1.
Betty Corday
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Betty Corday was a Broadway dramatic actress and long-time American television producer. She co-created and executive produced the long running NBC drama Days of Our Lives from 1966 until her death in 1987 and they were married from 1942 until his death in 1966. Corday produced such radio soaps as Pepper Youngs Family and Young Dr. Malone, becoming executive producer after the death of her husband, Ted Corday, she was the executive producer of Days of Our Lives from 1966 to 1985. She semi-retired in 1985, turning control over to her son and she kept the title of executive producer until her death in November 1987. In addition to her work on Days of our Lives, Corday was also a consultant for The Young and the Restless
2.
Ted Corday
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He worked in Broadway for many years before producing dramas for radio, such as Tortilla Flat, Tobacco Road, Gangbusters and Counterspy. He then moved to television in the 1950s, producing Guiding Light for a time as well as directing As the World Turns, Corday was later lured to NBC to create three new soap operas. Before Corday could pen many stories for the serial, he was diagnosed with cancer, after many months in the hospital, he died on July 23,1966 at the age of 58. His widow, Betty Corday, continued to produce Days of our Lives until her death in 1987, Corday died just ten months after creating Days, which is now one of the longest running television shows still on the air in the world
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
English Language
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English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
5.
Blue Network
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The Blue Network, and its immediate predecessor, the NBC Blue Network, were the on-air names of the now defunct American radio production and distribution service, which ran from 1927 to 1945. The Blue Network can be dated to 1923, when the Radio Corporation of America acquired WJZ, Newark from Westinghouse and moved it to New York City in May of that year. When RCA commenced operations of WRC, Washington on August 1,1923, Radio historian Elizabeth McLeod states that it would not be until 1924 that the Radio Group formally began network operations. The core stations of the Radio Group were RCAs stations WJZ and WRC, the Westinghouse station WBZ, then in Springfield, Massachusetts, and WGY, RCAs principal rival prior to 1926 was the radio broadcasting department of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. AT&T, starting in 1921, had been using this department as a test-bed for equipment being designed and manufactured by its Western Electric subsidiary, nevertheless, the WJZ network sought to compete toe-to-toe with the AT&T network, which was built around WEAF. For example, both stations sent announcer teams to cover the 1924 Democratic National Convention, which was held in Madison Square Garden in New York City. RCA were to receive a break in 1926, when AT&T made a decision to exit the broadcasting business. The first step by AT&T was to create the Broadcasting Company of America on May 15,1926, the Oakland Tribune stated that 4/5ths of the purchase price of WEAF could be attributed to good-will and the line access. On July 28,1926, the Washington Post reported in a story that RCA had acquired WCAP. The Oakland Tribune reported the day that WCAP had departed the field, and WRC would be operating on the frequency that they had shared. It is also announced that this opening Victor program inaugurates a new system to be operated by the National Broadcasting Company. This new chain, which will be known as the network, will allow simultaneous broadcasting from WJZ through WBZ, Springfield and Boston, KDKA, Pittsburgh. For broadcasting of the first program, therefore, the network will be joined with the red network, as the WEAF chain is designated. The Red and Blue Networks shared a pool of engineers and facilities. There are two examples, from the biggest news events of 1927. On May 20,1927, both of the NBC networks covered the return of Charles Lindbergh to America from his trans-Atlantic flight, star announcer Graham McNamee doing the honors. Three months later, a combined hookup of 67 stations on the two presented the second Dempsey–Tunney fight, broadcast by McNamee and NBC colleague Phillips Carlin. See Elizabeth McLeods discussion of surviving NBC broadcast material from this era, during the 1932–1933 season, Standard Oil of New Jersey sponsored an unusual program, the Five-Star Theater, which each weeknight presented a show in a different format
6.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
7.
Alan Coe Bunce
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Alan Coe Bunce was an American radio and television actor. Bunce was best remembered for playing the role of Albert Arbuckle alongside Peg Lynch on the sitcom Ethel and Albert from 1944-50 on radio, Bunce was also remembered as the first actor to portray physician Jerry Malone on radios Young Doctor Malone in the early 1940s. Alan Coe Bunce was born on June 28,1900 in Westfield and his year of birth had been the subject of dispute, with varying sources citing 1902,1903, and 1908. Bunces year of birth is given as 1900 on his U. S, world War I Draft Registration Card Bunces age is given as 39 in the United States Census of 1940. Bunce was the child born to Theodore Dwight Bunce, an inventor. His mother died when Bunce was a young boy and he graduated from a high school in Melrose, Massachusetts in 1918. Bunces career began in the early 1930s with small roles in several films and he left the program in 1944. The same year Bunce left Young Doctor Malone, he replaced film star Richard Widmark in the role of working-class man Albert Arbuckle, Lynch played the female lead and Alberts wife Ethel Arbuckle. Bunce remained with the show for its entire six year run. Bunce broke into television in 1950 with a guest star appearance of the ABC anthology series The Clock, Bunces Albert Arbuckle character also moved to television starting with appearances on The Kate Smith Hour beginning in 1952. This led to the premiere of the version of Ethel. The show stayed on NBC until Christmas Day,1954. and In his later career, Bunce appeared on episodes of Perry Mason, The United States Steel Hour, The Patty Duke Show and his last appearance on television was on a 1965 episode of The Defenders. Bunce married Ruth Elizabeth Nugent, an actress, in 1924, Nugent was born in Ohio and was the daughter of John Charles J. C. Nugent and Grace Mary. J. C. Nugent was the brother of actor Elliott Nugent and her father was an actor, as well as a playwright and commentator for Variety. The Bunces had three children, J. Elliot Bunce, Alan Nugent Bunce, and Virginia L. Jill Bunce Thompson, Alan N. Bunce, was a writer and editor for the Christian Science Monitor. Alan N. Bunce was born in New York and died in Massachusetts and he and his wife Joyce Elaine Bunce, had one child, a son, Andrew Bunce, who compiled much of the family history in August 2008. Bunce died on April 27,1965 from a cause at age 64. He is interred in Long Ridge Union Cemetery, Stamford, Connecticut, Alan Coe Bunce at the Internet Movie Database Alan Coe Bunce at Find a Grave
8.
Joan Alexander
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Joan Alexander was an American actress known for her role as Lois Lane on the radio serial The Adventures of Superman. Joan Alexander was born as Louise Abrass in St. Paul, Minnesota and her father died when she was three, and when her mother remarried, the family moved to Brooklyn, New York. And young Louise was sent to attend a convent school on Long Island and she became a model and actress, and studied acting in Europe with Benno Schneider, a director in the Yiddish theater. Though Abrass later took the first name Joan after the actress Joan Crawford, Joan Alexander portrayed newspaper reporter Lois Lane in the superhero radio program The Adventures of Superman for more than 1,600 episodes. The series began in 1940, two years after Supermans debut in the modern-day DC Comics Action Comics #1, with Lane first appearing in the seventh episode. Though most sources indicate she was not the first actress cast, Alexander was cast early in the series run and became the radio roles signature performer. Alexander also was heard on Dimension X and Philo Vance, Against the Storm and on Perry Mason, in the first portrayal of supporting character Della Street and she also played Althea on The Brighter Day on radio. Alexander additionally provided Lois Lanes voice in the 1940s Fleischer Studios/Paramount Pictures animated Superman shorts and she reprised the role of Lois Lane for one season of the 1966 Filmation animated series The New Adventures of Superman. Following her divorce from White, Alexander married surgeon Robert Crowley, future author and screenwriter Jane Stanton Hitchcock is their daughter. S. Stanton, who died January 20,1987, adopted Jane when she was 9 years old, the couples other children were sons Adam and Timothy. Alexander appeared on television as a regular panelist on the 1951–1955 ABC-TV game show The Names the Same, Alexander appeared on Broadway in Poor Richard by Jean Kerr in 1964. In April 2008, Alexander filed a lawsuit against financial adviser Kenneth I, Starr, alleging the late Stanton had left Alexander a $70 million estate which, according to court paper, Starr used inappropriately and squandered. Alexander died on May 21,2009, aged 94, from an intestinal blockage. She was survived by her son, Timothy Stanton of New York City and his wife Agnes Stanton, daughter, Jane Stanton Hitchcock, her grandsons Liam and Conrad and her half sister, ep#65,1952 TV Digest article about Joan Alexander Supermans Girlfriend Lois Lane
9.
