A yaodong is a particular form of earth shelter dwelling common in the Loess Plateau in China's north. They are generally carved out of a hillside or excavated horizontally from a central "sunken courtyard".
Yaodong covered in snow. Taken in Qingjian, Shaanxi.
The courtyard of a cave dwelling
Cave city in Yan'an, Shaanxi – Mao Zedong's headquarters from 1935 to 1948
Image: Cave houses shanxi 6
An earth shelter, also called an earth house, earth bermed house, or underground house, is a structure with earth (soil) against the walls, on the roof, or that is entirely buried underground.
An earth sheltered house in Switzerland (Peter Vetsch)
Mandan lodge, North Dakota. c. 1908
"The interior of the hut of a Mandan Chief": aquatint by Karl Bodmer from the book "Maximilian, Prince of Wied's Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834"
Turf house in Sænautasel, Iceland.