1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
3.
G.I. Blues (album)
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Blues is the eleventh album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2256, in October 1960. It is the soundtrack to the 1960 film of the same name starring Presley, Recording sessions took place on April 27 and 28, and May 6,1960, at RCA Victor Studio C and Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California. The album topped the Billboard Top Pop Album chart and it was certified Gold on March 13,1963 and Platinum on March 27,1992 by the Recording Industry Association of America. Music on this album comprised songs that had appeared in the film of the same name, the song Wooden Heart was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it was number one for six weeks. In the United States, Joe Dowell recorded a version of Wooden Heart that topped the Billboard Hot 100. Four songs from this album appear on the 1995 soundtrack compilation Command Performances, The Essential 60s Masters II, blues, Wooden Heart, Shoppin Around, and Doin the Best I Can. Interestingly, the melody for Tonight Is So Right for Love was taken directly from a barcarolle composed by Jacques Offenbach, an American release of Tonights All Right for Love did not occur until it appeared on the compilation album Elvis, A Legendary Performer Volume 1 in 1974. On April 27,1997, RCA remastered the album for compact disc, blues was released on the Follow That Dream label in a 7-inch digi-pack edition featuring a booklet and two CDs containing the original album tracks and numerous alternate takes. A follow-up album, Café Europa, which contained a booklet. This album featured more alternate takes of the G. I, fontana, Frank Bode, Bernie Mattinson – drums LPM-2256 G. I. Blues Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database LSP-2256 G. I, blues Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
4.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
5.
Blue Christmas (song)
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Blue Christmas is a Christmas song written by Billy Hayes and Jay W. Johnson and most famously performed by Elvis Presley. It is a tale of unrequited love during the holidays and is a staple of Christmas music. Both Morgans and Winterhalters versions featured a shorter pop edit of the original lyrics, Elvis Presley cemented the status of Blue Christmas as a rock-and-roll holiday classic by recording it for his 1957 LP Elvis Christmas Album. In addition to contributing to the tone of the song. Presleys original 1957 version was released as a commercially available single for the first time in 1964 and this single was also a hit in the United Kingdom, reaching No.11 on the British singles chart during the week of 26 December 1964. A track on The Beach Boys Christmas Album, the Beach Boys version reached No.3 on the US Christmas charts, but did not chart in the UK. Following the success of Presleys version, the song has been recorded by a host of rock and country artists,1960, The Browns version peaked at No.97 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in December 1960. 2016, The Lumineers did a cover,2016, Black Stone Cherry did a cover
6.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
7.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
8.
Bert Kaempfert
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Berthold Heinrich Kämpfert, better known as Bert Kaempfert, was a German orchestra leader, music producer, and songwriter. He made easy listening and jazz-oriented records and wrote the music for a number of songs, including Strangers in the Night. Kaempfert was born in Hamburg, Germany, where he received his nickname, Fips. A multi-instrumentalist, he was hired by Hans Busch to play with his orchestra before serving as a bandsman in the German Navy during World War II. He later formed his own big band, toured with them, then worked as an arranger and producer, making hit records with Freddy Quinn, in 1961, he hired The Beatles to back Tony Sheridan for an album called My Bonnie. The album and its singles, released by Polydor Records, were the Beatles first commercially released recordings, Kaempferts own first hit with his orchestra had been in 1960, Wonderland by Night. Wonderland by Night couldnt get a hearing in Germany, for Kaempfert, little may have brought him more personal satisfaction than Nat King Cole recording his L-O-V-E. On October 28,1961, a man walked into the store owned by Brian Epstein to ask for a copy of My Bonnie. The store did not have it, but Epstein noted the request and was so intrigued by the idea of a Liverpool band getting a record of its own out, he personally followed up on it. This event led to his discovery of the Beatles and, through his effort, many of Berts tunes became better known as hits for other artists, Strangers in the Night, was originally recorded as part of his score for the 1966 film A Man Could Get Killed. It became a #1 hit for Frank Sinatra in 1966 and this was followed a year later with another hit for Sinatra, The World We Knew. Wooden Heart, sung by Elvis Presley in the film G. I, joe Dowells cover of Wooden Heart became a big hit, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on August 28,1961. Bert arranged this traditional German folk song for the Presley movie and his instrumental Moon Over Naples, when given words by Snyder, became Spanish Eyes, originally a hit for Al Martino and also recorded by Engelbert Humperdinck, Presley, and many others. Danke Schoen, with words added by Kurt Schwabach and Milt Gabler, L-O-V-E, with words added by Milt Gabler, was a hit for Nat King Cole. Almost There, which reached No.67 on the U. S. charts, a jazzier number called A Swingin Safari was the initial theme tune for the long-running TV game show The Match Game used on the NBC version from 1962 to 1967. Billy Vaughns cover of A Swingin Safari also hit the Billboard charts, many of the tracks were later used in the 1969 film An Elephant Called Slowly. Tahitian Sunset was sampled extensively by the lo-fi dance artists Lemon Jelly as their track In the Bath, Kaempferts orchestra made extensive use of horns. The Brass covered Magic Trumpet, and Kaempfert returned the favor by covering Brass compadre Sol Lakes number The Mexican Shuffle, the latter tune evolved into a TV ad, The Teaberry Shuffle
9.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
10.
