1.
Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Elvis Presley
–
Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
3.
G.I. Blues (album)
–
Blues is the eleventh album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2256, in October 1960. It is the soundtrack to the 1960 film of the same name starring Presley, Recording sessions took place on April 27 and 28, and May 6,1960, at RCA Victor Studio C and Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California. The album topped the Billboard Top Pop Album chart and it was certified Gold on March 13,1963 and Platinum on March 27,1992 by the Recording Industry Association of America. Music on this album comprised songs that had appeared in the film of the same name, the song Wooden Heart was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it was number one for six weeks. In the United States, Joe Dowell recorded a version of Wooden Heart that topped the Billboard Hot 100. Four songs from this album appear on the 1995 soundtrack compilation Command Performances, The Essential 60s Masters II, blues, Wooden Heart, Shoppin Around, and Doin the Best I Can. Interestingly, the melody for Tonight Is So Right for Love was taken directly from a barcarolle composed by Jacques Offenbach, an American release of Tonights All Right for Love did not occur until it appeared on the compilation album Elvis, A Legendary Performer Volume 1 in 1974. On April 27,1997, RCA remastered the album for compact disc, blues was released on the Follow That Dream label in a 7-inch digi-pack edition featuring a booklet and two CDs containing the original album tracks and numerous alternate takes. A follow-up album, Café Europa, which contained a booklet. This album featured more alternate takes of the G. I, fontana, Frank Bode, Bernie Mattinson – drums LPM-2256 G. I. Blues Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database LSP-2256 G. I, blues Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
4.
A-side and B-side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
5.
Blue Christmas (song)
–
Blue Christmas is a Christmas song written by Billy Hayes and Jay W. Johnson and most famously performed by Elvis Presley. It is a tale of unrequited love during the holidays and is a staple of Christmas music. Both Morgans and Winterhalters versions featured a shorter pop edit of the original lyrics, Elvis Presley cemented the status of Blue Christmas as a rock-and-roll holiday classic by recording it for his 1957 LP Elvis Christmas Album. In addition to contributing to the tone of the song. Presleys original 1957 version was released as a commercially available single for the first time in 1964 and this single was also a hit in the United Kingdom, reaching No.11 on the British singles chart during the week of 26 December 1964. A track on The Beach Boys Christmas Album, the Beach Boys version reached No.3 on the US Christmas charts, but did not chart in the UK. Following the success of Presleys version, the song has been recorded by a host of rock and country artists,1960, The Browns version peaked at No.97 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in December 1960. 2016, The Lumineers did a cover,2016, Black Stone Cherry did a cover
6.
Songwriter
–
A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Bert Kaempfert
–
Berthold Heinrich Kämpfert, better known as Bert Kaempfert, was a German orchestra leader, music producer, and songwriter. He made easy listening and jazz-oriented records and wrote the music for a number of songs, including Strangers in the Night. Kaempfert was born in Hamburg, Germany, where he received his nickname, Fips. A multi-instrumentalist, he was hired by Hans Busch to play with his orchestra before serving as a bandsman in the German Navy during World War II. He later formed his own big band, toured with them, then worked as an arranger and producer, making hit records with Freddy Quinn, in 1961, he hired The Beatles to back Tony Sheridan for an album called My Bonnie. The album and its singles, released by Polydor Records, were the Beatles first commercially released recordings, Kaempferts own first hit with his orchestra had been in 1960, Wonderland by Night. Wonderland by Night couldnt get a hearing in Germany, for Kaempfert, little may have brought him more personal satisfaction than Nat King Cole recording his L-O-V-E. On October 28,1961, a man walked into the store owned by Brian Epstein to ask for a copy of My Bonnie. The store did not have it, but Epstein noted the request and was so intrigued by the idea of a Liverpool band getting a record of its own out, he personally followed up on it. This event led to his discovery of the Beatles and, through his effort, many of Berts tunes became better known as hits for other artists, Strangers in the Night, was originally recorded as part of his score for the 1966 film A Man Could Get Killed. It became a #1 hit for Frank Sinatra in 1966 and this was followed a year later with another hit for Sinatra, The World We Knew. Wooden Heart, sung by Elvis Presley in the film G. I, joe Dowells cover of Wooden Heart became a big hit, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on August 28,1961. Bert arranged this traditional German folk song for the Presley movie and his instrumental Moon Over Naples, when given words by Snyder, became Spanish Eyes, originally a hit for Al Martino and also recorded by Engelbert Humperdinck, Presley, and many others. Danke Schoen, with words added by Kurt Schwabach and Milt Gabler, L-O-V-E, with words added by Milt Gabler, was a hit for Nat King Cole. Almost There, which reached No.67 on the U. S. charts, a jazzier number called A Swingin Safari was the initial theme tune for the long-running TV game show The Match Game used on the NBC version from 1962 to 1967. Billy Vaughns cover of A Swingin Safari also hit the Billboard charts, many of the tracks were later used in the 1969 film An Elephant Called Slowly. Tahitian Sunset was sampled extensively by the lo-fi dance artists Lemon Jelly as their track In the Bath, Kaempferts orchestra made extensive use of horns. The Brass covered Magic Trumpet, and Kaempfert returned the favor by covering Brass compadre Sol Lakes number The Mexican Shuffle, the latter tune evolved into a TV ad, The Teaberry Shuffle
8.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Are You Lonesome Tonight? (song)
–
