1.
Bezirk Magdeburg
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The Bezirk Magdeburg was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the town was Magdeburg. The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25,1952, after October 3,1990, it was abolished as part of the process of German reunification, becoming again part of the state of Saxony-Anhalt except Havelberg district, passed to Brandenburg. The Bezirk Magdeburg bordered with the Bezirke of Schwerin, Potsdam, Halle and it bordered also with West Germany. The Bezirk was divided into 22 Kreise,1 urban district and 21 rural districts, Urban district, regierungsbezirk Magdeburg Media related to Bezirk Magdeburg at Wikimedia Commons
2.
East Germany
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East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic, was an Eastern Bloc state during the Cold War period. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin, but did not include it, as a result, the German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany, which lies culturally in Central Germany, was a state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, Soviet forces, however, remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party, though other parties participated in its alliance organisation. The economy was centrally planned, and increasingly state-owned, prices of basic goods and services were set by central government planners, rather than rising and falling through supply and demand. Although the GDR had to pay war reparations to the USSR. Nonetheless it did not match the growth of West Germany. Emigration to the West was a significant problem—as many of the emigrants were well-educated young people, the government fortified its western borders and, in 1961, built the Berlin Wall. Many people attempting to flee were killed by guards or booby traps. In 1989, numerous social and political forces in the GDR and abroad led to the fall of the Berlin Wall, the following year open elections were held, and international negotiations led to the signing of the Final Settlement treaty on the status and borders of Germany. The GDR was dissolved and Germany was unified on 3 October 1990, internally, the GDR also bordered the Soviet sector of Allied-occupied Berlin known as East Berlin which was also administered as the states de facto capital. It also bordered the three sectors occupied by the United States, United Kingdom and France known collectively as West Berlin. The three sectors occupied by the Western nations were sealed off from the rest of the GDR by the Berlin Wall from its construction in 1961 until it was brought down in 1989, the official name was Deutsche Demokratische Republik, usually abbreviated to DDR. West Germans, the media and statesmen purposely avoided the official name and its abbreviation, instead using terms like Ostzone, Sowjetische Besatzungszone. The centre of power in East Berlin was referred to as Pankow. Over time, however, the abbreviation DDR was also used colloquially by West Germans. However, this use was not always consistent, for example, before World War II, Ostdeutschland was used to describe all the territories east of the Elbe, as reflected in the works of sociologist Max Weber and political theorist Carl Schmitt
3.
Midfielder
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A midfielder is an association football position. Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their teams defenders and forwards, some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role, breaking up attacks, and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders. Others blur the boundaries, being mobile and efficient in passing, they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders, play-makers, box-to-box. The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the teams formation, most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing teams attacks, while others may be tasked with creating goals, or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence. Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match, central or centre midfielders are players whose role is divided roughly equally between attack and defence. When the opposing team has the ball, a midfielder may drop back to protect the goal or move forward. The 4–3–3 and 4–5–1 formations each use three central midfielders, the 4−4−2 formation may use two central midfielders, and in the 4–2–3–1 formation one of the two deeper midfielders may be a central midfielder. The term box-to-box midfielder refers to central midfielders who have abilities and are skilled at both defending and attacking. These players can track back to their own box to make tackles and block shots. A good box-to-box midfielder needs good passing, vision, control, stamina, tackling and marking in defence, left and right midfielders have a role balanced between attack and defence, similar to that of central midfielders, but they are positioned closer to the touchlines of the pitch. They may be asked to cross the ball into the penalty area to make scoring chances for their teammates. Common modern formations that include left and right midfielders are the 4−4−2, the 4−4−1−1, the 4–2–3–1, a notable example of a right midfielder is David Beckham. Defensive midfielders are players who focus on protecting their teams goal. These players may defend a zone in front of their teams defence, defensive midfielders may also move to the full-back or centre-back positions if those players move forward to join in an attack. Sergio Busquets described his attitude, The coach knows that I am an obedient player who likes to help out and if I have to run to the wing to cover someones position, great. A good defensive midfielder needs good positional awareness, anticipation of play, marking, tackling, interceptions, passing and great stamina. A holding or deep-lying midfielder stays close to their teams defence, a player in this role will try to protect their goal by disrupting the opponents attacking moves and stopping long shots on the goal. The holding midfielder may also have responsibilities when their team has the ball and this player will make mostly short and simple passes to more attacking members of their team but may try some more difficult passes depending on the teams strategy
4.