Gertrude Warner
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Gertrude Trudy Warner was a voice talent who played multiple characters on radio productions during the Golden Age of Radio. Warner was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1917 and her father was James L. Warner, who died not long after the great crash of 1929 and her mother was Mildred Lovejoy Warner who died in 1976. Her brother, James L. Warner, was a B17 pilot in World War II who died on November 20,2008 and she is survived by her son, Douglas Warner Frank. Warners first starring role on radio came when she was 23 and her successful radio career continued for 28 years and well over 4,000 performances. She was considered one of the queens of daytime radio, appearing in dozens of daytime serials, among her accomplishments was being the female lead on the dramatic anthology Brownstone Theater on Mutual. She portrayed such well known characters as Della Street on the daytime The New Adventures of Perry Mason, the lovely Margot Lane on The Shadow, and the title character on Joyce Jordan, M. D. The Lux Radio Theater episode of Mrs. Miniver proved so popular, it was developed into a serial with Warner in the title role. She was the third busiest actor in the Golden Age of Radio, later in her life, she taught acting for television at Oberlin College and Weist Barron studios. Warner was married to Carl Frank from 1955 until 1957, together they have a son, Douglas Warner Frank. She also has two grandchildren, Griffin and Caroline Frank, gertrude Warner died on January 26,1986 from cancer
10.
Irna Phillips
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Irna Phillips was an American actress and writer who created and scripted many of the first American soap operas. Phillips created radio and TV soap operas including, Painted Dreams Guiding Light The Road of Life Young Dr. Irna Phillips was also an editor on Days of Our Lives. She was also the mentor to Agnes Nixon, the creator of All My Children and One Life to Live and her father died when she was 8, leaving her mother alone to raise the children. She claimed to be a child always given hand-me-down clothes and making up long. At 19 she was pregnant, abandoned by her boyfriend, and she studied drama at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, receiving a Master of Arts degree before going on to earn a masters degree in journalism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Phillips wanted to be an actress, however, her teachers told her she was too plain to have any real success, from 1925 to 1930 she worked as a school teacher in Dayton, Ohio, teaching drama and theatre history to schoolchildren. While working in this capacity she continued to attempt a career as an actress, at the age of 42, Phillips adopted a son, Thomas Dirk Phillips. A year later, she adopted a daughter, Katherine Louise Phillips, after working as a staff writer on a daytime talk show, Phillips created the serial Painted Dreams. Historians now believe the show to have been the first daytime serial specifically targeted for women, on this show Phillips wrote every episode, in addition to starring in the show as family matriarch Mother Moynihan and Sue Morton. Mother Moynihan was a widowed matriarch of a large Irish-American family, Phillips based Mother Moynihan’s struggles on her own mother’s obstacles. The Serial ran daily except Sundays until April 1932, Irna Phillips is credited with innovating a daytime serial format for radio geared toward women. Later known as “Queen of the Soaps, ” she introduced such as the organ bridge to give a smooth flow between scenes and the cliff-hanger ending to each episode. She started with her trial serial series Painted Dreams over Chicago’s WGN during daytime, WGN manager, Henry Selinger claimed to have come up with the original daytime serial to sell products for women. However, Phillips was hired to write as well as perform in this first series, disputes of ownership over the innovative serial ended Phillip’s association with WGN and she was picked up by opponent station WMAQ. Painted Dreams was then changed to Today’s Children featuring the same plot, Phillips had then learned to retain all rights and ownership to her newly titled show and the many that followed in her career. Phillips endured much disapproval for her writing, especially from sponsors like Procter & Gamble, critics and the radio business during the 1930s were mostly made up of men. Many had claimed Phillips serial series audiences were childlike, unrealistic, vulgar and this claim made from the male industry was a personal attack on the female characters Phillips produced. In reality, these characters were depicted as strong women with options, education
11.
General Foods
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General Foods Corporation was a company whose direct predecessor was established in the USA by Charles William Post as the Postum Cereal Company in 1895. The name General Foods was adopted in 1929, after corporate acquisitions. In November 1985, General Foods was acquired by Philip Morris Companies for $5.6 billion, in December 1988, Philip Morris acquired Kraft, Inc. and, in 1990, combined the two food companies as Kraft General Foods. General Foods was dropped from the name in 1995 and now exists only as part of a brand name for a flavored coffee-based beverage. C. W. Post established his company in Battle Creek, Michigan, having lived there since 1891, Dr. Kellogg, with his brother W. K. Kellogg, had developed a dry corn flake cereal that was part of their patients’ diet, posts first product, introduced in 1895, was not a cereal, however, but a roasted, cereal-based beverage, Postum. Having developed an aversion to coffee during his time in the sanitarium and its advertising slogan, which he coined himself, was Theres a Reason. Postums main ingredients were naturally caffeine-free wheat grain, bran, initially, Postum had to be brewed like coffee, but in 1911, Post introduced a powdered, instant formulation. This version of the product was manufactured in Battle Creek until it was discontinued in 2007, in 1897, Post introduced his first dry cereal, a crunchy blend of wheat and barley, which he called Grape Nuts. His first corn-flake product was introduced as Elijahs Manna in 1904, owing to consumer resistance to the biblical reference, it was renamed Post Toasties in 1907. Post was a businessman who believed that advertising and aggressive marketing were the keys to a successful enterprise. Within 10 years of its incorporation, his Postum Cereal Company had more than $10 million in capital and was spending $400,000 a year on advertising, sums which were remarkable for the period. Although he vigorously opposed labor unions, his employees were the highest-paid in his industry and he even developed a factory town in which he sold homes to his workers at favorable rates. Postum Cereal Company lost its founder in 1914, Post underwent an apparently successful appendectomy at the Mayo Clinic, but shortly after returning home to recuperate, he died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Post had for years suffered from bouts of illness and depression, while his death was without warning, his company was not left rudderless. His daughter, Marjorie Merriweather Post, had raised in the business and was familiar with virtually every aspect of its operations. She assumed control of the now $20-million Postum Company and managed its affairs for the eight years. While she did not oversee major product innovations, she did have a feel for business
12.
Post Cereals
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Post was founded by C. W. Post in 1895 with the first Postum, a cereal beverage, developed by Post in Battle Creek, Michigan. Post was a patient at the Battle Creek Sanitarium and was inspired by the diet there to start his food company, the first cereal, Grape-Nuts, was developed in 1897 followed by Elijahs Manna in 1904 which was renamed Post Toasties in 1908. In 1907 Colliers Weekly published an article questioning the claim made in advertisements for Grape Nuts that it could cure appendicitis, C. W. Post responded with advertisements questioning the mental capacity of the articles author, and Colliers Weekly sued for libel. The case was heard in 1910, and Post was fined $50,000, the decision was overturned on appeal, but advertisements for Postum products stopped making such claims. By far the most important acquisition of 1929 was of the company owned by Clarence Birdseye. Chairman E. F. Hutton changed the name to General Foods Corporation after the acquisition of Birdseye, General Foods was acquired by Philip Morris Companies in 1985. In 1989, Philip Morris merged General Foods with Kraft Foods, the cereal brands of Nabisco were acquired in 1993. In 1995, Kraft General Foods was reorganized and renamed Kraft Foods, on November 15,2007, Kraft announced it would spin off Post Cereals and merge that business with Ralcorp Holdings. That merger was completed August 4,2008, the official name of the company became Post Foods, LLC. In July 2011, Ralcorp announced plans to spin off Post Foods into a separate company, about a quarter of Ralcorps sales in 2010 were generated by its Post Foods unit. The spinoff was completed with an IPO for Post Holdings, Inc. on February 7,2012, in 2015, Post Foods purchased MOM Brands creating the third largest breakfast cereal company in the US. The combined company is now called Post Consumer Brands and is headquartered in Lakeville, marjorie Merriweather Post Post, Texas Close City, Texas Post Consumer Brands
13.
