1.
Apple Records
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Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968, as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as an outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger. In practice, by the mid-1970s, the roster had become dominated with releases by the former Beatles as solo artists, Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973. It was then managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and he retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones. At this time, the Beatles were contracted to EMIs Parlophone label in the United Kingdom, in a new distribution deal, EMI and Capitol agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1975, while EMI retained ownership of the Beatles recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles videos and movie clips, and the rights to recordings of other artists signed to the label. The first catalogue number, Apple 1, was a pressing of Frank Sinatra singing Maureen Is a Champ to the melody of The Lady Is a Tramp for Ringo Starrs then-wife Maureen. BeatlesandBeyond Radio presenter Pete Dicks reports that the title is actually Lady is a Champ, in 1969, the Beatles were in need of financial and managerial direction and Lennon was approached by Allen Klein, manager of the Rolling Stones at the time. Klein went on to manage Apple, by virtue of his support from the Beatles. McCartney had suggested his then new father-in-law Lee Eastman for the job, after Klein took control of Apple, several sub-divisions, including Apple Electronics, were shut down, and some of Apple Records artistic roster effectively dropped. Thereafter, new signings were not so numerous, and tended to arrive through the actions of ex-Beatles. McCartney had little input into Apple Records roster after 1970, Klein managed Apple Corp. until March 1973 when his contract expired. In May 1971, the Beatles entire pre-Apple catalogue on the American Capitol label were re-issued on the Apple label, after Kleins departure, Apple was then managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and their heirs. Apple Records distribution contract with EMI expired in 1976 and control of the Beatles catalogue, including solo recordings to date by George Harrison, John Lennon and Ringo Starr, reverted to EMI. The original UK versions of the Beatles albums were released worldwide on compact disc in 1987 and 1988 on the Parlophone label, previously, Abbey Road had been issued on CD by the EMI-Odeon label in Japan in the early 1980s. Although this was a release, it was not authorised by the Beatles. Following the settlement of Apples ten-year lawsuit against EMI in 1989, new projects began to forward, including the Live at the BBC album. It was after the Anthology project that the company resumed making large profits again
2.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
3.
Help! (album)
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Help. is the fifth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, the soundtrack from their film Help. and released in August 1965. Produced by George Martin, it was the fifth UK album release by the band, seven of these, including the singles Help. and Ticket to Ride, appeared in the film and took up the first side of the vinyl album. The second side contained seven other releases including the song ever written. The American release was a soundtrack album, mixing the first seven songs with instrumental material from the film. In 2012, Help. was voted 331st on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, in September 2013, after the British Phonographic Industry changed their sales award rules, the album was declared as having gone platinum. The album includes Paul McCartneys Yesterday, arranged for guitar and string quartet, john Lennons Youve Got to Hide Your Love Away indicates the influence of Bob Dylan and includes flutes. McCartneys Ive Just Seen a Face had a country flavour, Ticket to Ride, also released as a single, was felt by Lennon to be heavy in its sound compared to the groups previous output and daring in its reference to a boy and girl living together. McCartney called the arrangement quite radical, George Harrison contributed I Need You and You Like Me Too Much, his first compositions to be included on a Beatles album since Dont Bother Me on 1963s With the Beatles. The record contained two versions and a few tracks more closely related to the groups previous pop output. The record sleeve-note shows that Lennon and McCartney made more extensive and prominent use of keyboards, Lennon, for his part, made much greater use of acoustic guitar, forsaking his famous Rickenbacker. The original LPs format of featuring songs from the soundtrack on side one, Help. was the bands final British album to feature any cover songs until 1970s Let It Be. In 1966, Capitol would release Act Naturally, already on the British Help, bad Boy and Dizzy Miss Lizzy were both aimed at the American market and originally not intended to appear on Help. But Dizzy Miss Lizzy ultimately did, both songs appeared on Beatles VI, released in the US in June 1965. Bad Boy was not released in the UK until A Collection of Beatles Oldies, a few songs that were recorded and intended for the film were not used because of the Beatles suggestions. Lennon and McCartney wrote If Youve Got Trouble for Ringo Starr to sing, but the song was rejected and Starr sang Act Naturally instead. That Means a Lot was written for the film, but the Beatles were not satisfied with their performance of the song and they gave it to P. J. Proby, who released it as a single. Lennon said Yes It Is was me trying a rewrite of This Boy and you Like Me Too Much and Tell Me What You See were rejected for use in the film by its director, Richard Lester, though they did appear on the album. Much later, in June 1965, the song Wait was recorded for the album, however, Wait ended up on Rubber Soul when another song was needed to complete that album
4.
Abbey Road Studios
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Abbey Road Studios is a recording studio at 3 Abbey Road, St Johns Wood, City of Westminster, London, England. It was established November 1931 by the Gramophone Company, a predecessor of British music company EMI, Abbey Road Studios is most notable as being the 1960s venue for innovative recording techniques adopted by the Beatles, Pink Floyd, the Hollies, Badfinger and others. One of its earliest world-famous-artist clients was Paul Robeson, who recorded December 1931, towards the end of 2009, the studio came under threat of sale to property developers. However, the British Government protected the site, granting it English Heritage Grade II listed status in 2010, originally a nine-bedroom Georgian townhouse built in 1831 on the footpath leading to Kilburn Abbey, the building was later converted to flats where the most flamboyant resident was Maundy Gregory. In 1931, the Gramophone Company acquired the premises and converted it into studios, pathé filmed the opening of the studios when Sir Edward Elgar conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in recording sessions of his music. In 1934, inventor of stereo sound, Alan Blumlein, recorded Mozarts Jupiter Symphony which was conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham at the studios, the neighbouring house is also owned by the studio and used to house musicians. During the mid-20th century, the studio was used by leading British conductor Sir Malcolm Sargent. The Gramophone Company amalgamated with Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI and it was under this name that in 1936 cellist Pablo Casals became the first to record Johann Sebastian Bachs Cello Suites No.1 &2 at the command of EMI head Fred Gaisberg. The recordings went on to spur a revolution among Bach aficionados, in 1958, Studio Two at Abbey Road became a centre for rock and roll music when Cliff Richard and the Drifters recorded Move It there, and later pop music material. The Beatles named their 1969 album Abbey Road, after the street where the studio is located, the studio was renamed Abbey Road Studios in 1970 after the Beatles album had made it famous. Iain Macmillan took the cover photograph outside the studios, with the result that the nearby zebra crossing has become a place of pilgrimage for Beatles fans. It has been a tradition for visitors to pay homage to the band by writing on the wall in front of the even though it is painted over every three months. December 2010, the crossing at Abbey Road was given a Grade II listed status. Pink Floyd recorded most of their late 1960s to mid-1970s albums here, the Shadows named their Live at Abbey Road album after the studio, with the cover spoofing the Beatles album. The chief mastering engineer at Abbey Road was Chris Vinyl Blair, in 1979, EMI commissioned the British jazz fusion band Morrissey-Mullen to record Britains first digitally recorded single record at Abbey Road Studios. From July 18 to September 11,1983, the public had an opportunity to see inside the legendary Studio Two where The Beatles made most of their records. While a new mixing console was being installed in the control room, the soundtrack to the video had a number of recordings that were not made commercially available until the release of The Beatles Anthology project over a decade later. The Red Hot Chili Peppers used a photograph of the walking across the zebra crossing naked on the front of The Abbey Road E. P. which was released in 1988
5.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
6.
