1.
Air Force One (film)
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Air Force One is a 1997 American political action-thriller film written by Andrew W. Marlowe and directed and co-produced by Wolfgang Petersen. It is about a group of Russian terrorists that hijack Air Force One, the film stars Harrison Ford and Gary Oldman, as well as Glenn Close, Xander Berkeley, William H. Macy, Dean Stockwell and Paul Guilfoyle. A box office success with positive critical reviews, the film was one of the most popular action films of the 1990s. Marshall and his entourage, including his wife Grace and daughter Alice, in addition, a number of members of the press corps have been invited aboard, including Russian terrorists and Radek loyalists disguised as journalists led by Ivan Korshunov. Marshall is raced to a pod in the cargo hold while pursued by Korshunovs men. Meanwhile, Korshunov storms the cockpit and prevents the plane making an emergency landing at Ramstein Air Force Base in Germany. Several USAF F-15s escort Air Force One as Korshunov has it piloted towards Radek-loyal airspace, Marshall manages to kill some of Korshunovs men and then uses a satellite phone to make contact with his Vice President Kathryn Bennett, letting his staff know he is alive. Korshunov, believing only a Secret Service agent is in the cargo hold, contacts Bennett and demands Radeks release. Marshall and military advisors devise a plan to trick Korshunov to take Air Force One to an altitude for a mid-air refueling, giving time for the hostages to parachute safely off the plane. Marshall, Chief of Staff Lloyd Shepherd, Major Caldwell, with the President and his family under his control, Korshunov forces Marshall to contact Russian President Petrov and arrange for Radeks release. Marshall and Caldwell direct the plane back to friendly airspace, accompanied by the F-15s, a standby USAF special operations MC-130 is called to help, sending pararescuemen on tether lines to help rescue the survivors. Marshall insists that his family and Shepherd be transferred first, when there is time for only one more transfer, Gibbs reveals himself as the mole, killing Caldwell and the pararescueman. Marshall and Gibbs fight for control of the line, and Marshall manages to grab. Air Force One crashes into the Caspian Sea, killing Gibbs, the MC-130 airmen reel Marshall in, who is safely reunited with his family. The MC-130 is renamed Air Force One as it safely away with the First Family aboard. A large part of the crew took a tour of the real Air Force One before filming and they based some of the films scenes, where the terrorists disguised as journalists survey the planes layout and begin to take their seats, on the touring experience. The character of Deputy Press Secretary Melanie Mitchell was based largely on their real life tour guide, for the exterior scenes, the producers rented a Boeing 747-146 aircraft, N703CK from Kalitta Air and repainted it to replicate the iconic Air Force One livery. A 747–212B, rented from Kalitta Air, was the subject of the 1997 film Air Force One
2.
Emden
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Emden is a town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the town of the region of East Frisia and. The exact founding date of Emden is unknown, but it has existed at least since the 8th century, older names for Emden are Amuthon, Embda, Emda, and Embden. Town privilege and the coat of arms, the Engelke up de Muer was granted by Emperor Maximilian I in 1495. In 1542 she invited the Polish noble John Laski to become pastor of a Protestant church at Emden, however, in 1549 following pressure from the Emperor Charles V, the Countess was forced to ask Laski to leave for England and the experiment came to an end. Nevertheless, the legacy was important for the reformation in the Netherlands, Emden was a very rich town during the 17th century, due to large numbers of Dutch immigrants such as Diederik Jansz. It was a centre of reformed Protestantism at that time, producing the first Bible translation in Dutch, the Emden Revolution in 1595 resulted in Emden becoming a distinct city-state. The political theorist Johannes Althusius served as Syndic from 1604 to 1638, in 1744 Emden was annexed by Prussia. In 1752 Frederick the Great chartered the Emden Company to trade with Canton, the town was recaptured by Anglo-German forces in 1758 and for the rest of the conflict was used as a major supply base by the British to support the ongoing war in Westphalia. During the Napoleonic French era, Emden and the lands of East Frisia were part of the short-lived Kingdom of Holland. Industrialization started at around 1870, with a mill and a somewhat bigger shipyard. At the end of the 19th century, a big canal, the Dortmund-Ems Canal was constructed and this made Emden the seaport of the Ruhr area, which lasted until the 1970s. Coal from the south was transported to the North Sea port, and imported iron ore was shipped via the canal towards Rhine, the last iron ore freighter was moored in the port of Emden in 1986. In 1903, a shipyard was founded which still exists today. The town centre was almost completely wiped out as a result of Allied bombing raids during the Second World War, the RAF first bombed Emden on 31 March 1940. The most severe bombing took place on 6 September 1944, when roughly 80 percent of all houses in the centre were destroyed. In the collective memory of the town, this date still plays an important role, the shipyard area was largely untouched – the British targeted the civilian areas, apparently in revenge for the bombing of Coventry by the Luftwaffe. The reconstructed town was opened on 6 September 1962, exactly 18 years after the bombing, the main industries in Emden are automobile production and shipbuilding
3.
Lower Saxony
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Lower Saxony is a German state situated in northwestern Germany and is second in area, with 47,624 square kilometres, and fourth in population among the sixteen Länder of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining. Lower Saxony borders on the North Sea, the states of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other, its city of Bremerhaven. In fact, Lower Saxony borders more neighbours than any other single Bundesland, the states principal cities include the state capital Hanover, Braunschweig, Lüneburg, Osnabrück, Oldenburg, Hildesheim, Wolfenbüttel, Wolfsburg and Göttingen. The northwestern area of Lower Saxony, which lies on the coast of the North Sea, is called East Frisia, in the extreme west of Lower Saxony is the Emsland, a traditionally poor and sparsely populated area, once dominated by inaccessible swamps. The northern half of Lower Saxony, also known as the North German Plains, is almost invariably flat except for the hills around the Bremen geestland. Towards the south and southwest lie the northern parts of the German Central Uplands, the Weser Uplands, between these two lie the Lower Saxon Hills, a range of low ridges. Thus, Lower Saxony is the only Bundesland that encompasses both maritime and mountainous areas, Lower Saxonys major cities and economic centres are mainly situated in its central and southern parts, namely Hanover, Braunschweig, Osnabrück, Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Hildesheim and Göttingen. Oldenburg, near the coastline, is another economic centre. To the north, the Elbe river separates Lower Saxony from Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the banks just south of the Elbe are known as Altes Land. Due to its local climate and fertile soil, it is the states largest area of fruit farming. Most of the territory was part of the historic Kingdom of Hanover. It was created by the merger of the State of Hanover with several states in 1946. Lower Saxony has a boundary in the north in the North Sea. The state and city of Bremen is an enclave surrounded by Lower Saxony. The Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region is a body for the enclave area. To the southeast the state border runs through the Harz, low mountains that are part of the German Central Uplands, in northeast Lower Saxony is Lüneburg Heath
4.
Nazi Germany
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Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Under Hitlers rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over all aspects of life. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich from 1933 to 1943, the period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period. The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933. The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all opposition and consolidate its power. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934, and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the powers and offices of the Chancellery, a national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer of Germany. All power was centralised in Hitlers person, and his word became above all laws, the government was not a coordinated, co-operating body, but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitlers favour. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending, extensive public works were undertaken, including the construction of Autobahnen. The return to economic stability boosted the regimes popularity, racism, especially antisemitism, was a central feature of the regime. The Germanic peoples were considered by the Nazis to be the purest branch of the Aryan race, millions of Jews and other peoples deemed undesirable by the state were murdered in the Holocaust. Opposition to Hitlers rule was ruthlessly suppressed, members of the liberal, socialist, and communist opposition were killed, imprisoned, or exiled. The Christian churches were also oppressed, with many leaders imprisoned, education focused on racial biology, population policy, and fitness for military service. Career and educational opportunities for women were curtailed, recreation and tourism were organised via the Strength Through Joy program, and the 1936 Summer Olympics showcased the Third Reich on the international stage. Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels made effective use of film, mass rallies, the government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific art forms and banning or discouraging others. Beginning in the late 1930s, Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands and it seized Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939. Hitler made a pact with Joseph Stalin and invaded Poland in September 1939. In alliance with Italy and smaller Axis powers, Germany conquered most of Europe by 1940, reichskommissariats took control of conquered areas, and a German administration was established in what was left of Poland. Jews and others deemed undesirable were imprisoned, murdered in Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the tide gradually turned against the Nazis, who suffered major military defeats in 1943
5.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
6.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
7.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
8.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
9.
Submarine
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A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability, the term most commonly refers to a large, crewed vessel. It is also used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine. The noun submarine evolved as a form of submarine boat, by naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as boats rather than as ships. Although experimental submarines had been built before, submarine design took off during the 19th century, Submarines were first widely used during World War I, and now figure in many navies large and small. Civilian uses for submarines include marine science, salvage, exploration and facility inspection, Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. Submarines are also used in tourism, and for undersea archaeology, most large submarines consist of a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends and a vertical structure, usually located amidships, which houses communications and sensing devices as well as periscopes. In modern submarines, this structure is the sail in American usage, a conning tower was a feature of earlier designs, a separate pressure hull above the main body of the boat that allowed the use of shorter periscopes. There is a propeller at the rear, and various hydrodynamic control fins, smaller, deep-diving and specialty submarines may deviate significantly from this traditional layout. Submarines use diving planes and also change the amount of water, Submarines have one of the widest ranges of types and capabilities of any vessel. Submarines can work at greater depths than are survivable or practical for human divers, modern deep-diving submarines derive from the bathyscaphe, which in turn evolved from the diving bell. In 1578, the English mathematician William Bourne recorded in his book Inventions or Devises one of the first plans for an underwater navigation vehicle and its unclear whether he ever carried out his idea. The first submersible of whose construction there exists reliable information was designed and built in 1620 by Cornelis Drebbel and it was propelled by means of oars. By the mid-18th century, over a dozen patents for submarines/submersible boats had been granted in England, in 1747, Nathaniel Symons patented and built the first known working example of the use of a ballast tank for submersion. His design used leather bags that could fill with water to submerge the craft, a mechanism was used to twist the water out of the bags and cause the boat to resurface. In 1749, the Gentlemens Magazine reported that a design had initially been proposed by Giovanni Borelli in 1680. By this point of development, further improvement in design stagnated for over a century, until new industrial technologies for propulsion. The first military submarine was the Turtle, a hand-powered acorn-shaped device designed by the American David Bushnell to accommodate a single person and it was the first verified submarine capable of independent underwater operation and movement, and the first to use screws for propulsion
10.