Are You Lonesome Tonight. is a song which was written by Roy Turk and Lou Handman in 1926. It was recorded several times in 1927—first by Charles Hart, with versions by Vaughn De Leath, Henry Burr. In 1950 the Blue Barron Orchestra version reached the top twenty on the Billboards Pop Singles chart, in April 1960, after Elvis Presleys two-year service in the United States Army, he recorded the song at the suggestion of manager Colonel Tom Parker, Are You Lonesome Tonight. Was Parkers wife, Marie Motts, favorite song and its release was delayed by RCA Victor executives, who thought the song did not fit Presleys new style. Was released in November 1960 it was a success in the U. S. topping Billboards Pop Singles chart. A month after the release, it topped the UK Singles Chart. Presleys version was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1961, was later recorded by several other artists, with versions by Donny Osmond and Merle Haggard becoming top-twenty hits on the pop and country charts respectively. Billboard ranked Are You Lonesome Tonight, number 81 on its Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs list in 2008. The song was written in 1926 by vaudevillians Lou Handman and Roy Turk with three verses, followed by a spoken bridge and they based the bridge on a line in Ruggero Leoncavallos Pagliacci, and You know someone said that the worlds a stage. And each must play a part refers to All the worlds a stage from William Shakespeares As You Like It. This recitation is printed on the back cover of the original 1927 sheet music. Billboard reported in 1960 its discovery that it was written by songwriter, several versions of Are You Lonesome Tonight. The first, by Charles Hart, was recorded on May 9, on June 13, Vaughn De Leath recorded the song as the B-side of Its a Million to One Youre in Love for Edison Records. De Leath had the first hit version of the song, which peaked at four in November. On July 10,1927, the Newport Society Orchestra recorded the song with Irving Kaufman the vocalist, a version by the duet of Jerry Macy and John Ryan was released on Okeh Records as the B-side of Carolina Mine. Henry Burrs version peaked at ten, and Little Jack Little had a hit with the song for Columbia Records. The Carter Family recorded it in 1936, changing several elements of the original version, although Gene Austin included the song in his shows during the 1930s, he never recorded it. In March 1950, the Blue Barron Orchestra released Are You Lonesome Tonight, with Penny Wise and Love Foolish on the B-side, and it peaked at number nineteen on Billboards Top Pop Singles chart
10.
Surrender (Elvis Presley song)
–
Surrender is a #1 song recorded by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Music in 1961. It is an adaptation by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman of the music of a 1902 Neapolitan ballad by Giambattista and it hit number one in the US and UK in 1961 and eventually became one of the best selling singles of all time. This was one of 25 songs Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman wrote for Presley and it has been recorded by many other artists. Elvis Presley - vocals The Jordanaires - backing vocals Scotty Moore - electric guitar Hank Garland - acoustic guitar Bob Moore - double bass D. J
11.
G.I. Blues
–
Blues is a 1960 American musical comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Elvis Presley, Juliet Prowse, and Robert Ivers. The movie was filmed at Paramount Pictures studio, with some pre-production scenery shot on location in Germany before Presleys release from the army, the movie reached #2 on the Variety weekly national box office chart in 1960. The movie won a 2nd place or runner-up prize Laurel Award in the category of Top Musical of 1960, U. S. Army Specialist 5 Tulsa McLean is a tank crewman with a singing career. Serving with the 3rd Armored Spearhead Division in West Germany, McLean dreams of running his own nightclub when he leaves the army, Tulsa and his buddies have formed a band and perform in various German Gasthauses, night clubs, and on an Armed Forces stage. In one bar, he discovers the record Blue Suede Shoes sung by someone named Elvis Presley on a jukebox. Dynamite and Turk have vied for women before when the two were stationed in Hawaii, when Dynamite gets transferred to Alaska, Tulsa is brought in to take his place. He is not looking forward to it, but must go through with it, Tulsa uses his Southern charm and calls Lili maam. She at first sees Tulsa as another Occupation Duty GI, then after a day on the Rhine, Lili begins to fall for him. Tulsas friend Cookie, meanwhile, falls in love with Lilis roommate, in the end, Ricks and Marlas baby son Tiger helps Tulsa win the bet for the outfit—and Lilis heart. 5 Tulsa McLean Juliet Prowse as Lili Robert Ivers as PFC Cookie James Douglas as Rick Letícia Román as Tina Sigrid Maier as Marla Scotty Moore as himself D. J. Despite his previous three films being mostly slammed by the critics, they warmed to King Creole and its star, Presley felt confident that he had a future in acting after this praise and he was looking forward to returning to Hollywood after his time in the army. The script was written by Edmund Beloin and Henry Garson, who had done the final revisions for Hal Wallis on Dont Give Up the Ship, in 1958 they came up with an original treatment for an Elvis Presley movie called Christmas in Berlin. It was later known as Cafe Europa before becoming GI Blues, eight months prior to Presley being discharged, in August 1959, producer Hal Wallis visited with him in Germany to go over the script for G. I. Blues and film some on-location scenes, although some scenes were used in the final film, Presley did not film at any time during his time there. Elvis double, Private First Class Tom Creel, was used for some shots, the U. S. Army supplied tanks and vehicles on manoeuvres to be used in the filming, and appointed public information officer John J. Mawn as technical advisor for the film. Mawn had presided over Presleys military press conferences, Presley returned to the U. S. in March 1960 and began work on the film in late April. Hal Wallis originally wanted Michael Curtiz to direct but eventually selected Norman Taurog, dolores Hart, Joan Blackman and Ursula Andress were all tested to play the female lead before deciding on Juliet Prowse. The film, which was not well received by critics, was released on November 23,1960, Presleys return to the screen led to a riot in a Mexico City theater showing G. I
12.