Parlophone
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Parlophone Limited is a German-British record label that was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The British branch of the company was formed in 8 August 1923 as The Parlophone Co. Ltd. which developed a reputation in the 1920s as a jazz record label. In 5 October 1926, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired Parlophones business, name, Columbia Graphophone later merged with the Gramophone Company in 31 March 1931 to become Electric & Musical Industries Limited. George Martin joined EMI in 1950 as assistant label manager, taking over as manager in 1955, Martin produced and released a mix of product including comedy recordings of the Goons, the pianist Mrs Mills, and teen idol Adam Faith. For a long time Parlophone claimed the best-selling UK single She Loves You, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, both by The Beatles. The label also achieved placement of seven singles at No.1 during 1964, Parlophone continued as a division of EMI until it was merged into the Gramophone Co. Ltd. on 1 July 1965. On 1 July 1973, the Gramophone Co. Ltd. was renamed EMI Records Limited, on 28 September 2012, regulators officially approved Universal Music Group s planned acquisition of EMI, on condition that its EMI Records Ltd. group would be divested from the combined group. EMI Records Ltd. included Parlophone and other labels to be divested and were for a time operated in a single entity known as the Parlophone Label Group. Warner Music Group later acquired Parlophone and PLG in 7 February 2013, making Parlophone their new third flagship label, alongside Warner Bros. Records, PLG was renamed as the Parlophone Records Limited group in May 2013. Parlophone is now the oldest of WMGs three flagship record labels, Parlophone was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The name Parlophon had been used for gramophones before the company began making records of their own. The labels ₤ trademark is a German L that stands for its original founder Lindström and it has coincidentally been said to resemble the British pound sign, which itself is derived from the letter L for the Ancient Roman unit of measurement Libra, which means pound in Latin. During World War I, the Transoceanic Trading Company was set up in the Netherlands to look after its overseas assets, on 8 August 1923, the British branch of Parlophone was established, led by artists and repertoire manager Oscar Preuss. Parlophone established a leasing arrangement with the co-owned United States-based record label Okeh Records. The CLPGS has published a list of Parlophone titles issued between the years of 1923 and 1956, in 1927, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired a controlling interest in the Carl Lindström Company and in Parlophone. In 31 March 1931, Columbia Graphophone merged with the Gramophone Company to form Electric & Musical Industries Ltd, under EMI, Parlophone initially maintained its status as a jazz label. In about 1929 or 1930, the Rhythm Style Series started, besides the Okeh recordings, Parlophone also issued recordings from Columbia Records and Brunswick Records, as well as a few sessions produced at Decca Records. As time went on, the label also released speciality recordings of word and comedy recordings, including the comedy recordings of the Goons and Flanders
7.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
8.
EMI
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EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
9.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
10.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
George Martin
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Sir George Henry Martin CBE was an English record producer, arranger, composer, conductor, audio engineer and musician. He was referred to as the Fifth Beatle, including by Paul McCartney, Martin produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States. Martin produced comedy and novelty records in the early 1950s, working with Peter Sellers, Spike Milligan and Bernard Cribbins and his career spanned more than six decades of work in music, film, television and live performance. He held a number of executive roles at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes, including his work for The Princes Trust. In recognition of his services to the industry and popular culture. Martin was born in Highbury, London, when he was six, Martins family acquired a piano that sparked his interest in music. As a child, he attended schools, including a convent school in Holloway, St Josephs School, and at St Ignatius College. When WWII broke out, and St. Ignatius College students were evacuated to Welwyn Garden City, his family left London, I remember well the very first time I heard a symphony orchestra. I was just in my teens when Sir Adrian Boult brought the BBC Symphony Orchestra to my school for a public concert. Hearing such glorious sounds I found it difficult to them with ninety men and women blowing into brass. Despite Martins continued interest in music, and fantasies about being the next Rachmaninov and he worked briefly as a quantity surveyor, and later for the War Office as a Temporary Clerk, which meant filing paperwork and making tea. In 1943, when he was 17, he joined the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy and became an aerial observer, the war ended before Martin was involved in any combat, and he left the service in 1947. Martins oboe teacher was Margaret Eliot, after that, Martin explained that he had just picked it up by himself. On 3 January 1948 – while still at the Academy – Martin married Sheena Chisholm and he later married Judy Lockhart-Smith on 24 June 1966, and they also had two children, Lucie and Giles Martin. Following his graduation, he worked for the BBCs classical music department, then joined EMI in 1950 as an assistant to Oscar Preuss, the head of EMIs Parlophone Records from 1950 to 1955. Although having been regarded by EMI as a vital German imprint in the past, after taking over Parlophone when Preuss retired in 1955, Martin recorded classical and Baroque music, original cast recordings, and regional music from around Britain and Ireland. Martin also produced numerous comedy and novelty records, later that decade Martin worked with Peter Sellers on two very popular comedy LPs. One was released on 10 format and called The Best Of Sellers, the album was Bridge on the River Wye
12.
Help! (film)
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The second film starring The Beatles following Lesters A Hard Days Night, Help. Sees the group come up against an evil cult, the soundtrack was released as an album, also called Help. The film had its Royal World Premiere at the London Pavilion Theatre in the West End of London on 29 July 1965 in the presence of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, an eastern cult is about to sacrifice a woman to the goddess Kaili. Just as she is about to be killed, the priestess of the cult, Ahme. Ringo Starr, drummer of the Beatles, has and is wearing it, it was sent to him by the victim in a fan letter. Determined to retrieve the ring and sacrifice the woman, the great Swami Clang, Ahme, after several failed attempts to steal the ring, they confront the Beatles in an Indian restaurant. Ringo learns that if he not return the ring soon. Ringo then discovers that the ring is stuck on his finger, the Beatles go to a jeweller to remove the ring, but the tools he uses all break. They then go to a mad scientist, Foot, and his assistant Algernon, in a lab full of British-made equipment, they attempt to expand the rings molecules so it can slide off Ringos finger. But the machines only manage to remove all his other rings, astonished that his equipment has no effect on the ring, Foot decides that he, too, must have it. While they bumble with trying to get a laser together, Ahme crashes the lab, back home, Ahme tells the group that her sisters time has passed and she is now out of danger and Ringo is now the sacrificial victim. She prepares a solution intended to shrink Ringos finger so she can get the ring off. But then Clang and his henchmen crash the house, causing Ahme to drop the syringe on Pauls leg, while a shrunken Paul hides in an ashtray, the cult attack the other Beatles and pour red paint on Ringo. Foot and Algernon come in, shoots a shot with his Webley and scares the cult away. Paul unshrinks and John subsequently starts to swing a lamp at Foot who tries to shoot him, blaming this on the fact that the gun is British made, Foot retreats. The boys are left to sort things out, the band flees to the Austrian Alps for refuge but both thugs and Foot follow in pursuit. The Beatles practice skiing, then participate in a game of curling, Foot and Algernon booby-trap one of the curling stones with a bomb, George sees the fiendish thingy and tells everyone to run. The bomb eventually goes off after a delay, creating a big hole in the ice from which a Channel swimmer emerges, the boys ski down a slope fleeing from Clang, directed by Ahme, who then misdirects Clang to the take-off ramp for a Ski jumping contest
13.
John Lennon
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John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
14.
Paul McCartney
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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons
15.
