Princess Kako of Akishino
Princess Kako of Akishino is the second daughter of Fumihito, Prince Akishino and Kiko, Princess Akishino, a member of the Japanese Imperial Family. She is the second-eldest grandchild of Empress Michiko. Princess Kako was born on 29 December 1994 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace, Tokyo. In April 2001, Princess Kako began Gakushuin Primary School and graduated in March 2007. Princess Kako entered Gakushuin Girls' Senior High School Tokyo in April 2007 and graduated in March 2013. From 7 to 21 August 2003, Kako went to Thailand with her parents and sister for the 71st birthday celebration of Queen Sirikit and for conferment of an honorary fellowship from Ubon Ratchathani University, for joint research on poultry, she has an older sister, Princess Mako, a younger brother, Prince Hisahito. Kako participated in figure skating while in primary school. In 2007, she represented the Meiji-jingu Gaien Figure Skating Club and joined the Spring Cup Figure Skating Competition held by the Japan Skating Federation.
Princess Kako ranked top in the Shinjuku division. In April 2013, she attended the entrance ceremony of Gakushuin University and began her life as an undergraduate student. In August 2014, she quit the Department of Education, the Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University and passed the entrance examination to the International Christian University, her older sister's alma mater. On 2 April 2015, the Princess attended the entrance ceremony of the university in Tokyo. In 2017, as part of the ICU's study abroad programme, Princess Kako traveled to the United Kingdom to study at the University of Leeds, she is studying performing arts and psychology as part of the programme. She completed her studies in June 2018. Kako is styled as Her Imperial Highness Princess Kako of Akishino. Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown - "Their Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Akishino and their family". at the Imperial Household Agency website
Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan is the elder son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko, which makes him the heir apparent to the Chrysanthemum Throne. Naruhito is expected to succeed his father as Emperor on 1 May 2019, following the latter's abdication on 30 April 2019. According to Japan's traditional order of succession, if he ascends the throne on that date, he will become the 126th emperor of the world's oldest monarchy, he will become Japan's first emperor, born after World War II. At the naming of the new Japanese era on 1 April 2019, it was announced that Naruhito will reign over the Reiwa era. Naruhito was born on 23 February 1960 at 4:15 pm in the Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace; the prince quipped, "I was born in a barn inside the moat". His mother, Empress Michiko, is a convert to Shinto from Roman Catholicism. Prior to Naruhito's birth, the announcement about the-then Crown Prince Akihito's engagement and marriage to the then-Ms. Michiko Shōda had drawn opposition from traditionalist groups, because Shōda came from a Roman Catholic family.
Although Shōda was never baptized, she was educated in Catholic schools and seemed to share the faith of her parents. Rumors speculated that Empress Kōjun had opposed the engagement. After the death of Naruhito's paternal-grandmother Empress Kōjun in 2000, Reuters reported that she was one of the strongest opponents of her son's marriage, that in the 1960s, she had driven her daughter-in-law and grandchildren to depression by persistently accusing her of not being suitable for her son. Naruhito's childhood was reported to be happy, he enjoyed such diverse hobbies as music, mountain climbing, riding, he played with the children of the royal chamberlain, he was a fan of the Yomiuri Giants in the Central League, his favorite player being No. 3-turned-team manager Shigeo Nagashima. One day, Naruhito found the remains of an ancient roadway on the palace grounds, sparking a lifelong fascination with the history of transportation, which would provide the subject of his bachelor's and master's degrees in history.
He said, "I have had a keen interest in roads since childhood. On roads you can go to the unknown world. Since I have been leading a life where I have few chances to go out roads are a precious bridge to the unknown world, so to speak."In August 1974, when the prince was 14, he was sent to Melbourne, Australia for a homestay. Naruhito's father the Crown Prince Akihito, had a positive experience there on a trip the year before and encouraged his son to go as well, he stayed with the family of businessman Colin Harper. He got along with his host brothers, riding around Point Lonsdale, playing violin and tennis, climbing Uluru together. Once he played violin for dignitaries at a state dinner at Government House hosted by Governor-General Sir John Kerr; when Naruhito was four years old he was enrolled in the prestigious Gakushūin school system, where many of Japan's elite families and narikin send their children. In senior high, Naruhito joined the geography club. Naruhito graduated from Gakushuin University in March 1982 with a Bachelor of Letters degree in History.