Las Vegas Hilton
–
The Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino is a hotel and casino in Winchester, Nevada. It is owned by Westgate Resorts and operated by Navegante Group and it has 2,956 hotel rooms, including 305 suites. It opened in 1969 as the International Hotel, and was known for years as the Las Vegas Hilton, then briefly as the LVH – Las Vegas Hotel. It was renamed the Westgate Las Vegas on July 1,2014, the hotel is 30 stories tall with a height of 114.30 meter /375.00 feet. Located on 64 acres, it has a 74,000 square feet casino and is home to the largest sports book in Las Vegas. The hotel is located next to the Las Vegas Convention Center and has its own 200,000 sq ft convention center, the hotel, designed by architect Martin Stern, Jr. was built in 1969 by Kirk Kerkorian and opened originally as the International Hotel. When it opened, the International was the largest hotel in the world, barbra Streisand was the opening-night performer, along with Peggy Lee performing afterwards in the hotels lounge. He broke his own record in February 1970, and again in August 1970. When playing Las Vegas, he lived in the suite, located on the 30th floor. Elvis was due to perform again in 1978, to celebrate the opening of the North tower. His manager, Colonel Tom Parker lived in the hotel on the 4th floor from the 1970s to mid-1980s, the International Hotel was sold to Hilton Hotels Corporation in 1970 and renamed the Las Vegas Hilton in 1971. Liberace headlined in the showroom during the 1970s, drawing sold-out crowds twice per night, when he signed his contract at the Hilton in 1972 he earned $300,000 per week, a record amount for individual entertainers in Las Vegas. The Las Vegas Hilton was the site in 1978 where Leon Spinks defeated Muhammad Ali for the World Heavyweight Championship and it was also the site in which Mike Tyson defeated Tony Tucker to unify and become the Undisputed Heavyweight Champion in 1986. Also, Donald Curry defeated Milton McCrory at the Las Vegas Hilton to unify, in 1998, Hilton Hotels Corporation split their properties and stock into two different companies. Shortly after the split, Hilton Gaming Company merged with Bally Entertainment Corporation, the company was renamed Park Place Entertainment. In 2000, Park Place Entertainment purchased Caesars World, in 2003 Park Place Entertainment changed their name to Caesars Entertainment. In 2004, Caesars Entertainment sold the Las Vegas Hilton to Colony Capital LLC for $280 million, Colony Capital transferred the property to its subsidiary, Resorts International Holdings. The Las Vegas Hilton became Resorts Internationals anchor property, with their office located on the second floor of the east tower
13.
Billboard Hot 100
–
The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
14.
Friedrich Silcher
–
Philipp Friedrich Silcher, was a German composer, mainly known for his lieder, and an important folksong collector. Silcher was meant to be a teacher, but dedicated himself entirely to music in the seminary in Ludwigsburg after he met Carl Maria von Weber. He was taught composition and piano by Conradin Kreutzer and Johann Nepomuk Hummel, in 1817 he was named musical director at the University of Tübingen. He is regarded as one of the most important protagonists of choir singing and he arranged many German and international folk songs that even today remain standard repertoire of many choirs in Germany and became an integral part of German daily life. In 1829 Silcher founded the Akademische Liedertafel in Tübingen and directed it until his death and he was married to Luise Rosine Ensslin. They had two daughters and one son, a wine varietal was named after him, the Silcher. The asteroid 10055 Silcher also bears the composers name
15.
