1.
China Railway High-speed
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China Railway High-speed is the high-speed rail service operated by China Railway. Hexie Hao is the designation for rolling stock operated for this service, All trains had been marked CRH, before being changed shortly afterwards to the Chinese characters 和谐号 on the centre of the head vehicles and the side of the walls of other vehicles. The introduction of CRH was a part of the sixth national railway speedup. All high-speed trains in use in China are named CRH. CRH1/2A/2B/2E/5 are expected to have a speed of 250 km/h. The new trainsets CRH380A have a maximum test speed of 416.6 km/h, the fastest trainset, CRH380BL, attained a maximum test speed of 487.3 km/h 302.8 mph). High-speed rail services were first introduced in 2007 operating with CRH rolling stock and those run on existing lines that have been upgraded to speeds of up to 250 km/h and on newer dedicated high-speed track rated up to 350 km/h. China Railway High-speed runs different electric multiple unit trainsets, the designs for which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A, CRH380B, CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. Some of the trainsets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China, the signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well, so the system as a whole is predominantly Chinese. China currently holds many new patents related to the components of these trains. However, these patents are valid within China, and as such hold no international power. An order for 60 8-car sets had been placed in 2004, with the first few built in Japan and it is designed to have two versions, one with a top operating speed of 220 km/h, the other with a top operating speed of 160 km/h. They will be used on 200 km/h or 250 km/h Inter-city High Speed Rail lines, planned to service by 2011 CRH380A. CRH3C and CRH2C designs have an MOR of 300 km/h, and can reach up to 350 km/h, however, in practical terms, issues such as maintenance costs, comfort, and safety make the maximum speed of more than 380 km/h impractical and remain limiting factors. Based on data published by Sinolink Securities, some changes were made according to the most recent news. ^1 All CRH380B and CRH380C units to be delivered before 2012, ^2 All CRH380D units to be delivered before 2014. Before the introduction of technology, China conducted independent attempts to domestically develop high-speed rail technology. Some notable results included the China Star, but domestic Chinese companies lacked the technology and expertise of foreign companies, if using only their own resources and expertise, the country might need a decade or longer to catch up with developed nations
2.
Chengdu Metro
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Chengdu Metro is the local mass rapid train transportation system in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, China. Line 1 was constructed between December 2005 and 2010, and opened at Sep 27th, making it the first heavy-rail metro line in south, and Line 2 began operations in September 2012. Line 4 opened to public at the end of December 2015, Metro lines are operated by Chengdu Metro Limited Liability Company. Commuter rail lines such as the Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway are operated by Chengdu City Commuter Railway Limited Liability Company and it is Chinas first joint venture between a local government and Chinas national rail operator. The city and the Ministry of Railways worked together in building metro lines, a light rail system north northwest of Chengdu began construction at October 2015, and will open to public in 2017. Chengdu Metros first subway line, Line 1, started construction on December 28,2005, construction of Line 2 began on 29 December 2007. Line 1 opened on 27 September 2010, Line 4 started construction on 22 July 2011. On 25 April 2012, Line 3 was approved by the Development and Reform Commission On 16 January 2012, on 28 April 2012, Line 3 started construction. On 8 June 2013, Line 2 West Extension to Xipu, Ocean Park was then renamed to Jincheng Plaza. On 26 October 2014, Line 2 East Extension to Longquanyi opened, on 25 July 2015, Line 1 South Extension was opened. On December 10,2015, Line 4 phase 1 was opened, on July 31,2016, Line 3 phase 1 was opened. On February 27,2017, Chengdu Metro Ltd changed its name to Chengdu Rail Transit Group Co. Ltd, there will be five lines constructed in the first phase, covering 126 km with 116 stations including 11 interchange stations. Line 1 has 17 stations at along the 18.50 kilometre route, starting at Shengxian Lake, Line 2 has 26 stations along the 31.20 kilometre route, starting at Xipu and ending at Chengdu Institute of Administration. The first phase of Line 1 cost 7 billion yuan to construct, a natural ventilation system has been used in the construction of the underground section of Line 1 on the subway system from Southern Third Ring Road to Chengdu New Exhibition and Convention Center. Square ventilation units are built every 30m along the top to allow fresh air from the ground enter the construction site underground. The method is used in construction in other countries as it cuts the construction cost. The subway system is the first in China to adopt such a system during construction. Chengdu Metro is planning to set up a section for subway fire control, Line 2 is a crosstown northwest-southeast trunk route
3.