In July of the next year he entered a three-month intensive English course before entering Merton College, Oxford University, in the United Kingdom, where he would study until 1986. Naruhito would not, submit his thesis A Study of Navigation and Traffic on the Upper Thames in the 18th Century until 1989, he revisited these years in his book, The Thames and I – a Memoir of Two Years at Oxford. Among his sightseeing destinations were some 21 historic pubs, including the Trout Inn and The White Hart. Naruhito joined the Japan Society and the drama society, was the honorary president of the karate and judo clubs, he played inter-college tennis, seeding number three out of six on the Merton team, took golf lessons from a pro. In his three years at Merton he climbed the highest peaks in three of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom: Scotland's Ben Nevis, Wales' Snowdon and Scafell Pike in England. While at Oxford, Naruhito was able to go sightseeing across Europe and meet many of its royalty, including the British royal family.
The relaxed manners of the United Kingdom's royals amazed him: "Queen Elizabeth II, he noted with surprise, poured her own tea and served the sandwiches." He went skiing with Liechtenstein's Hans-Adam II, holidayed on Majorca in the Mediterranean with Juan Carlos I, sailed with Norway's Harald and Sonja and Beatrix of the Netherlands. Upon his return to Japan, Naruhito would enroll once more in Gakushūin University to earn a Master of Humanities degree in History earning his degree in 1988. Naruhito first met Masako Owada at a tea for Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo in November 1986, during her studies at the University of Tokyo; the prince was captivated by her, arranged for them to meet several times over the next few weeks. Because of this, they were pursued relentlessly by the press throughout 1987. Despite the Imperial Household Agency's disapproval of Masako, her attending Balliol College, for the next two years, Naruhito remained interested in Masako, he would go on to propose to her three times before the Imperial Palace announced their engagement on 19 January 1993.
The wedding took place on 9 June the same year at the Imperial Shinto Hall in Tokyo before 800 invited guests, including many of Europe's heads of state and royalty, an estimated media audience of 500 million people around the world. After the wedding, the couple moved on the Akasaka Estate in Minato, Tokyo. By the time of their marriage, Naruhito's grandfather Emperor Shōwa had d
Imperial House of Japan
The Imperial House of Japan referred to as the Imperial Family or the Yamato Dynasty, comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present Constitution of Japan, the Emperor is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people". Other members of the Imperial Family perform ceremonial and social duties, but have no role in the affairs of government; the duties as an Emperor are passed so on. The Japanese monarchy is claimed to be the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world; the Imperial House recognizes 125 monarchs beginning with the legendary Emperor Jimmu and continuing up to the current emperor, Akihito. Historical evidence for the first 29 Emperors is marginal by modern standards, but there is firm evidence for the hereditary line since Emperor Kinmei ascended the throne 1,500 years ago. Article 5 of the Imperial Household Law defines the Imperial Family as the Empress. In English, shinnō and ō are both translated as "prince" as well as shinnōhi, naishinnō, ōhi and joō as "princess".
After the removal of 11 collateral branches from the Imperial House in October 1947, the official membership of the Imperial Family has been limited to the male line descendants of the Emperor Taishō, excluding females who married outside the Imperial Family and their descendants. There are 18 members of the Imperial Family: The Emperor was born at Tokyo Imperial Palace on 23 December 1933, the elder son and fifth child of the Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun, he was married on 10 April 1959 to Michiko Shōda. Emperor Akihito succeeded his father as emperor on 7 January 1989; the Empress Michiko Shōda, was born in Tokyo on 20 October 1934, the eldest daughter of Hidesaburo Shōda, president and honorary chairman of Nisshin Flour Milling Inc.. The Crown Prince, the eldest son of the Emperor and the Empress, was born in the Hospital of the Imperial Household in Tokyo on 23 February 1960, he became heir apparent upon his father's accession to the throne. Crown Prince Naruhito was married on 9 June 1993 to Masako Owada.
The Crown Princess was born on 9 December 1963, the daughter of Hisashi Owada, a former vice minister of foreign affairs and former permanent representative of Japan to the United Nations. The Crown Prince and Crown Princess have one daughter: The Princess Toshi The Prince Akishino, the Emperor's second son, second on the succession line, was born on 30 November 1965 in the Hospital of the Imperial Household in Tokyo, his childhood title was Prince Aya. He received the title Prince Akishino and permission to start a new branch of the Imperial Family upon his marriage to Kiko Kawashima on 29 June 1990; the Princess Akishino was born on 11 September 1966, the daughter of Tatsuhiko Kawashima, professor of economics at Gakushuin University. Prince and Princess Akishino have two daughters and a son: Princess Mako of Akishino Princess Kako of Akishino Prince Hisahito of Akishino The Prince Hitachi was born on 28 November 1935, the second son and sixth child of the Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kojun.