Are You Lonesome Tonight? (song)
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Are You Lonesome Tonight. is a song which was written by Roy Turk and Lou Handman in 1926. It was recorded several times in 1927—first by Charles Hart, with versions by Vaughn De Leath, Henry Burr. In 1950 the Blue Barron Orchestra version reached the top twenty on the Billboards Pop Singles chart, in April 1960, after Elvis Presleys two-year service in the United States Army, he recorded the song at the suggestion of manager Colonel Tom Parker, Are You Lonesome Tonight. Was Parkers wife, Marie Motts, favorite song and its release was delayed by RCA Victor executives, who thought the song did not fit Presleys new style. Was released in November 1960 it was a success in the U. S. topping Billboards Pop Singles chart. A month after the release, it topped the UK Singles Chart. Presleys version was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1961, was later recorded by several other artists, with versions by Donny Osmond and Merle Haggard becoming top-twenty hits on the pop and country charts respectively. Billboard ranked Are You Lonesome Tonight, number 81 on its Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs list in 2008. The song was written in 1926 by vaudevillians Lou Handman and Roy Turk with three verses, followed by a spoken bridge and they based the bridge on a line in Ruggero Leoncavallos Pagliacci, and You know someone said that the worlds a stage. And each must play a part refers to All the worlds a stage from William Shakespeares As You Like It. This recitation is printed on the back cover of the original 1927 sheet music. Billboard reported in 1960 its discovery that it was written by songwriter, several versions of Are You Lonesome Tonight. The first, by Charles Hart, was recorded on May 9, on June 13, Vaughn De Leath recorded the song as the B-side of Its a Million to One Youre in Love for Edison Records. De Leath had the first hit version of the song, which peaked at four in November. On July 10,1927, the Newport Society Orchestra recorded the song with Irving Kaufman the vocalist, a version by the duet of Jerry Macy and John Ryan was released on Okeh Records as the B-side of Carolina Mine. Henry Burrs version peaked at ten, and Little Jack Little had a hit with the song for Columbia Records. The Carter Family recorded it in 1936, changing several elements of the original version, although Gene Austin included the song in his shows during the 1930s, he never recorded it. In March 1950, the Blue Barron Orchestra released Are You Lonesome Tonight, with Penny Wise and Love Foolish on the B-side, and it peaked at number nineteen on Billboards Top Pop Singles chart
11.
Surrender (Elvis Presley song)
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Surrender is a #1 song recorded by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Music in 1961. It is an adaptation by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman of the music of a 1902 Neapolitan ballad by Giambattista and it hit number one in the US and UK in 1961 and eventually became one of the best selling singles of all time. This was one of 25 songs Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman wrote for Presley and it has been recorded by many other artists. Elvis Presley - vocals The Jordanaires - backing vocals Scotty Moore - electric guitar Hank Garland - acoustic guitar Bob Moore - double bass D. J
12.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
13.
G.I. Blues
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Blues is a 1960 American musical comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Elvis Presley, Juliet Prowse, and Robert Ivers. The movie was filmed at Paramount Pictures studio, with some pre-production scenery shot on location in Germany before Presleys release from the army, the movie reached #2 on the Variety weekly national box office chart in 1960. The movie won a 2nd place or runner-up prize Laurel Award in the category of Top Musical of 1960, U. S. Army Specialist 5 Tulsa McLean is a tank crewman with a singing career. Serving with the 3rd Armored Spearhead Division in West Germany, McLean dreams of running his own nightclub when he leaves the army, Tulsa and his buddies have formed a band and perform in various German Gasthauses, night clubs, and on an Armed Forces stage. In one bar, he discovers the record Blue Suede Shoes sung by someone named Elvis Presley on a jukebox. Dynamite and Turk have vied for women before when the two were stationed in Hawaii, when Dynamite gets transferred to Alaska, Tulsa is brought in to take his place. He is not looking forward to it, but must go through with it, Tulsa uses his Southern charm and calls Lili maam. She at first sees Tulsa as another Occupation Duty GI, then after a day on the Rhine, Lili begins to fall for him. Tulsas friend Cookie, meanwhile, falls in love with Lilis roommate, in the end, Ricks and Marlas baby son Tiger helps Tulsa win the bet for the outfit—and Lilis heart. 5 Tulsa McLean Juliet Prowse as Lili Robert Ivers as PFC Cookie James Douglas as Rick Letícia Román as Tina Sigrid Maier as Marla Scotty Moore as himself D. J. Despite his previous three films being mostly slammed by the critics, they warmed to King Creole and its star, Presley felt confident that he had a future in acting after this praise and he was looking forward to returning to Hollywood after his time in the army. The script was written by Edmund Beloin and Henry Garson, who had done the final revisions for Hal Wallis on Dont Give Up the Ship, in 1958 they came up with an original treatment for an Elvis Presley movie called Christmas in Berlin. It was later known as Cafe Europa before becoming GI Blues, eight months prior to Presley being discharged, in August 1959, producer Hal Wallis visited with him in Germany to go over the script for G. I. Blues and film some on-location scenes, although some scenes were used in the final film, Presley did not film at any time during his time there. Elvis double, Private First Class Tom Creel, was used for some shots, the U. S. Army supplied tanks and vehicles on manoeuvres to be used in the filming, and appointed public information officer John J. Mawn as technical advisor for the film. Mawn had presided over Presleys military press conferences, Presley returned to the U. S. in March 1960 and began work on the film in late April. Hal Wallis originally wanted Michael Curtiz to direct but eventually selected Norman Taurog, dolores Hart, Joan Blackman and Ursula Andress were all tested to play the female lead before deciding on Juliet Prowse. The film, which was not well received by critics, was released on November 23,1960, Presleys return to the screen led to a riot in a Mexico City theater showing G. I
14.
Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino
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The Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino is a hotel and casino in Winchester, Nevada. It is owned by Westgate Resorts and operated by Navegante Group and it has 2,956 hotel rooms, including 305 suites. It opened in 1969 as the International Hotel, and was known for years as the Las Vegas Hilton, then briefly as the LVH – Las Vegas Hotel. It was renamed the Westgate Las Vegas on July 1,2014, the hotel is 30 stories tall with a height of 114.30 meter /375.00 feet. Located on 64 acres, it has a 74,000 square feet casino and is home to the largest sports book in Las Vegas. The hotel is located next to the Las Vegas Convention Center and has its own 200,000 sq ft convention center, the hotel, designed by architect Martin Stern, Jr. was built in 1969 by Kirk Kerkorian and opened originally as the International Hotel. When it opened, the International was the largest hotel in the world, barbra Streisand was the opening-night performer, along with Peggy Lee performing afterwards in the hotels lounge. He broke his own record in February 1970, and again in August 1970. When playing Las Vegas, he lived in the suite, located on the 30th floor. Elvis was due to perform again in 1978, to celebrate the opening of the North tower. His manager, Colonel Tom Parker lived in the hotel on the 4th floor from the 1970s to mid-1980s, the International Hotel was sold to Hilton Hotels Corporation in 1970 and renamed the Las Vegas Hilton in 1971. Liberace headlined in the showroom during the 1970s, drawing sold-out crowds twice per night, when he signed his contract at the Hilton in 1972 he earned $300,000 per week, a record amount for individual entertainers in Las Vegas. The Las Vegas Hilton was the site in 1978 where Leon Spinks defeated Muhammad Ali for the World Heavyweight Championship and it was also the site in which Mike Tyson defeated Tony Tucker to unify and become the Undisputed Heavyweight Champion in 1986. Also, Donald Curry defeated Milton McCrory at the Las Vegas Hilton to unify, in 1998, Hilton Hotels Corporation split their properties and stock into two different companies. Shortly after the split, Hilton Gaming Company merged with Bally Entertainment Corporation, the company was renamed Park Place Entertainment. In 2000, Park Place Entertainment purchased Caesars World, in 2003 Park Place Entertainment changed their name to Caesars Entertainment. In 2004, Caesars Entertainment sold the Las Vegas Hilton to Colony Capital LLC for $280 million, Colony Capital transferred the property to its subsidiary, Resorts International Holdings. The Las Vegas Hilton became Resorts Internationals anchor property, with their office located on the second floor of the east tower
15.
Cover version
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A cover version can also refer to a rerecording of a song by the original artist or performers under a different record company. Originally, Billboard and other magazines that track the popularity of artists and hit tunes measured the sales success of the published tune. Later, they tracked the airplay that songs achieved, some versions being more successful recording than the original song. Before the onset of rock n roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be out by singers of the day. The Hendrix version, released six months after Dylans original, became a Top 10 single in the UK in 1968 and was ranked 48th in Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The term cover goes back decades when cover version originally described a version of a tune recorded to compete with the recently released version. The Chicago Tribune described the term in 1952, trade jargon meaning to record a tune that looks like a hit on someone elses label. Examples of records covered include Paul Williams 1949 hit tune The Hucklebuck, both crossed over to the popular Hit Parade and had numerous hit versions. In fact, one of the objects of publishing sheet music was to have a composition performed by as many artists as possible. In previous generations, some artists made very successful careers of presenting revivals or reworkings of once-popular tunes, musicians now play what they call cover versions of songs as a tribute to the original performer or group. Using familiar material is an important method of learning music styles, until the mid-1960s most albums, or long playing records, contained a large number of evergreens or standards to present a fuller range of the artists abilities and style. Artists might also perform interpretations of a favorite artists hit tunes for the pleasure of playing a familiar song or collection of tunes. A cover band plays cover versions exclusively. Some tribute acts salute the Who, The Rolling Stones and many classic rock acts. Many tribute acts target artists who remain popular but no longer perform, many tribute bands attempt to recreate another bands music as faithfully as possible, but some such bands introduce a twist. Dread Zeppelin performs reggae versions of the Zeppelin catalog and Beatallica creates heavy metal fusions of songs by the Beatles, there are also situations in which a member of a tribute band will go on to greater success, sometimes with the original act they tribute. One notable example is Tim Ripper Owens who, once the singer of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel. Cover acts or bands are entertainers who perform a variety of crowd-pleasing cover songs for audiences who enjoy the familiarity of hit songs
16.
Smash Records
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Smash Records was an American record label founded in 1961 as a subsidiary of Mercury Records by Mercury executive Shelby Singleton and run by Singleton with Charlie Fach. Fach took over after Singleton left Mercury in 1966 and its recording artists included Frankie Valli, James Brown, Bruce Channel, Roger Miller, The Left Banke, Bill Justis and Jerry Lee Lewis. A dispute with King Records led Brown to release all of his bands instrumental recordings between 1964 and 1967 on Smash, Smash also released three of Browns vocal recordings, including his 1964 proto-funk single Out of Sight. Smash shared the numbering system for their singles with other labels that they distributed, the most important of these was Fontana Records. Mercury discontinued the Smash label in 1970, Mercury label owner PolyGram used the Smash imprint for reissues in the 1980s. PolyGram revived Smash in 1991 as an R&B/dance label with its offices located in Chicago and it was first under the PolyGram Label Group umbrella, then under the Independent Label Sales umbrella, then under Island Records until the imprint was retired in 1996. One of the hits Smash saw during this period was People Are Still Having Sex by house music producer LaTour, another successful artist on the dance charts was Jamie Principle
17.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
18.