Procter & Gamble
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It primarily specializes in a wide range of cleaning agents, personal care and hygienics products. Before the sale of Pringles to the Kellogg Company, its product also included foods, snacks. In 2014, P&G recorded $83.1 billion in sales, David Taylor is the current president and CEO of Procter & Gamble. Candlemaker William Procter born in the United Kingdom and soapmaker James Gamble born in Ireland, emigrated from England and Ireland and they settled in Cincinnati initially and met when they married sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris. Alexander Norris, their father-in-law, called a meeting in which he persuaded his new sons-in-law to become business partners, on October 31,1837, as a result of the suggestion, Procter & Gamble was created. In 1858–1859, sales reached $1 million, by that point, about 80 employees worked for Procter & Gamble. During the American Civil War, the company won contracts to supply the Union Army with soap, in addition to the increased profits experienced during the war, the military contracts introduced soldiers from all over the country to Procter & Gambles products. In the 1880s, Procter & Gamble began to market a new product, the company called the soap Ivory. William Arnett Procter, William Procters grandson, began a program for the companys workforce in 1887. By giving the workers a stake in the company, he assumed that they would be less likely to go on strike. The company began to build factories in other locations in the United States because the demand for products had outgrown the capacity of the Cincinnati facilities. The companys leaders began to diversify its products, as well, and in 1911, began producing Crisco, as radio became more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, the company sponsored a number of radio programs. As a result, these often became commonly known as soap operas. After this acquisition, Procter & Gamble had their UK Headquarters at Hedley House in Newcastle upon Tyne, numerous new products and brand names were introduced over time, and Procter & Gamble began branching out into new areas. The company introduced Tide laundry detergent in 1946 and Prell shampoo in 1947, in 1955, Procter & Gamble began selling the first toothpaste to contain fluoride, known as Crest. Branching out once again in 1957, the company purchased Charmin paper mills, once again focusing on laundry, Procter & Gamble began making Downy fabric softener in 1960 and Bounce fabric softener sheets in 1972. Prior to this point, disposable diapers were not popular, although Johnson & Johnson had developed a product called Chux, babies always wore cloth diapers, which were leaky and labor-intensive to wash. Pampers provided a convenient alternative, albeit at the environmental cost of waste requiring landfilling
14.
Augusta Dabney
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Augusta Keith Dabney was an American actress known for her roles on many soap operas, most notably as the wealthy but kindly matriarch Isabelle Alden on the daytime series Loving. In the early days of television, she appeared in numerous episodes of such anthology drama series as Studio One, Kraft Television Theatre. In addition to her role on Loving, she had roles on other daytime soaps. Her first husband was actor Kevin McCarthy, with whom she had three children and they were married in 1941 and divorced in 1961. She was therefore sister-in-law to writer Mary McCarthy during this marriage and her second husband was actor William Prince. They were married from 1964 until his death in 1996, Dabney and Prince appeared together on at least four soaps, Young Dr. Malone, Another World, As the World Turns, and A World Apart. They also appeared together in one film, The Paper, where they portrayed a married couple and her last performance was on an episode of 100 Centre Street. She died in 2008, aged 89, from undisclosed causes, in Dobbs Ferry and she was survived by her three children from her first marriage and her four stepchildren from her second marriage, and six grandchildren. Augusta Dabney at the Internet Movie Database Augusta Dabney at the Internet Broadway Database Obituary, variety. com, accessed August 3,2015
15.
William Prince (actor)
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Prince was born in Nichols, New York, the son of Myrtle, a nurse, and Gorman Prince, who worked in sales. Prince attended Cornell University, which he left in his year to join a Federal Theatre tour of The Taming of the Shrew. He served an apprenticeship with the Barter Theater in Abingdon, Virginia and he then joined Maurice Evanss company, appearing in minor Shakespearean roles. His star began to rise after actress Eva Le Gallienne, responding to a letter, gave him an audition for the part of Richard in a revival of Eugene ONeills Ah. He got the part and caught the eye of the critics and his breakthrough came a year later, in 1942, with the role of Private Quizz West in Maxwell Andersons play The Eve of St. Mark. He was soon signed to a Hollywood contract, and appeared in Destination Tokyo, Objective Burma, after a mostly undistinguished movie career in the late 1940s, Prince worked primarily in television the following decade, having moved back to New York in the interim. It was there, in 1947, that Prince became one of the members of The Actors Studio. Two of his most notable roles were as Christian de Neuvillette in the 1950 Cyrano de Bergerac. He also gained acclaim for his portrayal of patriarch Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy in the 1977 teleplay Johnny. Returning to Broadway, he took leading roles in John Loves Mary and he appeared as Orlando in As You Like It, with Katharine Hepburn, and as Christopher Isherwood in I Am a Camera. In 1963, he played Charles Marsden in the Actors Studio production of Strange Interlude and he took leading roles in several plays by Edward Albee, beginning with The Ballad of the Sad Cafe in 1963. He appeared opposite Angela Lansbury in Counting the Ways and Listening in 1977, during the 1970s, 1980s and into the early 1990s, Prince made guest appearances on dozens of primetime television series and miniseries including Captains and the Kings, Aspen, and George Washington. He also reunited with Cyrano star Jose Ferrer for the made-for-television films The Rhinemann Exchange, in the latter, Ferrer played attorney for petitioner Gideon, Abe Fortas, and Prince was seen as one of the Supreme Court Justices. In 1992 he appeared on the long-running NBC drama Law & Order in the episode The Working Stiff, William Prince died October 8,1996, at Phelps Memorial Hospital in Tarrytown, New York. He was 83, and lived in Dobbs Ferry, New York at the time of his death. Prince was survived by his wife, Augusta Dabney Prince, a sister, Charlotte, William Prince at the Internet Movie Database William Prince at the Internet Broadway Database In Loving Memory Of William Prince
16.
Soap opera
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A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term soap opera originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past, the first serial considered to be a soap opera was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20,1930 on Chicago radio station WGN. The first nationally broadcast radio soap opera was Clara, Lu, and Em, a crucial element that defines the soap opera is the open-ended serial nature of the narrative, with stories spanning several episodes. One of the features that makes a television program a soap opera. While Spanish language telenovelas are sometimes called soap operas, telenovelas have conflicts that get resolved, but with soap operas each episode ends with a promise that the storyline is to be continued in another episode. You spend more time even with the characters, the apparent villains grow less apparently villainous. Soap opera storylines run concurrently, intersect and lead into further developments, each episode may feature some of the shows current storylines, but not always all of them. Soap operas rarely bring all the current storylines to a conclusion at the same time, when one storyline ends, there are several other story threads at differing stages of development. Soap opera episodes typically end on some sort of cliffhanger, evening soap operas and those that air at a rate of one episode per week are more likely to feature the entire cast in each episode, and to represent all current storylines in each episode. Evening soap operas and serials that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to a dramatic end-of-season cliffhanger, the article explained that at that time, many prime time series lost money, while daytime serials earned profits several times more than their production costs. Fitting in with these characteristics, most soap operas follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a particular place, the storylines follow the day-to-day activities and personal relationships of these characters. These elements may be found across the gamut of soap operas, Due to the prominence of English-language television, most soap-operas are completely English. In many soap operas, in particular daytime serials in the US, Soap operas from the United Kingdom and Australia tend to focus on more everyday characters and situations, and are frequently set in working class environments. Many of the soaps produced in two countries explore social realist storylines such as family discord, marriage breakdown or financial problems. This diverges from US soap operas where such comedy is rare, UK soap operas frequently make a claim to presenting reality or purport to have a realistic style. Romance, secret relationships, extramarital affairs, and genuine hate have been the basis for many soap opera storylines, in US daytime serials, the most popular soap opera characters, and the most popular storylines, often involved a romance of the sort presented in paperback romance novels. Crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and even murder may go unpunished if the perpetrator is to be retained in the ongoing story, Australian and UK soap operas also feature a significant proportion of romance storylines. In Russia, most popular serials explore the romantic quality of criminal and/or oligarch life, in soap opera storylines, previously unknown children, siblings and twins of established characters often emerge to upset and reinvigorate the set of relationships examined by the series
17.
