1.
Novellus Systems
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Novellus Systems Inc. was a company founded by Brad Mattson that developed, manufactured, sold, and serviced semiconductor equipment used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Novellus Systems was founded in 1984 and is headquartered in San Jose, the company maintains engineering & manufacturing facilities in Tualatin, Oregon and San Jose, California. Also, Novellus has a component design and software development facility in Bangalore, in December 2011, Novellus agreed to be acquired by Lam Research for $3.3 billion. The acquisition was completed in June 2012, Novellus product lines were called ALTUS, ATHENA, GAMMA, INOVA, SABRE, SOLA, SPEED, and VECTOR, SEQUEL and assisted semiconductor companies with manufacturing
2.
IPad (3rd generation)
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The third-generation iPad is a tablet computer, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. It shipped with iOS5.1, which provides a platform for audio-visual media, including electronic books, periodicals, films, music, computer games, presentations. In the US and Canada, nine variations of the third-generation iPad were offered, compared to six in the rest of the world, each variation was available with black or white front glass panels, with options for 16,32, or 64 GB of storage. In North America, connectivity options were Wi-Fi only, Wi-Fi + 4G on Verizon, AT&T, Telus, Rogers, the Wi-Fi + Cellular model includes GPS capability. The tablet was released in ten countries on March 16,2012 and it gained mostly positive reviews, earning praise for its Retina display, processor and 4G capabilities. However, controversy arose when the LTE incompatibilities became known, three million units were sold in the first three days. After only seven months of availability, the third-generation iPad was discontinued on October 23,2012. The third-generation iPad had the shortest lifespan of any iOS product and it is also the last iPad to support the 30-pin dock connector, as the fourth generation iPad and later use the Lightning connector. Speculation about the product began shortly after Apple released the iPad 2, speculation increased after news of a 2,048 by 1,536 pixel screen leaked. During this time, the tablet was called the iPad 3, on February 9,2012, John Paczkowski of All Things Digital stated that Apple’s not holding an event in February – strange, unusual or otherwise. But it is holding one in March – to launch its next iPad, another common rumor at the time was that the tablet would have an Apple A6 processor. On February 29,2012, Apple announced an event scheduled for March 7,2012. The company did not predisclose the subject of the event, the announcement affected the tablet resale market positively. At the event, Apple CEO Tim Cook introduced iOS5.1, a Japanese version of Siri, and the third generation Apple TV before the third-generation iPad. Cook claimed that the new product would be one of the contributors to the emerging post-PC world – a world in which digital life would not be tied to the PC. The March 16,2012, release included eight countries including Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the March 23,2012, release included many European countries, Mexico and Macau. The April 20,2012, release added a dozen countries including South Korea, the April 27,2012, release added nine more countries, including India and South Africa. May 2012 releases added 31 countries, including Brazil and Turkey, on October 23,2012, upon the announcement of the fourth-generation iPad, the third-generation iPad was discontinued
3.
Contemporary art
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Contemporary art is the art of today, produced by artists who are living in the twenty-first century. Contemporary art provides an opportunity to reflect on contemporary society and the relevant to ourselves. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and their art is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that challenge traditional boundaries and defy easy definition. In vernacular English, modern and contemporary are synonyms, resulting in some conflation of the modern art. Some define contemporary art as art produced within our lifetime, recognizing that lifetimes, however, there is a recognition that this generic definition is subject to specialized limitations. The classification of art as a special type of art, rather than a general adjectival phrase. In London, the Contemporary Art Society was founded in 1910 by the critic Roger Fry and others, as a private society for buying works of art to place in public museums. A number of other institutions using the term were founded in the 1930s, such as in 1938 the Contemporary Art Society of Adelaide, Australia, particular points that have been seen as marking a change in art styles include the end of World War II and the 1960s. There has perhaps been a lack of natural break points since the 1960s, and definitions of what contemporary art in the 2010s vary. Art from the past 20 years is likely to be included, and definitions often include art going back to about 1970, the art of the late 20th and early 21st century. Many use the formulation Modern and Contemporary Art, which avoids this problem, smaller commercial galleries, magazines and other sources may use stricter definitions, perhaps restricting the contemporary to work from 2000 onwards. One of the many people have in approaching contemporary artwork is its diversity - diversity of material, form, subject matter. It is distinguished by the lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology, or -ism that we so often see in other. Broadly speaking, we see Modernism as looking at modernist principals - the focus of the work is self-referential, likewise, Impressionism looks at our perception of a moment through light and color as opposed to attempts at stark realism. Contemporary art, on the hand, does not have one. Its view, instead, is refracted, prismatic, and multi-faceted, reflecting the diversity of the world today, in all of its complexities, contemporary art reflects life as we know it. It can be, therefore, contradictory, confusing, and open-ended, there are, however, a number of common themes that have appeared in contemporary works. Post-modern, post-structuralist, feminist, and Marxist theory have played important roles in the development of theories of art
4.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
5.