Friedrich Silcher
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Philipp Friedrich Silcher, was a German composer, mainly known for his lieder, and an important folksong collector. Silcher was meant to be a teacher, but dedicated himself entirely to music in the seminary in Ludwigsburg after he met Carl Maria von Weber. He was taught composition and piano by Conradin Kreutzer and Johann Nepomuk Hummel, in 1817 he was named musical director at the University of Tübingen. He is regarded as one of the most important protagonists of choir singing and he arranged many German and international folk songs that even today remain standard repertoire of many choirs in Germany and became an integral part of German daily life. In 1829 Silcher founded the Akademische Liedertafel in Tübingen and directed it until his death and he was married to Luise Rosine Ensslin. They had two daughters and one son, a wine varietal was named after him, the Silcher. The asteroid 10055 Silcher also bears the composers name
19.
Muss i denn
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Muss i denn or Muss i denn, muss i denn zum Städtele hinaus is a traditional German song in the Swabian German dialect. The present form dates back to 1827, when it was written, Muss i denn is about a soldier having to leave the woman he loves and vowing to remain faithful until he is back to marry her. It first appeared on page sixteen of Friedrich Silchers collection of songs titled Collected Folk Songs Adapted to Four Male Voices. The origin of the song, however, is obscure and the text was not recorded. Silcher mentioned to Ludwig Uhland though that the melody was an old melody from Württemberg, the song became famous beginning in the mid 19th century. It soon was especially well-liked among the German military as well as among excursion groups and it also became popular among German merchant seamen as a capstan shanty, and has been played as a Naval quick march since the days of the Kaiserliche Marine. An early English translation titled Must I, then, from the town must I, then. Was made by Henry William Dulcken in 1856, some Muss i denn versions were widely popularized in the 20th century, those interpreted by German American actress Marlene Dietrich and by Greek singer Nana Mouskouri deserve mention. Tobias Widmaier, Von Silcher zu Elvis, katalog zur Großen Landesaustellung Baden-Württemberg 2010, edited by the Badischen Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. August Holder, Muss i denn, muss i denn zum Städtele naus, ein schwäbischer Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte der Volksliederdichtung. Lili Marleen Muss i denn - Heimat und Volkslied Obernkirchen Childrens Choir - Muß I Denn Zum Städtele Hinaus
20.
Rems
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The Rems is a right tributary of the Neckar in eastern Baden-Württemberg. Its source is in Essingen, near Aalen and it flows generally west through the towns Böbingen an der Rems, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Lorch, Plüderhausen, Schorndorf, Remshalden and Waiblingen. At Remseck the Rems flows into the Neckar
21.
Swabian German
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Swabian is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German. It is spoken in Swabia, which much of the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, including its capital. It is also spoken in the area known as the Swabian Alb. Swabian is also spoken by the Danube Swabian population of Hungary. Swabian is difficult to understand for speakers of Standard German, not just because of its pronunciation, for example, strawberry jam in Standard German is Erdbeermarmelade while in Swabian it is Bräschdlingsgsälz. The expression is used in a way to describe a small unit of measure and is deemed appropriate to use in front of small children. German broadcaster SWRs childrens website, Kindernetz, explained the meaning of Muggeseggele in their Swabian dictionary in the Swabian-based TV series Ein Fall für B. A. R. Z, the ending -ad is used for verbs in the first person plural. With the addition of this -le, the article of the noun automatically becomes das in the German language, the Swabian -le is the same as standard German -lein or -chen, but is used, arguably, more often in Swabian. A small house is a Häuschen in Standard German, a Heisle in Swabian, zug becomes Zigle Haus becomes Heisle Kerl becomes Kerle Mädchen becomes Mädle Baum becomes Baimle In some regions -la for plural is used. Many surnames in Swabia are also made to end in -le, articles are often pronounced as dr, d and s. The ch is sometimes omitted or replaced, similarly, a subtle but very prominent cue carrying over is the fact that the letter s is always pronounced voiceless - there is no voiced s in Swabian. While this should be obvious to northern Germans, Swabian speakers are most often very unaware about this even while tending to speak perfect standard German in all other aspects. Swabian is categorized as an Alemannic dialect, which in turn is one of the two types of Upper German dialects, the ISO 639-3 language code for Swabian is swg. The Swabian dialect is composed of numerous sub-dialects, each of which has its own variations and these sub-dialects can be categorized by the difference in the formation of the past participle of sein into gwäa and gsei. The Gsei group is nearer to other Alemannic dialects, such as Swiss German and it can be divided into South-East Swabian, West Swabian and Central Swabian. The Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Commerce launched a campaign with the slogan Wir können alles. Except Standard German to boost Swabian pride for their dialect and industrial achievements, however, it failed to impress Northern Germans and neighboring Baden. Dominik Kuhn became famous in Germany with schwäbisch fandub videos, dubbing among others Barack Obama with German dialect vocals, sebastian Sailer August Lämmle Josef Eberle Thaddäus Troll Hellmut G. Haasis Peter Schlack Muss i denn Streck, Tobias
22.