Pepper Young's Family
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Pepper Youngs Family was one of radios more popular daytime drama series, with various format and title changes during its long run from 1932 to 1959. It was created and written by story author and playwright Elaine Sterne Carrington. With Burgess Meredith in the role, the program began as Red Adams, about high school athlete Red Adams, his family. The 30-minute series was broadcast on the Blue Network, airing on Sunday nights at 10, 30pm. When Beech-Nut Gum signed as a sponsor, they wanted no mention of their competition, Adams gum, so the title changed to Red Davis, a 15-minute series heard three times a week from 1933 to 1935. The series was retitled, and the 15-minute Forever Young was heard on NBC weekdays at 3pm from January 13 to June 26,1936. Three days later, on June 29, it became Pepper Youngs Family, in the storyline, high school athlete Larry Pepper Young and his sister Peggy lived in the small town of Elmwood where their father, Sam Young ran a manufacturing company. Peppers girl friend was Linda Benton, and his buddy was Nick Havens, leaving school, Pepper took a job as a reporter with the local Free Press. When Pepper and Linda married, they had a child, Button, oil was discovered on the farm where Pepper and Linda lived, but a fire at the oil well spread, burning down much of the town. Announcers included Martin Block, Alan Kent and Richard Stark, the opening piano theme was Au Matin. Carrington continued to script the program until her death in 1958 and she also wrote scripts for two other daytime dramas, When a Girl Marries and Rosemary. In 1964, NANA Radio began production of newly written episodes of Pepper Youngs Family, at least 88 of these revival episodes are in circulation today. Bernard Krigstein adapted the series into a comic strip in 1950. List of radio soap operas Cox, Jim, historical Dictionary of American Radio Soap Operas, Scarecrow Press,2005. Pepper Youngs Family comic strip Pepper Youngs Family article in TV Radio Mirror, November 1956
18.
Days of Our Lives
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Days of Our Lives is an American daytime soap opera broadcast on the NBC television network. It is one of the scripted television programs in the world. It has since been syndicated to many countries around the world and it rebroadcast same-day episodes on SOAPnet weeknights at 8 and 10 p. m. until the networks closure in 2013. The series was created by husband-and-wife team Ted Corday and Betty Corday. Irna Phillips was an editor for Days of Our Lives. In February 2016, the received a one-year renewal through 2017. Due to the success, it was expanded from 30 minutes to 60 minutes on April 21,1975. The series focuses on its core families, the Hortons and the Bradys, several other families have been added to the cast, and many of them still appear on the show. Frances Reid, the matriarch of the series Horton family remained with the show from its inception to her death on February 3,2010. Suzanne Rogers celebrated 40 years on Days of Our Lives this year, Susan Seaforth Hayes is the only cast member to appear on Days of Our Lives in all five decades it has been on air. Days of Our Lives aired its 10, 000th episode on February 21,2005, the soap was given the title of most daring drama in the seventies due to covering topics other soaps would not dare to do. The shows executive producer is Ken Corday, and co-executive producers are Greg Meng, Days of Our Lives is the most widely distributed soap opera in the United States. The show has had high-profile fans such as actress Julia Roberts, the Cordays and Bell combined the hospital soap idea with the tradition of centering a series on a family, by making the show about a family of doctors, including one who worked in a mental hospital. Former executive producer Al Rabin took pride in the characters passion, critics originally praised the show for its non-reliance on nostalgia and its portrayal of real American contemporary families. The January 12,1976 cover of Time magazine featured Days of Our Lives Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes, Days of Our lives actors have also won awards, Macdonald Carey won Best Actor in 1974 and 1975. Susan Flannery and Eileen Davidson won Best Actress in 1975 and 2014, suzanne Rogers, Leann Hunley, and Tamara Braun won Best Supporting Actress for, respectively,1979,1986, and 2009 and Billy Warlock won Best Younger Actor for 1988. In January 2007 it was suggested by NBC that the show is unlikely to continue past 2009, in November 2008, in an eleventh-hour decision, it was announced the show had been renewed through September 2010. The 18-month renewal was down from its previous renewal, which was for five years, the show made somewhat of a comeback in 2009, with ratings increasing as the year progressed. The series received a renewal in January 2014 that is set to last until September 2016
19.
Sandy Becker
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George Sanford Becker, who was known professionally as Sandy Becker, was a television announcer, actor, and comedian who hosted several popular childrens programs in New York City. The best known of these was The Sandy Becker Show, which ran from 1955 to 1968 on Channel 5 WABD-TV and WNEW-TV, Sandy Becker was born and raised in New York City. Originally a pre-medical student at New York University in the 1930s, Becker played the doctor on radio for a decade. Soon, he started working for Channel 5 and began hosting a program featuring Bugs Bunny cartoons, The Looney Tunes Show, a second Friday night program called Bugs Bunny Theater ran from 1956 to 1957. Becker also did television announcing, such as for Wildroot Cream-Oil ads in the television series The Adventures of Robin Hood and he did radio spots for Crisco, as well. In the middle of those activities, Becker found his calling, spun in large part off from his knack for entertaining his own 3 children, with his vocal and comic versatility. This led him to his show, beginning in 1955. He soon added a program, Sandy Beckers Funhouse, briefly in 1955. He also hosted the syndicated Wonderama television show from 1955-56, the Sandy Becker Show was seen weekday afternoons and evenings from Monday March 30,1961, to Friday February 16,1968. The show also ran on Saturday evenings, from March 27,1961 to September 4,1965, Beckers propensity for doing comic voices brought him much work in animation. Becker also provided the voices for Sergeant Okie Homa and Ruffled Feathers on Go Go Gophers, the former character sounded similar to John Wayne, while the latter simply exploded into babbling gibberish whenever he explained his latest idea to stop the coyote adversaries. He also had a bird in a cage called Chipper. Lastima, and the Irish Danny Moran, enough kids bought the record that it reached survey position #22 on local rock radio station WMCA in March 1963. For the morning shows own theme music, Sandy came to use Guy Warrens That Happy Feeling as recorded in 1962 by Bert Kaempfert, Becker also created a puppet known as Henry Headline, who delivered lighter news to the children who watched. Theyll learn about wars and international crises soon enough, I try to keep the news as light as possible. Occasionally Ill use an item that has historical value, in spite of this view — or perhaps because of it — Becker is warmly remembered for the manner in which he handled one of Americas deepest tragedies on the air. On November 22,1963, after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Becker went on the air and, quite movingly, sadly, most of Beckers programs were not preserved. Most aired live and were not kinescoped or videotaped, they live on only in the memories of those who watched them, however, some clips are surfacing on the Internet
20.
Evelyn Varden
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Evelyn Varden was an American character actress. She began her career as a teenager in the first decade of the 20th century and was on Broadway by age sixteen in 1910, the role was played by Fay Bainter in the 1940 motion picture. Vardens stage work mainly consisted of supporting roles although she did star in the ill-fated Return Engagement by Lawrence Riley. The 1950 melodrama Hilda Crane was a success for Varden although the play itself ran only two months. The following year she played the Nurse in a production of Romeo and her final Broadway appearance in The Bad Seed was one of her acclaimed performances. She occasionally appeared on radio from the early 1940s and well into the 1950s and she starred in radio productions of Hay Fever, The Silver Cord, and The Glass Menagerie among several other programs. She would later appear in a number of productions during the 1950s, including an adaptation of Cradle Song. Contrary to some reports, Evelyn Varden is not related to fellow actress of her day Norma Varden, Varden did not make her first film appearance until 1949 at age 56 with the film Pinky. She then went on to make over a dozen films, including recreating her stage roles in the motion picture adaptations of Hilda Crane. Her best-known motion picture performance was as the gregarious storekeeper Icy Spoon in the 1955 film classic The Night of the Hunter starring Robert Mitchum and she was still going strong in her career at the time of her sudden death. Varden died on July 11,1958 at 65 in Flower-Fifth Avenue Hospital in Manhattan
21.
