Yarm

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Yarm
Yarm Viaduct over the River Tees
Yarm Location within North Yorkshire
Population	8,384 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid reference	NZ416124
Civil parish	Yarm
Unitary authority	Stockton-on-Tees
Ceremonial county	North Yorkshire
Region	North East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	YARM
Postcode district	TS15
Dialling code	01642
Police	Cleveland
Fire	Cleveland
Ambulance	North East
EU Parliament	North East England
UK Parliament	Stockton South
Website	www.YarmTC.org
List of places UK England Yorkshire 54°30′18″N 1°20′53″W / 54.505°N 1.348°W / 54.505; -1.348Coordinates: 54°30′18″N 1°20′53″W / 54.505°N 1.348°W / 54.505; -1.348

Yarm is a small town in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The town is on the south bank of the River Tees and is historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire; the bridge at Yarm marked the furthest reach of tidal flow up the River Tees until the opening, in 1995, of the Tees Barrage, which now regulates river flow above Stockton. As the last bridge on the river before the sea, it was superseded by a new toll bridge opened in Stockton in 1771; the oldest part of the town, around the High Street, is situated in a loop of the river, and the newer parts of the town extend to the point where the River Leven meets the River Tees.

History[edit]

The name of the town is thought to be derived from the Old English gearum, dative plural of gear, 'pool for catching fish' (source of the modern dialect word yair with the same meaning), hence 'at the place of the fish pools'.^[2] Yarm was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and was originally a chapelry in the Kirklevington parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire; it later became a parish in its own right.^[3]

Dominican Friars settled in Yarm about 1286, and maintained a Friary and a Hospital in the town, until 1583, their memory is preserved in the names of Friarage and Spital Bank.^[4]

Bishop Skirlaw of Durham built a stone bridge, which still stands, across the Tees in 1400. An iron replacement was built in 1805, but it fell down in 1806. For many years, Yarm was at the tidal limit and head of navigation on the River Tees.^[5]

On 12 February 1821, at the George & Dragon Inn, the meeting was held that pressed for the third and successful attempt for a Bill to give permission to build the Stockton & Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway.^[6]

In 1890, Bulmer & Co listed twelve inns in Yarm: Black Bull, Cross Keys, Crown Inn, Fleece, George and Dragon, Green Tree, Ketton Ox, Lord Nelson, Red Lion, Three Tuns, Tom Brown, and Union; also listed was Cross Keys beside the Leven Bridge.^[7]

In the 13th century, Yarm was classed as a borough, but this status did not persist, it formed part of the Stokesley Rural District under the Local Government Act 1894, and remained so until 1 April 1974 when, under the Local Government Act 1972, it became part of the district of Stockton-on-Tees in the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. Cleveland was abolished in 1996 under the Banham Review, with Stockton-on-Tees becoming a unitary authority.^[8]

Geography[edit]

Yarm has five housing estates, and the peninsular area where the town centre is situated; the estates are Willey Flatts, Layfield Farm, The Kebbell (locally known as Spitalfields), Leven Park and Levendale (occasionally referred to as Ingleby Grange).^{[citation needed]}

It is bordered by two rivers, the River Tees to the north, and the River Leven to the east; the Leven is a tributary of the Tees.^[9] Yarm was once the highest port on the Tees.^[10]

Two road bridges cross the river, Yarm Bridge crossing from the High Street to Eaglescliffe, which is Grade II* listed,^[11] and Leven Bridge crossing the Leven between Yarm and Low Leven, which is Grade II listed.^[12] On 26 February 2010, Leven Bridge was closed after cracks appeared in it. Engineers suggested the bridge would remain closed for at least two weeks.^[13] Later it was confirmed that the bridge would be closed for up to three months after major damage was found to the Grade II-listed structure.^{[citation needed]} Repairs took less time than expected, and the bridge re-opened on 18 June 2010.

The town hall High Street was built in 1710 by Thomas Belasyse who was Lord of the Manor. In a poll taken for the BBC's Breakfast programme on 19 January 2007, Yarm's High Street was voted the 'Best High Street':^[14] the street and its cobbled parking areas is fronted by many Georgian-style old buildings, with their red pantile roofs.