Muss i denn
–
Muss i denn or Muss i denn, muss i denn zum Städtele hinaus is a traditional German song in the Swabian German dialect. The present form dates back to 1827, when it was written, Muss i denn is about a soldier having to leave the woman he loves and vowing to remain faithful until he is back to marry her. It first appeared on page sixteen of Friedrich Silchers collection of songs titled Collected Folk Songs Adapted to Four Male Voices. The origin of the song, however, is obscure and the text was not recorded. Silcher mentioned to Ludwig Uhland though that the melody was an old melody from Württemberg, the song became famous beginning in the mid 19th century. It soon was especially well-liked among the German military as well as among excursion groups and it also became popular among German merchant seamen as a capstan shanty, and has been played as a Naval quick march since the days of the Kaiserliche Marine. An early English translation titled Must I, then, from the town must I, then. Was made by Henry William Dulcken in 1856, some Muss i denn versions were widely popularized in the 20th century, those interpreted by German American actress Marlene Dietrich and by Greek singer Nana Mouskouri deserve mention. Tobias Widmaier, Von Silcher zu Elvis, katalog zur Großen Landesaustellung Baden-Württemberg 2010, edited by the Badischen Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. August Holder, Muss i denn, muss i denn zum Städtele naus, ein schwäbischer Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte der Volksliederdichtung. Lili Marleen Muss i denn - Heimat und Volkslied Obernkirchen Childrens Choir - Muß I Denn Zum Städtele Hinaus
16.
Rems
–
The Rems is a right tributary of the Neckar in eastern Baden-Württemberg. Its source is in Essingen, near Aalen and it flows generally west through the towns Böbingen an der Rems, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Lorch, Plüderhausen, Schorndorf, Remshalden and Waiblingen. At Remseck the Rems flows into the Neckar
17.
Swabian German
–
Swabian is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German. It is spoken in Swabia, which much of the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, including its capital. It is also spoken in the area known as the Swabian Alb. Swabian is also spoken by the Danube Swabian population of Hungary. Swabian is difficult to understand for speakers of Standard German, not just because of its pronunciation, for example, strawberry jam in Standard German is Erdbeermarmelade while in Swabian it is Bräschdlingsgsälz. The expression is used in a way to describe a small unit of measure and is deemed appropriate to use in front of small children. German broadcaster SWRs childrens website, Kindernetz, explained the meaning of Muggeseggele in their Swabian dictionary in the Swabian-based TV series Ein Fall für B. A. R. Z, the ending -ad is used for verbs in the first person plural. With the addition of this -le, the article of the noun automatically becomes das in the German language, the Swabian -le is the same as standard German -lein or -chen, but is used, arguably, more often in Swabian. A small house is a Häuschen in Standard German, a Heisle in Swabian, zug becomes Zigle Haus becomes Heisle Kerl becomes Kerle Mädchen becomes Mädle Baum becomes Baimle In some regions -la for plural is used. Many surnames in Swabia are also made to end in -le, articles are often pronounced as dr, d and s. The ch is sometimes omitted or replaced, similarly, a subtle but very prominent cue carrying over is the fact that the letter s is always pronounced voiceless - there is no voiced s in Swabian. While this should be obvious to northern Germans, Swabian speakers are most often very unaware about this even while tending to speak perfect standard German in all other aspects. Swabian is categorized as an Alemannic dialect, which in turn is one of the two types of Upper German dialects, the ISO 639-3 language code for Swabian is swg. The Swabian dialect is composed of numerous sub-dialects, each of which has its own variations and these sub-dialects can be categorized by the difference in the formation of the past participle of sein into gwäa and gsei. The Gsei group is nearer to other Alemannic dialects, such as Swiss German and it can be divided into South-East Swabian, West Swabian and Central Swabian. The Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Commerce launched a campaign with the slogan Wir können alles. Except Standard German to boost Swabian pride for their dialect and industrial achievements, however, it failed to impress Northern Germans and neighboring Baden. Dominik Kuhn became famous in Germany with schwäbisch fandub videos, dubbing among others Barack Obama with German dialect vocals, sebastian Sailer August Lämmle Josef Eberle Thaddäus Troll Hellmut G. Haasis Peter Schlack Muss i denn Streck, Tobias
18.
Marlene Dietrich
–
Marie Magdalene Marlene Dietrich was a German actress and singer who held both German and American citizenship. Throughout her unusually long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, in the 1920s in Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel brought her international fame, Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as Morocco, Shanghai Express, and Desire. She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she still made occasional films after the war, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was noted for her efforts during the war, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received honors from the United States, France, Belgium. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema, Dietrich was born on 27 December 1901 on Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin. She was the younger of two daughters of Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine and Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898, Dietrichs mother was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and clock making firm. Her father was a lieutenant who died in 1907. Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrichs surname was never von Losch, Dietrichs family nicknamed her Lena and Lene. Around age 11, she contracted her two first names to form the name Marlene, Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls School from 1907 to 1917 and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule in 1918. She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed by a wrist injury and she was fired after only four weeks. Her earliest professional stage appearances were as a girl on tour with Guido Thielschers Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments. She did not attract any attention at first. She made her film debut playing a bit part in the film The Little Napoleon and she met her future husband, Rudolf Sieber, on the set of Tragödie der Liebe in 1923. Dietrich and Sieber were married in a ceremony in Berlin on 17 May 1923
19.
B-side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
20.