Berry Kroeger
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Berry Kroeger was an American film, television and stage actor. He was discovered by filmmaker William Wellman while performing on Broadway and began appearing in films in 1948 with his role in The Iron Curtain. Kroeger specialized in playing slimy bad guys in films like Act of Violence and The Iron Curtain, a lawyer in Cry of the City. His flair for decadent leering and evil scowls often led to his being cast in schlock fare, like 1966s Chamber of Horrors and he appeared in a small role as a village elder in Young Frankenstein. He appeared in dozens of television programs and he also appeared in shows such as Hawaiian Eye, Get Smart and The Man from U. N. C. L. E. His last major role was in 1977s The Demon Seed. On Broadway, Kroeger portrayed the High Lama in the ill-fated 1956 musical adaptation of Lost Horizon entitled Shangri-La, on January 4,1991, Berry Kroeger died of kidney failure
22.
The Brighter Day
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The Brighter Day is an American daytime soap opera which aired on CBS from January 4,1954 to September 28,1962. Originally created for NBC radio by Irna Phillips in 1948, the radio, set in New Hope, Wisconsin, the series revolved around Reverend Richard Dennis and his four children, Althea, Patsy, Babby and Grayling. The Brighter Day was the first soap opera to air on television with an explicitly religious theme. Another soap opera created by Phillips, The Guiding Light, initially had a theme as a radio show. The Brighter Day had its roots in the soap opera Joyce Jordan, M. D. Jim Cox, in his book The Great Radio Soap Operas, wrote. But it was rolled out on another drama some time before that. Dr. Jordan lived near the Dennis familys hometown of Three Rivers, and listeners of the Jordan program became acquainted with the Dennises in 1948. In a seamless transition, Cox wrote, By the time Dr. Jordan said good-by on her final broadcast on Friday, October 8,1948, the following Monday listeners could easily connect with the new series growing out of the show they had been hearing for so long. Smoothing the transition even more, The Brighter Days announcer, sponsor, network and time slot were the same as those of Joyce Jordan, M. D. The original radio version took place in the town of Three Rivers, later in the run, the Dennis family moved to Columbus, established as a college town. There were five children in the version, but the oldest daughter, Liz, married. Also living with Reverend Dennis was his sister, Emily Potter. The Brighter Day had mid-range Nielsen ratings for most of its run, during the 1950s, it was in the middle of the pack typically landing between 5th and 7th place over all and in the middle of all the CBS soaps. The shows best season was 1955–1956, when it did not have any competition from ABC, though Storm and Edge rebounded, The Brighter Day and its lead-in The Verdict Is Yours did not. By the 1960–61 season, both shows were holding their own, but had taken a ratings hit. In Summer 1961, Procter & Gamble gave up production of the show to CBS, key characters and stories were dropped when their actors did not wish to relocate. This decision had both The Brighter Day and The Verdict is Yours moving from their mid/late afternoon slots to mid/late morning. The timeslot change was the nail in the coffin, as both series lost almost half their audience, with The Brighter Day falling from a 6.9 to 3.7
23.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
24.
Ma Perkins
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Ma Perkins is an American radio soap opera which was heard on NBC from 1933 to 1949 and on CBS from 1942 to 1960. Between 1942 and 1949, the show was simultaneously on both networks. During part of its run on NBC, that networks coverage was augmented by use of transcriptions, beginning April 1,1935, nine stations broadcast the transcriptions. Oxydol dropped its sponsorship in 1956, the program continued with various sponsors until 1960. The series was produced by Frank and Anne Hummert with scripts by Robert Hardy Andrews, Orvin Tovrov, Ma Perkins began August 14,1933 on WLW in Cincinnati. On December 4 of that year, it graduated to the NBC Red network, on NBC and CBS the series ran for a total of 7,065 episodes. America’s mother of the air was portrayed by actress Virginia Payne, kindly, trusting widow Ma Perkins had a big heart and a great love of humanity. She always offered her homespun philosophy to troubled souls in need of advice, one of her children died during World War II. Mas daughter Fay was played by Isabelle Krehbiel and Rita Ascot, gilbert Faust had the role of John. Evey Perkins was played by Dora Johnson, Laurette Fillbrandt and Kay Campbell, shuffle Shober, Mas best friend, was played by Charles Egelston. Murray Forbes was heard as Willie Fitz, and Cecil Roy portrayed Junior Fitz, early in the drama’s run Ma was portrayed as quite combative and spiteful, but her character soon developed into the kindhearted sage and conscience of the entire community. There were various dramas that unfolded over the years, some more far-fetched than others, two of the more memorable plot stretches involve Ma exposing a black market baby-napping ring, and Ma harboring Soviet political dissidents inside her home. When the show ended on Friday, November 25,1960. The last episode was the one in which Virginia Paynes name was mentioned. In all other episodes, the announcer at the close of the show would run down the names of all the actors in the cast, from Ma Perkins to Mary Hartman, The Illustrated History of Soap Operas. Ma Perkins, Little Orphan Annie and Heigh Ho Silver, Ma Perkins radio shows from 1950 Dick Bertel interview with Virginia Payne on Hartfords WTIC Listen to Ma Perkins on Outlaws Old Time Radio Corner Ma Perkins at the National Radio Hall of Fame
25.
Patty McCormack
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Patricia Patty McCormack is an American actress with a career in theater, films, and television. McCormack began her career as a child actress and she is perhaps best known for her performance as the title character in Maxwell Andersons 1954 psychological drama The Bad Seed. McCormack was born Patricia Ellen Russo in Brooklyn, New York, to Elizabeth, a roller skater, and Frank Russo. She attended New Utrecht High School in Brooklyn She is an aunt of fellow actor and she was a child model at the age of four, and began appearing on television at the age of seven. She made her debut in Two Gals and a Guy. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film version and she originated the role of Helen Keller in the original 1957 Playhouse 90 production of William Gibsons The Miracle Worker opposite Teresa Wright. In 1957, she was cast by Orson Welles in his film of Don Quixote, but filming had to be abandoned for budgetary reasons, and was never fully completed. When a version was edited together in 1992, some years after Welless death, it did not include any of McCormacks scenes and she had the role of a pampered child star in the 1958 comedy Kathy O and recorded the title song for Dot Records. McCormack briefly starred in her own series, Pecks Bad Girl with Marsha Hunt and Wendell Corey in 1959, in the early 1960s, she starred in a series of popular teenaged-delinquent films, including The Explosive Generation with William Shatner and The Young Runaways. In 1962, she portrayed Julie Cannon in the episode Incident of the Wolvers on CBSs Rawhide and she married restaurateur Bob Catania in 1967, and they had two children before their marriage was dissolved. After a half-dozen teen roles during the 1960s, her career declined. In 1970, she played Linda Warren on the soap opera The Best of Everything and she guest-starred on The Streets of San Francisco, season two, episode Blockade. She also portrayed a San Francisco paramedic on the season-seven Emergency, series episodes Whats a Nice Girl Like You Doing. and The Convention. She resumed her career with Bug in 1975. She had recurring roles in television series, including The Ropers, Dallas, Murder, She Wrote. When Kathryn Hays left the CBS soap opera As the World Turns for an extended period and she starred as a psychotic mother in the cult thriller Mommy and its 1997 sequel Mommy 2, Mommys Day. In 2008, McCormack played First Lady Pat Nixon in the feature film Frost/Nixon, McCormack continues to work regularly and she costarred in the 2012 series Have You Met Miss Jones. A recent film appearance is in the 2014 release Chicanery and she guest-starred in a 2013 episode of the series Hart of Dixie and her most notable recent work was in the Paul Thomas Anderson film The Master
26.