Das Boot
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Das Boot is a 1981 German epic war film written and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, produced by Günter Rohrbach, and starring Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer and Klaus Wennemann. It has been exhibited both as a release and as a TV miniseries, and in several different home video versions of various running times. An adaptation of Lothar-Günther Buchheims 1973 German novel of the same name, the screenplay used an amalgamation of exploits from the real U-96, a Type VIIC-class U-boat. Several American directors were considered three years earlier before the film was shelved, one of Petersens goals was to guide the audience through a journey to the edge of the mind, showing what war is all about. Produced with a budget of 32 million DM, the film was released on September 17,1981 and it grossed over $80 million worldwide between its theatrical releases and received critical acclaim. Its high production cost ranks it among the most expensive films in the history of German cinema, Lt. Werner, has been assigned as a war correspondent on the German submarine U-96 in October 1941. He meets its captain, chief engineer, and the crew in a raucous French bordello, Thomsen, another captain, gives a crude drunken speech to celebrate his Ritterkreuz award, in which he openly mocks not only Winston Churchill but implicitly Adolf Hitler as well. The next morning, they out of the harbour of La Rochelle to a cheering crowd. Werner is given a tour of the boat, as time passes, he observes ideological differences between the new crew members and the hardened veterans, particularly the captain, who is embittered and cynical about the war. The new men, including Werner, are mocked by the rest of the crew. After days of boredom, the crew is excited by another U-boats spotting of an enemy convoy, while the captain attempts to sink the destroyer, it sees the subs periscope, and they are bombarded with depth charges. They narrowly escape with light damage. The next three weeks are spent enduring a relentless storm, morale drops after a series of misfortunes, but the crew is cheered temporarily by a chance encounter with Thomsens boat. Shortly after the ends, the boat encounters a British convoy and quickly launches four torpedoes. They are spotted by a destroyer and have to dive below the submarines rated limit, during the ensuing depth-charge attack, the chief mechanic, Johann, panics and has to be restrained. The boat sustains heavy damage, but is able to safely surface in darkness. An enemy tanker remains afloat and on fire, so they torpedo the ship, only to realize there are still sailors aboard, they watch in horror as the sailors leap overboard. Unable to accommodate prisoners, the orders the boat away
11.
The NeverEnding Story (film)
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At the time of its release, it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union. The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series, ende called the film a gigantic melodrama of kitsch, commerce, plush and plastic. The film only adapts the first half of the book, the second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film, The Next Chapter. The third film, Escape from Fantasia, features an original plot. Bastian Balthazar Bux is a shy and friendless bibliophile 10-year-old, teased by bullies from school, on his way to school, he hides from the bullies in a bookstore, interrupting the grumpy bookseller, Mr. Coreander. Bastian asks about one of the books he sees, but Mr. Coreander advises against it and his curiosity piqued, Bastian seizes the book, leaving a note promising to return it, and hides in the schools attic to read. The book describes the world of Fantasia slowly being devoured by a force called The Nothing. Fantasias ruler, the Childlike Empress, has fallen ill, and Atreyu is tasked to discover the cure, believing that once the Empress is well, Atreyu is given a medallion named the AURYN that can guide and protect him in the quest. As Atreyu sets out, the Nothing summons Gmork, a vicious and highly intelligent wolf-like creature, atreyus quest directs him to the advisor Morla the Ancient One in the Swamps of Sadness. Though the AURYN protects Atreyu, his beloved horse Artax is lost to the swamp, later, Atreyu is surprised by the sudden appearance of Morla, a giant turtle. Bastian, reading, is surprised and lets out a scream. Morla does not have the answers Atreyu seeks, but directs him to the Southern Oracle, Atreyu succumbs to exhaustion trying to escape the Swamps but is saved by the luckdragon Falkor. Falkor takes him to the home of two gnomes that live near the entrance to the Southern Oracle, the gnomes explain that Atreyu will face various trials before reaching the Oracle. Atreyu proceeds to enter the Oracle, and is perplexed when one second trial, Bastian throws the book aside, but after catching his breath, continues to read. Atreyu eventually meets the Southern Oracle who tells him the way to save the Empress is to find a human child to give her a new name. Atreyu and Falkor flee before the Nothing consumes the Southern Oracle, in flight, Atreyu is knocked from Falkors back into the Sea of Possibilities, losing the AURYN in the process. He wakes on the shore of the ruins, where he meets Rock Biter. Atreyu finds a series of paintings depicting his quest, Gmork reveals himself, having been lying in wait and explains that Fantasia represents humanitys imagination, and that the Nothing represents adult apathy and cynicism against it
12.
Enemy Mine (film)
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Enemy Mine is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and written by Edward Khmara, based on Barry B. Longyears story of the same name, Petersen then took over as director and reshot Loncraines scenes after moving the production to Munich. It gained a cult following afterwards, in the late 21st century, an interstellar war between the humans and the Dracs is fought. Battles are periodically fought between fighter spacecraft, and no human pilot hates the Dracs more than Willis E. Davidge, after initial hostilities, the two eventually learn to cooperate to survive. They work together to build a shelter for protection against meteorite storms, over the next three years, they overcome their differences, become friends and learn each others languages and cultures. Each saves the life several times. Davidge, haunted by dreams of spaceships landing on the planet and he finds evidence of humans, but learns that the planet has only been periodically visited by human miners known as Scavengers, who use Dracs as slave labor. He returns to warn Jeriba, only to discover that Jeriba is pregnant and it is revealed that Dracs reproduce asexually. A blizzard and an attack by an indigenous predator forces Davidge, to pass the time Jeriba teaches Davidge his full lineage. Jeriba later slowly dies in childbirth, but not before making Davidge swear to take the back to the Drac homeworld and recite his full ancestry. Davidge and Zammis form a close bond and the young Drac loves Davidge as any sentient child loves a parent. One day a ship flies overhead and Davidge goes to investigate, however, Zammis is curious and follows. He is discovered by a pair of Scavengers, Davidge attacks the men, but Zammis inadvertently stands between Davidge and one miner, and Davidge is gunned down. Later, a BTA patrol ship finds Davidge apparently dead, on the station during an impersonal funeral ceremony, Davidge suddenly awakens when a disposal technician tries to steal the book Jerry gave him years before to learn the Drac language. Davidges old team vouch for his loyalty, even after they find he speaks the language fluently. Davidge is later reinstated to duty, but not as a pilot, unable to get help in rescuing Zammis, Davidge steals a spaceship to find the child by himself. He manages to find the Scavenger ship and sneak aboard, Davidge speaks to the Drac slaves in their own language as he searches for Zammis. The slaves know who Zammis is and realize that Davidge is uncle, Davidge enters the facility and fights with one miner after another as he searches for Zammis
13.
In the Line of Fire
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In the Line of Fire is a 1993 American action thriller film, directed by Wolfgang Petersen and starring Clint Eastwood, John Malkovich and Rene Russo. Written by Jeff Maguire, the film is about a disillusioned and obsessed former CIA agent who attempts to assassinate the President of the United States and the Secret Service agent who tracks him. Eastwoods character is the sole active-duty Secret Service agent remaining from the detail guarding John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, the film also stars Dylan McDermott, Gary Cole, John Mahoney, and Fred Thompson. The film was co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Castle Rock Entertainment, Eastwood and Petersen also originally offered the role of Leary to Robert De Niro, who turned it down due to scheduling conflicts with A Bronx Tale. After In the Line of Fire, Eastwood directed every film he starred in, Secret Service Agents Frank Horrigan and Al DAndrea meet with members of a counterfeiting group at a marina. The groups leader, Mendoza, tells Frank that he has identified DAndrea as an undercover agent, Frank shoots Mendozas men, identifies himself as an agent, and arrests the counterfeiter. Horrigan investigates a complaint from a landlady about an apartments absent tenant and he finds a collage of photographs and newspaper articles on famous assassinations, a model building magazine, and a Time cover with the Presidents head circled. When Frank and his return with a search warrant, only one photograph remains. This guilt drove Horrigan to drink excessively, eventually his family left him, Horrigan receives a phone call from the tenant, who calls himself Booth. He tells Horrigan that, like John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harvey Oswald, he plans to kill the President, Horrigan asks to return to the Presidential Protective Detail, despite his age, where he begins a relationship with fellow agent Lilly Raines. Booth continues to call Horrigan as part of his game, even though he knows that his calls are being traced and he mocks the agents failure to protect Kennedy but calls him a friend. Booth escapes Horrigan and DAndrea after one such call from Lafayette Park, the FBI matches the prints, but because the persons identity is classified, they cannot disclose it to the Secret Service. The FBI does notify the CIA, at a campaign event in Chicago, Booth pops a decorative balloon. Horrigan, who has the flu, mistakes the pop for a gunshot, because of this error, he is removed from the protective detail, but he is left in charge of the Booth case. Horrigan and DAndrea learn from the CIA that Booth is Mitch Leary, DAndrea confides to Frank that he is going to retire immediately because of nightmares about the Mendoza incident, but Horrigan is able to dissuade him from doing so. After Leary taunts Frank about the President facing danger in California, Frank connects Leary to a bank employees murder and learns that Leary, who has made a large campaign contribution, is among the guests at a campaign dinner at the hotel. He sees the President approach Leary and jumps into the path of the assassins bullet, as the Secret Service quickly removes the President, Leary uses Horrigan – who is wearing a bulletproof vest – as a hostage to escape to the hotels external elevator. The agent uses his earpiece to tell Raines and sharpshooters where to aim, although they miss Leary, the would-be-assassin chooses to fall to his death from the elevator
14.