Lili Marleen
–
Lili Marleen is a German love song performed by Lale Andersen which became popular during World War II throughout Europe and the Mediterranean among both Axis and Allied troops. Written in 1915 as a poem, the song was published in 1937 and was first recorded by Lale Andersen in 1939 as Das Mädchen unter der Laterne. The words were written in 1915 as a poem of three verses by Hans Leip, a teacher from Hamburg who had been conscripted into the Imperial German Army. Leip reportedly combined the nickname of his friends girlfriend, Lili, with the name of another friend, Marleen, the poem was later published in 1937 as Das Lied eines jungen Soldaten auf der Wacht, with two further verses added. It was set to music by Norbert Schultze in 1938 and recorded by Lale Andersen for the first time in 1939, in early 1942 she recorded the song in English, the lyrics translated by Norman Baillie-Stewart, a former British army officer working for the German Auslandssendedienst. Tommie Connor also wrote English lyrics with the title Lily of the Lamplight in 1944, while on leave in Vienna, a lieutenant working at the station was asked to collect a pile of second-hand records from the Reich radio station. Among them was Lili Marleen sung by Lale Andersen, which up till then had sold around 700 copies, karl-Heinz Reintgen, the German officer in charge of the station, began playing the song on the air. For lack of recordings, Radio Belgrade played the song frequently. At one point the Nazi governments propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, Radio Belgrade received letters from Axis soldiers all over Europe asking them to play Lili Marleen again. Erwin Rommel, commander of the Afrika Korps, admired the song, Goebbels reluctantly changed his mind, and from then on the tune was used to sign-off the broadcast at 9,55 PM. The song was published in South Africa, in a leaflet, with an anonymous English translation, as Lili Marleen, The Theme Song of the Eighth Army. Lale Andersen was awarded a gold disc for one million sales. It is thought she was awarded her copy after hostilities ended, hMVs copy was discarded during renovations to their Oxford Street store in the 1960s, but the disc was recovered and is now in a private collection. Many Allied soldiers made a point of listening to the song at the end of the day, the continent of Europe seemed a long way away. I wondered when I would see it again and what it would be like by the time we got there. The next year, parachuted into the Yugoslav guerrilla war, Maclean wrote, Sometimes at night, before going to sleep, we would turn on our receiving set and listen to Radio Belgrade. For months now, the flower of the Afrika Korps had been languishing behind the wire of Allied prison camps. But still, punctually at ten oclock, came Lale Andersen singing their special song, but, now it had become our ultimate goal, which Lili Marlene and her nostalgic little tune seemed somehow to symbolise
21.
Philips Records
–
Not to be confused with Phillips International Records. Philips Records is a label that was founded by the Dutch electronics company Philips. In 1946 Philips acquired the company which pressed records for British Deccas Dutch outlet in Amsterdam, the record label was started by Philips Phonographische Industrie in June 1950 when it began issuing classical recordings. Recordings were also made with artists of various nationalities and with classical artists from Germany, France. Launched under the slogan Records of the Century, the first releases in Britain appeared at the beginning of January 1953 on 1078 rpm discs, Philips also distributed recordings made by the Columbia Records in the UK and on the European continent. After the separation of the English Columbia label and American Columbia, the first single on the label to chart was Frankie Laines I Believe, which reached the No.1 chart position in the UK that April. Many of the first British recordings on the label were produced by Norman Newell until John Franz was appointed artists, in 1958 Philips created a subsidiary label, Fontana Records, which meant that American-Columbia recordings were being issued on both the Philips and Fontana labels. This arrangement lasted until April 1962 when, under pressure from Columbia in America, Philips then created a label for them. In late 1964, under the stewardship of U. S. President of Columbia Records Goddard Lieberson, CBS Records formed its own international operations, CBS Records set up their UK operation in Theobalds Road in Holborn. Singles and albums on the Philips and Fontana labels by Columbia-owned product were subsequently withdrawn, in 1962, Philips Records and Deutsche Grammophon formed the Grammophon-Philips Group joint venture, which later became PolyGram in 1972. UK pressings were manufactured at the large factory based at Walthamstow in N. E. In 1961, after Philips lost its North American distribution deal with Columbia Records, a year later, Philips US affiliate Consolidated Electronics Industries Corp. bought Mercury and its subsidiary labels, such as Smash. Philips classical, jazz and pop records were marketed by Mercury in the US under the Philips label, the Mercury Living Presence team also made classical recordings for Philips, in July 1961. 69 for cello and piano by Richter and Rostropovich, classical groups that Philips heavily recorded included the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Beaux Arts Trio, and the Quartetto Italiano. Violinist Arthur Grumiaux and the pianist Claudio Arrau were under contract to Philips, symphony orchestras under contract, including the LSO, were under the command of prestigious young conductors such as Colin Davis and Bernard Haitink. From 1961 until the late 1980s, Philips Records issued many classical titles in US-specific packaging, the records were pressed at Mercurys plant in Richmond, Indiana, and mastered in New York by George Piros at Fine Recording, using 2-track and mono master tapes provided by Philips. These releases were the PHS900 xxx series for stereo and the 500 xxx series for mono, clair Van Ausdal in Mercurys New York office oversaw the Philips classical US releases through the mid-1960s. These records were made through Mercurys existing jazz operations and produced by Jack Tracy, in addition to jazz and classical music, Philips also became a major player in the world of rock and pop music in the late 1950s till late 1970s
22.
Columbia Records
–
Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
23.