Virginia Dwyer
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Virginia Dwyer Gorman was an actress known for her roles in several daytime soap operas. From 1954 to 1962, she had roles on at least five daytime programs, including The Road of Life, The Secret Storm, Young Dr. Malone, Guiding Light and she was born in Omaha, Nebraska. She was best known for her role as matriarch Mary Matthews on Another World, although popular with the audience, she fell into disfavor with headwriter Harding Lemay, reportedly because she refused to learn her dialogue as written. Finally, Lemay had the Mary Matthews character die unexpectedly off-camera, after being a regular performer on daytime television for over 20 years, Dwyer did not work on daytime again after leaving Another World. However, for an episode of Another World, she did reprise her role as Mary Matthews in a dream sequence in which George Reinholt also appeared and reprised his role as Steven Frame. The character of Rachel Cory Hutchins had a near death experience in which she saw characters, including Mary Matthews and Steven Frame and she was at one time married to director Walter Gorman. She died in 2012 in Manhattan aged 92, virginia Dwyer at the Internet Movie Database
27.
Dick Van Patten
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Richard Vincent Dick Van Patten was an American actor, businessman, and animal welfare advocate, best known for his role as patriarch Tom Bradford on the ABC television comedy-drama Eight Is Enough. Van Patten began work as an actor and was successful on the New York stage. He worked in radio, on Duffys Tavern and he later starred in numerous television roles including the long running CBS television series, I Remember Mama and Young Doctor Malone. Later, he would star or co-star in many films, including Mel Brooks Robin Hood, Men in Tights and Spaceballs, Charlton Hestons Soylent Green. Van Patten was the founder of Natural Balance Pet Foods and National Guide Dog Month. Richard Vincent Van Patten was born in the Kew Gardens section of Queens, New York, the son of Richard Byron Van Patten, a decorator, and Josephine Rose. His mother was of Italian descent, while his father had Dutch and he began work as a model and actor as a child making his Broadway debut at the age of seven. He was successful on the New York stage, appearing in a dozen theatrical plays before reaching his teen years and he later moved to Hollywood and began a lengthy career in film and television. Van Pattens career in business began as a child actor on Broadway in 1935 in Tapestry In Gray starring Melvyn Douglas. He was billed as Dickie Van Patten and went on to appear in twelve other Broadway plays as a teenager. He moved on to television with the role of Nels Hansen in the CBS series, Mama, about a Norwegian-American family living in San Francisco, California and it ran from 1949 to 1957. Van Patten also appeared in episodes of Sanford and Son, Banacek, Arrested Development, The Brian Keith Show, Cannon, The Streets of San Francisco, Adam-12, Van Patten had numerous leading roles in motion pictures including Joe Kidd, The Snowball Express and The Santa Trap. He played the role of Usher #1 alongside Charlton Heston. Van Patten played the role of Jack Benson in Opposite Day and he also was a commentator for the World Series of Poker from 1993 to 1995. The Hollywood Walk of Fame honored Van Patten November 20,1985, on January 12,2008, Van Patten received a star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars. On November 1,2009, Phoenix Books published Eighty Is Not Enough, a book co-authored by Van Patten and Robert Baer in which Van Patten shares an 80-year journey of insights and anecdotes through the entertainment industry. An animal enthusiast, Van Patten co-founded Dick Van Pattens Natural Balance Pet Foods in 1989. Van Pattens creation of his own brand of dog food was satirized in comedian John Hodgmans 2008 book, More Information Than You Require, and was re-branded as Dick Van Pattens Hobo Chili for Dogs
28.
Diana Hyland
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Diana Hyland was an American stage, film and television actress. Hyland was born Diana Gentner in Cleveland Heights, Ohio and she made her acting debut in 1955 at age 19 in an episode of Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1959, she originated the role on Broadway of Heavenly Finley in Tennessee Williams Sweet Bird of Youth appearing with Geraldine Page, the same year she appeared in an episode of the TV series The Man from U. N. C. L. E. The Candidates Wife Affair, with Leo G. Carroll, from 1958 to 1963, Hyland was a regular on the NBC soap opera Young Doctor Malone, playing Gig Houseman, wife of the younger Dr. Malone. She had a role in the prime-time soap opera Peyton Place from 1968 to 1969. She appeared in the 1976 television movie The Boy in the Plastic Bubble, the following year, she co-starred with Dick Van Patten in the series Eight Is Enough, but appeared in only four episodes prior to her death. Hyland dated actor Joe Goodson briefly before they were married on April 24,1969 and their son Zachary Goodson was born in 1973. She began a relationship with actor John Travolta,18 years her junior. Hyland was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1977, and underwent a mastectomy, however, the cancer spread and her health deteriorated. Hyland and Travolta remained together until her death, in Travoltas arms, on March 27,1977, after Hylands death, her son was placed in Goodsons custody. Diana Hyland at the Internet Movie Database Diana Hyland at the Internet Broadway Database Diana Hyland at Find a Grave Diana Hyland portrait gallery at NY Public Library
29.
Eight Is Enough
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Eight Is Enough is an American television comedy-drama series that ran on ABC from March 15,1977, until August 29,1981. The show was modeled on the life of syndicated newspaper columnist Thomas Braden, a parent with eight children. The show centers on a Sacramento, California, family with eight children, the father, Tom Bradford, was a newspaper columnist for the fictional Sacramento Register. His wife Joan took care of the children, hyland was only in four episodes before falling ill, she was written out for the remainder of the first season and died five days after the second episode aired. The second season began in the fall of 1977 with the revelation that Tom had become a widower, Tom fell in love with Sandra Sue Abby Abbott, a schoolteacher who came to the house to tutor Tommy who had broken his leg in a football game. They were married in one of the series TV movie broadcasts on November 9,1977, in another TV movie event in September 1979, David and Susan were both married in a double wedding. In the pilot, the role of David was played by Mark Hamill, Nancy was played by Kimberly Beck, when ABC screened the pilot they were unhappy with a couple of performances. Beck and English were let go and replaced by Dianne Kay, Hamill sought to get out of his contract on Eight Is Enough to take the opportunity to star in George Lucas Star Wars. His request was rejected by Lorimar Productions as he had signed a five-year-contract with them, however, in December 1976 Hamill had been involved in a car crash that resulted in his needing reconstructive facial surgery. By the time ABC had greenlit the series, Hamill was still hospitalized and they let him out of his contract and the role was re-cast with Grant Goodeve now playing David for the series. Greg Maxwell Virginia Vincent—Daisy Maxwell The show was developed by writer William Blinn and was a Lorimar Production and it was originally distributed by Worldvision Enterprises. For the first three years the show filmed scenes at The Burbank Studios now known as the Warner Bros. From the fourth season the show filmed interiors at MGM Studios in Culver City, the home featured in the exterior shots was on Chiquita St, near Lankershim Boulevard in Los Angeles. The house has since demolished and replaced. The interiors were filmed on two sound stages at the studio, one for the main floor and one for the upstairs. The shows team of producers included Robert L. Jacks, Gary Adelson, Greg Strangis, executive producers were Lee Rich and Philip Capice. As a production of the Lorimar stable, who were concurrently producing CBSs The Waltons, hall, and Hindi Brooks, who soon became the shows long-time story editor. In-house directors included Philip Leacock, Harry Harris, and Irving J. Moore, as an in-joke, the character name of one of Nicholas Bradfords best friends was Irving Julius Moore, a nod to the director of the same name whose middle name was in fact Joseph
30.
Nicolas Coster
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Coster was born in London to an American mother and a New Zealand father, who was a marine commander. He first appeared in the NBC soap opera Young Doctor Malone, later, he created the role of Professor Paul Britton on The Secret Storm, a role that he played in 1964 and from 1967-1968. Jed Allan, who played that part, played his rival C. C. He played John Eldridge in both the primetime serialized drama Our Private World and later on As the World Turns. His first appearance on television was on an episode of The U. S. Steel Hour in 1959. Since then, he has racked up more than 80 appearances on three television shows, guest-starring most notably as David Warner, the father of Blair Warner. He also spent one season on the NBC comedy Sheriff Lobo and he returned to daytime television by first creating his Robert Delaney role on Another World during the weeks preceding the premiere of Somerset in March 1970. When the Delaneys were written out of show in 1972. Coster returned to the role briefly during the summer of 1980 and he later played gangster-turned-informant Anthony Makana on One Life to Live but left to create the role of Lionel Lockridge on the new serial Santa Barbara. He later returned to Santa Barbara in the spring of 1990 when emphasis on the Lockridge family was restored and he returned to play a second role on As the World Turns from 1993–1995, once again playing one of Lisas many husbands, Eduard Grimaldi. Coster is currently married to Beth Pantel, with three children, airport 79 The Electric Horseman Little Darlings Stir Crazy The Pursuit of D. B. Cooper Reds Big Business How I Got into College Betsys Wedding The Dukes of Hazzard, Hazzard in Hollywood Nicolas Coster at the Internet Movie Database Nicolas Coster and Challenge Foundation
31.
