Yuan Chonghuan, courtesy name Yuansu, art name Ziru, was a Chinese politician, military general and writer who served under the Ming dynasty. Widely regarded as a patriotic culture hero in Chinese culture, he is best known for defending Liaoning from invasions launched by the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty. As a general, Yuan Chonghuan excelled as a cannoneer and sought to incorporate European cannon designs into the Ming arsenal.
Portrait of Yuan Chonghuan
Yuan Chonghuan's tomb in the Huashi neighborhood, near Guangqumen, in Chongwen District, Beijing.
"Listening to the rain" (聽雨) by Yuan Chonghuan, kept at his memorial in Beijing.
The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a Jurchen-led royal dynasty of China in Manchuria and the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries.
Later Jin (后金) c. 1626 shown in light green
Later Jin cavalry charging Ming infantry in the Battle of Sarhū.
Official portrait of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty.
Official portrait of Hong Taiji, the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and subsequently the founder of the Qing dynasty.