Twist (dance)
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The twist is a dance that was inspired by rock and roll music. From 1959 to the sixties it became the first worldwide dance craze, enjoying immense popularity among all people. It inspired dances such as the Jerk, the Pony, the Watusi, the Mashed Potato, the Monkey, and the Funky Chicken, but none were as popular. Having seen teenagers in Tampa, Florida doing the dance, Hank Ballard wrote The Twist and released it as the B-side of Hank Ballard and The Midnighters 1959 single Teardrops on Your Letter. The dance became passe among teenagers as it became acceptable among adults, a world record was set in DeLand, Florida, on October 11,2012, when Chubby Checker sang the song live and the crowd danced. An estimated 4,000 people twisted along with Checker, surpassing the previous Guinness World Record for most people twisting in the streets at once, the twist is performed by standing with the feet approximately shoulder width apart. The torso may be squared to the knees and hips, or turned at an angle so one foot is farther forward than the other, the arms are held out from the body, bent at the elbow. The hips, torso, and legs rotate on the balls of the feet as a single unit, the feet grind back and forth on the floor, and the dance can be varied in speed, intensity, and vertical height as necessary. Occasionally one leg is lifted off the floor for styling, but generally the dance posture is low, the moves include the mashed potato, swimming, drowning, twisting, arm swing and single leg twist. According to Time, the scarcely ever touch each other or move their feet. The use of the name twist for dancing goes back to the nineteenth century, according to Marshall and Jean Stearns in Jazz Dance, a pelvic dance motion called the twist came to America from the Congo during slavery. One of the hit songs of early blackface minstrelsy was banjo player Joel Walker Sweeneys Vine Twist, but the twist at this point was basically grinding the hips. In his Winin Boy Blues in the late 1930s, Jelly Roll Morton sang, Mama, mama, look at sis, shes out on the levee doing the double twist. In the 1953 song Let the Boogie Woogie Roll, Clyde McPhatter and the Drifters sang, When she looked at me her eyes just shined like gold, and when she did the twist she bopped me to my soul. Released in summer 1960, Checkers rendition of The Twist became number one on the chart in the United States in 1960. In 1961, at the height of the craze, patrons at New Yorks Peppermint Lounge on West 45th Street were twisting to the band, a local group from Jersey, Joey Dee. Their song, The Peppermint Twist became number one in the United States for three weeks in January 1962, in 1962 Bo Diddley released his album Bo Diddleys A Twister. He recorded several Twist tracks, including The Twister, Bos Twist, and Mama Dont Allow No Twistin, in Latin America, the twist caught fire in the early 1960s, fueled by Bill Haley & His Comets
16.
Chord progression
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A chord progression or harmonic progression is a succession of musical chords. Chord progressions are the foundation of harmony in Western musical tradition, in tonal music, chord progressions have the function of establishing or contradicting a tonality. Chord progressions are usually expressed by Roman numerals, a chord may be built upon any note of a musical scale, therefore a seven-note scale allows seven basic chords, each degree of the scale becoming the root of its own chord. A chord built upon the note A is an A chord of some type The harmonic function of any particular chord depends on the context of the chord progression in which it is found. The diatonic harmonization of any major results in three major triads. They are based on the first, fourth, and fifth scale degrees and these three triads include, and therefore can harmonize, every note of that scale. The same scale also provides three relative minor chords, one related to each of the three major chords, separate from these six common chords there is one degree of the scale, the seventh, that results in a diminished chord. In addition, extra notes may be added to any chord, if these notes are also selected from the original scale the harmony remains diatonic. If new chromatic intervals are introduced then a change of scale or modulation occurs and this in turn may lead to a resolution back to the original key, so that the entire sequence of chords helps create an extended musical form. In western classical notation, chords built on the scale are numbered with Roman numerals, other forms of chord notation have been devised, from figured bass to the chord chart. These usually allow or even require an amount of improvisation. Diatonic scales such as the major and minor scales lend themselves well to the construction of common chords because they contain a large number of perfect fifths. Such scales predominate in those regions where harmony is an part of music, as, for example. Alternation between two chords may be thought of as the most basic chord progression, many well-known pieces are built harmonically upon the mere repetition of two chords of the same scale. The Isley Brothers Shout uses I - vi throughout, three-chord tunes, though, are more common, since a melody may then dwell on any note of the scale. They are often presented as successions of four chords, in order to produce a binary harmonic rhythm, often the chords may be selected to fit a pre-conceived melody, but just as often it is the progression itself that gives rise to the melody. (Common in Elizabethan music, this also underpins the American college song Goodnight Ladies, is the exclusive progression used in Kwela, similar progressions abound in African popular music. They may be varied by the addition of sevenths to any chord or by substitution of the minor of the IV chord to give, for example
17.
Call and response (music)
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In music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the first. It corresponds to the pattern in human communication and is found as a basic element of musical form, such as verse-chorus form. Call and response patterns between two musicians are common in Indian Classical Music, particularly in the style of Jugalbandi, Call and response is likewise widely present in parts of the Americas touched by the trans-Atlantic slave trade. It is extensively used in Cuban music, both in the rumba and in the African religious ceremonies. In 1644, lining out – where one person sang a solo and it has influenced popular music singing styles. Scottish Gaelic psalm-singing by precenting the line was the earliest form of congregational singing adopted by Africans in America and it is common in folk traditions of choral singing of many people, especially in African musical cultures. In Cuban music and other Latin music genres such as salsa, call, the form is found in the military cadence or Jody which is used as an a cappella work song or to keep time when marching or running in formation. In Western classical music, call and response is known as antiphony, the phenomenon of call and response is pervasive in modern Western popular music, as well, largely because Western music has been so heavily shaped by African contributions. Cross-over rhythm and blues, rock n roll and rock music exhibit call-and-response characteristics, three examples are The Whos song My Generation, Black Dog by Led Zeppelin, and The Pogues Fairytale of New York. In Indian Film music, Ilaiyaraajas songs largely exhibit call-and-response pattern, but, each A and B part may itself consist of a short call and a short response, and those 2-bar calls and response may also be divided into 1-bar-each call-response pairs. To make an attempt at diagramming it, Twelve bars, A, 4-bar CALL A, 4-bar CALL B, a single leader makes a musical statement, and then the chorus responds together. American bluesman Muddy Waters utilizes call and response in one of his songs, Mannish Boy which is almost entirely leader/chorus call. CALL, Waters vocal, Now when I was a young boy RESPONSE, CALL, Waters, At the age of 5 RESPONSE, CALL, Drop the coin right into the slot. RESPONSE, CALL, You gotta get something thats really hot, RESPONSE, A contemporary example is from Carly Rae Jepsens Call Me Maybe. CALL, Hey I just met you RESPONSE, CALL, And this is crazy RESPONSE, while mostly in the chorus, it can also be heard in the breakdown between the vocals and distorted guitar. Part of the band poses a question, or a phrase that feels unfinished. In the blues, the B section often has a question-and-answer pattern, an example of this is the Christmas song Must Be Santa, CALL, Who laughs this way, ho ho ho. RESPONSE, Santa laughs this way, ho ho ho, a similar question-and-answer exchange occurs in the movie Casablanca between Sam and the band in the song Knock On Wood, CALL, Whos got trouble
18.
