1.
ICAO airport code
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The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a four-character alphanumeric code designating aerodromes around the world. ICAO codes are used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, International Flight Service Stations or Area Control Centers. Flight information regions are identified by a unique ICAO-code. Code selections in North America were based on existing radio station identifiers, for example, radio stations in Canada were already starting with C, so it seemed logical to begin Canadian airport identifiers with Cxxx. The United States had many pre-existing airports with established mnemonic codes and their ICAO codes were formed simply by prepending a K to the existing codes, as half the radio station identifiers in the US began with K. Most ICAO codes outside the US and Canada have a geographical structure. Most of the rest of the world was classified in a more planned top-down manner, thus Uxxx referred to the Soviet Union with the second letter denoting the specific region within it, and so forth. Europe had too many locations for one starting letter, so it was split into Exxx for northern Europe. The second letter was more specific, EGxx was the United Kingdom, EDxx was West Germany, ETxx was East Germany, LExx was Spain, LAxx was Albania, France was designated LFxx, as the counterpart EFxx was the unambiguously northern Finland. ICAO codes are separate and different from IATA codes, which are used for airline timetables, reservations. For example, the IATA code for Londons Heathrow Airport is LHR, in general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country. Far more aerodromes have ICAO codes than IATA codes, and to add to the confusion IATA codes are assigned to railway stations. Unlike the IATA codes, the ICAO codes generally have a structure and are comprehensive. In general, the first letter is allocated by continent and represents a country or group of countries within that continent, the second letter generally represents a country within that region, and the remaining two are used to identify each airport. The exception to rule is larger countries that have single-letter country codes. In either case, ICAO codes generally provide geographical context unlike IATA codes, for example, if one knows that the ICAO code for Heathrow is EGLL, then one can deduce that the airport EGGP is somewhere in the UK. On the other hand, knowing that the IATA code for Heathrow is LHR does not enable one to deduce the location of the airport LHV with any greater certainty, there are a few exceptions to the regional structure of the ICAO code made for political or administrative reasons. Similarly Saint Pierre and Miquelon is controlled by France, and airports there are assigned LFxx as though they were in Europe, further, in region L, all available 2-letter prefixes have been exhausted and thus no additional countries can be added
2.
Government of the Northwest Territories
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The Politics of Northwest Territories involves not only the governance of the Northwest Territories but also the social, economic and political issues specific to the territory. Key to the politics and governance of the Northwest Territories are the limits on the jurisdiction of the territorial government, Territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government. The devolution and delegation of power to the territory has always been a factor in the territory’s politics, a hallmark of politics in the Northwest Territories is that it operates as under a “consensus government” system. Candidates for election to the legislature do not stand as members of a political party. While some candidates may express an affiliation or membership with a party, party membership is not recognized in the legislature, as a result, the Members of the Legislative Assembly select a Premier by way of a secret ballot, rather than on the basis of party affiliation. Local governance has been an issue in the territory. This latter issue lead, in part, to the division of the territory into the Northwest Territories, language has also been a long-standing issue in Northwest Territory politics. French became a language, along with English, in 1877. History of Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories Politics of Canada Political Culture of Canada Council of the Federation NWT Legislative Assembly Elections NWT
3.
Yellowknife
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Yellowknife is the capital and only city, as well as the largest community in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is located on the shore of Great Slave Lake, approximately 400 km south of the Arctic Circle. The current population is ethnically mixed, of the eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories, five are spoken in significant numbers in Yellowknife, Dene Suline, Dogrib, South and North Slavey, English, and French. In the Dogrib language, the city is known as Sǫ̀mbakè, the Yellowknife settlement is considered to have been founded in 1934, after gold was found in the area, although commercial activity in the present-day waterfront area did not begin until 1936. Yellowknife quickly became the centre of activity in the NWT. As gold production began to wane, Yellowknife shifted from being a town to a centre of government services in the 1980s. However, with the discovery of diamonds north of Yellowknife in 1991, traditionally, First Nations people of Yellowknives Dene culture had occupied this region, by the 1930s they had a settlement on a point of land on the east side of Yellowknife Bay, Dettah. The current municipal area of Yellowknife was occupied by prospectors who ventured into the region in the mid-1930s, blakeney, made the first discovery of gold in the Yellowknife Bay area in 1898. The discovery was viewed as unimportant in those days because of the Klondike Gold Rush, in the late 1920s, aircraft were first used to explore Canadas Arctic regions. Samples of uranium and silver were uncovered at Great Bear Lake in the early 1930s, in 1933 two prospectors, Herb Dixon and Johnny Baker, canoed down the Yellowknife River from Great Bear Lake to survey for possible mineral deposits. They found gold samples at Quyta Lake, about 30 km up the Yellowknife River, the following year, Johnny Baker returned as part of a larger crew to develop the previous gold finds and search for more. Gold was found on the east side of Yellowknife Bay in 1934, when government geologists uncovered gold in more favourable geology on the west side of Yellowknife Bay in the fall of 1935, a small staking rush occurred. From 1935 to 1937, one prospector and trapper named Winslow C, Ranney staked in the area between David Lake and Rater Lake with few commercial results. The nearby hill known as Ranney Hill is his namesake and a hiking destination today. Although Con Mine was the most impressive gold deposit and its development created the excitement that led to the first settlement of Yellowknife in 1936–1937, Some of the first businesses were Corona Inn, Weaver & Devore Trading, Yellowknife Supplies and post office, and the Wildcat Cafe. Con Mine entered production on September 5,1938, the population of Yellowknife quickly grew to 1,000 by 1940, and by 1942, five gold mines were in production in the Yellowknife region. However, by 1944, gold production had ground to a halt as men were needed for the war effort, an exploration program at the Giant Mine property on the north end of town had suggested a sizable gold deposit in 1944. This new find resulted in a massive post-war staking rush to Yellowknife and it also resulted in new discoveries at the Con Mine, greatly extending the life of the mine
4.