Bobby Vinton
–
Stanley Robert Bobby Vinton, Jr. is an American singer and songwriter. In pop music circles, he known as The Polish Prince of Poch. Known for his vocals in love songs, his most popular song, Blue Velvet, peaked at number 1 on the now renamed Billboard Pop Singles Chart. It also served as inspiration for the film of the same name, Vinton is the only child of locally popular bandleader Stan Vinton and Dorothy Studzinski Vinton. He is of Polish and Lithuanian descent, the family surname was originally Vintula, and was changed by Vintons father. Vintons parents encouraged their sons interest in music by giving him his daily 25 cent allowance after he had practised the clarinet, at 16, Vinton formed his first band, which played clubs around the Pittsburgh area. With the money he earned, he helped finance his education at Duquesne University. While at Duquesne, he became proficient on all of the instruments in the band, piano, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, drums, and oboe. When Vinton became a musician, it was common for people to become confused with the bands of father and son. Vintons father suggested his son use his name of Robert professionally to clear up the confusion. Vintons birthplace of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania is also the birthplace of Perry Como, joey Powers was born in nearby Washington, Pennsylvania, and at one time played in a band with Vinton. Vintons hometown named two streets, Bobby Vinton Boulevard and the shorter adjoining Bobby Vinton Drive, in his honor and these streets were built in the late 1970s, prior attempts to name a residential street after him failed. The residents did not care for the singer always using Pittsburgh as his town on TV interviews. Como always claimed Canonsburg as his hometown, so hundreds of people changed their address when the town renamed a street in the east end after Perry Como. The Canonsburg town fathers had plans to erect a statue in Vintons honor, after two years service in the United States Army, where he served as a chaplains assistant, Vinton was signed to Epic Records in 1960 as a bandleader, A Young Man With a Big Band. The break for the Epic Records contract had come after Vinton, however, two albums and several singles were not successful, and with Epic ready to pull the plug, Vinton found his first hit single literally sitting in a reject pile. The song was titled Roses Are Red, Vinton had to do his own promotion for the song, he bought one thousand copies and hired a young woman to deliver a copy of the record and a dozen red roses to every local DJ. It spent four weeks at one on the Billboard Hot 100
24.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
25.
British Hit Singles & Albums
–
British Hit Singles & Albums was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment and it listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums, the publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2008. A new version of the published by Virgin and entitled The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice, Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts, British Hit Singles & Albums was generally considered to be the authoritative reference source for both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952, listing them in alphabetical order, the entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists chart details, the books sources are the New Musical Express chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the Record Retailer chart thereafter. Other records to which this applies include 19th Nervous Breakdown by The Rolling Stones, Stranger on the Shore by Acker Bilk and the Eurovision Song Contest entry Are You Sure by The Allisons. Co-founder Jo Rice has defended the choice of source material on the grounds that Record Retailer was the only chart to consistently publish a Top 50 from 1960 onwards. As a result, the placings in that chart were more open to error, the first edition was published as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles in July 1977. It wasnt the first Guinness music reference publication, as the year a book called The Guinness Book of Music Facts & Feats had been published. It also contained feats from the world of classical music, the first edition was issued to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the first UK singles sales chart, which was published in November 1952, by the New Musical Express. Subsequently, a new edition was published two years, adding a few hundred titles to each edition. 1 hits, Most weeks on chart or Least successful chart artist, also included in the books were photographs and introductions written by the four authors. They also wrote a bi-annual lookback on the developments in the UK charts in the two preceding years. The series was regarded as the number one source for music and chart reference, thanks to the commercial success of the books. The series 10th edition, published in June 1995, was the last to feature its original authors Rice, Rice and Gambaccini
26.
Discogs
–
Discogs, short for discographies, is a website and crowdsourced database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases. The Discogs servers, currently hosted under the domain name discogs. com, are owned by Zink Media, Inc. and are located in Portland, Oregon, US. While the site lists releases in all genres and on all formats, it is known as the largest online database of electronic music releases. Discogs currently contains over 8 million releases, by nearly 4 and he was inspired by the success of community-built sites such as Slashdot, eBay, and Open Directory Project, and decided to use this model for a music discography database. The sites original goal was to build the most comprehensive database of music, organized around the artists, labels. In 2003 the Discogs system was rewritten, and in January 2004 it began to support other genres. Since then, it has expanded to include rock and jazz in January 2005 and funk/soul, Latin, in January 2006 blues and non-music were added. On 30 June 2004, Discogs published a report, which included information about the number of its contributors and this report claimed that Discogs had 15,788 contributors and 260,789 releases. On 20 July 2007 a new system for sellers was introduced on the site called Market Price History. However, at the beginning of 2008, the Market Price History was also free of charge for all users. In late 2014, the company released two new beta websites, gearogs lets users add and track music equipment like synths, drum machines, and other electronic music making equipment. At the start of 2015, the company began another beta project — Bibliogs, users can submit information about their books, physical or electronic, different versions and editions, and also connect different credits to these books. 21,000 books were submitted by the end of 2016, the project remains in its beta phase. The license has since changed to a public domain one. Prior to the advent of this license and API, Discogs data was only accessible via the Discogs web sites HTML interface and was intended to be viewed only using web browsers, the HTML interface remains the only authorized way to modify Discogs data. On 7 June 2011 version 2 of the API was released, notable in this release was that a license key was no longer required, the default response was changed from XML to JSON, and the 5000 queries per day limit was removed. On 1 November 2011 a major update to version 2 of the API was released and this new release dropped support for XML, data is always returned in JSON format, however the monthly data dumps of new data are only provided in XML format. Additionally the Premium API service was dropped, on 24 June 2014 Discogs deprecated their XML API in lieu of a JSON-formatted API
27.
