The Workers' Party of Social Justice is a Czech political party, often described as the major far-right extremist party in the Czech Republic. The party is not represented in any legislative body in the Czech Republic and its biggest electoral success so far has been a gain of 1.14% in the Czech legislative election in 2010. Some of the high-ranking party officials, including a Prague party leader, have been associated with neo-Nazi groups such as Národní odpor, the Czech subsidiary of an international militant neo-Nazi group. In spring 2009 the petition for the ban on the party was dismissed by the Czech Supreme Administrative Court, because, as the presiding judge stated, the applicant didn't manage to provide sufficient evidence in what was seen as a botched application. Following violent attacks against Czech minorities by far-right extremists, the government filed a more detailed petition for the ban, which was discussed by the Czech Supreme Court in January and February 2010. The party was banned, making it the first instance of banning a party for its ideology in the modern history of the Czech Republic. The party was transformed into a "Party of Citizens of the Czech Republic" and the party was renamed to Workers' Party of Social Justice. The party's program was kept the same with small adjustments.

Parliamentary elections were held in the Czech Republic on 28–29 May 2010 to elect the 200 members of the Chamber of Deputies. The elections had been expected to take place sometime before the end of 2009, but was postponed due to legal challenges. Before the election, the country had been governed by a caretaker administration headed by Jan Fischer. The Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) was the front-runner of the election and its leader Jiří Paroubek was the favourite to become the new Prime Minister.