Yerba Buena Gardens
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Yerba Buena Gardens is the name for two blocks of public parks located between Third and Fourth, Mission and Folsom Streets in downtown San Francisco, California. The first block bordered by Mission and Howard Streets was opened on October 11,1993, the second block, between Howard and Folsom Streets, was opened in 1998, with a dedication to Martin Luther King, Jr. by Mayor Willie Brown. A pedestrian bridge over Howard Street connects the two blocks, sitting on top of part of the Moscone Center convention center. Yerba Buena was the name of the town in the Mexican territory of Alta California that became the city of San Francisco, California, in 1999 the Yerba Buena Gardens received the Gold Medal of the biannual Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence. Furthermore, the jury applauded the evolution of the development process to an inclusive model involving multiple constituencies. Even during the design stages there were struggles regarding the building program. But what about the kids of the central city, a Redevelopment Agency that hands out free land for art museums for the wealthy in Yerba Buena but cant find funding for a bowling center too has no moral values. Consequently, the SFRA backed down from its plan and the alley was re-included. The original block opened in 1993 contains several art installations. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is located behind a waterfall, the entire memorial was a collaborative project between Sculptor Houston Conwill, Poet Estella Majoza and Architect Joseph De Pace. In the sculptors words, The Memorial is “a sacred space … meant to be experienced as a cultural pilgrimage, an ice skating rink, a bowling alley, and a restored 1905 carousel originally located at Playland-at-the-Beach can also be found in the South block. Eateries within the gardens include the B Restaurant and Grill and the Samovar Tea Lounge on the North blocks terrace, Mos Grill on the South blocks upper walkway, and a snack shop by the carousel. Nearby museums include, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Contemporary Jewish Museum, Museum of the African Diaspora, Childrens Creativity Museum, other exhibiting institutions nearby include SF Planning and Urban Research Association and California Historical Society. The Mexican Museum is planned to be built across Mission Street as part the 53-story Yerba Buena tower, the project is planned to cost $500 million and will complete the Yerba Buena district redevelopment area, which apart from the Yerba Buena Gardens includes the Metreon and Moscone Center. Located within two blocks of Yerba Buena Gardens are many hotels, museums, and retail centers, the St. Regis Museum Tower, W Hotel San Francisco, San Francisco Marriott, Four Seasons, and InterContinental Hotel San Francisco are some of the largest hotels in the area. Retail in the include the Metreon bordering the North block. Moscone Center South of Market, San Francisco, California Yerba Buena Center for the Arts Yerba Buena page maintained by the management of gardens
6.
San Francisco Bay Area
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The San Francisco Bay Area is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco. The Bay Areas nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California, the fifth-largest in the United States, the Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States, and is known for its natural beauty, liberal politics, entrepreneurship, and diversity. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay, the inner East Bay is more densely populated, with generally older buildings, and a more ethnically diverse population. The word Lamorinda was coined by combining the names of the cities it includes, Lafayette, Moraga, walnut Creek is situated east of Lamorinda and north of the San Ramon Valley and, together with Concord, Martinez, and Pleasant Hill comprises Central Contra Costa County. The cities of Antioch, Pittsburg, Brentwood, Oakley and the areas surrounding them comprise East Contra Costa County. The Tri-Valley consists of the Amador, the Livermore, and the San Ramon Valleys, dublin and Pleasanton comprise the Amador Valley, Livermore lies in the Livermore Valley, and the San Ramon Valley consists of Alamo, Danville, Diablo and its namesake, San Ramon. The outer East Bay is connected to the inner East Bay by BART, Interstate 580 to the south, and State Routes State Route 4 to the north, the outer East Bays infrastructure was mostly built up after World War II. This area remains largely white demographically, although the Hispanic and Filipino populations have grown significantly over the past 2–3 decades, the region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area encompasses Marin County, Sonoma County, Napa County, the city of Fairfield, being part of Solano County, is often considered the easternmost city of the North Bay. With few exceptions, this region is affluent, Marin County is ranked as the wealthiest in the state. The North Bay is relatively rural compared to the remainder of the Bay Area, with areas of undeveloped open space, farmland. Santa Rosa in Sonoma County is the North Bays largest city, with a population of 167,815 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area population of 466,891, making it the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. The North Bay is the section of the Bay Area that is not currently served by a commuter rail service. The area from San Francisco to the Silicon Valley, geographically part of the San Francisco Peninsula, is known locally as The Peninsula, many of these families are of foreign background and have significantly contributed to the diversity of the area. Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula, in local terms, San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, the north, east, and west. The city squeezes roughly 870,000 people in under 47 square miles, on any given day, there can be as many as 1 million people in the city because of the commuting population and tourism
7.
Fumihiko Maki
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Fumihiko Maki is a Japanese architect who teaches at Keio University SFC. In 1993, he received the Pritzker Prize for his work, after studying at the University of Tokyo, graduating in 1952, he moved to the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, graduating with a masters degree in 1953. He then studied at Harvard Graduate School of Design, graduating with a Master of Architecture degree in 1954 and this building remained his only completed work in the United States until 1993, when he completed the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts building in San Francisco. In 2006, he returned to Washington University in St. Louis to design the new home for the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, in 1960 he returned to Japan to help establish the Metabolism Group. He worked for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in New York City and for Sert Jackson and Associates in Cambridge, Massachusetts and founded Maki, in 2006, he was invited to join the judging panel for an international design competition for the new Gardens by the Bay in Singapore. Maki designed a building for the MIT Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts. After completing a $330 million expansion of the United Nations building in Manhattan, while it has criticized his 51 Astor Place project as out of place, New York magazine called Tower 4 pretty exquisite. Maki will be designing the London campus of the Aga Khan University along with a centre as part of the Kings Cross development project. Steinberg Hall at Washington University Hillside Terrace work at Expo 70, with Kenzo Tange and others St. Louis, June 196410 Stories of Collective Housing, by a+t research group. Tokio, 1967-1998 Maki and Associates, official site Pritzker Prize – Fumiho Maki Interview with Fumihiko Maki Images of Tower 4, WTC