Outbreak (film)
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Outbreak is a 1995 American medical disaster film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and loosely based on Richard Prestons nonfiction book, The Hot Zone. It stars Dustin Hoffman, Rene Russo and Morgan Freeman, and co-stars Cuba Gooding Jr. Kevin Spacey, Donald Sutherland, the film focuses on an outbreak of a fictional Ebola-like virus, Motaba, in Zaire and later in a small town in the United States. It is primarily set in the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, outbreaks plot speculates how far military and civilian agencies might go to contain the spread of a deadly, contagious disease. The film, released on March 10,1995, was a box-office success, a real-life outbreak of the Ebola virus was occurring in Zaire when the film was released. A virus called Motaba causing a fever, is discovered in the African jungle in 1967. To keep the virus a secret, U. S. Army officers Donald McClintock, in 1995, the virus resurfaces in Zaire. Colonel Sam Daniels, a USAMRIID virologist, is sent to investigate and he and his crew—Lieutenant Colonel Casey Schuler and new recruit Major Salt—gather information and return to the United States. Daniels asks his superior, Brigadier General William Ford, to issue an alert, Betsy, a white-headed capuchin monkey, is smuggled into the United States. When James Jimbo Scott—an employee of the Biotest animal-holding facility—steals Betsy and brings her to Cedar Creek, California, to sell on the black market, Jimbo fails to sell Betsy to Rudy Alvarez, a pet-store owner who wanted a male for a customer. Rudy is also infected, and Jimbo releases the monkey in the woods. He develops symptoms on a flight to Boston and infects his girlfriend and they are hospitalized, and Dr. Roberta Keough—a CDC scientist and Daniels ex-wife—investigates their illness. Jimbo, Alice, and Rudy die, but Keough determines that no one else in Boston was infected, technicians at a Cedar Creek hospital, including Henry, run tests on Rudys blood, Henry is infected when he accidentally breaks a vial of Rudys blood. It is later found that the virus mutated into a capable of spreading like influenza. Daniels learns about the infection and flies to Cedar Creek against Fords orders, joining Keoughs team with Schuler, as they begin a search for the host animal, the U. S. Army quarantines the town and imposes martial law. Schuler is infected when his tears, and Keough accidentally sticks herself with a contaminated needle. Ford provides an experimental serum to treat the sick, and Daniels realizes that he was aware of the virus before the outbreak, to prevent Daniels from finding a cure, McClintock has him arrested for carrying the virus. Daniels escapes, and he and Salt fly a helicopter to the ship which carried Betsy, Daniels obtains a picture of Betsy and releases it to the media, Mrs. Jeffries realizes that her daughter Kate has been playing with Betsy in their yard and calls the CDC. Daniels and Salt arrive at the Jeffries house, and Salt tranquilizes Betsy after Kate coaxes her out of hiding, when he learns from Daniels about Betsys capture, Ford delays the bombing
15.
The Perfect Storm (film)
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The Perfect Storm is a 2000 American biographical disaster drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen. The film stars George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, William Fichtner, reilly, Diane Lane, Karen Allen and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. It was released on June 30,2000, by Warner Bros, in October 1991, the commercial fishing boat Andrea Gail returns to port in Gloucester, Massachusetts, with a poor catch. Desperate for money, Captain Billy Tyne convinces the Andrea Gail crew to him for one more late season fishing expedition. The crew heads out past their usual fishing grounds in the Grand Banks, initially unsuccessful, they head to the Flemish Cap, where their luck greatly improves. At the height of their fishing the ice breaks, the only way to sell their catch before it spoils is to hurry back to shore. After debating whether to sail through the storm or to wait it out. However, between the Andrea Gail and Gloucester is a confluence of two powerful weather fronts and a hurricane, which the Andrea Gail crew underestimates. After repeated warnings from ships, Andrea Gail loses her antenna. A New York Air National Guard HH-60 Pave Hawk rescue helicopter responds, but after failing to perform a midair refueling with an HC-130 Hercules, all but one of the Air National Guard crew members are rescued by a Coast Guard vessel, the USCGC Tamaroa. After Andrea Gail endures various problems, the struggles to sail through pounding waves and shrieking winds, while friends and family worry. The vessel encounters a rogue wave. The boat is overturned, Billy elects to go down with his ship and he surfaces and watches as the Andrea Gail rights itself before sinking stern-first into the Atlantic. The rapidly rising swell carries the man away, there are no survivors and the film ends with Linda reading the eulogy at the memorial service, followed by her remembering Billys voice soliloquising about what it means to be a swordboat captain. George Clooney as Frank William Billy Tyne, Jr. captain of the Andrea Gail, Billy is a divorced father of two daughters, who is determined to undertake one last fishing trip before the end of the season to make up for a recent string of poor catches. Mark Wahlberg as Robert Bobby Shatford, the least experienced of the crew of the Andrea Gail, Bobby is the son of Ethel Shatford, the owner of the Crows Nest, and boyfriend to Chris Cotter. He enjoys commercial fishing, but his relationship with Chris creates conflict within himself. Yet, he is compelled by the potential to more money at sea than he could make with a job on shore to sign on for one last trip
16.
Troy (film)
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Troy is a 2004 American action-war film written by David Benioff and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. The film features an ensemble cast led by Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Achilles leads his Myrmidons along with the rest of the Greek army invading the historical city of Troy, defended by Hectors Trojan army. The end of the film is not taken from the Iliad, Troy made more than 73% of its revenues outside the U. S. Eventually, Troy made over $497 million worldwide, temporarily placing it in the #60 spot of top box office hits of all time. It was the 8th highest-grossing film of 2004, meanwhile, Prince Hector of Troy and his younger brother Paris negotiate a peace treaty with Menelaus, King of Sparta. Paris, however, is having a love affair with Menelaus wife, Queen Helen. Upon learning of this, Menelaus meets with Agamemnon, his elder brother, Agamemnon, who has wanted to conquer Troy for a long time, agrees, since it will give him control of the Aegean Sea. On Nestor, King of Pylos advice, Agamemnon has Odysseus, King of Ithaca, Achilles, who strongly dislikes Agamemnon, initially refuses, but eventually decides to go after his mother, Thetis, tells him that though he will die, he will be forever remembered. The Trojan and Greek armies meet outside the walls of Troy, during a parley, Paris offers to duel Menelaus personally for Helens hand in exchange for the city being spared. Agamemnon, intending to take the city regardless of the outcome, Menelaus wounds Paris and almost kills him, but is himself killed by Hector. In the ensuing battle, most of Agamemnons forces fall to Troys archers, on Odysseus insistence, Agamemnon gives the order to fall back. In order to keep their spirits up, he gives Briseis to the Greek soldiers for their amusement, Briseis sneaks into Achilless quarters later that night intent on killing him. However, Briseis quickly falls for him, giving up her virginity as Achilles seduces, Achilles, realizing the war is a lost cause, resolves to leave Troy in the morning. Despite Hectors advice otherwise, Priam instructs him to retake the Trojan beach in the night, the attack brings the Greeks together and the Myrmidons enter the battle. Hector personally duels a man he believes to be Achilles and cuts his throat, devastated, the armies agree to stop fighting for the day. Achilles is informed of his cousins death and vows revenge, the next day, Achilles arrives outside Troy and demands Hector come out. The two fight evenly for a while until Achilles wears Hector down and kills him, dragging his corpse back to the Trojan beach, straining his relationship with Briseis. Priam, in disguise, sneaks into the camp and meets with Achilles, ashamed of his actions, Achilles agrees and allows Briseis to return to Troy with Priam, promising a truce of twelve days so that Hectors funeral rites may be held in peace. He also tells his men to return home without him, Agamemnon declares that he will take Troy no matter what
17.
Poseidon (film)
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Poseidon is a 2006 disaster film directed and co-produced by Wolfgang Petersen. It is the film adaptation of Paul Gallicos novel The Poseidon Adventure. It stars Kurt Russell and Josh Lucas and it was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. in association with Virtual Studios. The film had a release in the IMAX format. It was released on May 12,2006, and nominated at the 79th Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, Poseidon grossed $181,674,817 at the worldwide box office on a budget of $160 million. The MS Poseidon, an ocean liner, is making a transatlantic crossing. Former New York City Mayor and FDNY firefighter Robert Ramsey is traveling with his daughter Jennifer and her boyfriend Christian to New York, soon to be engaged. Also on board is former Navy submariner-turned-professional gambler Dylan Johns, architect Richard Nelson, Maggie James and her son Conor, stowaway Elena, and waiter Valentin. As the passengers are celebrating a New Years Eve party in the ships ballroom, to survive the wave, they try to turn the ship to take the wave bow-first. However, the ship does not turn fast enough, the wave swamps and capsizes the ship, killing the bridge officers and many passengers. Badly injured, Captain Bradford tries to order and assures the remaining passengers that help is on the way. Unconvinced, Dylan leads Conor, Maggie, Robert, Richard, and Valentin towards the bow, as they head up, they have to cross an elevator shaft, into which Valentin falls before being crushed by the falling elevator. The group crosses a bridge across the lobby, where Lucky Larry gets crushed by the engine. The pressure from the water finally cracks the ballroom windows, drowning and killing its occupants, including Captain Bradford, with the water rising rapidly, the group is forced to escape through an air duct and some ballast tanks, although Elena hits her head underwater and drowns. With the ship sinking, the survivors soon find themselves in a crew lounge where they find the bow section is flooded. The group enters the bow thruster room and are horrified to find the still running. With their path blocked by the propellers, and knowing that the room is submerged in water. He finds the shut off switch to be broken, but presses the button instead
18.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
19.
Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
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The Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums is a Gymnasium in Hamburg, Germany. It is Hamburgs oldest school and was founded in 1529 by Johannes Bugenhagen, the school´s focus is on the teaching of Latin and ancient Greek. It is proud of having educated some of Germanys political leaders as well as some of Germanys notable scientists, the school is operated and financed by the city of Hamburg. The school is twinned with the two London schools Latymer Upper School and Godolphin and Latymer School, in Jules Vernes novel, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, one of the main characters, Otto Lidenbrock is a professor at the Johanneum. Hödhütte is the house of the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums. Leased by the school since 1970, it is located in the Radstädter Tauern, all pupils are required to spend 11 days at Hördhütte during their seventh year of schooling. This is believed to build community spirit and strengthen character, the students will also learn how to ski. Students from all years have the opportunity to spend their holidays in Hödhütte, the school feels that every student should have the opportunity of experiencing the sites of classical antiquity at first hand. The Verein zur Förderung von Schulreisen an klassische Stätten e. V. was formed fund this activity, the library of the school is called Bibliotheca Johannei. It has 55,000 books written in Latin, Ancient Greek, English, French, the library prides itself in having the first editions of many of the milestones of European literature. The oldest book is a Latin bible dating from 1491, the school has an alumni society called Verein ehemaliger Schüler der Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums zu Hamburg e. V. One of its tasks is to provide money for school activities
20.
Hamburg
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Hamburg, officially Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union. It is the second smallest German state by area and its population is over 1.7 million people, and the wider Hamburg Metropolitan Region covers more than 5.1 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the river Elbe, the official long name reflects Hamburgs history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state, and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a sovereign state. Prior to the changes in 1919, the civic republic was ruled by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. Though repeatedly destroyed by the Great Fire of Hamburg, the floods and military conflicts including WW2 bombing raids, the city managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. On the river Elbe, Hamburg is a port and a global service, media, logistics and industrial hub, with headquarters and facilities of Airbus, Blohm + Voss, Aurubis, Beiersdorf. The radio and television broadcaster NDR, Europes largest printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr, Hamburg has been an important financial centre for centuries, and is the seat of Germanys oldest stock exchange and the worlds second oldest bank, Berenberg Bank. The city is a fast expanding tourist destination for domestic and international visitors. It ranked 16th in the world for livability in 2015, the ensemble Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel was declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research and education hub with several universities and institutes and its creative industries and major cultural venues include the renowned Elbphilharmonie and Laeisz concert halls, various art venues, music producers and artists. It is regarded as a haven for artists, gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule. Hamburg is also known for theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Paulis Reeperbahn is among the best known European entertainment districts, Hamburg is on the southern point of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the north-east. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster, the city centre is around the Binnenalster and Außenalster, both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The island of Neuwerk and two neighbouring islands Scharhörn and Nigehörn, in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of Hamburg. The neighbourhoods of Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop and Finkenwerder are part of the Altes Land region, neugraben-Fischbek has Hamburgs highest elevation, the Hasselbrack at 116.2 metres AMSL. Hamburg has a climate, influenced by its proximity to the coast
21.
Berlin
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln
22.
Tatort
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Therefore, the series is a collection of different police stories where different police teams each solve crimes in their respective city. Uniqueness in architecture, customs and dialects of the cities is therefore a part of the series and often the city. The concept of local stations only producing a couple of shows per year has also enabled the shows to be longer, the first episode was broadcast on 29 November 1970. Episodes are broadcast on ARDs main channel Das Erste on Sunday evening at the viewing time of 8.15 pm around three times a month. Reruns are often shown by various regional ARD stations and on foreign broadcasters, next to the member stations of the ARD, the National Austrian broadcasting corporation Österreichischer Rundfunk joined the production pool in 1971 and airs the program on its ORF2 channel. Switzerlands Schweizer Fernsehen joined the pool from 1990 to 2001 and again in 2011, the episodes are then fed into a common pool and shown through all participating stations as part of their common programming. This means that if one Tatort features one team of inspectors in one specific city, with the advent of television, this was expanded further in that there was only one national channel jointly operated by all Anstalten with a regional block as well as a common programming. But unlike for instance in the USA with its Network affiliate system no single corporation would produce all common programming, instead the different member stations would each contribute a number of programs to the common block to be shown by all other stations. Jointly producing one crime series with episodes contributed by member station was thus a logical step. Apart from the unique joint-pooling system, the series is also characterised by the length of an episode which allows for more in-dept. Although almost all episodes feature the investigation of an homicide, it is never just a case of whodunit. Often the time allows for the crime to be shown in all its aspects with equal attention focused on the perpetrators. On several occasions the police work is just a side note in the story as the main plot is the way one of the persons involved deals with the crime. With the national broadcasting corporations of Austria and Switzerland joining in, notably the WDR has three teams of investigators playing respectively in Cologne, Münster and Dortmund. Episodes are either produced by the own production facilities or are filmed. A similar concept of filming and then pooling episodes was used from 1988 to 1992 in the series Eurocops jointly produced by several national European TV stations. Gunther Witte, dramaturge and TV boss at WDR, developed the series against initial resistance, the first Tatort radio drama was broadcast in January 2008. In 2012, more than 100,000 people participated in the first and only online game linked to the SWR Tatort production, in January 2014, Tatort received the 50th Grimme Award from the Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband
23.
U-boat
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U-boat is the anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally undersea boat. While the German term refers to any submarine, the English one refers specifically to military submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role. Austro-Hungarian navy submarines were known as U-boats. The first submarine built in Germany, the three-man Brandtaucher, sank to the bottom of Kiel harbor on 1 February 1851 during a test dive, the inventor and engineer Wilhelm Bauer had designed this vessel in 1850, and Schweffel & Howaldt constructed it in Kiel. Dredging operations in 1887 rediscovered Brandtaucher, it was raised and put on display in Germany, there followed in 1890 the boats WW1 and WW2, built to a Nordenfelt design. The SM U-1 was a completely redesigned Karp-class submarine and only one was built, the Imperial German Navy commissioned it on 14 December 1906. It had a hull, a Körting kerosene engine. The 50%-larger SM U-2 had two torpedo tubes, the U-19 class of 1912–13 saw the first diesel engine installed in a German navy boat. At the start of World War I in 1914, Germany had 48 submarines of 13 classes in service or under construction, during that war the Imperial German Navy used SM U-1 for training. Retired in 1919, it remains on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, on 5 September 1914, HMS Pathfinder was sunk by SM U-21, the first ship to have been sunk by a submarine using a self-propelled torpedo. On 22 September, U-9 sank the obsolete British warships HMS Aboukir, HMS Cressy, for the first few months of the war, U-boat anticommerce actions observed the prize rules of the time, which governed the treatment of enemy civilian ships and their occupants. On 20 October 1914, SM U-17 sank the first merchant ship, surface commerce raiders were proving to be ineffective, and on 4 February 1915, the Kaiser assented to the declaration of a war zone in the waters around the British Isles. This was cited as a retaliation for British minefields and shipping blockades, under the instructions given to U-boat captains, they could sink merchant ships, even potentially neutral ones, without warning. In February 1915, a submarine U-6 was rammed and both periscopes were destroyed off Beachy Head by the collier SS Thordis commanded by Captain John Bell RNR after firing a torpedo, on 7 May 1915, SM U-20 sank the liner RMS Lusitania. The sinking claimed 1,198 lives,128 of them American civilians, munitions that it carried were thousands of crates full of ammunition for rifles, 3-inch artillery shells, and also various other standard ammunition used by infantry. The sinking of the Lusitania was widely used as propaganda against the German Empire, a widespread reaction in the U. S was not seen until the sinking of the ferry SS Sussex. The sinking occurred in 1915 and the United States entered the war in 1917, the initial U. S. response was to threaten to sever diplomatic ties, which persuaded the Germans to issue the Sussex pledge that reimposed restrictions on U-boat activity
24.
