An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. Since X-rays penetrate most objects, there is no need to specially prepare them for X-ray microscopy observations.
An X-ray microscopy image of a living 10-days-old canola plant
Indirect-drive laser inertial confinement fusion uses a "hohlraum" irradiated with laser beam cones from either side on its inner surface to bathe a fusion microcapsule inside with smooth high-intensity X-rays. The highest-energy X-rays that penetrate the hohlraum can be visualized using an X-ray microscope such as here, where X-radiation is represented in orange/red.
A square beryllium foil window mounted in a steel case to seal a vacuum chamber of an X-ray microscope. Beryllium, due to its low Z number is highly transparent to X-rays.
X-ray optics is the branch of optics that manipulates X-rays instead of visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.
A polycapillary lens for focusing X-rays
One of the mirrors of XRISM made of 203 foils
