Wounded Knee Massacre
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The Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as the Battle of Wounded Knee, was an 1890 armed conflict between Native Americans and the United States Army. It was part of the U.S. Army’s Pine Ridge Campaign.
Mass grave for the Lakota dead after the massacre
A depiction of the Ghost Dance
Nelson A. Miles
Miniconjou Lakota Sioux Chief Spotted Elk lies dead after the massacre of Wounded Knee, 1890
Ghost Dance
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The Ghost Dance is a ceremony incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. According to the millenarian teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka, renamed Jack Wilson, pro
Wounded Knee Massacre
…four Hotchkiss mountain guns. The Army was catering to the anxiety of settlers who called the conflict the Messiah War and were worried the ceremonial Ghost Dance signified a potentially dangerous Sioux resurgence. Historian Jeffrey Ostler wrote in 2004: "Wounded Knee was not made up of a series of discrete…
Wovoka, the Northern Paiute spiritual leader and creator of the Ghost Dance
An Arapaho buckskin ghost shirt, ca 1890
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