One or the Other of Us
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One or the Other of Us is a 1974 West German film directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It was Petersens first theatrical film, and was based on the novel of the same name by Horst Bosetzky. The film is a thriller and focuses on the intense conflict between a university professor and a blackmailer. The film features Klaus Schwarzkopf and Jürgen Prochnow as the two characters and won two Bundesfilmpreise. Ziegenthals, a student, makes ends meet as an academic ghost writer. By accident he discovers that the professor of sociology, Rüdiger Kolczyk, has plagiarized his doctoral dissertation by translating the work of an American scholar. He decides to blackmail Kolczyk and to ask for 10,000 DM, Kolczyk initially agrees, but vows to Ziegenhals that only one of us will survive. Looking for a way to back, Kolczyk tries to gather information about Ziegenhals from Miezi, a prostitute. As Miezi has saved enough money she is thinking of leaving her profession, at the same time her violent ex-boyfriend and former pimp, Kalle Prötzel, has been released from prison, he murders her and steals her savings. During the investigations the police finds out that Miezi had an appointment with Kolczyk, being the main suspects in the murder investigation only increases the hatred between Kolczyk and Ziegenhals, who fight with all means available. Kolczyk, learning that Ziegenhals thinks that Kolczyk wants to kill him, for example, he sends him a package with an alarm clock, making Ziegenhals think that he has received a mail bomb. Ziegenhals meanwhile befriends Kolczyks daughter Ginny and makes her his lover, although this forces the both to have to pretend in public that they are friends, the final disaster cannot be averted. Petersen had already directed several high profile films for television, including four episodes for the Tatort television series, Klaus Schwarzkopf and Jürgen Prochnow had already played in some of Petersens Tatort productions. The script was based on the novel of the name written by Horst Bosetzky. At this time the identity of Horst Bosetzky was unknown as due to his position as a professor he published under the pseudonym -ky, One or the Other of Us was shot in October and November 1973 in Berlin and Sylt. The film was shot in Eastmancolor on 35 mm in an 1.66,1 aspect ratio, the film made its theatrical debut on 22 February 1974 at the Gloria-Palast in Berlin. It was first showed on television on 12 February 1982 on ZDF, the film was released on VHS in 1998 and on DVD in 2008 in Germany. List of submissions to the 47th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film List of German submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film -ky, One or the Other of Us at the Internet Movie Database One or the Other of Us at Filmportal. de
25.
Die Konsequenz
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Die Konsequenz is a West German film from 1977. It is an adaptation of the 1975 autobiographical novel with the name by Swiss author Alexander Ziegler. Gay actor Martin Kurath who is in prison develops a friendship with Thomas Manzoni, the two fall in love and they both yearn for Kuraths release. This triggers intense indignation in their surroundings, after Kurath is released a year later, Thomas accompanied by Kurath, tells his parents he is a homosexual. His father tells him to leave and never return, Kurath and Thomas move in together and Thomas enrolls in school. Thomas father, however, then has him arrested and condemned to a brutal reformatory, Kurath obtains a fake passport and poses as a psychology doctoral candidate and helps Thomas escape with him to Germany. They are betrayed by a German homosexual friend of Kuraths who insists, in Kuraths absence, Thomas does so, but then refuses to sleep with the betrayer, is kicked out and prostitutes himself. Broken by these experiences, he returns to the reformatory. When he reaches 21 and is released, he is so damaged that, despite reunion with Kurath. He escapes and the ends with a TV announcement that the police are looking for him. The novel Die Konsequenz, which reads like the diary of Martin Kurath, is set in 1974, the Swiss Alexander Ziegler processed his personal experiences in the book. He himself served two and a half years in prison for seducing an innocent underaged person to sexual acts. Alexander Ziegler contributed personally in the collaboration of Bernd Eichingers 1977 sensitive adaptation of the novel, Die Konsequenz was made-for-television and filmed in black and white on 16 mm film. The soundtrack is composed by Nils Sustrate, in March 2008, the film was released on DVD as part of a complete works edition of director Wolfgang Petersens films. The novel and film had a role in West Germany in starting a dialogue on the topic of homosexuality. Despite somewhat dramatic decorations it is, above all, a love story in black and white – one of the most private. Adolf Grimme Awards 1977 Alexander Ziegler, Die Konsequenz, ISBN 3-596-23407-7, Fischer-TB3407, Frankfurt am Main,1978 Wolfgang Petersen and Ulrich Greiwe, Die Resonanz. Presseartikel zur Ausstrahlung des Films gay-web. de www. deutsches-filmhaus. de
26.
Bayerischer Rundfunk
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Bayerischer Rundfunk is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is an organization of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany. Its functions are determined by a foundation which lays down the principles under which the broadcaster operates. Just as important for the work of Bavarian Broadcasting is the cooperation of the ARD consortium, the broadcasting service is further backed by the relevant European legal bases as well as the media service convention, which contain regulations for the on-line offerings of Bavarian Broadcasting. Every household in Germany is lawfully bound to pay 17,50 Euro per month as so called Rundfunkbeitrag to finance the public broadcast system. In 2012 BR derived 85. 3% of its income from viewer and listener licence fees,12. 6% from other such as product licensing and investments. 48. 5% of this income was spent on production costs,25. 1% on staffing. BR produces several series that are known throughout Bavaria. Advertising is also not permitted on ARDs Das Erste or on ZDF on Sundays, national holidays, or on any day after 8, on weekdays, only 20 minutes of advertising is permitted, split between breaks between programs. Program sponsoring is not considered to be advertising, and is not subject to these restrictions, BR operates a main broadcasting facility in downtown Munich as well as studios in Munichs northern Freimann quarter and the nearby municipality of Unterföhring. There are also regional TV and radio studios in Nuremberg, Würzburg and Regensburg, BR provides programs to various TV and radio networks, some done in collaboration with other broadcasters, and others completely independently. BR Fernsehen – Regional TV channel for Bavaria, phoenix – collaborative network programming between the ARD and ZDF. KiKA – Childrens network from the ARD and ZDF. arte – Franco-German cultural network 3sat – Cultural network from the ARD, ZDF, ORF, music directors have included Eugen Jochum, Rafael Kubelík, Sir Colin Davis and Lorin Maazel. Mariss Jansons has been serving in this post since 2003, münchner Rundfunkorchester, founded in the 1920s, reorganized in 1952. The orchestra is known for its Sunday concerts, and youth/childrens concerts, as of August 2005, the orchestra is threatened with dissolution in 2006. Marcello Viotti gave up his post as director, but continued to conduct the orchestra. He died on 16 February 2005 as a result of a stroke suffered during a performance of Manon, chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks, founded in 1946 as Rundfunkchor München. The choir has premiered works by Rafael Kubelík and Hans Pfitzner, an ever increasing number of podcasts produced by BR are available
27.
Academy Award for Best Director
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
28.
British Academy Film Awards
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The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honour the best British and international contributions to film. Between 2008 and 2016, the ceremony was held in central London at the Royal Opera House, the 70th British Academy Film Awards were held on 12 February 2017 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. British Academy of Film and Television Arts was founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others. BAFTA stated charitable purpose is to support, develop and promote the art forms of the image, by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners. In addition to awards ceremonies BAFTA runs a year-round programme of educational events including film screenings. BAFTA is supported by a membership of about 6,000 people from the film, television, the Academys awards are in the form of a theatrical mask designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe, which was commissioned by the Guild of Television Producers in 1955. The ceremony previously took place in April or May and since 2002 it takes place in February in order to precede the Oscars. The awards are open to all nationalities, though there is an award for Outstanding British Film. Only UK films are eligible for the categories of The British Short Film, the Awards ceremony is delayed broadcast on British television the same evening, and across the world for example its shown on BBC America in the United States. It has been broadcast in colour since 1970, the award ceremony is held in London. From 2000 to 2007 the ceremonies took place at the flagship Odeon cinema in Leicester Square, between 2008 and 2016, the ceremonies took place at the Royal Opera House. The 70th Awards in 2017 were held at the Royal Albert Hall, until 2012, the mobile network Orange sponsored the awards and starting in 2013 Oranges parent company, EE, began sponsorship. British Academy of Film and Television Arts British Academy Television Awards Official website BAFTA Awards database Museum of Broadcast Communications, BAFTA IMDB, BAFTA
29.
Directors Guild of America Award
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The Directors Guild of America Awards are issued annually by the Directors Guild of America. The first DGA Award was an “Honorary Life Member” award issued in 1938 to D. W. Griffith, the statues are made by New York firm, Society Awards. ‡ – Director did not win the Academy Award, § – Director was not nominated for Academy Award that year. ¿ – Originally, the DGA used a year for its award. Both films competed in the 22nd Academy Awards for 1949, all the Kings Men won Best Picture, Rossens DGA was not awarded until after the Oscars. J. A. DeGroot – The Biggest Loser 2012, Brian Smith – MasterChef 2013, Neil P. DeGroot –72 Hours 2014, Anthony B
30.
Cinema of the United States
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The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The dominant style of American cinema is Classical Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917-1960, while the French Lumière Brothers are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema, it is American cinema that soon became the most dominant force in an emerging industry. Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year than that of any other country, in 1878, Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated the power of photography to capture motion. In 1894, the worlds first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City, the United States was in the forefront of sound film development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U. S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, Los Angeles, director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar. Orson Welless Citizen Kane is frequently cited in critics polls as the greatest film of all time. T, the Extra-Terrestrial, Jurassic Park, Titanic, Avatar, The Avengers, Furious 7, Jurassic World, and Star Wars, The Force Awakens. Today, American film studios collectively generate several hundred movies every year, muybridges accomplishment led inventors everywhere to attempt to make similar devices that would capture such motion. In the United States, Thomas Edison was among the first to produce such a device, the history of cinema in the United States can trace its roots to the East Coast where, at one time, Fort Lee, New Jersey was the motion picture capital of America. The industry got its start at the end of the 19th century with the construction of Thomas Edisons Black Maria, in 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. They were quickly followed by others who either built new studios or who leased facilities in Fort Lee, such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios. In New York, the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, was built during the silent film era, was used by the Marx Brothers, the Edison Studios were located in the Bronx. Chelsea, Manhattan was also frequently used, other major centers of film production also included Chicago, Florida, Texas, California, and Cuba. The film patents wars of the early 20th century led to the spread of film companies across the U. S and they started filming on a vacant lot near Georgia Street in downtown Los Angeles. While there, the decided to explore new territories, traveling several miles north to Hollywood. Griffith then filmed the first movie shot in Hollywood, In Old California, a Biograph melodrama about California in the 19th century. Griffith stayed there for months and made several films before returning to New York, after hearing about Griffiths success in Hollywood, in 1913, many movie-makers headed west to avoid the fees imposed by Thomas Edison, who owned patents on the movie-making process. Nestor Studios of Bayonne, New Jersey, built the first studio in Hollywood in 1911, Californias more hospitable and cost-effective climate led to the eventual shift of virtually all filmmaking to the West Coast by the 1930s. In Los Angeles, the studios and Hollywood grew, before World War I, movies were made in several U. S. cities, but filmmakers gravitated to southern California as the industry developed
31.