1. FC Magdeburg
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FC Magdeburg is a German association football club based in the city of Magdeburg. The club was founded in 1965 and spent all but one season in East Germanys top flight and it is the only East German club to have won a European title, winning the European Cup Winners Cup in 1974. It is the only East German club who won the double, winning the league, after German reunification, the club fell on hard times and only entered professional football in 2015 when the side was promoted to the 3. Football has been played in Magdeburg since the end of the 19th century, on 15 June 1896 SV Victoria 96 Magdeburg was founded, a club that had its best days before World War II, when it participated in the German championship finals on several occasions. Later the club participated in the Gauliga Mitte, after World War II, all sports clubs in the Soviet Occupation Zone were dissolved and a number of smaller clubs were created, which at first competed at a local and regional level. In 1945 players from the disbanded clubs Magdeburger SC Prussia 1899 and this club and SG Lemsdorf came together as the sports club BSG Eintracht Sudenburg, which in turn merged with SAG Krupp Gruson in 1950. The next year the club was renamed BSG Stahl Magdeburg, and then in 1952, in 1957 the football department of Motor Mitte was moved to SC Aufbau Magdeburg, a political decision with the goal of achieving higher standards of performance. In 1965, the department was again broken out of SC Aufbau. This was part of a general – again politically motivated – movement in East Germany towards football-only clubs with the goal of achieving higher standards, FC Magdeburg is the oldest of the football clubs created in this period. SC Aufbau were promoted to the first tier of East German football in 1959, at the beginning of the 1960s, the club usually played in the lower midtable of the DDR-Oberliga, but in 1964 the club had its first major success with a surprise win of the FDGB-Pokal. In the final at Dessau, Magdeburg came back from being 0–2 down to beat SC Leipzig 3–2. The cup win meant the first international appearance of a Magdeburg club, legend reports that the coin first stuck upright in the muddy ground, and only the second toss brought about a decision. SC Aufbau finished mid-table again in the 1964–65 season and managed to defend their cup title as the first team in East German football ever, however, the 1965–66 season, when SC Aufbaus footballers became 1. FC Magdeburg, ended in disaster, The club finished last in the table and was relegated to the second-tier DDR-Liga, with their new manager Heinz Krügel, Magdeburg were immediately repromoted and finished third in 1968 and 1969. With their third win of the FDGB-Pokal in 1969 the club had established itself among the top teams of East German football. During the 1970s, the DDR-Oberliga was mostly dominated by two teams,1, FC Magdeburg and SG Dynamo Dresden. One of the figures behind the success at Magdeburg was Heinz Krügel, under his reign, Magdeburg produced 9 East German internationals between 1969 and 1974 alone, four of which were part of the East German team competing at the 1974 FIFA World Cup. The golden age of Magdeburg football began in 1972, when the won the East German championship with the youngest squad in history
5.
VfB Oldenburg
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VfB Oldenburg is a German association football club based in Oldenburg, Lower Saxony. As of the 2012-13 season they play in the Regionalliga Regionalliga Nord, founded by a group of high school boys as FC1897 Oldenburg on 17 October 1897, they merged with FV Germania 1903 Oldenburg in 1919 and adopted their current name. Their interests were football, cricket and track, within a year the club acquired an old velodrome in Donnerschwee – part of the town of Oldenburg today – and converted it to a football ground. The club played for two seasons in the Gauliga Weser-Ems, just before the end of the war, from 1942 to 1944, Oldenburg did not qualify for the new circuit and found themselves in the Regionalliga Nord. They played at that level until the mid-1970s when they slipped into the Amateur Oberliga Nord and they enjoyed their highest league finish in 1991–92. They finished bottom of the level in 1999–2000, and came close to being dissolved due to financial problems. After a decade of lower division play following its relegation from the Regionalliga Nord in 2000 the club returned to level in 2012 and has been playing there since. They play in the Stadion am Marschweg, which was built in 1951, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Official team site Oldenburger Cricket Club e. V
6.
