Xiangtang–Putian railway or Xiangpu railway, is a Class I higher-speed railway in eastern China linking Nanchang and Fúzhou (福州), the provincial capitals, respectively, of Jiangxi and Fujian Province. The line is named after Xiangtang, a township south of Nanchang, which was originally slated to serve as a terminus, and Putian, on the coast of Fujian, at which the southern branch of the Xiangpu railway terminates. The line actually begins at the Lehua East Station, a rail junction for the Beijing–Kowloon and Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railways north of Nanchang. The line heads south to Nanchang West Railway Station and bypasses Xiangtang on its way to Fǔzhou (抚州). After entering Fujian, the line forks at Yongtai with the northern fork heading to Fúzhou (福州) and the southern fork going to Putian. The Nanchang to Yongtai section of the line plus the northern fork to Fuzhou is officially named the Nanchang–Fuzhou or Changfu railway. The southern fork is officially named the Yongtai–Putian or Yongpu railway.

Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi Province, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.