Northwest Territories
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The Northwest Territories is a territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately 1,144,000 km2 and its estimated population as of 2016 is 44,291. Yellowknife became the capital in 1967, following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission. The Northwest Territories are bordered by Canadas two other territories, Nunavut to the east and Yukon to the west, and by the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan to the south. The name is descriptive, adopted by the British government during the era to indicate where it lay in relation to Ruperts Land. It is shortened from North-Western Territory, in Inuktitut, the Northwest Territories are referred to as ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ, beautiful land. There was some discussion of changing the name of the Northwest Territories after the splitting off of Nunavut, one proposal was Denendeh, as advocated by the former premier Stephen Kakfwi, among others. One of the most popular proposals for a new name – one to name the territory Bob – began as a prank, in the end a poll conducted prior to division showed that strong support remained to keep the name Northwest Territories. This name arguably became more appropriate following division than it had been when the territories extended far into Canadas north-central and it possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has an area of 1,183,085 km2. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island and its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m. The Northwest Territories extends for more than 1,300,000 km2 and has a large climate variant from south to north, the southern part of the territory has a subarctic climate, while the islands and northern coast have a polar climate. Summers in the north are short and cool, with highs in the mid teens Celsius. Winters are long and harsh, daytime highs in the mid −20 °C, extremes are common with summer highs in the south reaching 36 °C and lows reaching into the negatives. In winter in the south, it is not uncommon for the temperatures to reach −40 °C, in the north, temperatures can reach highs of 30 °C, and lows can reach into the low negatives. In winter in the north it is not uncommon for the temperatures to reach −50 °C, thunderstorms are not rare in the south. In the north they are rare, but do occur. Tornadoes are extremely rare but have happened with the most notable one happening just outside Yellowknife that destroyed a communications tower, the Territory has a fairly dry climate due to the mountains in the west
5.
Airline hub
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Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airliners to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport. They serve as points to get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system, an airline operates flights from several non-hub cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities need to connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve city-pairs that could not be economically served on a non-stop basis. This system contrasts with the point-to-point model, in there are no hubs. Hub airports also serve origin and destination traffic, the hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads, a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, additional employees and facilities are needed to cater to connecting passengers. To serve spoke cities of varying populations and demand, an airline requires several aircraft types, in addition, airlines may experience capacity constraints as they expand at their hub airports. For the passenger, the system offers one-stop air service to a wide array of destinations. However, having to make connections en route to their final destination increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs, allowing them to increase fares. Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in several flights arrive. The banks may be known as peaks of activity at the hubs, banking allows for short connection times for passengers. In addition, banking could result in inefficient aircraft utilisation, with aircraft waiting at spoke cities for the next bank, instead, some airlines have debanked their hubs, introducing a rolling hub in which flight arrivals and departures are spread throughout the day. This phenomenon is known as depeaking. While costs may decrease, connection times are longer at a rolling hub, American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs, the hub-and-spoke system is also used by some cargo airlines. FedEx Express established its main hub in Memphis in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air industry in the United States
6.
Adlair Aviation
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Adlair Aviation Ltd. was founded in 1983 as a family-owned charter airline in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Adlair Aviation was established by one of the pilots, Willy Laserich. It is based in Cambridge Bay and has offices in Yellowknife. It operates out of Cambridge Bay Airport, also, Adlair operates a docking area at the Cambridge Bay Water Aerodrome. Adlair primarily provided MEDIVAC or air ambulance services to the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut with flight nurses from Medflight, OConnor, who lives in Yellowknife, was awarded the Order of Canada in 2007 for her work in the medical field. In August 2011 the Government of Nunavut announced that the contract for the Kitikmeot Region had been given to Air Tindi, along with its partner Arsaniq. Adlair has appealed to the Nunavummi Nangminiqaqtunik Ikajuuti and a decision is expected by 11 October 2011, the decision to dismiss the appeal was made 29 October 2011 and the new released 31 October. Adlair were given an extension on their contract until the end of November 2011, the plane in the incident was a Beechcraft King Air. While about 180 km from the airport, and at 23,000 ft, the aircraft landed in Cambridge Bay with the damaged door partially open and no injuries to the flight crew or the other passenger. An inquest has been called by Nunavuts chief coroner which will begin on December 7
7.