George Harrison
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George Harrison, MBE was an English guitarist, singer, songwriter, and music and film producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Although most of the Beatles songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and his songs for the group included Taxman, Within You Without You, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Here Comes the Sun and Something, the last of which became the Beatles second-most covered song. Harrisons earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt, Carl Perkins, Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry were subsequent influences. By 1965 he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in the Byrds and Bob Dylan, having initiated the bands embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967, he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement. He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar, in his role as a music and film producer, Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974 and co-founding HandMade Films in 1978. Harrison released several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee – as a member of the Beatles in 1988, Harrisons first marriage, to model Pattie Boyd in 1966, ended in divorce in 1977. The following year he married Olivia Harrison, with whom he had one son, Harrison died in 2001, aged 58, from lung cancer. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India and he left an estate of almost £100 million. Born in Liverpool, United Kingdom, on 25 February 1943, Harrison was the youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves Harrison and he had one sister, Louise, and two brothers, Harry and Peter. His mother was an assistant from a Catholic family with Irish roots. His future wife, the model Pattie Boyd, described Harrisons parents as quite short, an enthusiastic music fan, she was known among friends for her loud singing voice, which at times startled visitors by rattling the Harrisons windows. While pregnant with George, she listened to the weekly broadcast Radio India. Harrisons biographer Joshua Greene wrote, Every Sunday she tuned in to mystical sounds evoked by sitars and tablas, hoping that the music would bring peace. Harrison was born and lived the first six years of his life at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree, Liverpool, the home had an outdoor toilet and its only heat came from a single coal fire. In 1949 the family were offered a house and moved to 25 Upton Green. In 1948, at the age of five, Harrison enrolled at Dovedale Primary School and he passed the eleven-plus exam and attended Liverpool Institute High School for Boys from 1954 to 1959. Though the institute did offer a course, Harrison was disappointed with the absence of guitars
19.
Bridge (music)
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In music, especially western popular music, a bridge is a contrasting section that prepares for the return of the original material section. The bridge may be the third eight-bar phrase in a form, or may be used more loosely in verse-chorus form, or, in a compound AABA form. The term comes from a German word for bridge, Steg, the bridge is often used to contrast with and prepare for the return of the verse and the chorus. The b section of the song chorus is often called the bridge or release. For example, the B of AABA in thirty-two-bar form, with the surrounding the whole. While the bridge in verse-chorus and other forms is C, for example, lyrically, the bridge is typically used to pause and reflect on the earlier portions of the song or to prepare the listener for the climax. The term may refer to the section between the verse and the chorus, though this is more commonly called the pre-chorus or link. Similarly, in the Axis of Awesome song This Is How You Write a Love Song, in the song Get Up Sex Machine, James Brown asks if he can take the band to the bridge. Led Zeppelin makes an in-joke regarding the use of bridges in popular music in their song The Crunge, asking, at the end, the song, humorously, does not have a bridge. Bridges are also common in music, and are known as a specific Sequence form—also known as transitions. The latter work also provides good examples of a short bridge to smooth a modulation. Instead of simply repeating the whole exposition in the key, as would be done in a symphony of the classical period. A two-bar bridge achieves this transition with Franks characteristic combination of enharmonic and chromatic modulation, after the repeat of the first subject, another bridge of four bars leads into the transition theme in F major, the key of the true second subject. In a fugue, a bridge is. a short passage at the end of the first entrance of the answer and its purpose is to modulate back to the tonic key from the answer. Not all fugues include a bridge, an example of a bridge-passage that separates two sections of a more loosely organized work occurs in George Gershwins An American in Paris. As Deems Taylor described it in the notes for the first performance. The Americans itinerary becomes somewhat obscured, however, since what immediately ensues is technically known as a bridge-passage, one is reasonably justified in assuming that the Gershwin pen. has perpetrated a musical pun and that. Our American has crossed the Seine, and is somewhere on the Left Bank, break Montgomery-Ward bridge Sears Roebuck bridge Song structure Appen, Ralf von / Frei-Hauenschild, Markus AABA, Refrain, Chorus, Bridge, Prechorus — Song Forms and their Historical Development
20.
Relative major
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In music, relative keys are the major and minor scales that have the same key signatures. A pair of major and minor scales sharing the same key signature are said to be in a relative relationship, relative keys are closely related keys, the keys between which most modulations occur, in that they differ by no more than one accidental. The minor key starts three semitones below its relative major, for example, A minor is three semitones below its relative, C Major. G major and E minor both have a single sharp in their key signature at F♯, therefore, E minor is the minor of G major. The tonic of the minor is the sixth scale degree of the major scale, while the tonic of the relative major is the third degree of the minor scale. The relative relationship may be visualized through the circle of fifths, the minor mode of C is not. A minor, but C minor. Confusingly, the term for relative key in German is Paralleltonart, similar terminology is used in most Germanic and Slavic languages, but not Romance languages. This is in particular confusing with the parallel chord, which denotes chords derived from the relative key in English usage
21.
Parallel key
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In music, a major scale and a minor scale that have the same tonic are called parallel keys and are said to be in a parallel relationship. The parallel minor or tonic minor of a major key is the minor key based on the same tonic. For example, G major and G minor have different modes, in contrast, a major scale and a minor scale that have the same key signature are called relative keys. In the early century, composers began to experiment with freely borrowing chords from the parallel key. To the Western ear, the switch from a key to its parallel minor sounds like a fairly simplistic saddening of the mood. This change is quite distinct from a switch to the relative minor and this is unique to the form, and allows the composer to state a given theme in both major and minor modes. Later it also became common to state the theme in the tonic major in the recapitulation. Borrowed chord Harmonic parallelism List of major/minor compositions Voice leading
22.
Ringo Starr
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Richard Starkey, MBE, known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including With a Little Help from My Friends, Yellow Submarine and their cover of Act Naturally. He also wrote the Beatles songs Dont Pass Me By and Octopuss Garden, Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school. In 1955, he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer, soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze, developing a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he cofounded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, when the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, Starr played key roles in the Beatles films and appeared in numerous others. After the bands break-up in 1970, he released several singles including the US number four hit It Dont Come Easy. In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, Back Off Boogaloo and he achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US. He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows, since 1989, he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Ringos popularity brought forth a new paradigm and we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. Starr, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988, was inducted for his solo career in 2015. Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940, at 9 Madryn Street, in Dingle and he is the only child of confectioners Elsie and Richard Starkey. Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of swing. Prior to the birth of their son, whom they nicknamed Ritchie, the couple had spent much of their time on the local ballroom circuit. Elsie adopted an approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, Big Ritchie, as Starkeys father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend hours drinking and dancing in pubs
23.
Girl (Beatles song)
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Girl is a song written by John Lennon and performed by the Beatles on their 1965 album Rubber Soul. Girl was the last complete song recorded for that album, Girl is one of the most melancholic and complex of the Beatles earlier love songs. The songs instrumentalization has specific similarities to Greek music, similar to And I Love Her, Lennon and George Harrison played acoustic guitars on the basic track and in addition, Harrison overdubbed a bouzouki, an instrument once given to producer George Martin. McCartney claimed that he contributed the lines Was she told when she was young that pain would lead to pleasure and That a man must break his back to earn his day of leisure. However, in a 1970 interview with Rolling Stone, John Lennon explained that he wrote these lines as a comment on Christianity which he was opposed to at the time. Lennon said, I was just talking about Christianity, in that - a thing like you have to be tortured to attain heaven, - be tortured and then itll be alright, which seems to be a bit true but not in their concept of it. But I didnt believe in that, that you have to be tortured to attain anything, Lennon said that the fantasy girl in the songs lyric was an archetype he had been searching for his entire life and finally found in Yoko Ono. In an interview for Rolling Stone magazine on 5 December 1980, Lennon said his 1980 song Woman, Reminds me of a Beatles track, I did it as I did Girl many years ago. So this is the version of Girl. However, the single was cancelled before it was issued, alan W. Pollacks Notes on Girl The Beatles Bible, Girl
24.