Bavaria Film
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Bavaria Film in Munich, Germany is one of Europes largest film production companies, with some 30 subsidiaries. The company was a competitor to UFA, which had started in Berlin in 1917. In 1930 investor Wilhelm Kraus and a consortium of banks bought a major shareholding in the company, in 1938 the Bavaria Film was nationalised but privatised again in 1956. Alfred Hitchcock made his first film, The Pleasure Garden, in Geiselgasteig in 1925, in 1934 Peer Gynt was made there. The Studios in Geiselgasteig are the reason why Munich has become a site of crime in TV fiction, with detectives like Derrick, The Old Fox. Also Monty Python worked in Geiselgasteig in 1971 and 1972 for Monty Pythons Fliegender Zirkus, the Filmstadt is an attraction offered for tourists. Visitors taking the tour see sets and props from The Neverending Story, Das Boot, Marienhof, Bavaria Film GmbH Bavaria Studios & Production Services GmbH Bavaria Filmstadt
32.
Clint Eastwood
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Clinton Clint Eastwood Jr. is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure. These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring icon of masculinity. For his work in the Western film Unforgiven and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby, Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor. Eastwoods greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy Every Which Way But Loose and its sequel, the war drama biopic American Sniper set box office records for the largest January release ever and was also the largest opening ever for an Eastwood film. Eastwood received considerable praise in France for several films, including some that were not well received in the United States. Eastwood has been awarded two of Frances highest honors, in 1994 he became a recipient of the Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, in 2000, Eastwood was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement. Since 1967, Eastwood has run his own company, Malpaso. Starting in 1986, Eastwood served for two years as Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, a non-partisan office, Eastwood was born Clinton Eastwood Jr. May 31,1930, in San Francisco, California, the son of Clinton Eastwood Sr. and he has one younger sister, Jeanne Bernhardt. Eastwood is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch ancestry and he is descended from Mayflower passenger William Bradford, and through this line is the 12th generation of his family born in North America and the 13th generation to live in North America. His family moved often as his father worked at jobs along the West Coast, settled in Piedmont, California, the Eastwoods lived in a very wealthy part of town, had a swimming pool, belonged to the country club, and each parent drove their own car. Clint attended Piedmont Junior High School, shortly before he was to enter Piedmont High School, he rode his bike on the schools sports field and tore up the wet turf, this resulted in his being asked not to enroll. Clint graduated from the airplane shop, I think that was his major, joked classmate Don Kincaid. Another high school friend, Don Loomis, echoed I dont think he was spending much time at school because he was having a pretty good time elsewhere. I think what happened is he just went off and started having a good time, I just dont think he finished high school, explained Fritz Manes, a boyhood friend two years younger than Eastwood, who remained associated with him until their falling out in the mid-1980s. Biographer Patrick McGilligan notes that high school records are a matter of strict legal confidentiality. Eastwood worked at a number of jobs, including lifeguard, paper carrier, grocery clerk, forest firefighter, Eastwood has said that he tried to enroll at Seattle University but was then drafted into the United States Army during the Korean War. He always dropped the Korean War reference, hoping everyone would conclude that he was in combat, actually, hed been a lifeguard at Fort Ord in northern California for his entire stint in the military, commented Eastwoods former longtime companion, Sondra Locke
33.
United States Secret Service
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The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency under the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. Until 2003, the Service was part of the U. S. Department of the Treasury, the Secret Services initial responsibility was to investigate counterfeiting of U. S. currency, which was rampant following the U. S. Civil War. The agency then evolved into the United States first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency, the Secret Service has two primary missions, investigation of financial crimes and physical protection of designated protectees. After the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, Congress also directed the Secret Service to protect the President of the United States, Protection remains the other key mission of the United States Secret Service. From 1997 until 2013, legislation became effective limiting Secret Service protection to former Presidents, President Barack Obama signed legislation reversing this limit and reinstating lifetime protection on January 10,2013. The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States, the Director of Secret Service is appointed by the President of the United States. With a reported one third of the currency in circulation being counterfeit at the time, Chief William P. Wood was sworn in by Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch. It was commissioned in Washington, D. C. as the Secret Service Division of the Department of the Treasury with the mission of suppressing counterfeiting, the legislation creating the agency was on Abraham Lincolns desk the night he was assassinated. At the time, the other federal law enforcement agencies were the United States Park Police. Post Office Departments Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations, and the U. S. Marshals Service, the Marshals did not have the manpower to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service began to investigate everything from murder to bank robbery to illegal gambling. After the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service provide presidential protection, a year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for presidential protection. In 1902, William Craig became the first Secret Service agent to die while serving, the Secret Service was the first U. S. domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Domestic intelligence collection and counterintelligence responsibilities were vested in the Federal Bureau of Investigation upon the FBIs creation in 1908, the Secret Service assisted in arresting Japanese American leaders and in the Japanese American internment during World War II. Secret Service is not a part of the U. S, on October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham discovered a man holding a concealed palm pistol standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham signaled a Texas Ranger, Private C. R. Moore, in 1950, President Harry S. Truman was residing in Blair House while the White House, across the street, was undergoing renovations. On November 1,1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, approached Blair House with the intent to assassinate President Truman, Collazo and Torresola opened fire on Private Leslie Coffelt and other White House Police officers. Though mortally wounded by three shots from a 9 mm German Luger to his chest and abdomen, Private Coffelt returned fire, as of 2017, Coffelt is the only member of the Secret Service killed while protecting a US president against an assassination attempt. Collazo was also shot, but survived his injuries and served 29 years in prison before returning to Puerto Rico in late 1979, in 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedys assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees
34.
Dustin Hoffman
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Dustin Lee Hoffman is an American actor and a director, with a career in film, television, and theatre since 1960. Hoffman has been known for his portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer, and in 1989 for Rain Man. Widely considered one of the finest actors in history, Hoffman first drew praise for starring in the play, Eh. for which he won a Theatre World Award. This achievement was followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock. Since that time, Hoffmans career has largely focused on the cinema, with sporadic returns to television. Hoffmans notable films include, Midnight Cowboy, Little Big Man, Straw Dogs, Papillon, Lenny, Marathon Man, All the Presidents Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, Tootsie, Rain Man, Hook and he made his directorial debut in 2012, with Quartet. Along with 2 Academy Award wins, Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards and he has won 4 BAFTAs,3 Drama Desk Awards,2 Emmy Awards, and a Genie Award. Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999, and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012, Dustin Lee Hoffman was born on August 8,1937 in Los Angeles, California, the second son of Lillian and Harry Hoffman. His father worked as a supervisor at Columbia Pictures before becoming a furniture salesman. Hoffman was named after stage and silent screen actor, Dustin Farnum and his older brother, Ronald, is a lawyer and economist. Hoffman is Jewish, from an Ashkenazi family of immigrants from Ukraine, Poland and his upbringing was non-religious, and he has said, I don’t have any memory of celebrating holidays growing up that were Jewish, and that he had realized he was Jewish at around age 10. Hoffman graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1955 and enrolled at Santa Monica College with the intention of studying medicine. He left after a year to join the Pasadena Playhouse, although when he told his family about his career goal and he also took classes at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City. Hoffman initially hoped to become a classical pianist, having studied piano during much of his youth, while at Santa Monica College, he also took an acting class, which he assumed would be easy, and caught the acting bug. He recalls, I just was not gifted in music, now an aspiring actor, he spent the next ten years doing odd jobs, being unemployed, and struggling to get any available acting roles. He composed a song called Shooting the Breeze and Bette Midler wrote the words and his first acting role was at the Pasadena Playhouse, alongside future Academy Award-winner, Gene Hackman. After two years there, Hackman headed for New York City, with Hoffman soon following, Hoffman, Hackman and Robert Duvall lived together in the 1960s, all three of them focused on finding acting jobs
35.
Michael Ballhaus
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Michael Ballhaus, A. S. C. is a German cinematographer. In 1990, he was the Head of the Jury at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival, Ballhaus was born in Berlin, Germany, the son of actors Lena Hutter and Oskar Ballhaus. Ballhaus was influenced by family friend Max Ophüls, and appears as an extra in Ophüls last film Lola Montès. He came to prominence with his work on sixteen films for Rainer Werner Fassbinder beginning with Whity and, including The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant, Satans Brew and Chinese Roulette. Ballhaus has been nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, for Broadcast News, The Fabulous Baker Boys, and Gangs of New York and he won the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematography for Goodfellas. Ballhaus released his documentary In Berlin together with Ciro Cappelari in May 2009 and his wife since 1958, Helga Ballhaus, née Betten, appeared in a handful of films, including several directed by Fassbinder, she died in 2006. Their son Florian is also a cinematographer, in 2011, he married German-American film director Sherry Hormann. Michael Ballhaus is a nephew of the German stage and film actor Carl Balhaus
36.