Air Tindi
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Air Tindi is an airline based in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Now owned by Discovery Air, it scheduled and on demand charter services. Its main base is Yellowknife Airport and the airline was owned by the Arychuk family. The name Tindi means the big lake or Great Slave Lake in the local native Tłı̨chǫ Yatiì language, Air Tindi was established by two families, Alex Arychuk and his wife Sheila, and his brother Peter Arychuk and his wife Teri. It began operations on 1 November 1988, with four float/ski aircraft, in 1991, Air Tindi merged with Latham Island Airways and acquired a further four aircraft in the process. By mid-1992, Air Tindi was operating four Twin Otters on floats, in 1993, its first large aircraft was purchased, a DHC4 Caribou for re-supply work with the mining industry. A DHC Dash 7 was acquired in 1996, on 19 December 2006, Air Tindi was sold to Discovery Air, a publicly traded holding company based in London, Ontario. The founders originally maintained their positions with Air Tindi, but various corporate disagreements led to Alex Arychuk leaving as president, the current holder of the contract, Adlair Aviation, has appealed to the Nunavummi Nangminiqaqtunik Ikajuuti and a decision was expected by 11 October 2011. The decision to dismiss the appeal was made 29 October 2011, Adlair was given an extension on their contract until the end of November 2011. There were, including the pilot, four people on the aircraft, the condition of the two survivors was not disclosed but they had been sent to Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife
8.
Discovery Air
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Discovery Air, founded in 2004, is a specialized aviation company that operates primarily in Canada. Through its subsidiary companies, Discovery Air provides aviation and aviation related services for corporate customers, Discovery Air operating units provide fixed-wing and rotary-wing services, and logistics and remote operations management services. This includes cargo and passenger air services throughout Canada, vital medivac air services in the north. Discovery Air also provides a range of maintenance, repair and overhaul services to customers through Discovery Air Technical Services. Headquartered in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories and traded publicly on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol DA. A,2004 - Discovery Air is incorporated by the Pacific & Western Bank of Canada. 2004 - Discovery Air acquires 50% of Hicks & Lawrence, later renamed Discovery Air Fire Services,2006 - Discovery Air completes an initial public offering of $3.85 million. 2006 - Discovery Air acquires Great Slave Helicopters,2006 - Discovery Air acquires Air Tindi. 2007 - Discovery Air purchases the Wheel Division Assets of Walsten Air Service,2007 - Discovery Air acquires Top Aces, later renamed Discovery Air Defence Services. 2011 - Discovery Air announces the opening of a new business unit,2012 - Discovery Air Innovations sign a provisional deal with Hybrid Air Vehicles to purchase hybrid airships for use in Northern Canada. The deal, which the companies hoped to have finalised by 2012,2011 - Discovery Air Fire Services announces launch of new subsidiary, Discovery Aviation Academy. 2012 - Discovery Air announces that it has repaid the 2009 government loan 10 months early,2012 - On 8 August 2012, it was announced that Discovery Air had let the deal with Hybrid Air Vehicles lapse as they no longer wished to purchase the vehicles. 2012 - Great Slave Helicopters acquires Helicopters. cl SpA.2012 - Great Slave Helicopters acquires Northern Air Support,2013 - Discovery Air acquires Advanced Training Systems International Inc.2016 - Premier Aviation completes purchase of Discovery Air Technical Services. 2017 - Discovery Air completes the sale of Discovery Air Fire Services, founded in 1984, Great Slave Helicopters is a VFR and IFR helicopter operator in Canada with 64 helicopters in its fleet. Air Tindi, founded in 1988, is an airline based in Yellowknife. With their main base as the Yellowknife Airport, they provide scheduled, with 24 fixed-wing aircraft in their fleet, they are capable of transporting 46 passengers or 10,000 pounds of cargo. Tindi has the largest medivac fleet in Northern Canada, former fighter pilots fly Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet, Douglas A-4 and IAI Westwind aircraft. As per the Civil Aircraft Register, the Great Slave fleet consists of 64 helicopters, the Great Slave website also lists the Bell 407 that is not shown in the Transport Canada registration list. Numbers correct as of January 4,2013, Great Slave Helicopters acquired Northern Air Support on February 21,2012 which is based in Kelowna, British Columbia with a base in Rocky Mountain House, Alberta
Media related to Yellowknife Airport at Wikimedia Commons