Love Songs (Beatles album)
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Love Songs is a compilation album that comprises love songs recorded by The Beatles between 1962 and 1970. It was released by Capitol Records in the United States on 21 October 1977, the compilation peaked at #24 in Billboards Top LPs & Tape chart during a 31-week stay that began on 12 November 1977. The RIAA certified the album sales of three million units in 2000 even though the compilation was deleted in the late 1980s. The New Zealand release followed the US release with cat, no. and pressing plates, and was released on 2 different EMI labels. The LPs original packaging included an 11 x 11 booklet, with the lyrics printed, calligraphy-style. For the first several pressings, the cover itself was simulated leather, the LP was also available on yellow vinyl. All tracks written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney except where noted, Capitol Records originally intended to release a single in promotion of the compilation. The song Girl was going to be backed with Youre Going to Lose That Girl as Capitol 4506, picture sleeves for the single were printed, but the record was cancelled in early October 1977. Love Songs at Graham Calkins Beatles Pages
25.
Ramones
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The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the punk-rock sound, despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the 1970s punk movement in both the United States and United Kingdom. All of the members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname Ramone. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years, in 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the original members, lead singer Joey Ramone, bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone, lead guitarist Johnny Ramone. In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, on March 18,2002, the original four members and Tommys replacement on drums, Marky Ramone, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, the original members of the band met in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens. John Cummings and Thomas Erdelyi had both been in a garage band from 1965 to 1967 known as the Tangerine Puppets. They became friends with Douglas Colvin, who had moved to the area from Germany, and Jeffrey Hyman. The Ramones began taking shape in early 1974 when Cummings and Colvin invited Hyman to join them in a band, the initial line-up featured Colvin on lead vocals, rhythm and bass guitars, Cummings on lead guitar, and Hyman on drums. Hyman soon switched from drums to vocals, Colvin was the first to adopt the name Ramone, calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by Paul McCartneys use of the pseudonym Paul Ramon during his Silver Beetles days, Dee Dee convinced the other members to take on the name and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones. Hyman and Cummings became Joey and Johnny Ramone, respectively, a friend of the band, Monte A. Melnick, helped to arrange rehearsal time for them at Manhattans Performance Studios, where he worked. Johnnys former bandmate Erdelyi was set to become their manager, soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play his bass guitar simultaneously, with Erdelyis encouragement, Joey became the bands new lead singer. Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each songs tempo with his signature shout of 1-2-3-4. Joey soon similarly realized that he could not sing and play drums simultaneously, while auditioning prospective replacements, Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to perform the music better than anyone else. The Ramones played before an audience for the first time on March 30,1974, the songs they played were very fast and very short, most clocked in at under two minutes
26.
Parody
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A parody is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, parody … is imitation, another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice. Parody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music, animation, gaming, the writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche and burlesque. According to Aristotle, Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody, in ancient Greek literature, a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects. Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para beside, counter, against, Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an imitation that is set against the original. The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, defines parody as imitation turned as to produce a ridiculous effect, because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside, there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule. Old Comedy contained parody, even the gods could be made fun of, the Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as a Glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, roman writers explained parody as an imitation of one poet by another for humorous effect. In French Neoclassical literature, parody was also a type of poem where one work imitates the style of another to produce a humorous effect, the Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays, often with performers dressed like satyrs. In classical music, as a term, parody refers to a reworking of one kind of composition into another. The term is sometimes applied to procedures common in the Baroque period. The musicological definition of the parody has now generally been supplanted by a more general meaning of the word. In its more contemporary usage, musical parody usually has humorous, even satirical intent, in which familiar musical ideas or lyrics are lifted into a different, often incongruous, context. Musical parodies may imitate or refer to the style of a composer or artist. For example, The Ritz Roll and Rock, a song and dance performed by Fred Astaire in the movie Silk Stockings, parodies the Rock. Conversely, while the work of Weird Al Yankovic is based on particular popular songs. The first usage of the parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour in 1598, A Parodie. The next citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was in common use, in the 20th century, parody has been heightened as the central and most representative artistic device, the catalysing agent of artistic creation and innovation
27.
Pastiche
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A pastiche is a work of visual art, literature, theatre, or music that imitates the style or character of the work of one or more other artists. Unlike parody, pastiche celebrates, rather than mocks, the work it imitates, the word pastiche is a French cognate of the Italian noun pasticcio, which is a pâté or pie-filling mixed from diverse ingredients. Metaphorically, pastiche and pasticcio describe works that are composed by several authors. Pastiche is an example of eclecticism in art, a literary allusion may refer to another work, but it does not reiterate it. Moreover, allusion requires the audience to share in the cultural knowledge. Both allusion and pastiche are mechanisms of intertextuality, in literature usage, the term denotes a literary technique employing a generally light-hearted tongue-in-cheek imitation of anothers style, although jocular, it is usually respectful. For example, many stories featuring Sherlock Holmes, originally penned by Arthur Conan Doyle, have written as pastiches since the authors time. Ellery Queen and Nero Wolfe are other subjects of mystery parodies and pastiches. A similar example of pastiche is the posthumous continuations of the Robert E. Howard stories and this includes the Conan stories of L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter. David Lodges novel The British Museum Is Falling Down is a pastiche of works by Joyce, Kafka, in 1991 Alexandra Ripley wrote the novel Scarlett, a pastiche of Gone with the Wind, in an unsuccessful attempt to have it recognized as a canonical sequel. Charles Rosen has characterized Mozarts various works in imitation of Baroque style as pastiche, some of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovskys works, such as his Variations on a Rococo Theme and Serenade for Strings, employ a poised classical form reminiscent of 18th-century composers such as Mozart. Perhaps one of the best examples of pastiche in modern music is that of George Rochberg, Rochberg turned to pastiche from serialism after the death of his son in 1963. Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen is unusual as it is a pastiche in both senses of the word, as there are distinct styles imitated in the song. A similar earlier example is Happiness is a Warm Gun by The Beatles, one can find musical pastiches throughout the work of the American composer Frank Zappa. A pastiche Mass is a musical Mass where the constituent movements come from different Mass settings, most often this convention has been chosen for concert performances, particularly by early-music ensembles. Masses are composed of movements, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, for example, the Missa Solemnis by Beethoven and the Messe de Nostre Dame by Guillaume de Machaut. In a pastiche Mass, the performers may choose a Kyrie from one composer, and a Gloria from another, or choose a Kyrie from one setting of a composer. In musical theater pastiche is often a tool for evoking the sounds of a particular era for which a show is set
28.