Marlene Dietrich
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Marie Magdalene Marlene Dietrich was a German actress and singer who held both German and American citizenship. Throughout her unusually long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, in the 1920s in Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel brought her international fame, Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as Morocco, Shanghai Express, and Desire. She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she still made occasional films after the war, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was noted for her efforts during the war, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received honors from the United States, France, Belgium. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema, Dietrich was born on 27 December 1901 on Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin. She was the younger of two daughters of Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine and Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898, Dietrichs mother was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and clock making firm. Her father was a lieutenant who died in 1907. Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrichs surname was never von Losch, Dietrichs family nicknamed her Lena and Lene. Around age 11, she contracted her two first names to form the name Marlene, Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls School from 1907 to 1917 and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule in 1918. She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed by a wrist injury and she was fired after only four weeks. Her earliest professional stage appearances were as a girl on tour with Guido Thielschers Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments. She did not attract any attention at first. She made her film debut playing a bit part in the film The Little Napoleon and she met her future husband, Rudolf Sieber, on the set of Tragödie der Liebe in 1923. Dietrich and Sieber were married in a ceremony in Berlin on 17 May 1923
23.
Lili Marleen
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Lili Marleen is a German love song performed by Lale Andersen which became popular during World War II throughout Europe and the Mediterranean among both Axis and Allied troops. Written in 1915 as a poem, the song was published in 1937 and was first recorded by Lale Andersen in 1939 as Das Mädchen unter der Laterne. The words were written in 1915 as a poem of three verses by Hans Leip, a teacher from Hamburg who had been conscripted into the Imperial German Army. Leip reportedly combined the nickname of his friends girlfriend, Lili, with the name of another friend, Marleen, the poem was later published in 1937 as Das Lied eines jungen Soldaten auf der Wacht, with two further verses added. It was set to music by Norbert Schultze in 1938 and recorded by Lale Andersen for the first time in 1939, in early 1942 she recorded the song in English, the lyrics translated by Norman Baillie-Stewart, a former British army officer working for the German Auslandssendedienst. Tommie Connor also wrote English lyrics with the title Lily of the Lamplight in 1944, while on leave in Vienna, a lieutenant working at the station was asked to collect a pile of second-hand records from the Reich radio station. Among them was Lili Marleen sung by Lale Andersen, which up till then had sold around 700 copies, karl-Heinz Reintgen, the German officer in charge of the station, began playing the song on the air. For lack of recordings, Radio Belgrade played the song frequently. At one point the Nazi governments propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, Radio Belgrade received letters from Axis soldiers all over Europe asking them to play Lili Marleen again. Erwin Rommel, commander of the Afrika Korps, admired the song, Goebbels reluctantly changed his mind, and from then on the tune was used to sign-off the broadcast at 9,55 PM. The song was published in South Africa, in a leaflet, with an anonymous English translation, as Lili Marleen, The Theme Song of the Eighth Army. Lale Andersen was awarded a gold disc for one million sales. It is thought she was awarded her copy after hostilities ended, hMVs copy was discarded during renovations to their Oxford Street store in the 1960s, but the disc was recovered and is now in a private collection. Many Allied soldiers made a point of listening to the song at the end of the day, the continent of Europe seemed a long way away. I wondered when I would see it again and what it would be like by the time we got there. The next year, parachuted into the Yugoslav guerrilla war, Maclean wrote, Sometimes at night, before going to sleep, we would turn on our receiving set and listen to Radio Belgrade. For months now, the flower of the Afrika Korps had been languishing behind the wire of Allied prison camps. But still, punctually at ten oclock, came Lale Andersen singing their special song, but, now it had become our ultimate goal, which Lili Marlene and her nostalgic little tune seemed somehow to symbolise
24.
Philips Records
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Not to be confused with Phillips International Records. Philips Records is a label that was founded by the Dutch electronics company Philips. In 1946 Philips acquired the company which pressed records for British Deccas Dutch outlet in Amsterdam, the record label was started by Philips Phonographische Industrie in June 1950 when it began issuing classical recordings. Recordings were also made with artists of various nationalities and with classical artists from Germany, France. Launched under the slogan Records of the Century, the first releases in Britain appeared at the beginning of January 1953 on 1078 rpm discs, Philips also distributed recordings made by the Columbia Records in the UK and on the European continent. After the separation of the English Columbia label and American Columbia, the first single on the label to chart was Frankie Laines I Believe, which reached the No.1 chart position in the UK that April. Many of the first British recordings on the label were produced by Norman Newell until John Franz was appointed artists, in 1958 Philips created a subsidiary label, Fontana Records, which meant that American-Columbia recordings were being issued on both the Philips and Fontana labels. This arrangement lasted until April 1962 when, under pressure from Columbia in America, Philips then created a label for them. In late 1964, under the stewardship of U. S. President of Columbia Records Goddard Lieberson, CBS Records formed its own international operations, CBS Records set up their UK operation in Theobalds Road in Holborn. Singles and albums on the Philips and Fontana labels by Columbia-owned product were subsequently withdrawn, in 1962, Philips Records and Deutsche Grammophon formed the Grammophon-Philips Group joint venture, which later became PolyGram in 1972. UK pressings were manufactured at the large factory based at Walthamstow in N. E. In 1961, after Philips lost its North American distribution deal with Columbia Records, a year later, Philips US affiliate Consolidated Electronics Industries Corp. bought Mercury and its subsidiary labels, such as Smash. Philips classical, jazz and pop records were marketed by Mercury in the US under the Philips label, the Mercury Living Presence team also made classical recordings for Philips, in July 1961. 69 for cello and piano by Richter and Rostropovich, classical groups that Philips heavily recorded included the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Beaux Arts Trio, and the Quartetto Italiano. Violinist Arthur Grumiaux and the pianist Claudio Arrau were under contract to Philips, symphony orchestras under contract, including the LSO, were under the command of prestigious young conductors such as Colin Davis and Bernard Haitink. From 1961 until the late 1980s, Philips Records issued many classical titles in US-specific packaging, the records were pressed at Mercurys plant in Richmond, Indiana, and mastered in New York by George Piros at Fine Recording, using 2-track and mono master tapes provided by Philips. These releases were the PHS900 xxx series for stereo and the 500 xxx series for mono, clair Van Ausdal in Mercurys New York office oversaw the Philips classical US releases through the mid-1960s. These records were made through Mercurys existing jazz operations and produced by Jack Tracy, in addition to jazz and classical music, Philips also became a major player in the world of rock and pop music in the late 1950s till late 1970s
25.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
26.