Walk Right Back
–
Walk Right Back is a 1961 song by Sonny Curtis that was recorded by The Everly Brothers, and went to No.7 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Overseas, the song went No.1 on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks, originally it was the B-side, then it was changed to the A-side. And then Lady Luck stepped in, I never was much for guns, and still am not really into them, but out of 250 men in our unit in basic training, six of us fired expert, and I was one of the six. So J. I. told me to sing the song for Don — actually I had only one verse written — and Don called Phil down, so they said, If you write another verse. And thats the version that was released, and thats the version that was the hit, in 1971, the song was covered by Harry Nilsson and in 1978, it was a country hit for Anne Murray. Anne also performed a version of her song on The Muppet Show Mud recorded the song for their Rock On album in 1978, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
28.
The Everly Brothers
–
The Everly Brothers were American country-influenced rock and roll singers, known for steel-string acoustic guitar and close harmony singing. Isaac Donald Don Everly and Phillip Phil Everly were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, Don was born in Brownie, Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in 1937, and Phil two years later in Chicago, Illinois. Their parents were Isaac Milford Ike Everly, Jr. a guitar player, actor James Best, also from Muhlenberg County, was the son of Ikes sister. Margaret was 15 when she married Ike, who was 26, Ike worked in coal mines from age 14, but his father encouraged him to pursue his love of music. Ike and Margaret began singing together, the Everly brothers spent most of their childhood in Shenandoah, Iowa. They attended Longfellow Elementary School in Waterloo, Iowa, for a year, but then moved to Shenandoah in 1944, Ike Everly had a show on KMA and KFNF in Shenandoah in the mid-1940s, first with his wife and then with their sons. The brothers sang on the radio as Little Donnie and Baby Boy Phil, the family sang as the Everly Family. Ike, with guitarists Merle Travis, Mose Rager, and Kennedy Jones, was honored in 1992 by the construction of the Four Legends Fountain in Drakesboro, the family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1953, where the brothers attended West High School. In 1955, the moved to Madison, Tennessee, while the brothers moved to Nashville. Don had graduated high school in 1955, and Phil attended Peabody Demonstration School in Nashville. Both could now focus on recording, while in Knoxville, the brothers caught the attention of family friend Chet Atkins, manager of RCA Victors studio in Nashville. The brothers became a duo and moved to Nashville, despite affiliation with RCA, Atkins arranged for the Everly Brothers to record for Columbia Records in early 1956. Their Keep a-Lovin Me, which Don wrote and composed, flopped, Atkins introduced them to Wesley Rose, of Acuff-Rose music publishers. Rose told them he would get them a deal if they signed to Acuff-Rose as songwriters. They so signed in late 1956, and in 1957 Rose introduced them to Archie Bleyer, the Everlys signed and made a recording in February 1957. Bye Bye Love had been rejected by 30 other acts and their record reached No.2 on the pop charts, behind Elvis Presleys Teddy Bear, and No.1 on the country and No.5 on the R&B charts. The song, by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, became the Everly Brotherss first million-seller. Working with the Bryants, they had hits in the United States and the United Kingdom, the biggest being Wake Up Little Susie, All I Have to Do Is Dream, Bird Dog, and Problems
29.
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1960s
–
The UK Singles Chart is the official record chart in the United Kingdom. The choice to use Record Retailer as the source for the 1960s has been contentious because NME had the biggest circulation of periodicals in the decade and was more widely followed. As well as the chart compilers mentioned previously, Melody Maker, Disc, due to the lack of any official chart the BBC aggregated results from all these charts to announce its own Pick of the Pops chart. One source explains that the reason for using the Record Retailer chart for the 1960s was that it was the chart to have as many as 50 positions for almost the entire decade. The sample size of Record Retailer in the early 1960s was around 30 stores whereas NME, in 1969, the first BMRB chart was compiled using postal returns of sales logs from 250 record shops. In terms of singles, The Beatles were the most successful group of the decade having seventeen singles reach the top spot. The Beatles song She Loves You became the single of all time in 1963. She Loves You was the song of the decade and one of fourteen songs believed to have sold over one million copies in the 1960s. The following artists achieved three or more hits during the 1960s. Cliff Richard achieved seven number ones, two solo and five with the Shadows, the Shadows had a total of ten number ones, five solo and five with Cliff Richard. Information about when a record was classified gold by Disc is not well documented, the awards relied on record companies correctly compiling and supplying sales information. This could lead to errors, such as The Archies Sugar, Sugar incorrectly being awarded a gold disc in January 1970, such inaccuracies led to the instigation of official classifications by the BPI. Nevertheless, following the introduction of music downloads in 2004, Sugar, Sugar passed the sales mark. The Shadows instrumental, Apache, is the first known song to being awarded Discs gold record, the awarding of fifteen gold records is documented and, notably, five were awarded to releases by The Beatles. No song is believed to have one million copies after 1967 – The Last Waltz by Engelbert Humperdinck –. Although The Righteous Brothers first released Unchained Melody in August 1965 it had success after being re-released in the 1990s reaching number one. Every Chart-Topper Tells a Story, The Sixties, edinburgh, Mainstream Publishing,1997 ISBN 1-85158-836-1, 288p. Archive of all UK Number One Singles of the 1960s with images of original packaging
30.
