Yegor Semyonovich Stroyev is a Russian politician and statesman who served as chairman of the Federation Council of Russia between 1996 and 2001. Previously, he was governor of Oryol Oblast from 1993 to 2009. He had a major post in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Stroyev was reelected as governor with a very large majority. He was removed from his position on February 16, 2009, by Dmitry Medvedev due to economic concerns.

The Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, also called Speaker (спикер), is the presiding officer of the Upper house of the Russian parliament. It is the third highest position, after the President and the Prime Minister, in the government of Russia. In the case of incapacity of the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes Acting President of Russia.