegate their legislative power to administrative or executive agencies, legislatures are made up of individual members, known as legislators, who vote on proposed laws. For example, a legislature that has 100 seats has 100 members, by extension, an electoral district that elects a single legislator can also be described as a seat, as, for, example, in the phrases safe seat and marginal seat. In parliamentary systems of government, the executive is responsible to the legislature which may remove it with a vote of no confidence, names for national legislatures include parliament, congress, diet and assembly. A legislature which operates as a unit is unicameral, one divided into two chambers is bicameral, and one divided into three chambers is tricameral. In bicameral legislatures, one chamber is considered the upper house. In federations, the upper house typically represents the component states. This is a case with the legislature of the European Union. Tricameral legislatures are rare, the Massachusetts Governors Council still exists, tetracameral legislatures no longer exist, but they were previously used in Scandinavia. Legislatures vary widely in their size, among national legislatures, Chinas National Peoples Congress is the largest with 2987 members, while Vatican Citys Pontifical Commission is the smallest with 7