East Germany national football team
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The East Germany national football team was from 1952 to 1990 the football team of East Germany, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany. In 1949, before the GDR was founded and while regular private clubs were banned under the Soviet occupation. Helmut Schön coached selections of Saxony and the Soviet occupation zone before moving to the West, on 6 February 1951, the GDR applied for FIFA membership, which was protested against by the German Football Association, which was already a full member. FIFA accepted the GDR association on 6 October 1951 as a provisional member, the first international game, not competitive but rather a display of good will, took place on 21 September 1952 against Poland in Warsaw, losing 3-0 in front of a crowd of 35,000. The first home game was on 14 June 1953 against Bulgaria, only three days later, the Uprising of 1953 in East Germany would have prevented the permitted assembly of that many Germans. On 8 May 1954 games resumed, with a 1-0 loss against Romania, the East Germans had not even considered to enter the World Cup which was won by the West Germans two months later. The GDR entered the qualification for the WC1958 and were hosts to Wales on 19 May 1957 at the Zentralstadion in Leipzig,500,000 tickets were requested, officially 100,000 were admitted, but 120,000 in the crowded house witnessed a 1-0 victory. East Germany was not as successful as its Western counterpart in World Cups or European Championships and it never qualified for the finals of the European Championship and only qualified for one World Cup, in 1974. However, they were serious contenders in qualifying throughout their history. That tournament was staged in West Germany, and both German teams were drawn in the group in the first round. With successful games against Chile and Australia, both German teams had qualified early for the round, with the inter-German game determining first. Despite this lack of pressure to succeed, the match on 22 June 1974 in Hamburg was politically and emotionally charged, East Germany beat West Germany 1-0, thanks to a goal by Jürgen Sparwasser. This was rather a Pyhrric victory, as the DFV wound up in the possibly stronger second round Group A, the GDR lost to Brazil and the Netherlands, but secured 3rd place in a final game draw with Argentina. East Germany did however achieve significantly greater success in Olympic football than the teams fielded by the Western NOC of Germany. In 1956,1960, and 1964 both states had sent a United Team of Germany, for 1964, the East German side had beaten their Western counterparts in order to be selected. They went on to win Bronze for Germany, as GDR, they won Bronze in 1972 in Munich, Gold in 1976, and Silver medal in 1980 in Moscow, In absence of boycotting Western nations. East Germany nearly secured qualification for the 1990 World Cup, needing only a draw versus Austria in Vienna in their group match on 15 November 1989 to achieve a place in Italy. However, Toni Polster scored three times as Austria won 3-0 and advanced to the finals instead, millions of East Germans had moved to the West before the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961, and some escaped in a successful Republikflucht attempts also afterwards
7.
BV Cloppenburg
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BV Cloppenburg is a German association football club located in Cloppenburg, Lower Saxony. The club was founded after World War I in 1919 as the successor to SV Cloppenburg 1911, in recent years, BV managed to rise as high as the third division Regionalliga Nord in 1998 for a couple of seasons, before falling back to the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen. After four seasons in the Regionalliga Nord from 2012 to 2016 Cloppenburg was relegated back to the Oberliga at the end of the 2015–16 season. The club won their first German Cup berth in the 2006–07 tournament by way of a Niedersachsen Cup win last season over third division side VfL Osnabrück and they were eliminated from the competition in the first round after losing 1–0 to Bundesliga side 1. Cloppenburg plays its games in the Stadion an der Friesoyther Strasse which has a capacity of 6,000. Work on improving the venue by expanding it was undertaken
8.
SV Wilhelmshaven
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SV Wilhelmshaven is a German association football club from Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony. SV Wilhelmshaven play in the Regionalliga Nord, SV Wilhelmshaven was founded in 1905. Since 1999, Wilhelmshavens stadium is the Jadestadion, predecessor side SpVgg Wilhelmshaven was formed as FC Comet in 1905 and was quickly renamed FC Deutschland Wilhelmshaven. In 1912 this club was joined by Heppenser BSV, and later, in 1924, in 1939 SV06 merged with VfL1905 Rüstringen to create SpVgg Wilhelmshaven. This side immediately won promotion to the first division Gauliga Niedersachsen, in the aftermath of World War II SpVgg was disbanded as were most other organizations in Germany, including sports and football associations. It was not until 1952 that the club was resurrected, in 1972 they were joined by TSV Germania to form an association under the current name SV Wilhelmshaven. The combined club spent its first three seasons in the Regionalliga Nord /2. Bundesliga Nord, but then fell to the third tier Amateur Oberliga Nord. SV was relegated to the Verbandsliga Niedersachsen for the first time in 1980, in 1992 SVW merged with TSR Olympia Wilhelmshaven, but TSR s footballers left to play on their own on the local city circuit. SV Wilhelmshaven performed well in the Oberliga Nord and a championship in 2005–06 returned the team to the Regionalliga Nord. The club finished last there in the season and returned to Oberliga play. SV enjoyed a successful 2007–08 campaign and, on the strength of a third-place finish and it spent six seasons in the Regionalliga until 2014 when it was demoted to the tier six Landesliga Weser-Ems. The clubs suffered another relegation, now to the Bezirksliga, after the 2015–16 season, SV Wilhelmshaven filed a lawsuit against FIFA, the international governing body of football, regarding the signing in 2007 of free transfer Sergio Sagarzazu. Sagarzazu played 38 times for the club over a year and a half, however, Sagarzazus former clubs River Plate and Atletico Excursionistas filed for compensation in the amount of 157,000 Euros, which is allowed under FIFAs regulations. Wilhelmshaven refused to pay, claiming that such fees violated German law, FIFA demanded that the German FA deduct six points from Wilhelmshaven in the 2011-12 season. Despite this deduction, Wilhelmshaven managed to avoid relegation from the Regionalliga Nord, FIFA imposed another six-point deduction in 2012-13 season for lack of payment, but again, Wilhelmshaven avoided relegation as two other teams went bankrupt. FIFA has demanded that the German FA relegate Wilhelmshaven for lack of payment following the 2013-14 season