Joan Hackett
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Joan Ann Hackett was an American actress of film, stage and television. She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress for the 1966 film The Group and she went on to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and win the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1981 film Only When I Laugh. She also starred as Christine Mannon in the 1978 PBS miniseries version of Mourning Becomes Electra and she was born in New York City, the daughter of Mary, and John Hackett. She had a sister, Theresa and a brother, John and her mother was from Naples, Italy and her father had Irish ancestry, and they reared her Roman Catholic and sent her to Catholic schools. Hackett debuted in 1959 with the role of Gail Prentiss in the television series, Young Doctor Malone. In 1961 she won a Theatre World Award, an Obie Award for Best Actress, and she had a recurring role on the CBS legal drama The Defenders as the fiancee of Kenneth Preston, partner in the father-and-son law firm led by patriarch Lawrence Preston. She appeared regularly in scenes with both lead actors and she had a leading role in The Twilight Zone episode A Piano in the House. In the 1963-1964 season, she guest starred on the ABC drama about life, Channing starring Jason Evers. Hackett had one of the roles in the 1966 Sidney Lumet film The Group, along with Candice Bergen, Larry Hagman, Richard Mulligan, Joanna Pettet. One of her movie performances was the role of Catherine Allen. Hackett also had parts in the classic Western comedy Support Your Local Sheriff. With James Garner, and the 1973 murder mystery The Last of Sheila, after this she primarily had parts in TV movies and on episodes of TV series. In 1978, she appeared in a PBS adaptation of Mourning Becomes Electra as Christine Mannon, clive James said that it entitled her to be called a great actress. The same year, she was a regular in the cast of the short-lived CBS situation comedy Another Day and she appeared in the September 22,1979 episode, Grass is Always Greener, of The Love Boat as Julie McCoys former classmate from the lines cruise director course. She could also be seen in Paul Simons film One Trick Pony, from 1966 to 1973 she was married to actor Richard Mulligan, who also appeared in The Group. Hackett was diagnosed cancer in 1983. She died of cancer on October 8,1983 at Encino Hospital in Encino. Both of her parents and her former husband Richard Mulligan also died of cancer and her remains are interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery, where her epitaph reads Go Away — Im Asleep
32.
Luke Halpin
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Luke Austin Halpin is an American former actor. Halpin was born in Astoria, Queens, New York City and his father was of Irish and German descent, and his maternal grandparents were Polish. He grew up with his family in Long Island City and he has an older brother, Eugene, Jr. and an older sister, Joan. He and his siblings were raised as Roman Catholics, Halpins career began when a music teacher, impressed by Halpins all-American look, encouraged him to try acting. In 1955 he co-starred with Natalie Wood in an episode of Studio One entitled Miracle at Potters Farm, Halpins early career also included several stage roles. He made his Broadway debut in Take Me Along starring Jackie Gleason, and appeared in Sunrise at Campobello, kelly and Halpin kept the same roles for the Flipper that commenced filming in the summer of 1964 adding younger brother Bud, played by Tommy Norden when Norden was 11. Halpin was chosen by Tors for the role of Sandy Ricks because of his skills in the water as well as his extensive prior acting experience and he also proved able to bond quickly with the dolphins who played Flipper. This chemistry paved the way for the launching of the TV series after the two feature films and his popular TV character became defined by many water-activity related plots with him often wearing nothing more than what came to be his signature cut-off blue jeans shorts. The Flipper ran for eighty-eight episodes from 1964 to 1967 and is still in syndication and it was filmed in the park and waters around Key Biscayne, Florida, at the Ivan Tors Studios and the Miami Seaquarium, both in Miami. The series performed strongly in the hotly contested Saturday night TV slot, the series made Halpin a famous teen idol especially among adolescent viewers. He was often featured in magazines as Bravo, Teen Life,16 Magazine. He appeared on the show again just prior to the filming of the season, on April 15,1965. He appeared in Death Valley Days in 1968, where he played Sandy King, a member of the Curly Bill Brocius gang. A notable later appearance was in the 1980 television movie The Ordeal of Dr. Mudd for treatment, flight of the Navigator and Speed 2, Cruise Control as well as for the television series Miami Vice. Halpin lives in Rotonda West in Charlotte County on the west coast of Florida with his third wife and he has three sons, Kyle Austin Halpin, Blair Luke Halpin, and Courtney Luke Halpin. In 2015 it was reported that Halpin was suffering from Stage IV head, a website to assist in his care has been established. In June 2016 a family friend announced the cancer was in remission, Luke Halpin at the Internet Movie Database Luke Halpin Gallery
33.
Joyce Van Patten
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Joyce Benignia Van Patten is an American stage, film, and television actress, best known for the wry, astringent, and neurotic characters she portrays. Among many roles, one of her most recognized is that of the wise, Van Patten was born in New York City to Josephine Rose, a magazine advertising executive, and Richard Byron Van Patten, an interior decorator. Her mother was of Italian descent, while her father was of Dutch and she is the younger sister of actor Dick Van Patten, half sister of actor/director Tim Van Patten and actor John Van Patten. Van Patten has appeared in dozens of television series and she was a member of the original cast of As the World Turns. She appeared in two episodes of Perry Mason, on a 1976 episode of Columbo, Old Fashioned Murder, Van Patten played the lead, as a museum owner and curator who commits murder. In 1974, she had a role in the episode Negative Reaction of the same series. In 1979, she starred as Iris Chapman in The Mary Tyler Moore Hour, in 1995, she played Maureen, Jennies mother, for two seasons on the WB sitcom Unhappily Ever After. In 2005, she played Carol Prudy, Susan Mayers stepmother and her film credits include I Love You, Alice B. Elmos Fire, Billy Galvin, Blind Date, Monkey Shines, Grown Ups, This Must Be the Place, at age 9, Van Patten made her stage debut in Tomorrow, the World. She appeared on Broadway in, among other shows, A Hole in the Head, Brighton Beach Memoirs, Murder at the Howard Johnsons, Rumors, and Rabbit Hole. She appeared off-Broadway in such dramas as Love, Loss, and What I Wore, The Vagina Monologues and she also appeared and recorded, with Charles Aidman and Naomi Caryl Hirschhorn, excerpts from Spoon River Anthology. Joyce Van Patten at the Internet Movie Database Joyce Van Patten at the Internet Broadway Database Joyce Van Patten at Internet off-Broadway Database
34.
Portable Document Format
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The Portable Document Format is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, PDF was developed in the early 1990s as a way to share computer documents, including text formatting and inline images. It was among a number of competing formats such as DjVu, Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica, in those early years before the rise of the World Wide Web and HTML documents, PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows. Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993 and these proprietary technologies are not standardized and their specification is published only on Adobe’s website. Many of them are not supported by popular third-party implementations of PDF. So when organizations publish PDFs which use proprietary technologies, they present accessibility issues for some users. In 2014, ISO TC171 voted to deprecate XFA for ISO 32000-2, on January 9,2017, the final draft for ISO 32000-2 was published, thus reaching the approval stage. The PDF combines three technologies, A subset of the PostScript page description programming language, for generating the layout, a font-embedding/replacement system to allow fonts to travel with the documents. A structured storage system to bundle these elements and any associated content into a single file, PostScript is a page description language run in an interpreter to generate an image, a process requiring many resources. It can handle graphics and standard features of programming such as if. PDF is largely based on PostScript but simplified to remove flow control features like these, often, the PostScript-like PDF code is generated from a source PostScript file. The graphics commands that are output by the PostScript code are collected and tokenized, any files, graphics, or fonts to which the document refers also are collected. Then, everything is compressed to a single file, therefore, the entire PostScript world remains intact. PDF supports graphic transparency, PostScript does not, PostScript is an interpreted programming language with an implicit global state, so instructions accompanying the description of one page can affect the appearance of any following page. Therefore, all preceding pages in a PostScript document must be processed to determine the appearance of a given page. A PDF file is a 7-bit ASCII file, except for elements that may have binary content. A PDF file starts with a header containing the magic number, the format is a subset of a COS format. A COS tree file consists primarily of objects, of which there are eight types, Boolean values, representing true or false Numbers Strings, enclosed within parentheses, objects may be either direct or indirect
35.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
36.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
37.
