Yeruham is a town in the Southern District of Israel, in the Negev desert. It covers 38,584 dunams, and had a population of 11,170 in 2022. It is named after the Biblical Jeroham.

The Southern District is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated. It covers most of the Negev desert, as well as the Arava valley. The population of the Southern District is 1,086,240 and its area is 14,185 km2. Its population is 79.66% Jewish and 12.72% Arab, with 7.62% of other origins.