His childhood title was Prince Yoshi. He received the title Prince Hitachi and permission to set up a new branch of the Imperial Family on 1 October 1964, the day after his wedding; the Princess Hitachi was born on the daughter of former Count Yoshitaka Tsugaru. Prince and Princess Hitachi have no children; the Princess Mikasa is the widow of the Prince Mikasa, the fourth son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei and an uncle of Emperor Akihito. The Princess was born on 4 June 1923, the second daughter of Viscount Masanori Takagi. Princess Mikasa has three sons with the late Prince Mikasa. Princess Tomohito of Mikasa is the widow of Prince Tomohito of Mikasa, the eldest son of the Prince and Princess Mikasa and a first cousin of Emperor Akihito; the Princess was born on 9 April 1955, the daughter of Takakichi Asō, chairman of Asō Cement Co. and his wife, Kazuko, a daughter of former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida. She has two daughters with the late Prince Tomohito of Mikasa: Princess Akiko of Mikasa Princess Yōko of Mikasa The Princess Takamado is the widow of the Prince Takamado, the third son of the Prince and Princess Mikasa and a first cousin of Emperor Akihito.
The Princess was born the eldest daughter of Shigejiro Tottori. She married the prince on 6 December 1984. Known as Prince Norihito of Mikasa, he received the title Prince Takamado and permission to start a new branch of the Imperial Family on 1 December 1984. Princess Takamado has three daughters, one of whom remains a member of the Imperial Family: Princess Tsuguko of Takamado The following family tree shows the lineage of the contemporary members of the Imperial Family. Princesses who le
Mon (emblem)
Mon monshō, kamon, are Japanese emblems used to decorate and identify an individual, a family, or an institution or business entity. While mon is an encompassing term that may refer to any such device and mondokoro refer to emblems used to identify a family. An authoritative mon reference compiles Japan's 241 general categories of mon based on structural resemblance, with 5116 distinct individual mon; the devices are similar to the badges and coats of arms in European heraldic tradition, which are used to identify individuals and families. Mon are referred to as crests in Western literature, another European heraldic device similar to the mon in function. Mon may have originated as fabric patterns to be used on clothes in order to distinguish individuals or signify membership of a specific clan or organization. By the twelfth century, sources give a clear indication that heraldry had been implemented as a distinguishing feature for use in battle, it is seen on flags and equipment. Like European heraldry, mon were held only by aristocratic families, were adapted by commoners.
On the battlefield, mon served as army standards though this usage was not universal and uniquely designed army standards were just as common as mon-based standards. Mon were adapted by various organizations, such as merchant and artisan guilds and shrines, theater troupes and criminal gangs. In an illiterate society, they served as useful symbols for recognition. Japanese traditional formal attire displays the mon of the wearer. Commoners without mon used those of their patron or the organization they belonged to. In cases when none of those were available, they sometimes used one of the few mon which were seen as "vulgar", or invented or adapted whatever mon they wished, passing it on to their descendants, it was not uncommon for shops, therefore shop-owners, to develop mon to identify themselves. Rules regulating the choice and use of mon were somewhat limited, though the selection of mon was determined by social customs, it was considered improper to use a mon, known to be held by someone else, offensive to use a mon, held by someone of a high rank.
When mon came into conflict, the lower-ranked person sometimes changed their mon to avoid offending their superior. The mon held by the ruling clans of Japan, such as Tokugawa's hollyhock mon and the Emperor's chrysanthemum mon, were protected from unauthorized usage. Patron clans granted the use of their mon to their retainers as a reward. Similar to the granting of the patron's surnames, this was considered a high honor. Alternatively, the patron clan may have added elements of its mon to that of its retainer, or chosen an different mon for them. There are no set rules in the design of a mon. Most consist of a roundel encircling a figure of plant, man-made, natural or celestial objects, all abstracted to various degrees. Religious symbols, geometric shapes and kanji were used as well. Similar to the blazon in European heraldry, mon are named by the content of the design though there is no set rule for such names. Unlike in European heraldry, this "blazon" is not prescriptive—the depiction of a mon does not follow the name—instead the names only serve to describe the mon.