The A67, which runs through High Street was previously classified as the A19 until a dual carriageway was built in the 1970s, about three miles south of the town near the village of Crathorne;^[15] when the A19 ran through High Street, it was heavily congested. The road was used by heavy goods traffic as a shortcut to Durham Tees Valley Airport, formerly called Teesside Airport;^[16] the classification of the road as an 'A'-road meant that it was difficult to place a ban on heavy goods vehicles; however the town council made efforts to come up with voluntary agreements with many haulage firms^[16] until 2012, when all HGV traffic was banned from the route through Yarm and Egglescliffe.^[17]

Yarm has multiple areas of woodland, most of which are part of private estates.^{[citation needed]} The Rookery is a public area by the River Tees situated at the bottom of Goose Pasture; the ash, sycamore and lime woodland is about 200 years old and owned by Yarm Town Council.^[18] In 2002, a walkway was constructed around the wood to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. Within the woodland, close to the river, BMX riders have created numerous dirt ramps which are regularly used during summer months.

Governance[edit]

House of Commons[edit]

Yarm is part of the Stockton South Parliamentary Constituency which is represented in the House of Commons since 8 May 2017 by Dr Paul Williams (Labour), "a local GP".

From 2010 to 2017 the constituency was represented by James Wharton (Conservative); He was elected on 6 May 2010^[19] for Stockton South. James Wharton was re-elected with an increased majority on 7 May 2015. In August 2016 he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for International Development.

From 1997 to 2010, the constituency was represented by Dari Taylor (Labour).^[20]

Borough Council[edit]

The Yarm ward of Stockton, which includes Kirklevington, has three local councillors sitting on Stockton Borough Council. From 3 May 2007 until May 2011, they were Conservative councillors Jennie Beaumont, Jackie Earl and Andrew Sherris.^{[citation needed]}

2007 Stockton on Tees Local Elections – Yarm Ward^{[citation needed]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal Democrat	Philip Addison	452	5.19%
	Yarm Independents Association	John Anderson	817	9.39%
	Conservative	Jennie Beaumont	1358	15.60%
	Conservative	Jackie Earl	1223	14.05%
	Liberal Democrat	Alan Kirby Judge	493	5.66%
	Yarm Independents Association	Christopher Neil	740	8.50%
	Labour	Victoria Eileen Parker	297	3.41%
	Conservative	Andrew Sherris	1268	14.57%
	Yarm Independents Association	Marjorie Simpson	1005	11.55%
	Labour	Simon Rogers Tranter	301	3.46%
	Labour	Eric Turton	294	3.38%
	Liberal Democrat	Mike Wade	455	5.23%

From 5 May 2011, Conservatives Mark Chatburn, Ben Houchen, and Andrew Sherris became the councillors on the Stockton on Tees Borough Council for the Yarm Ward.^{[citation needed]} Mark Chatburn subsequently defected to UKIP on 22 March 2013.^{[citation needed]}

2011 Stockton on Tees Local Elections – Yarm Ward^{[citation needed]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Mark Chatburn	1721	15.52%
	Liberal Democrat	Natasha Craggs	186	1.68%
	Conservative	Ben Houchen	1556	14.03%
	Yarm Independent Association	Christopher Neil	1218	10.99%
	Labour	Vicky Parker	610	5.50%
	Conservative	Andrew Sherris	1829	16.50%
	Yarm Independent Association	Marjorie Simpson	1287	11.61%
	Labour	Simon Tranter	666	6.01%
	Labour	Eric Turton	620	5.59%
	Yarm Independent Association	Robert Wegg	1101	9.93%
	Liberal Democrat	Jonathan Wylie	152	1.37%
	Liberal Democrat	Lindsay Wylie	141	1.27%

Town council[edit]

The town has a town council which is responsible for certain aspects of the town's administration, including allotments and the cemetery, it meets once a month in the town hall.^[21]

Yarm Town Council has eleven seats with a chairman who, for ceremonial purposes, is 'Mayor'; the Standing Orders of the Council restrict the chairman's period of office to two years in any four-year period. The current (2015) chairman is Clr Jason Hadlow.^[22] Elections for the council are held every four years.