Bobby Vinton
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Stanley Robert Bobby Vinton, Jr. is an American singer and songwriter. In pop music circles, he known as The Polish Prince of Poch. Known for his vocals in love songs, his most popular song, Blue Velvet, peaked at number 1 on the now renamed Billboard Pop Singles Chart. It also served as inspiration for the film of the same name, Vinton is the only child of locally popular bandleader Stan Vinton and Dorothy Studzinski Vinton. He is of Polish and Lithuanian descent, the family surname was originally Vintula, and was changed by Vintons father. Vintons parents encouraged their sons interest in music by giving him his daily 25 cent allowance after he had practised the clarinet, at 16, Vinton formed his first band, which played clubs around the Pittsburgh area. With the money he earned, he helped finance his education at Duquesne University. While at Duquesne, he became proficient on all of the instruments in the band, piano, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, drums, and oboe. When Vinton became a musician, it was common for people to become confused with the bands of father and son. Vintons father suggested his son use his name of Robert professionally to clear up the confusion. Vintons birthplace of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania is also the birthplace of Perry Como, joey Powers was born in nearby Washington, Pennsylvania, and at one time played in a band with Vinton. Vintons hometown named two streets, Bobby Vinton Boulevard and the shorter adjoining Bobby Vinton Drive, in his honor and these streets were built in the late 1970s, prior attempts to name a residential street after him failed. The residents did not care for the singer always using Pittsburgh as his town on TV interviews. Como always claimed Canonsburg as his hometown, so hundreds of people changed their address when the town renamed a street in the east end after Perry Como. The Canonsburg town fathers had plans to erect a statue in Vintons honor, after two years service in the United States Army, where he served as a chaplains assistant, Vinton was signed to Epic Records in 1960 as a bandleader, A Young Man With a Big Band. The break for the Epic Records contract had come after Vinton, however, two albums and several singles were not successful, and with Epic ready to pull the plug, Vinton found his first hit single literally sitting in a reject pile. The song was titled Roses Are Red, Vinton had to do his own promotion for the song, he bought one thousand copies and hired a young woman to deliver a copy of the record and a dozen red roses to every local DJ. It spent four weeks at one on the Billboard Hot 100
27.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
28.
British Hit Singles & Albums
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British Hit Singles & Albums was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment and it listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums, the publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2008. A new version of the published by Virgin and entitled The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice, Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts, British Hit Singles & Albums was generally considered to be the authoritative reference source for both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952, listing them in alphabetical order, the entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists chart details, the books sources are the New Musical Express chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the Record Retailer chart thereafter. Other records to which this applies include 19th Nervous Breakdown by The Rolling Stones, Stranger on the Shore by Acker Bilk and the Eurovision Song Contest entry Are You Sure by The Allisons. Co-founder Jo Rice has defended the choice of source material on the grounds that Record Retailer was the only chart to consistently publish a Top 50 from 1960 onwards. As a result, the placings in that chart were more open to error, the first edition was published as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles in July 1977. It wasnt the first Guinness music reference publication, as the year a book called The Guinness Book of Music Facts & Feats had been published. It also contained feats from the world of classical music, the first edition was issued to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the first UK singles sales chart, which was published in November 1952, by the New Musical Express. Subsequently, a new edition was published two years, adding a few hundred titles to each edition. 1 hits, Most weeks on chart or Least successful chart artist, also included in the books were photographs and introductions written by the four authors. They also wrote a bi-annual lookback on the developments in the UK charts in the two preceding years. The series was regarded as the number one source for music and chart reference, thanks to the commercial success of the books. The series 10th edition, published in June 1995, was the last to feature its original authors Rice, Rice and Gambaccini
29.