Martin Scorsese
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Martin Charles Scorsese is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and film historian, whose career spans more than 50 years. Scorseses body of work addresses such themes as Sicilian-American identity, Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, faith, machismo, modern crime, many of his films are also known for their depiction of violence and liberal use of profanity. Part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking, he is regarded as one of the most significant. In 1990, he founded The Film Foundation, an organization dedicated to film preservation. Their third film together, The Departed, won Scorsese the Academy Award for Best Director in addition to the winning the award for Best Picture. Their collaborations have resulted in numerous Academy Award nominations for both as well as winning several other prestigious awards. His work in television includes the episode of the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Vinyl. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the crime drama The Departed, with eight Best Director nominations, he is the most nominated living director and is tied with Billy Wilder for the second most nominations overall. Scorsese was born in Queens, New York and his family moved to Little Italy, Manhattan before he started school. His father, Charles Scorsese, and mother, Catherine Scorsese and his father was a clothes presser and an actor, and his mother was a seamstress and an actress. His fathers parents emigrated from Polizzi Generosa, in the province of Palermo, Sicily, Scorsese was raised in a devoutly Catholic environment. As a teenager in the Bronx, Scorsese frequently rented Powell, Scorsese was one of only two people who regularly rented that reel. The other was future Night Of The Living Dead director George A. Romero, Scorsese has cited Sabu and Victor Mature as his favorite actors during his youth. He has also spoken of the influence of the 1947 Powell and Pressburger film Black Narcissus, whose innovative techniques later impacted his filmmaking. Enamored of historical epics in his adolescence, at least two films of the genre, Land of the Pharaohs and El Cid, appear to have had a deep, Scorsese also developed an admiration for neorealist cinema at this time. He acknowledges owing a debt to the French New Wave and has stated that the French New Wave has influenced all filmmakers who have worked since. He has also cited filmmakers including Satyajit Ray, Ingmar Bergman, Michelangelo Antonioni and he went on to earn his M. F. A. from NYUs School of the Arts in 1966, a year after the school was founded. Scorsese attended New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts making the short films Whats a Nice Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This. and Its Not Just You, Murray
37.
Harry Potter (film series)
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Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling. A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts, the Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowlings Wizarding World. The series was produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint. Four directors worked on the series, Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, the screenplays were written by Steve Kloves, with the exception of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, which was written by Michael Goldenberg. Production took over ten years to complete, with the story arc following Harry Potters quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh and final novel in the series, was adapted into two feature-length parts, Part 1 was released in November 2010, and Part 2 was released in July 2011. Without inflation adjustment, it is the second highest-grossing film series with $8.5 billion in worldwide receipts, late in 1997, film producer David Heymans London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowlings series of seven Harry Potter novels. The book, Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked the rubbish title, read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowlings work, he began the process led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time. Heymans enthusiasm led to Rowlings 1999 sale of the rights for the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million. Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the first film, he declined the offer, Spielberg wanted the adaptation to be an animated film, with American actor Haley Joel Osment to provide Harry Potters voice. Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, there was every expectation of profit in making the film and he claims that making money would have been like shooting ducks in a barrel. Its just like withdrawing a billion dollars and putting it into your personal bank accounts, petersen and Reiner both pulled out of the running in March 2000. It was then narrowed down to Columbus, Gilliam, Parker, Rowlings first choice was Terry Gilliam. Harry Potter is the kind of literary achievement that comes around once in a lifetime. Since the books have generated such a following across the world. I cant think of anyone more ideally suited for this job than Chris, Steve Kloves was selected to write the screenplay for the first film. He described adapting the book as tough since it did not lend itself to adaptation as well as the two books
38.
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)
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Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone is a 2001 British-American fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. It is based on the novel of the name by J. K. Rowling. The film was the first instalment in the long-running Harry Potter film series and its story follows Harry Potters first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, Warner Bros. bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported £1 million. Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000, with Chris Columbus being chosen to create the film from a short list of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner. J. K. Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British or Irish, the film was released in theatres in the United Kingdom and the United States on 16 November 2001. As of December 2015, it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time and the film in the series behind Harry Potter. Harry Potter is an ordinary boy living with the Dursleys, his only remaining relatives who treat him badly, in Little Whinging, Surrey. Hagrid reveals to Harry that he has been accepted into Hogwarts School of Witchcraft, after buying his school supplies from the hidden London street, Diagon Alley, Harry boards the train to Hogwarts via the concealed Platform 9¾ in Kings Cross Station. On the train Harry meets Ron Weasley, a boy from a large but poor pure-blood wizarding family, and Hermione Granger, once they arrive Harry and all the other first-year students are sorted between four houses, Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin. Because Slytherin is noted for being the house of darker wizards and witches and he ends up in Gryffindor along with Ron and Hermione. Rons older brothers were all placed in Gryffindor as well, mischievous twins Fred and George, Percy the prefect, Charlie, at Hogwarts Harry begins learning wizardry and discovers more about his past and his parents. He gets recruited for Gryffindors Quidditch team as a Seeker, as his father was before him, one night he, Ron, and Hermione discover a large three-headed dog named Fluffy on a restricted floor in the school. They later find out Fluffy is guarding the Philosophers Stone, an item that can be used to grant its owner immortality, Harry concludes that his potions teacher, the unfriendly Severus Snape, is trying to obtain the stone in order to return Voldemort to a human form. After hearing from Hagrid that Fluffy will fall asleep if played music, Harry, Ron, Quirrell removes his turban and reveals Voldemort to be living on the back of his head. Voldemort attempts to convince Harry to give him the stone, by promising to bring his parents back from the dead, Quirrell attempts to kill him and take the stone, but Harrys touch turns Quirrell into dust. When Harry gets up, Voldemorts spirit rises from Quirrells ashes and passes through Harry, Harry wakes up in the schools hospital wing with Professor Dumbledore at his side. Dumbledore explains that the stone has been destroyed and that, despite Ron nearly being killed in the match, he
39.
Epic film
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Epic film is a style of filmmaking with large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The usage of the term has shifted over time, sometimes designating a film genre, like epics in the classical literary sense it is often focused on a heroic character. An epics ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other types of such as the period piece or adventure film. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty, and important figures from various periods in world history, the term epic originally came from the poetic genre exemplified by such works as the Iliad, Epic of Gilgamesh, or the Odyssey. In classical literature, epics are considered works focused on deeds or journeys of heroes upon which the fate of a number of people depend. Similarly, films described as epic typically take a historical character, common subjects of epics are royalty, gladiators, great military leaders, or leading personalities from various periods in world history. Such films usually have a setting, although fantasy or science fiction settings have become common in recent decades. The central conflict of the film is seen as having far-reaching effects. The main characters actions are often central to the resolution of the societal conflict, in its classification of films by genre, the American Film Institute limits the genre to historical films such as Ben-Hur. However, film scholars such as Constantine Santas are willing to extend the label to science-fiction films such as 2001, A Space Odyssey and Star Wars. Stylistically, films classed as epic usually employ spectacular settings and specially designed costumes, often accompanied by a musical score. Epics are usually among the most expensive of films to produce and they often use on-location filming, authentic period costumes, and action scenes on a massive scale. Biographical films may be less lavish versions of this genre, many writers may refer to any film that is long as an epic, making the definition epic a matter of dispute, and raise questions as to whether it is a genre at all. As Roger Ebert put it, in his Great Movies article on Lawrence of Arabia, what you realize watching Lawrence of Arabia is that the word epic refers not to the cost or the elaborate production, but to the size of the ideas and vision. Werner Herzogs Aguirre, The Wrath of God didnt cost as much as the catering in Pearl Harbor, but it is an epic, the comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail had the joking tagline Makes Ben Hur look like an epic. This boom period of international co-productions is generally considered to have ended with Cleopatra, The Fall of the Roman Empire, Epic films continue to be produced, although since the development of CGI they typically use computer effects instead of an actual cast of thousands. Since the 1950s, such films have regularly been shot with an aspect ratio for a more immersive. Epic films were recognized in a montage at the 2006 Academy Awards, War epics are generally focused on specific battles in a war, P. O. W camps or the personal consequences of living in an invaded/occupied country
40.