December 2008 by-election[edit]

A by-election was held for two vacant seats on the council after the resignation of one, and disqualification of another Conservative councillor.^{[citation needed]} The Conservative Party fielded two candidates against two Independent candidates who stood under the banner 'Former Councillor'.^{[citation needed]} The Labour Party and Liberal Democrats chose not to field any candidates, the former instead backing the Independents.^{[citation needed]} Turnout for the election was low, with the Conservative candidates elected by a small margin.^{[citation needed]}

December 2008 Yarm Town Council by-election^{[citation needed]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent	Philip Addison	498	24%	n/a
	Conservative	Mike Hornby	538	26%	n/a
	Independent	Peter Monck	491	24%	n/a
	Conservative	Sarah Sherwood	546	26%	n/a

October 2009 by-election[edit]

After the departure of a Conservative councillor, a by-election was held on 15 October 2009 for one seat on the town council. Peter Monck, a former town councillor and Liberal Democrat candidate for Stockton South in the 1997 general election stood as an independent candidate against Paul Smith, a Conservative party candidate.^{[citation needed]}

October 2009 Yarm Town Council by-election^{[citation needed]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent	Peter Monck	579	46%	n/a
	Conservative	Paul Smith	683	54%	n/a

Transport[edit]

The 2,280-foot-long (690 m) railway viaduct was built between 1849 and 1851 for the Leeds Northern Railway Company, its designers were Thomas Grainger and John Bourne. It comprises seven million bricks, and has 43 arches, with the two that span the river Tees being skewed and made of stone;^[23][24] the current un-manned modern station, opened in 1996, is located on Green Lane near Conyers School, about a mile south of Yarm High Street.

• Road access: the A67 leading to Durham Tees Valley Airport and Darlington in the north west, the A135 leading to the A66 and Stockton in the north, the B1265 leading to the A167 and Northallerton in the west, the A1044 leading to the A174 and Middlesbrough in the east, and the A67 leading to the A19 and Thirsk in the south
• Rail access: Yarm Station also Eaglescliffe railway station
• Nearest airport: Durham Tees Valley Airport (MME)

Arriva North East is the main bus operator serving Yarm and operate the following services:

• Service 7: Yarm Willey Flatts–Eaglescliffe–Stockton
• Service 12A Yarm–Hartburn–Stockton–Teesdale–Middlesbrough
• Service X6 Yarm–Ingleby Barwick–Middlesbrough

WP & M Hutchinson operate one route serving Yarm:

• Service 82 Yarm–Hutton Rudby–Stokesley

Leven Valley Coaches is the other operator, running the following services:

• Service 507: Yarm–Hilton–Maltby–Thornaby–Stockton
• Service 551: Willey Flatts–Eaglescliffe–Stockton–Billingham–Low Grange
• Service 577: Yarm Willey Flatts–Eaglescliffe–Stockton

Religion[edit]

Yarm Parish Church is the Anglican parish church, dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, it is situated on West Street, where there has been a church on the site since at least the 9th century. It was last rebuilt from the remains of the second, Norman, church in 1730, it is a Grade II* listed building.^[25] The Roman Catholic (RC) church of Ss Mary and Romuald, built in 1860, is at the south end of High Street, it is a Grade II listed building.^[26] Yarm Methodist Church, an octagonal church built in 1763, is on Chapel Yard, on the east side of the town by the river, and is the oldest octagonal church in current use in Methodism,^[27] it is a Grade II listed building.^[28]

Sports[edit]

Yarm Rugby Club is based at Wass Way, Eaglescliffe; the club has grown significantly since forming in February 1998. They run teams and training sessions for most ages from youth to seniors. Currently playing in Durham and Northumberland Division 3.