Discogs
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Discogs, short for discographies, is a website and crowdsourced database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases. The Discogs servers, currently hosted under the domain name discogs. com, are owned by Zink Media, Inc. and are located in Portland, Oregon, US. While the site lists releases in all genres and on all formats, it is known as the largest online database of electronic music releases. Discogs currently contains over 8 million releases, by nearly 4 and he was inspired by the success of community-built sites such as Slashdot, eBay, and Open Directory Project, and decided to use this model for a music discography database. The sites original goal was to build the most comprehensive database of music, organized around the artists, labels. In 2003 the Discogs system was rewritten, and in January 2004 it began to support other genres. Since then, it has expanded to include rock and jazz in January 2005 and funk/soul, Latin, in January 2006 blues and non-music were added. On 30 June 2004, Discogs published a report, which included information about the number of its contributors and this report claimed that Discogs had 15,788 contributors and 260,789 releases. On 20 July 2007 a new system for sellers was introduced on the site called Market Price History. However, at the beginning of 2008, the Market Price History was also free of charge for all users. In late 2014, the company released two new beta websites, gearogs lets users add and track music equipment like synths, drum machines, and other electronic music making equipment. At the start of 2015, the company began another beta project — Bibliogs, users can submit information about their books, physical or electronic, different versions and editions, and also connect different credits to these books. 21,000 books were submitted by the end of 2016, the project remains in its beta phase. The license has since changed to a public domain one. Prior to the advent of this license and API, Discogs data was only accessible via the Discogs web sites HTML interface and was intended to be viewed only using web browsers, the HTML interface remains the only authorized way to modify Discogs data. On 7 June 2011 version 2 of the API was released, notable in this release was that a license key was no longer required, the default response was changed from XML to JSON, and the 5000 queries per day limit was removed. On 1 November 2011 a major update to version 2 of the API was released and this new release dropped support for XML, data is always returned in JSON format, however the monthly data dumps of new data are only provided in XML format. Additionally the Premium API service was dropped, on 24 June 2014 Discogs deprecated their XML API in lieu of a JSON-formatted API
30.
Elvis Presley singles discography
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The discography of Elvis Presley starts on July 19,1954, with the release of his first commercial single, and ends in February 1978. All other releases are included in the sections, and obviously all compact disc box sets were also released after Presleys death. In August 1992, he was awarded with 110 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums and singles, according to Presleys record label, RCA, he is the best selling artist of all time, with sales over 1 billion records worldwide in all formats. Both of these claims were disputed by music historian Joel Whitburn, Whitburn lists Elvis as having 18 number 1 hits and 38 top ten hits. Elvis Presley Enterprises claims Elvis had 40 top ten hits, the differences depend on whether a double-sided hit single is counted as one hit single, or two hit songs. Before the age of compact discs and digital downloads, singles were released on vinyl 45 RPM records. Both songs of many Elvis singles became hits and were listed on the charts, Hound Dog / Dont Be Cruel was a double sided hit single that topped the Billboard Sales chart for 11 weeks in 1956. At the time, Hound Dog was listed as the number 1 A-side for the first five weeks, now Billboard lists it as a single double sided hit. This article lists Elvis Presley’s hits, both A-sides and B-sides, on the Billboard singles charts, as well as rival music publications, Cash Box, another measure of an artist’s popular impact is sales. Elvis Presley Enterprises has disputed the RIAA’s claim, pointing out several omissions in the RIAA’s figures. The RIAA bases its claim on album sales only, and does not include sales in determining the highest selling solo artist. While Elvis’ album sales are significant, his sales were also significant as can be seen in the tables below. During much of Elvis’ career in the 1950s and 1960s, single sales were considered the market for the industry. It was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that albums became the market for the industry. RIAA does not certify sales of less than 500,000 units for albums, Elvis has had numerous albums and singles which have sold hundreds of thousands of units each but have not reached the 500,000 threshold. Taken together, these could add up to millions in sales that are not recognized by the RIAA. RIAA sales certifications are not automatic, the record company must pay a fee and request an audit from the RIAA in order to certify sales. During Elvis’ life, RCA submitted few of Elvis’ recordings for RIAA certification, instead of paying for RIAA certification, RCA and other companies would simply award their own “Gold Record” to artists based on their internal sales figures
31.
That's All Right
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Thats All Right is a song written and originally performed by blues singer Arthur Crudup. It is best known as the first single recorded and released by Elvis Presley, Presleys version was recorded on July 5,1954, and released on July 19,1954 with Blue Moon of Kentucky as the B-side. It is #113 on the 2010 Rolling Stone magazine list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, in July 2004, exactly 50 years after its first issuing, the song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it debuted and peaked at Number 3. The song was written by Arthur Big Boy Crudup, and originally recorded by him in Chicago on September 6,1946, some of the lyrics are traditional blues verses first recorded by Blind Lemon Jefferson in 1926. Crudups recording was released as a single on RCA Victor 20-2205, at the same session, he recorded a virtually identical tune with different lyrics, I Dont Know It, which was also released as a single. In early March 1949, the song was rereleased under the title, Thats All Right, Mama, Elvis Presleys version was recorded in July 1954. Its catalogue number was Sun 209, the label reads Thats All Right, and names the performers as Elvis Presley, Scotty and Bill. Arthur Crudup was credited as the composer on the label of Presleys single, an out-of-court settlement was supposed to pay Crudup an estimated $60,000 in back royalties, but never materialized. Crudup had used lines in his song that had been present in earlier blues recordings, a country music version by Marty Robbins peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1955. Black began joining in on his bass, and soon they were joined by Moore on guitar. Producer Sam Phillips, taken aback by this sudden upbeat atmosphere, blacks bass and guitars from Presley and Moore provided the instrumentation. The recording contains no drums or additional instruments, the song was produced in the style of a live recording. The following evening the trio recorded Blue Moon of Kentucky in a similar style, the recording session was Presleys fifth visit to the Sun Studio. His first two visits, the summer of 1953 and January 1954, had been private recordings, followed by two more visits in the summer of 1954, upon finishing the recording session, according to Scotty Moore, Bill Black remarked, Damn. Get that on the radio and theyll run us out of town, Sam Phillips gave copies of the record to local disc jockeys Dewey Phillips of WHBQ, Uncle Richard of WMPS, and Sleepy Eyed John Lepley of WHHM. On July 7,1954, Dewey Phillips played Thats All Right on his radio show Red. On hearing the news that Dewey was going to play his record, interest in the record was so intense that Dewey reportedly played the record 14 times and received over 40 telephone calls. Presley was persuaded to go to the station for an interview that night
32.