The Marcels
–
The Marcels were an American doo-wop group known for turning popular music songs into rock and roll. The group formed in 1959 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and signed to Colpix Records, with lead Cornelius Harp, bass Fred Johnson, Gene Bricker, Ron Mundy, and Richard Knauss. The group was named after a hair style of the day. In 1961 many were surprised to hear a new version of the ballad Blue Moon, the record sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. It is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock, the disc went to number one in the U. S. Billboard Hot 100, and UK Singles Chart. The introduction to Blue Moon was an excerpt of a song that the group had in its act. Colpix A&R director Stu Phillips transferred the introduction to Blue Moon in order to give the additional flair. The Marcels recorded Blue Moon in two takes, a promotion man asked and got a copy of the finished tape, which found its way to legendary DJ Murray The K. He promoted it as an exclusive and reportedly played it 26 times on one show, Mundy left soon after, leaving the group a quartet. In 1962 Harp and Allen Johnson left, and were replaced by Richard Harris, there was a brief reunion of the original members in 1973. The group made several recordings in 1975 with Harp back on lead, original member Gene Bricker died in 1983. By the early 1990s the group included Johnson, Maddox, Harris, Jules Hopson, Fred Johnson formed his own group with new members, while the other four members recruited new bassist Ted Smith. Maddox won a lawsuit against Sunny James Svetnic, the manager of Johnsons group, Johnson reunited with Harp, Mundy and Knauss in 1999 for the PBS special Doo Wop 50. The Marcels were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2002, original lead singer Cornelius Nini Harp died on June 4,2013. Ronald Bingo Mundy died on January 20,2017, aged 76.1 U. S. No.1 U. K. No.1 Australia No.1 Ger/Fra No.1 N. Z. Summertime No.78 U. S. No.38 Australia No.12 N. Z. Heartaches No.7 U. S. No.3 U. K. No.15 Australia My Melancholy Baby No.30 U. K. No.7 Australia Flowerpot No.10 N. Z. Released on December 30,1961, with the tagline Its Twist-eriffic, the first full-length movie about the Twist
31.
Connie Francis
–
Connie Francis is an American pop singer and top-charting female vocalist of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Although her chart success waned in the half of the 1960s. Despite several severe interruptions in her career, she is active as a recording and performing artist. Marks Avenue before the family moved to New Jersey, growing up in an Italian-Jewish neighborhood, Francis became fluent in Yiddish, which would lead her to later record songs in Yiddish and Hebrew. In her autobiography Whos Sorry Now, Francis attended Newark Arts High School in 1951 and 1952. She and her family moved to Belleville, New Jersey, where Francis graduated as salutatorian from Belleville High School Class of 1955, during this time, Francis continued to perform at neighborhood festivities and talent shows, appearing alternately as Concetta Franconero and Connie Franconero. Under the latter name, she appeared on NBCs variety show Startime Kids between 1953 and 1955. During the rehearsals for her appearance on Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts, Godfrey also told her to drop the accordion – advice she gladly followed, as she had begun to hate the large and heavy instrument. In 1955, Startime Kids went off the air, hence, Freddy was released as Francis first single, which turned out to be a commercial failure, just as her following eight solo singles were. Eventually, the single sold one million copies. However, her chart success came too late – Francis recording contract consisted of ten solo singles. Though success had finally seemed to come with The Majesty of Love, Francis considered a career in medicine and was about to accept a four-year scholarship offered at New York University. At what was to have been her final recording session for MGM on October 2,1957, written by Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby. Her father insisted, though, and when the recording Whos Sorry Now. was finished, the single seemed to go unnoticed like all previous releases – just as Francis had predicted, but on January 1,1958, the song debuted on Dick Clarks American Bandstand. By mid-year, over a million copies had sold. In April 1958, Whos Sorry Now reached number 1 on the UK Singles Chart, for the next four years, Francis was voted the Best Female Vocalist by American Bandstand viewers. As Connie Francis explains at each of her concerts, she began searching for a new hit immediately after the success of Whos Sorry Now, since MGM Records had renewed her contract. After the relative failure of the follow-up singles Im Sorry I Made You Cry and Heartaches, Francis met Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield, after a few hours, Francis began writing in her diary while the songwriters played the last of their ballads