Stars on 45
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Stars on 45 was a Dutch novelty pop act that was briefly very popular throughout Europe and in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia in 1981. The group later shortened its name to Stars On in the U. S. while in the U. K. bands Take Your Time, as the rhythms of the various songs tended to complement and dovetail into each other. The record turned out to be a 12-inch single called Lets Do It In The 80s Great Hits, credited to a nonexistent band called Passion and issued on a nonexistent record label called Alto. The medley had its origin in Montreal, Canada, and it was revealed that it was the work of one Michel Ali. The first version of the medley was eight minutes long, the Beatles soundalikes were established Dutch singers. John Lennons parts were sung by Bas Muys of the 1970s Dutch pop group Smyle, Paul McCartneys and George Harrisons parts were sung by Sandy Coast frontman Hans Vermeulen and Okkie Huysdens, who had worked with Vermeulen in the band Rainbow Train. The 45 in the title refers to the speed of a vinyl record single —45 rpm. The specific drumloop heard on most Stars on 45 recordings is often referred to as the track, due to its prominent. The first such release was a 11,3012 single, issued in the aftermath of the so-called anti-disco backlash, and was released on the minor label CNR Records in the Netherlands in December 1980. The single was simply entitled Stars on 45 by Stars on 45, a few months later it also reached #2 in the UK, where it was released by the British subsidiary of CBS Records and credited to Starsound. Shortly thereafter Eggermont created the first Stars on 45 album, Long Play Album, issued with an equally anonymous album cover and featuring a 16-minute side-long medley of Beatles titles. In June 1981 the Stars on 45 Medley single also went to #1 in the US where it was released by Radio Records, a sublabel of Atlantic Records. The popularity of the album resulted in it being given an official release in the Soviet Union. The Stars on 45 Medley single was awarded a platinum disc for one million copies sold in the US alone. A second Beatles medley went to #67 on the US charts, another album followed later that same year, Longplay Album — Volume II featuring medleys using the songs of ABBA, a #2 hit in the UK and Motown, US #55. The recordings of the Stars on 45 medleys were also made before the advent of synthesizers with the possibility of sampling sounds. — even if those parts were only ten or fifteen seconds long on the actual record released. In late 1981 Eggermont and Martin Duiser were awarded the Conamus Export Prize in the Netherlands in recognition of their contributions to Dutch culture, a third album, The Superstars, featured medleys of The Rolling Stones and Stevie Wonder
29.
Stars on 45 (song)
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Stars on 45 is a song issued in January 1981 by the studio group Stars on 45. In some countries, including the UK, Ireland and New Zealand, the band was credited as Starsound and it is the longest titled song to ever chart in Billboard, and is conveniently shortened to Stars on 45 Medley, or Medley by Stars on 45. The reason for the title was copyright requirements for the use of The Beatles songs. It reached number 1 in the Netherlands in February 21,1981, number 2 in the UK in April 1981, in the US, the single also peaked at number 18 on the dance chart. In the US, the songs one-week stay at the top of the Hot 100 interrupted the Kim Carnes single Bette Davis Eyes run as the number 1 single at five weeks, the next week, Carnes song regained its number 1 status for an additional four weeks. The origin of the single was the Netherlands where numerous bootleg disco singles were floating around. Willem van Kooten, the owner of one of the copyrights, decided to make a similar and he found singers who sounded similar to John Lennon and Paul McCartney and decided to make the single focus on The Beatles. The Beatles medley was later extended to a full 16-minute album side and it appeared on the Stars on 45s first full-length release, Long Play Album. The album version was released as Long Play Album in the Netherlands, a detailed listing of the source material can be found in the Long Play Album article. Only the opening riff is used in the medley. Sugar, Sugar was originally recorded by The Archies, the next eight songs are Beatles songs. An extended version of the Stars on 45 intro and finale was put on the side of the single. O. S. The last four minutes of the version of the Beatles medley was released under the title Stars on 45 Medley 2. The second Beatles medley single was not released in the Netherlands or any parts of the world. In 2011, Stars on 45 was given the house treatment and this version also omitted the medleys. List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1981 Bronson, Fred, the Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Biography of Stars on 45/Starsound at AllMusic, Stars on 45 discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs Rateyourmusic. com biography and discography The Dutch Stars on 45 fansite Top4000. nl
30.
R. Stevie Moore
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Robert Steven Moore, also known as R. Stevie Moore and RSM, is an American singer, songwriter, stevie Moore Cassette Club, his home-based label. His eclectic work incorporates a variety of styles, both popular and experimental. From 1978 to November 2010, Moore lived and recorded in his apartment studios in Montclair, New Jersey, and then Bloomfield, New Jersey, before relocating to his native Nashville in December 2010. He is the oldest son of Bob Moore, veteran Nashville A-Team bassist, producer, in February 2005, newspaper writer Tammy LaGorce praised Moore, dubbing him a lo-fi legend in the New York Times. The novelty song was withheld from release until 1969, when it became a hit single in the UK on the RCA Victor label. Moore is proficient on guitar, electric bass, keyboards, percussion, in 1966, he began pursuing what would become his lifelong passion, home recording as a one-man band, using reel-to-reel tape decks set up in his parents basement in suburban Madison. In 1967, he and some high school formed a rock combo called The Marlborough. He later began working for his father as a studio musician and his credits during these early years include playing bass on a rare 1973 Perry Como single recorded in Nashville. He briefly attended Vanderbilt University, but dropped out in 1971 to pursue his passions for writing, recording and performing music, Moore later had built up enough material to issue his home-recorded 1976 debut album Phonography on his uncle Harry H. P. The initial run was limited to only 100 pressings, New Yorks Trouser Press magazine gave the album positive reviews, calling it an outrageous collection of musical brain spewage and a true slash of genius in its December 1977 issue. Moore moved from Nashville to New Jersey shortly afterwards, his uncle then releasing two further collections, the Stance EP, and second album Delicate Tension in 1978. In 1996 Phonography was listed among the fifty most significant indie records in Rolling Stones Alt-Rock-A-Rama,1980 saw an important tape release, Clack, this time recorded professionally in midtown Manhattan. The label described Moore as one of the best songwriters of all time, further albums followed in the 80s, including Verve, Glad Music, and Teenage Spectacular (described by Moore then as the most enjoyable project of my career. Moore was an early on-air personality at WFMU, an independent free-form radio station out of New Jersey, around 1988, Moore started working in home video, and he is now very active on YouTube and compiling his own DVDs. In 2012 several film documentaries by others were completed, the advent of CD-R as a medium for self-issued music brought new enthusiasm for his home recording, and in 1999 the cassette club became the R. In 2011, Moore established a new band with guitarist J. R. Thomason and embarked on his first ever tours, in 2012, Moore did a cover of Post Break-Up Sex by The Vaccines. The Vaccines covered his Why Should I Love You, which was suggested to them by Albert Hammond Jr, guitarist of New York-based band The Strokes
31.