The Bold and the Beautiful
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The Bold and the Beautiful is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. Set in Los Angeles, California, the show centers upon the Forrester family, the program features an ensemble cast, headed by its longest-serving actors John McCook as Eric Forrester and Katherine Kelly Lang as Brooke Logan. Since its premiere, the show has become the most-watched soap in the world, as of 2010, it continues to hold on to the second-placed position in weekly Nielsen Ratings for daytime dramas. The Bold and the Beautiful has also won 31 Daytime Emmy Awards, including one for Outstanding Drama Series in 2009 and again in 2010, as well as in 2011. On September 7,2011, the series switched to high definition, making it the second-to-last American soap to make the switch, at the time. B&B was the last American soap opera to make the transition due to the cancellation of ABCs One Life to Live before it returned along with All My Children on April 29,2013. It is the youngest airing daytime soap opera in the United States, since December 2,2013, The Bold and the Beautiful now airs same day CBS repeats on Pop. Set in Los Angeles, California, The Bold and the Beautiful centers around the Forrester family, the young lovers hurried to get married after Stephanie became pregnant. It was discovered later, when the children were all adults. The pilot episodes of the focuses on the preparations of the wedding of the Forresters eldest son, Ridge, to Caroline Spencer Forrester. At this time Ridge has already become a designer and vice president of Forrester Creations. In an ironic twist of fate, Beth was Erics college girlfriend before he married Stephanie, Brookes life soon becomes a key element in the series. Originally from a background, her love affair with Ridge sets up much of the story-line. Every so often, Ridge and Brooke reunite only to break up due to various circumstances, in addition, the rivalry between Ridges mother Stephanie and Brooke plays a key role in the drama. Following one of her breakups with Ridge, Brooke marries his father Eric, Brooke gives birth to two of Erics children. They eventually divorce and Eric reconciles with Stephanie, Eric eventually marries Brooks sister, Donna Logan and legally adopts her son Marcus. They later divorce due to their familys bitter history, Felicia and Kristen Forrester choose to follow their own paths, leaving the family company to be run by Ridge, Thorne, Rick, Marcus, and their families. For many years, Spectra Fashions was Forresters main rival, headed by Sally Spectra, sallys daughter Macy Alexander, a singer, undergoes many traumas, most notably alcoholism
38.
General Hospital
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General Hospital is an American daytime television medical drama. General Hospital premiered on the ABC television network on April 1,1963, same-day broadcasts as well as classic episodes were aired on SOAPnet from January 20,2000, to December 31,2013, following Disney-ABCs decision to discontinue the network. General Hospital is the serial produced in Hollywood, and the longest-running entertainment program in ABC television history. It holds the record for most Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series, the show was created by husband-and-wife soap writers Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital, in an unnamed fictional city. In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York, from its beginning, General Hospital starred John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin, and both actors stayed with the show until their deaths in 1996 and 1991 respectively. They were joined a year later by Rachel Ames who remains to date the longest serving actress on an ABC soap opera, General Hospital was the second soap to air on ABC. In 1964, a sister soap was created for General Hospital, The Young Marrieds, taped at The Prospect Studios, General Hospital aired for a half-hour until July 23,1976. The series was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26,1976, ever since the late 1970s, most of the storylines have revolved around the Quartermaines and the Spencers. From 1979 to 1988, General Hospital had more viewers than any other soap opera. The soap opera is known for its high-profile celebrity guest stars who have included, among others, Roseanne Barr, James Franco. In 2007, the program was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME, on April 23,2009, General Hospital began broadcasting in high definition, making it the first ABC soap opera to make such a transition. The series aired its 13, 000th episode on February 24,2014, General Hospital became the oldest American soap opera on September 17,2010, following the final broadcast of CBS As the World Turns. On April 14,2011, ABC announced the cancellation of both All My Children and One Life to Live, leaving General Hospital as the last remaining soap opera airing on the network after January 13,2012, the show celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 1,2013. General Hospital was created by Frank and Doris Hursley and premiered on April 1,1963, the first stories were mainly set on the seventh floor of General Hospital, in an unnamed midsize Eastern city. Launched in 1963, the first stories were set at General Hospital in an unnamed midsized Eastern city. The name of the city, Port Charles, would not be mentioned until 1976 by headwriters Eileen, storylines revolved around Dr. Steve Hardy and his friend, Nurse Jessie Brewer. Jessies turbulent marriage to the much-younger Dr. Phil Brewer was the center of many early storylines, in 1964 Audrey March, a flight attendant and sister of Nurse Lucille, came to town, and was the woman who won Steves heart. By the end of the 1970s, General Hospital was facing dire ratings when executive producer Gloria Monty was brought in to turn the show around, Monty is credited with creation of the first supercouple, Luke Spencer and Laura Webber, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis
39.
The Young and the Restless
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The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. The show is set in a fictional Wisconsin town called Genoa City, first broadcast on March 26,1973, The Young and the Restless was originally broadcast as half-hour episodes, five times a week. The show expanded to one-hour episodes on February 4,1980, in 2006, the series began airing encore episodes weeknights on SOAPnet until 2013, when Y&R moved to TVGN. Pop still airs the episodes on weeknights, starting July 1,2013. The series is syndicated internationally. The Young and the Restless originally focused on two families, the wealthy Brooks family and the working class Foster family. After a series of recasts and departures in the early 1980s, all the characters except Jill Foster. Bell replaced them with the new families, the Abbotts. Over the years, other such as the Newmans, Winters. Despite these changes, one storyline that has endured through almost the entire run is the feud between Jill Abbott and Katherine Chancellor, the longest rivalry on any American soap opera. Since its debut, The Young and the Restless has won nine Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series and it is also currently the highest-rated daytime drama on American television. As of 2008, it had appeared at the top of the weekly Nielsen ratings in that category for more than 1,000 weeks since 1988. As of December 12,2013, according to Nielsen ratings, The Young, on January 15,2014, the series was in the middle of its final year of its 2010 contract, and was renewed by CBS through 2017. Y&R is also a show to the Bells other soap opera The Bold. To compete with the youthful ABC soap operas, All My Children, One Life to Live, William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell created The Young and the Restless in 1972 for the network under the working title, The Innocent Years. We were confronted with the very disturbing reality that young America had lost much of its innocence, innocence as we had known and lived it all our lives had, in so many respects, ceased to exist. They changed the title of the series to The Young and the Restless because they felt it reflected the youth, the Young and the Restless began airing on March 26,1973, replacing the canceled soap opera, Where the Heart Is. Bell worked as writer from the debut of the series until his retirement in 1998
40.
Faraway Hill
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Faraway Hill was the first soap opera broadcast on an American television network, airing on the DuMont Television Network on Wednesday nights at 9 pm between October 2 and December 18,1946. A widowed New York City resident, Karen St. John, there she met a man who had been adopted by her family, and with whom she fell in love. However, he was engaged to another woman. In addition, the sophisticated St. John clashed with her rural relatives, the series ran from October 2,1946, to December 18,1946. David P. Lewis, the writer and director, had a budget of around $300 an episode, other actors included Mel Brandt, Eve McVeagh, and Julie Christy. A narrator gave Karens thoughts as bridges between scenes, no footage from the series has survived. The original scripts are owned by the Lewis family. com DuMont historical website