Yarm Cricket Club is situated on Leven Road, and has been in existence since 1814, it runs three senior teams in the North Yorkshire South Durham League, and four junior sides – under 11s, under 13s, under 15s and under 17s – who all play competitive cricket throughout the season. In recent years,^[when?] Yarm's third team, who play on a Sunday, have been the most successful team in the club, winning the NYSD Sunday Division 1 on several occasions, along with the League and Cup double in 2008.^{[citation needed]}

Other sports facilities within Yarm include a floodlit state-of-the-art^{[clarification needed]} 4G football pitch, located at Conyers School. This facility is run by the Go-Sport group and has been the home ground for local youth and adult football clubs, including Yarm Town Juniors and Yarm FC. In 2016, the Go-Sport group hosted an FA-accredited 11-a-side Midweek Football League, contested by various local clubs, including TIBS F.C. from Ingleby Barwick. The winners of this inaugural trophy were L&H F.C., who had a 3–1 victory in the final.^[29]

Events[edit]

Many events are held in the town each year such as a Gala, Fair and a 5 km Fun Run. After lying dormant for almost 100 years the Yarm Gala restarted in 2008.

A charter to hold a weekly market was granted by King John in 1207, it lapsed,^[when?] but was revived in 2011 as a Farmers' Market. It is held on the second Sunday of each month.

A fair is held in High Street in the third week in October, it starts on the Tuesday^[30] evening, and is officially opened on the Thursday. It lasts until Saturday night, it was once a commercial fair that traded in cheese and livestock, but is now primarily a funfair. Travellers still attend the fair and ride horses up and down the street on the Saturday; the travellers have to wait outside the town until 6:00 pm on the Tuesday, at which point they are allowed to cross the bridge over the River Tees into the town.^{[citation needed]}

Yarm has an annual fun run; the 5 km run starts at Conyers School, and ends on Snaith's Field. It used to end outside Yarm Parish Church, but this changed some time around 1998.^{[citation needed]}

Yarm and District Lions Club run a charities fair in High Street every year; this mostly takes a market-like approach.^{[citation needed]}

A ceremony takes place each Advent to light up the town's Christmas tree. Christmas carols are sung to a band, and the High Street is temporarily closed for the event.^{[citation needed]}

Education[edit]

There are three primary schools in the town:

• Levendale (single form entry)
• Yarm Primary School (two form entry)
• Layfield Primary School (single form entry)

Conyers School, with about 1,400 pupils, is a mixed comprehensive school; it has also a sixth-form, it was founded in 1594 as 'the Free Grammar School' by Thomas Conyers. Following the change to comprehensive education, it was renamed to reflect its founder. Conyers is a specialist school for maths and computing.^{[citation needed]}

The town is home to the independent Yarm School with about 1,200 pupils; the senior school being situated at the Friarage, and the preparatory school and nursery at the old Yarm Grammar School; the school was founded in 1978, some time after the re-designation of the original grammar school. The school had plans to move within the next decade to a site near to their playing fields on Green Lane, south of the town. However, planning permission was not granted by the local council, and Yarm School is no longer planning to move, instead choosing to renovate and improve the current site.^{[citation needed]}

Public services[edit]

On the southern edge of the built up area of Yarm, is HM Prison Kirklevington Grange, a men's resettlement prison for inmates intending to settle, on release, in the North East of England.^{[citation needed]}

Notable people[edit]

People associated with the town include John Wesley, founder of Methodism,^{[citation needed]} and Tom Brown, hero of the Battle of Dettingen, who consequently became the last man to be knighted on the battlefield. His old house is still located on the High Street and dates from around 1480, pre-dating the Elizabethan period and is the oldest standing dwelling in the former County of Cleveland.^[31]

Yarm has also been home to professional footballers including Middlesbrough and Dutch international George Boateng who now works outside the UK, and former Valencia and Spain International Gaizka Mendieta.^{[citation needed]} Former England boss Steve McClaren also regularly visits the town,^[32] as his family home is situated in the neighbouring village of Aislaby. Iron Maiden guitarist Janick Gers, and West End playwright and international screenwriter Graham Farrow also live in Yarm.^{[citation needed]} The cricketer William Halton was born at Yarm.

Twinned towns[edit]

Yarm is twinned with two other European towns:

• Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany^{[citation needed]}
• Vernouillet, France^{[citation needed]}

There is also an agreement with Olkusz, in Poland.^[33]

On 2 July 2005, two trees were planted to the north of the town hall to mark the 20th anniversary of the twinning between Yarm and the two towns; the trees were marked with plaques.^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Winn, Christopher (2010). I Never Knew That About Yorkshire. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-09-193313-5.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yarm.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Yarm.