Anya Marina
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Anya Marina is a singer-songwriter, based in New York City. Anya Marina was born Anya Marina Kroth in Ann Arbor, Michigan and was raised in Cupertino and her parents are both University professors, who teach Psychology and Russian Literature. She moved to Los Angeles as an actress and attended classes at the British American Drama Academy. She has acted on television and in films, at university, she worked as a DJ on KSCU, the Universitys radio station, and was the lead singer in the popular Bay Area band. After graduating in 1997, Anya appeared on The Howard Stern Show as Anya the Au Pair, in San Diego Marina played her first open mic night and began to write her own songs. She developed a show that included anecdotes and frank stories told between songs, and continued working as a DJ on the radio in San Diego while playing around town and, later. Her recorded debut was a five-song EP called Exercises in Racketeering, which led to a full-length album, Miss Halfway. Anya subsequently opened for Jason Mraz, Juliana Hatfield and Rhett Miller among others and she was named one of the Best Unsigned acts by the San Diego CityBeat. Miss Halfway was produced by Scott Russo, the frontman for rockers Unwritten Law, the record eventually earned a San Diego Music Award for Best Recording. On January 20,2009, Marina released her album, Slow & Steady Seduction. The album was produced by Brian Karscig from Louis XIV and Britt Daniel from Spoon, the music video for the albums first single, Move You, was directed by Scott Coffey. On June 8,2009, the video for All The Same To Me, directed by Josh Forbes, in the summer of 2009, Anya was nominated for 3 San Diego Music Awards, Artist of the Year, Album of the Year, and Song of the Year. On September 10,2009, Move You won the award for Song of the Year, beating out fellow nominees including Jack Tempchin and her song Satellite Heart was featured on the Twilight Saga, New Moon soundtrack. Satellite Heart was released October 8,2009, with the video, later that same month, she performed the song at multiple venues on the nationwide New Moon Talent Tour. Marina co-hosted the live MySpace broadcast of the New Moon premiere, Anya was highlighted in an article by CNN. com as an artist poised on the edge of breakout success due to her involvement in the soundtrack. Marinas cover of Whatever You Like, originally by rapper T. I. was featured on the November 9,2009 episode of Gossip Girl, They Shoot Humphreys, Dont They. In 2009, Marina moved to Portland, Oregon to write and record the album Felony Flats and it was released three years later. In 2012, Marina moved to New York City to write and she co-hosts a humorous podcast about relationships with roommate and comedian Nikki Glaser and comedian Phil Hanley called We Know Nothing
32.
Bongo drum
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Bongos are an Afro-Cuban percussion instrument consisting of a pair of small open bottomed drums of different sizes. In Spanish the larger drum is called the hembra and the smaller the macho, the origin of the bongo is largely unclear. Most sources on Afro-Cuban cultural history argue that the bongo derives from Central African drum models, also a Santería influence from Yoruba culture in the symbolic twin drum is assumed. The strong historical presence of Africans from the Congo/Angola region in Eastern Cuba makes such an influence probable, moreover, Central African/Congo influences are also documented in the Cuban son music genre, including changüí, and initially the development of the bongo drum went parallel with these genres. From such conceptual African drum models, the bongo developed further in Cuba itself, and some historians state that the attaching of the two drums was a later invention that took place in Cuba. Although the bongos are defined as African in concept, but Cuban in invention - e. g. by author Ned Sublette - some Moorish or European aspects may also have shaped the bongos over time. Etymologically, Sublette traces the origin of the bongo to a multi-purpose word of Bantu origin. The bongo came to western Cuba at the turn of the 20th century, as son inspired Cuban big band music gained international popularity, the Cuban bongo was exported all over the world. It is today one of the most common hand drums, bongo drums produce relatively high-pitched sounds compared to conga drums, and should be held behind the knees with the larger drum on the right when right-handed. It is most often played by hand and is associated in Cuban music with a steady pattern or ostinato of eighth-notes known as the martillo or hammer. They are traditionally played by striking the edge of the drumheads with the fingers, the glissando used with bongó de monte is done by rubbing the third finger, supported by the thumb, across the head of the drum. The finger is sometimes moistened with saliva, or sweat before rubbing it across the head, when used in art music compositions they are usually struck with drum sticks. These drums can also be played on a stand, as is the case with concert orchestras, bongo drummers are known as bongoseros. The following drummers are important figures in the history of the instrument
33.
Help! (song)
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Help. is a song by the Beatles that served as the title song for both the 1965 film and its soundtrack album. It was also released as a single, and was one for three weeks in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Help. was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney, during an interview with Playboy in 1980, Lennon recounted, The whole Beatles thing was just beyond comprehension. I was subconsciously crying out for help and it was ranked no.29 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The documentary series The Beatles Anthology revealed that Lennon wrote the lyrics of the song to express his stress after the Beatles quick rise to success, I was fat and depressed and I was crying out for Help, Lennon told Playboy. In the 1970 Rolling Stone Lennon Remembers interviews, Lennon said that the song was one of his favourites among the Beatles songs he wrote, but he wished they had recorded it at a slower tempo. In these interviews, Lennon said he felt that Help. and Strawberry Fields Forever were his most honest, genuine Beatles songs, according to Lennons cousin and boyhood friend Stanley Parkes, however, Help. was written after Lennon came in from the studio one night. God, he said, theyve changed the title of the film, so Ive had to write a new song with the title called Help. According to McCartney, he was called in to complete it, providing the countermelody arrangement, the Beatles recorded Help. in 12 takes on 13 April 1965 using four-track equipment. The first nine takes concentrated on the instrumental backing, the descending lead guitar riff that precedes each verse proved to be difficult, so by take 4 it was decided to postpone it for an overdub. To guide the later overdub by Harrison, Lennon thumped the beat on his guitar body. Lead and backing vocals were recorded twice onto take 9, along with a tambourine, a reduction mix was applied to the two vocal tracks, taking three attempts, freeing up a track for the lead guitar overdub. This was the groups first use of two 4-track machines for bouncing, the vocals were re-recorded for the film during a session on 24 May 1965 at CTS Studios, a facility specializing in post-synchronisation. In addition to attempting a better performance, the session might have been done to eliminate the tambourine since no tambourine appeared in the film sequence. With the new vocals, a mix was created at CTS Studios which was used for the film soundtrack. Mixes for record releases were prepared on 18 June, for the mono version, Martin decided to use a mix of the opening chorus of take 12 edited to the remainder of the CTS film mix. Because all instruments were combined on a track for the CTS session, it could not be used for a stereo mix. New mixes were created for releases of the Help, CD, the Love album, and the Help
34.
The Night Before (song)
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The Night Before is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1965 album and film Help. The song was written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney, Lennon plays a Hohner Pianet electric piano throughout the song accompanied by McCartneys ascending and descending bass lines. The songs verse has a call and response structure, McCartneys lead vocal alternates with Lennon and George Harrisons harmony, singing the chorus Aaah, the night before …, the whole being alternated with a second melody. The Beatles recorded the song at EMIs Abbey Road Studios on 17 February 1965, the band achieved a satisfactory rhythm track after two takes and then overdubbed the vocals, lead guitar parts and maracas. The guitar solo over the verse is repeated in part over the coda. Although author Ian MacDonald considers that the playing is more in McCartneys style, Lennon later recalled that Harrison and McCartney played the same break exactly, both playing but in different octaves. The Beatles performed The Night Before on location at Salisbury Plain, just as the song finishes, a bomb explodes. The scene was filmed in the shadow of Stonehenge, McCartney played the song on 15 July 2011 at Yankee Stadium, stating from the stage that it was the first time he had performed the song in concert. The only time the Beatles performed it outside of EMI Studios was for their final BBC radio session, on 26 May 1965 and this performance was broadcast on the BBC Light Programme on 7 June that year. Bulgarian pop star Lili Ivanova sang a version in the 1960s. The Beatles as Musicians, The Quarry Men through Rubber Soul, new York, NY, Oxford University Press. The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, The Official Story of the Abbey Road Years 1962–1970, revolution in the Head, The Beatles Records and the Sixties. Winn, John C. Way Beyond Compare, The Beatles Recorded Legacy, Volume One, new York, NY, Three Rivers Press. Alan W. Pollacks Notes on The Night Before
35.