Chengdu
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Chengdu, formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which has served as capital of Chinas Sichuan province. It is one of the three most populous cities in Western China, as of 2014 the administrative area houses 14,427,500 inhabitants, with an urban population of 10,152,632. At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the 5th-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the area including Xinjin County. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is also known as the Country of Heaven and its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. It was the capital of Liu Beis Shu during the Three Kingdoms Era, after the fall of Nanjing to the Japanese in 1937, Chengdu briefly served as the capital of China. It is now one of the most important economic, financial, commercial, cultural, transportation, Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is one of the 30 busiest airports in the world, and Chengdu Railway Station is one of the six biggest in China. Chengdu also hosts many international companies and more than 12 consulates, more than 260 Fortune 500 companies have established branches in Chengdu. In 2006, China Daily named it Chinas 4th-most-livable city, the name Chengdu is attested in sources going back to shortly after its founding. The present spelling is based on pinyin romanization, its Postal Map romanization was Chengtu and its former status as the seat of the Chengdu Prefecture prompted Marco Polos spellings Sindafu, Sin-din-fu, &c. and the Protestant missionaries romanization Ching-too Foo. Although the official name of the city has remained constant, the area has sometimes taken other names. The city logo adopted in 2011 is inspired by the Golden Sun Bird excavated from the Jinsha Ruins, archaeological discoveries at the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites have established that the area surrounding Chengdu was inhabited over four thousand years ago. At the time of Chinas Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, in the early 4th century BC, the ninth king of Shus Kaiming dynasty relocated from nearby Pi County, giving his new capital the name Chengdu. Shu was conquered by Qin in 316 BC and the settlement refounded by the Qin general Zhang Yi, under the Han, the brocade produced at Chengdu became fashionable and was exported throughout China. A Brocade Official was established to oversee its quality and supply, after the fall of the Eastern Han, Liu Bei ruled Shu, the southwestern of the Three Kingdoms, from Chengdu. His minister Zhuge Liang called the area the Land of Abundance, under the Tang, Chengdu was considered the second most prosperous city in China after Yangzhou. Both Li Bai and Du Fu lived in the city, Li Bai praised it as lying above the empyrean. The citys present Caotang was constructed in 1078 in honor of an earlier, more humble structure of that name erected by Du Fu in 760, the Taoist Qingyang Gong was built in the 9th century. Chengdu was the capital of Wang Jians Former Shu from 907 to 925, the Later Shu was founded by Meng Zhixiang in 934, with its capital at Chengdu
4.
Sichuan
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In antiquity, Sichuan was the home of the ancient states of Ba and Shu. Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for the First Emperors unification of China under the Qin Dynasty, during the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Beis Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhongs rebellion and the areas subsequent Manchu conquest, during the Second World War, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, making it the focus of Japanese bombing. It was one of the last mainland areas to fall to the Communists during the Chinese Civil War and was divided into four parts from 1949 to 1952, with Chongqing restored two years later. It suffered gravely during the Great Chinese Famine of 1959–61 but remained Chinas most populous province until Chongqing Municipality was again separated from it in 1997, the people of Sichuan speak a unique form of Mandarin, which took shape during the areas repopulation under the Ming. The family of dialects is now spoken by about 120 million people, in Modern Chinese, the name Sichuan has the meaning four rivers and this folk etymology is usually extended to list the provinces four major rivers, the Jialing, Jinsha, Min, and Tuo. In addition to its map and Wade-Giles forms, the name has also been irregularly romanized as Szű-chuan and Szechuan. In antiquity, the area of modern Sichuan was known to the Chinese as Ba and Shu, in reference to the ancient states of Ba and it was the refuge of the Tang court during the An Lushan Rebellion of the mid-8th century. The region had its own religious beliefs and worldview. The most important native states were those of Ba and Shu, Ba stretched into Sichuan from the Han Valley in Shaanxi and Hubei down the Jialing River as far as its confluence with the Yangtze at Chongqing. Shu occupied the valley of the Min, including Chengdu and other areas of western Sichuan, the existence of the early state of Shu was poorly recorded in the main historical records of China. It was, however, referred to in the Book of Documents as an ally of the Zhou and this site, believed to be an ancient city of Shu, was initially discovered by a local farmer in 1929 who found jade and stone artefacts. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed, Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River and this innovative hydraulic system was composed of movable weirs which could be adjusted for high or low water flow according to the season, to either provide irrigation or prevent floods. The increased agricultural output and taxes made the area a source of provisions, Sichuan was subjected to the autonomous control of kings named by the imperial family of Han Dynasty. Shu-Han claimed to be the successor to the Han Dynasty, in 263, the Jin dynasty of North China, conquered the Kingdom of Shu-Han as its first step on the path to unify China again, under their rule. Salt production becomes a business in Ziliujing District
5.
China Railway
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It used to be part of the now defunct Ministry of Railways. China Railway operates passenger and freight transport via several smaller companies, China Railway previously had its own police force, Prosecutors Office and court system, which was unique among the worlds railways. Some critics say the company turns these police into its own security guard, the original China Railway logo was designed by Chen Yuchang, as announced in the Peoples Daily on 22 January 1950. There are 16 bureau and 5 companies under China Railway, as of 2008, approximately 2 million people work in China Railway. Containers must be transferred several times, as different, incompatible, rail gauges are used in different regions, China has been investing in and helping to rebuild railways in Africa. Below is an incomplete list of rail projects
6.
Island platform
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An island platform is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station, tram stop or transitway interchange. Island platforms are popular on twin-track routes due to pragmatic and cost-effective reasons, an alternative arrangement is to position side platforms on either side of the tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location, the island platform layout is a popular, cost-effective and practical solution in modern railway systems. Island platforms allow facilities such as escalators, elevators, shops, toilets and this is essential for wheelchair accessible stations. An island platform makes it easier for users and the infirm to change services between tracks. Additionally, an island platform layout eliminates the need to construct a crossover or subway between two platforms, however, island platforms may become overcrowded, especially at busy stations, and this can lead to safety issues such as Clapham Common and Angel on the London Underground. However, for the tracks to diverge around the platform, extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station. Track centers vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 meters, if the island platform is 6 meters wide, the tracks have to slew out by the same distance. While this is not a problem on a new line that is being constructed, in addition, a single island platform makes it quite difficult to have through tracks, which are usually between the local tracks. A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, high-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms. This arrangement also allows the station to serve as a point where trains can be passed by faster trains. The purpose of this design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway were constructed in this form and this was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel. Island platforms are a normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms, in Toronto,29 subway stations use island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long, in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia, PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation. Most elevated stations in Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system use island platforms, the exception is Dover MRT Station, which uses side platforms as it is built on an existing rail line. The planned Canberra MRT Station will also use side platforms, as it also be built on an existing rail line
Media related to Xipu train station at Wikimedia Commons