Blue Moon of Kentucky
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Blue Moon of Kentucky is a waltz written in 1946 by bluegrass musician Bill Monroe and recorded by his band, the Blue Grass Boys. The song has since recorded by many artists, including Elvis Presley. In 2003 the song was chosen to be added to the United States Library of Congress National Recording Registry, Blue Moon is the official bluegrass song of Kentucky. In 2002, Monroes version was one of 50 recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry, in 2003, CMT ranked Blue Moon number 11 in its list of 100 Greatest Songs in Country Music. Bill Monroe wrote the song in 1946, recording it for Columbia Records on September 16 and it was released in early 1947. At the time, the Bluegrass Boys included vocalist and guitarist Lester Flatt and banjoist Earl Scruggs, who would form their own bluegrass band. Both Flatt and Scruggs performed on the recording, although Bill Monroe supplied the vocals on this song, the song, described as a bluegrass waltz, had become a United States wide hit by 1947 and also became enormously popular with other bluegrass, country and early rockabilly acts. The song was revered by the Grand Ole Opry and others, the search for another song to release along with Thats All Right at Sun Records in July 1954 led to Blue Moon of Kentucky via Bill Black. According to Scotty Moore, We all of us knew we needed something. Elvis joins in with him, starts playing and singing along with him. Presley, Moore and Black, with the encouragement of Sam Phillips, transformed Monroes slow waltz, in 3/4 time, into an upbeat, after an early rendition of the song, Sun Records owner Sam Phillips exclaimed, BOY, thats fine, thats fine. As with all of the Presley records issued by Sun, the artists were listed and stylized as ELVIS PRESLEY SCOTTY and BILL. The same night that Dewey Phillips first played the flip side of this first release of Presleys music on WHBQ, Thats All Right, bob Neal of WMPS played the record too. The pop jockeys, entranced by something new, began slipping Thats All Right and Blue Moon of Kentucky in amongst the easy listening pop of Teresa Brewer, Nat Cole, Tony Bennett and others. With Presleys version of Monroes song consistently rated higher, both began to chart across the Southern United States. Billboard has the song listed only in Memphis, and as number 6 with Thats All Right at number 7 on October 9 in the C&W Territorial Best Sellers. By October 23, Blue Moon was in the top 10 in Memphis, Nashville, fellow Sun Records artist Charlie Feathers has often claimed that he came up with the arrangement of the song used by Presley. The song was used in a scene of the 2005 TV miniseries Elvis. In 1954, the Stanley Brothers recorded a version of the song using Presleys 4/4 arrangement with bluegrass instrumentation, neatly bridging the stylistic gap between Monroes and Presleys approaches
33.
Good Rocking Tonight
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Good Rocking Tonight was originally a jump blues song released in 1947 by its writer, Roy Brown and was covered by many other recording artists. The song includes the refrain, Well I heard the news. The song anticipated elements of rock and roll music, Brown had first offered his song to Wynonie Harris, who turned it down. He then approached Cecil Gant later that night, but after hearing Brown sing, Gant made a 2,30 AM phone call to Jules Braun, after Roy Brown sang his song over the phone, Braun asked Brown to sing it a second time. He then told Gant, Give him fifty dollars and dont let him out of your sight, five weeks later, Brown recorded the song for DeLuxe Records. Only after Browns record had gained traction in New Orleans did Harris decide to cover it, harriss version was even more energetic than Browns original version, featuring black gospel style handclapping. This may have contributed to the greater success on the national R&B chart. Browns original recording hit #13 of the Billboard R&B chart, but Harris record became a #1 R&B hit, Browns single would re-enter the chart in 1949, peaking at #11. Harris had a reputation for carousing, and sometimes forgot lyrics, the song is a primer of sorts on the popular black music of the era, making lyrical reference to Sweet Lorraine, Sioux City Sue, Sweet Georgia Brown, Caldonia, Elder Brown, and Deacon Jones. All of these characters had figured prominently in previous hit songs, while Brown missed out on the biggest hit version of his song, its success kicked off his own career, which included two #1 R&B hits. In 1949, he released Rockin at Midnight, a sequel to Good Rockin Tonight and it reached #2 on the R&B chart, where it remained for a month. In 1954, Good Rockin Tonight was the second Sun Records release by Elvis Presley, along with I Dont Care if the Sun Dont Shine on the flip side. Presley and his bandmates hewed closer to the original Roy Brown version, described as a flat-out rocker country radio programmers blanched, and older audiences were somewhat mystified. A live show broadcast from Houston DJ Bill Collies club documented that the crowd responded to the song. Blue Moon of Kentucky, the version of the Bill Monroe classic, has the fans go stark raving nuts with joy. Both sides of this second record featuring Elvis Presley, Scotty, the song was used for the biopic Elvis, which starred Jonathan Rhys-Meyers as Presley, it was used for a montage sequence where he is performing at the Louisiana Hayride in 1954. Carl Perkins in 1958 on his album Whole Lotta Shakin, link Wray in 1965 under the name Good Rockin Tonight. Paul McCartney recorded the song for the Unplugged album, montrose recorded the song for their 1973 self-titled debut album