You've Got to Hide Your Love Away
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Youve Got to Hide Your Love Away is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was written and sung by John Lennon and released on the album Help. in August 1965, Lennon said of the song, Thats me in my Dylan period again. I am like a chameleon, influenced by whatever is going on, if Elvis can do it, I can do it. If the Everly Brothers can do it, me and Paul can, the song is an early example of John self-reflecting in his writing, which had begun with songs such as Im a Loser in the summer of 1964. Lennon wrote the song at home during what he called his Dylan period, the song is just basically John doing Dylan, Paul McCartney confirmed. A flute, however, replaces the harmonica that Dylan typically used and they may tell of an unrequited love and hidden feelings. John could also have been referring to the fact that as a Beatle he was expected to keep the fact he was married a secret. He could also have been writing about his inability to express his true loving self in public and his feelings of isolation and paranoia related to fame. Some, such as singer Tom Robinson, have suggested that it was written for their manager Brian Epstein, Lennon himself however never discussed the inspiration for the lyrics. Pete Shotton, Lennons former bandmate from The Quarrymen, was present when the song was being composed, the basic rhythm track was recorded first, followed by George Harrisons guitar and some extra percussion. John Scott recorded a tenor flute in the spaces in Lennons vocal track and an alto flute part. In the film Help. at the opening of the song, the head of the cult, Clang, appears from underneath a cover in the middle of Ailsa Avenue, London. He stays there for the song, which the Beatles play in Lennons quarters of the Beatles shared flat. The flute part of the song is performed by Georges in-house gardener and they are watched by Ahme, and at the end of the song, Harrison passes out after Ahme produces a giant needle for Starr, who is wearing the ring the cult is seeking. In a montage the first two takes are followed by an alternative version, included on Anthology 2. Lennon counts off the song then stops to readjust his guitar pickup and this is followed by the sound of a glass shattering on the floor, prompting John to teasingly sing, Pauls broken a glass, broken a glass. A glass, a glass hes broke today, John also addresses Paul as Macca, a nickname in England for someone who is of Irish descent or has Mc in their last name. Album got up to number 6 on the US Billboard 200, jan & Dean on their album Filet of Soul from 1966
36.
I Need You (Beatles song)
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I Need You is a song by the Beatles and appears on the album Help. It is the second George Harrison song the band released two albums without any songwriting contribution from Harrison. The song was performed in their film, Help. and is the second video produced showing George Harrison singing lead vocal on a song. The song was recorded on 15 and 16 February 1965 and this was the first recording session for the group in 1965 and included two other songs, Ticket to Ride and Another Girl, both of which were also included on the Help. The song is considered to address Harrisons relationship with Pattie Boyd. The recordings distinctive lead guitar cadences were achieved through Harrisons first recorded use of a volume pedal, an interesting feature is the use of an imperfect cadence in the climax of the bridge which uses II and V chords. Many such aspects of the song are developed in Harrisons song If I Needed Someone on the next album. Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers played the song in tribute to Harrison at the Concert for George in 2002, the progressive rock supergroup Transatlantic recorded a mix of two songs called I Need You on their 2009 album The Whirlwind. The first part is sung by Neal Morse while the Beatless part features vocals by the bands drummer Mike Portnoy, alan W. Pollacks Notes on I Need You
37.
Ticket to Ride
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Ticket to Ride is a song by the English rock group the Beatles, written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The song was included on their 1965 studio album Help. Among music critics, Ian MacDonald describes the song as psychologically deeper than anything the Beatles had recorded before, Ticket to Ride appears in a sequence in the Beatles second feature film, Help. Live performances by the band were included in the Beatles at Shea Stadium concert film, on the album documenting their concerts at the Hollywood Bowl. Ticket to Ride was written by John Lennon, although credited to Lennon–McCartney, speaking in 1980, Lennon said that McCartneys contribution was limited to the way Ringo played the drums on the recording. The song is written in the key of A major, the song features a coda with a different tempo. Lennon said this section was one of his favourite bits in the song. McCartney was said to be responsible for the distinctive syncopated drum pattern of the song, while the lyrics describe a girl riding out of the life of the narrator, the inspiration of the title phrase is unclear. The Beatles played in Hamburg early in their career. Gaby Whitehill and Andrew Trendall of Gigwise have interpreted the song to be about a woman leaving her boyfriend to become a prostitute, the Beatles recorded Ticket to Ride on 15 February 1965 at EMIs Abbey Road Studios in London. Musicologist Walter Everett views the recording as a departure for the Beatles, due to the vocals. The songs main riff was played by George Harrison on his Rickenbacker 12-string guitar and was among the parts taped with the rhythm track. Author Mark Hertsgaard highlights the idea for this riff and for Starrs jagged, according to Harrison, however, the Rickenbacker riff was his own idea, based on the way Lennon strummed the chord when introducing the song to the band. Harrison also said that the motion of the riff then inspired the pattern that Starr decided to play. In March 1965, the Beatles and their manager, Brian Epstein, selected Ticket to Ride and Yes It Is to be the A- and B-sides, respectively, of the groups first single release of the year. The record was issued by EMIs Parlophone label on 9 April 1965 in the United Kingdom, Ticket to Ride topped Britains official singles chart for three weeks. In America, the song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week, according to Billboards Hits of the World listings for 15 May 1965, Ticket to Ride was also the top-selling single in Australia. The title was changed to Help. after the singles release, the song also appeared on the Beatles 1965 album Help. which was issued on 6 August in the UK and on 13 August in the US
38.
Act Naturally
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In 2002, Shelly Fabian of About. com ranked the song number 169 on her list of the Top 500 Country Music Songs. The song tells the tale of someone who was jilted and because of that, can play a film part of someone sad. It has been recorded by other artists, including Loretta Lynn, Dwight Yoakam, Mrs. Miller. The most well-known other version is from The Beatles in 1965, featuring Ringo Starr taking the lead vocal, it became a featured performance number of his in concert, both with The Beatles and later with Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Russell, originally from Mississippi, was based in Fresno, California in the early 1960s, one night, some of his friends from Oklahoma planned to do a recording session in Los Angeles and asked him to join them. In order to do so, Russell had to break a date with his then-girlfriend, when she asked me why I was going to L. A. I answered, They are going to put me in the movies, thus inspired, Russell quickly came up with a concept for a love song based around his comment. He wrote it that day, and tried to teach it to the singer he was helping in Los Angeles, Russell then wanted to record it himself, but his then-producer turned it down, claiming that songs about the movies were not hit material. A full two years passed before anyone recorded Act Naturally, no matter how hard I tried, I couldnt get anyone interested in it, Russell said. By 1963, Russell was writing with a woman named Voni Morrison, after Russell played Act Naturally for Morrison, she thought it would be a natural for Owens, and she told Russell that she could get him to record it. Because no one had yet recorded it, and Russell had an agreement with Morrison to share songwriting credits, he gave her partial credit, Owens did not like Act Naturally at first. But Buckaroo band member, Don Rich, heard Russells demo version and liked it, and eventually, one night, Russell got a phone call from Owens asking if he could record the song, and he said yes. I later found out that he had recorded the song that day and just wanted the publishing rights. I was more pleased to give him the rights in order to get the song recorded. Owens recorded Act Naturally at the Capitol Studios in Hollywood on February 12,1963, and it entered the Billboard country charts on April 13,1963. On June 15, Owens version spent the first of four weeks at #1. In all, it spent 28 weeks on the country charts, the song helped to make him a superstar, before the 1960s were over, Owens had placed 19 singles atop the Billboard country charts. The song also helped establish Russell as a songwriter, and in the 1970s he was successful as a singer as well