Paul Gallico
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Paul William Gallico was an American novelist, short story and sports writer. Many of his works were adapted for motion pictures and he is perhaps best remembered for The Snow Goose, his only real critical success, and for the novel The Poseidon Adventure, primarily through the 1972 film adaptation. Gallico was born in New York City and his father was the Italian concert pianist, composer and music teacher Paolo Gallico, and his mother, Hortense Erlich, came from Austria, they had emigrated to New York in 1895. Gallico graduated from Columbia University in 1919 and first achieved notice in the 1920s as a sportswriter, sports columnist, Gallicos career was launched by an interview with boxer Jack Dempsey in which he asked Dempsey to spar with him. Gallico described how it felt to be knocked out by the heavyweight champion and he followed up with accounts of catching Dizzy Deans fastball and golfing with Bobby Jones. He became one of the sportswriters in America. He founded the Golden Gloves amateur boxing competition and his book, Lou Gehrig, Pride of the Yankees was adapted into the sports movie The Pride of the Yankees, starring Gary Cooper and Teresa Wright. His novella The Snow Goose, and other works, are expanded versions of his magazine stories, Gallico once confessed to New York Magazine, Im a rotten novelist. I just like to tell stories and all my books tell stories, if I had lived 2,000 years ago Id be going around to caves, and Id say, Can I come in. In exchange, Ill tell you a story, once upon a time there were two apes. And Id tell them a story about two cavemen, in 1939, Gallico published The Adventures of Hiram Holliday, known for its later television adaptation with Wally Cox in the starring role and Ainslie Pryor as the supporting actor. It depicts the adventures of a modern American knight-errant visiting Europe on the verge of World War II and waging a single-handed. Gallicos Austrian background is evident in the books strong Habsburg Monarchist theme, the Snow Goose was published in 1941 in The Saturday Evening Post and won the O. Henry Award for short stories in 1941. Critic Robert van Gelder called it perhaps the most sentimental story that ever has achieved the dignity of a Borzoi imprint and it is a timeless legend that makes use of every timeless appeal that could be crowded into it. A public library puts it on a list of tearjerkers and his short story, The Man Who Hated People was reworked into his book Love of Seven Dolls, which was adapted into the Oscar-winning motion picture Lili, and later staged as the musical Carnival. The versions, while differing, share a core surrounding the girl. The puppeteer, communicating with Lili through his puppets as a voice, develops a vehicle whereby each of them can freely express their inner pain. In the 1950s, Gallico spent time in Liechtenstein, where he wrote Ludmila and his novel Mrs. Arris Goes to Paris was a bestseller, and became the first of four books about the lovable charwoman, Mrs. Arris
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The Poseidon Adventure (novel)
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The Poseidon Adventure is an American adventure novel by Paul Gallico, published in 1969. Formerly the RMS Atlantis, the SS Poseidon is an ocean liner from the golden age of travel, converted to a single-class. The ship is on her first North Atlantic crossing under new ownership, celebrated with a month long Christmas voyage from Lisbon to African, on December 26, the Poseidon is overturned when it has the misfortune of being directly above the location of an undersea earthquake. The ship capsizes as it falls into the void caused by the quake displacing millions of gallons of seawater. Those stuck within the saloon are unwilling to follow the Reverend. Those survivors choosing to follow Scott climb a Christmas tree to ascend into the area where they meet some stewards. There is a debate about whether to try to reach one of the propeller shafts at the stern. One of the fears the lockers that hold the anchor chains will have flooded. After climbing two upside-down stairways, the group comes upon Broadway, a service corridor that runs the length of the ship. The posse breaks for a while whilst they look for supplies, Young Robin Shelby ventures off to find the bathroom while Tony The Beamer Bates and his girlfriend Pamela find the liquor closet. After the panic, Scotts group goes in search of The Beamer, Pamela, and Robin, new York Police Detective Mike Rogo finds The Beamer passed out, intoxicated, and Pamela refuses to leave him. Robin is nowhere to be found, while searching for her young brother, Susan is raped by a young, terrified crew member. Susan talks with the boy, who is remorseful and ashamed, but the boy, realizing the consequences of his actions, panics and runs off. Susan rejoins the group and tells them nothing of what has happened, after an intense search, they make the painful decision to move on without Robin. At this point his mother, Jane Shelby, breaks down and vents her long-held disgust, the Reverend, having found a Turkish oiler, guides the other survivors through Broadway to the stern. They find the corridor to the room, which is completely submerged. Champion, swims through the corridor and finds the passage to get them to the other side, upon their arrival, they find the engine room, or Hell as Mr. Martin calls it. They take time to rest and save the batteries on their recently acquired flashlights, in the darkness Linda Rogo makes a move on the Reverend
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The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)
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The Poseidon Adventure is a 1972 American disaster film directed by Ronald Neame, produced by Irwin Allen, and based on Paul Gallicos novel of the same name. It features an ensemble cast, including five Academy Award winners, Gene Hackman, Ernest Borgnine, Jack Albertson, Shelley Winters, parts of the movie were filmed aboard the RMS Queen Mary. The plot centers on the SS Poseidon, a luxury liner on her final voyage from New York City to Athens before being sent to the scrapyard. On New Years Eve, she is overturned by a rogue wave, passengers and crew are trapped inside, and a rebellious preacher attempts to lead a small group of survivors to safety. It is in the vein of other all-star disaster films of the early-mid 1970s such as Airport, Earthquake, by the end of 1974, it was regarded as a widely successful film. The film won two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award, a 1979 sequel, Beyond the Poseidon Adventure, was also based on a novel by Gallico, but was a commercial and critical failure. The S. S. Poseidon, an ocean liner slated for retirement and scrapping, makes her way across the North Atlantic Ocean, the Reverend Frank Scott, a minister believing God helps those who help themselves, delivers a sermon. Detective Lt. Mike Rogo and wife Linda, a former prostitute. Susan and younger brother Robin are traveling to meet their parents, Robin is interested in how the ship works and frequently visits the engine room. Retired Jewish hardware store owner Manny Rosen and wife Belle are going to Israel to meet their two-year-old grandson for the first time, haberdasher James Martin is a love-shy, health-conscious bachelor. The ships singer, Nonnie Parry, rehearses for the New Years Day celebration with her band and that evening, passengers gather in the dining room to celebrate. Harrison is called to the bridge in response to a report of an undersea earthquake and he receives word from the lookout that a huge wave is approaching from the direction of Crete, at 60 knots. He issues a mayday signal and commands a hard left turn. The wave hits the ship and she capsizes, in the dining room, survivors take stock of their predicament. Acres, a waiter, is trapped at the galley door now high above. Scott surmises that the route will be found upwards, at the outer hull. Robin tells him the hull near the shaft is only one inch thick. The Rosens, the Rogos, Susan, Robin, Acres, Nonnie, Scott unsuccessfully tries convincing more passengers to join them
43.
Ender's Game (film)
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Enders Game is a 2013 American science fiction action film based on the novel of the same name by Orson Scott Card. The supporting cast includes Harrison Ford, Hailee Steinfeld, Viola Davis, with Abigail Breslin, the film was released in Germany on October 24,2013, followed by a release in the United Kingdom and Ireland one day later. It was released in the United States, Canada, and several countries on November 1,2013. Enders Game grossed $125.5 million on a $110–115 million budget, variety included the film in their list of Hollywoods Biggest Bombs of 2013. Over the course of fifty years, gifted children are trained by the International Fleet to become commanders of a new fleet for this counter-attack, cadet Andrew Ender Wiggin draws the attention of Colonel Hyrum Graff and Major Gwen Anderson by his aptitude in simulated space combat. They order the removal of his monitor, signifying the end of the cadet program, Ender is attacked by Stilson, a student he defeated in the combat sim, but Ender fights back and severely injures him. Ender confesses his grief to his older sister Valentine, but is harassed further by their older brother Peter, Graff arrives to reveal he was being tested and is still part of the program. Graff brings Ender to Battle School, placing Ender with other cadets his age, among other studies, the cadets are placed in squads and perform training games in a zero gravity Battle Room. Ender quickly adapts to the games, devising new strategies older students have not yet seen, Graff reassigns Ender to Salamander Army, led by Commander Bonzo Madrid. Bonzo, believing that Ender is inept due to his size, another cadet, Petra Arkanian, takes Ender and trains him privately. While Bonzo is aware of this, he not take any action against Petra. In one match, Bonzo orders Ender to stay behind while the rest of the Salamander Army fights another team, however, seeing Petra in trouble, Ender comes to her aid and helps the Salamander Army win. After the match, Bonzo is humiliated by the other students, meanwhile, Ender plays a computerized mind game set in a fantasy world aimed to present difficult choices to the player. In one situation, Ender creates an outside the box solution to overcome a seemingly unsolvable problem, later, he encounters a Formic in the game, and then a simulated image of Valentine entering the ruins of a castle. Inside, he finds another image of Valentine but as he nears, Graff promotes Ender to his own squad, made from other students that have gained Enders trust. They are put in difficult battles. In one match against two other teams including Bonzos squad, Ender devises a strategy of sacrificing part of his team to achieve a goal. Bonzo accosts Ender in the bathroom after the match, but Ender fights back and Bonzo falls during the struggle, distraught over this, Ender prepares to quit Battle School, but Graff has Valentine speak to him and convince him to continue
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Ender's Game
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Enders Game is a 1985 military science fiction novel by American author Orson Scott Card. Set in Earths future, the novel presents an imperiled mankind after two conflicts with the buggers, an alien species. The book originated as the short story Enders Game, published in the August 1977 issue of Analog Science Fiction, elaborating on characters and plot lines depicted in the novel, Card later wrote additional books to form the Enders Game series. Reception of the book has generally been positive and it has also become suggested reading for many military organizations, including the United States Marine Corps. Enders Game won the 1985 Nebula Award for best novel and the 1986 Hugo Award for best novel and its sequels, Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind and Ender in Exile, follow Enders subsequent travels to many different worlds in the galaxy. In addition, the later novella A War of Gifts and novel Enders Shadow take place during the time period as the original. A film adaptation of the name written for the screen and directed by Gavin Hood. It has also adapted into two comic series. Humanity, having begun to explore the Universe and master interplanetary spaceflight, the discovery of a bugger forward base in the asteroid Eros leads to war between the species and the destruction of a bugger colonizing force. The battle to recapture Eros results in the discovery of advanced alien technology, political conflicts on Earth between three ruling parties, the Hegemon, Polemarch, and Strategos, are put aside in the face of the threat from the buggers. Ostensibly in preparation for the third invasion, an International Fleet is established. Increasingly advanced starships are built and secretly launched to attack the home worlds. To develop commanders capable of defeating the much larger forces, the I. F. creates a crash training program for children with the best strategic minds. Protagonist Andrew Ender Wiggin is one of the schools trainees and he has a close bond with his sister Valentine, but fears his brother Peter, a highly intelligent sociopath. The I. F. remove Enders monitoring device, seemingly ending his chances of Battle School, Ender beats up Stilson before the fight is broken up, unknown to Ender, the fight was fatal to Stilson. When explaining his actions to I. F, colonel Hyrum Graff, Ender states his belief that, by showing superiority now, he has prevented future struggle. Graff, on hearing of this, offers Ender a place in the Battle School, situated in Earths orbit, the cadets participate in competitive war simulations in zero gravity, where Enders innovations overwhelm his opponents. Graff promotes Ender to a new army composed of raw recruits and he forms bonds of friendship, loyalty and trust with several of his current and former squad members