The pictorial depictions of the mon are not formalized and small variations of what is supposed to be the same mon can sometimes be seen, but the designs are for the most part standardized through time and tradition. The degree of variation tolerated differ from mon to mon as well. For example, the paulownia crest with 5-7-5 leaves is reserved for the prime minister, whereas paulownia with fewer leaves could be used by anyone; the imperial chrysanthemum specifies 16 petals, whereas chrysanthemum with fewer petals are used by other lesser imperial family members. Japanese heraldry does not have a cadency or quartering system, but it is not uncommon for cadet branches of a family to choose a different mon from the senior branch; each princely family, for example, uses a modified chrysanthemum crest as their mon. Mon holders may combine their mon with that of their patron, benefactor or spouse, sometimes creating complicated designs. Mon are monochrome. All modern Japanese families have a mon, but unlike before the Meiji Restoration when rigid social divisions existed, mon play a more specialized role in everyday life.
On occasions when the use of a mon is required, one can try to look up their families in the temple registries of their ancestral hometown or consult one of the many genealogical publications available. Many websites offer mon lookup services. Professional wedding planners and other "ritual masters" may offer guidance on finding the proper mon. Mon are seen on stores and shops engaged in traditional crafts and specialties, they are favored by sushi restaurants, which incorporate a mon into their logos. Mon designs can be seen on the ceramic roof tiles of older houses. Mon designs decorate senbei, sake and other packaging for food products to lend them an air of elegance and tradition; the paulownia mon appears on the obverse side of the 500 yen coin. Items symbolizing family crafts, arts or professions were chosen as a mon. A fan design might be chosen by a geisha. A woman may still wear her maiden mon
Empress Michiko
Michiko is the Empress consort of Japan as the wife of Akihito, the current Emperor of Japan reigning from 7 January 1989. She succeeded her mother-in-law, Empress Nagako, consort of Emperor Hirohito. Michiko married Crown Prince Akihito and became the Crown Princess of Japan in 1959, she was the first commoner to marry into the Japanese Imperial Family. She has three children with her husband, her elder son, Naruhito, is the current heir to the Chrysanthemum Throne. As crown princess and as empress consort, she has become the most visible and travelled imperial consort in Japanese history; when Emperor Akihito abdicates, Michiko will receive the new title of Jōkōgō, or in English she will be referred to as Empress Emerita. Michiko Shōda was born on 20 October 1934 at the University of Tokyo Hospital in Bunkyō, the second of four children born to Hidesaburō Shōda, president and honorary chairman of Nisshin Flour Milling Company, his wife, Fumiko Soejima. Raised in Tokyo and in a cultured family, she grew up receiving a careful education, both traditional and "Western", learning to speak English and to play piano and being initiated into the arts such as painting, cooking and kōdō.
She has a younger brother Osamu and a younger sister Emiko. She is the niece of several academics, including Kenjirō Shōda, a mathematician, the president of the University of Osaka from 1954 until 1960. Shōda attended Futaba Elementary School in Kōjimachi, a neighborhood in Chiyoda, but was required to leave in her fourth grade year because of the American bombings during World War II, she was successively educated in the prefectures of Kanagawa and Nagano. She returned to Tokyo in 1946 and completed her elementary education in Futaba and attended the Sacred Heart School for Junior High School and High School in Minato, Tokyo, she graduated from high school in 1953. In 1957, she graduated summa cum laude from the Faculty of Literature at the University of the Sacred Heart with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature, she took courses at Harvard and Oxford. Since she came from a wealthy family, her parents were selective about her suitors. There had been several contenders for her hand in marriage in the 1950s.
Biographers of the writer Yukio Mishima including Henry Scott Stokes report that Mishima had considered marrying Michiko Shōda, that he was introduced to her for that purpose some time in the 1950s. In August 1957, she met then-Crown Prince Akihito on a tennis court at Karuizawa near Nagano; the Imperial Household Council formally approved the engagement of the Crown Prince to Michiko Shōda on 27 November 1958. At that time, the media presented their encounter as a real "fairy tale", or the "romance of the tennis court"; the engagement ceremony took place on 14 January 1959. Although the future Crown Princess was the daughter of a wealthy industrialist, she was still regarded as a commoner. During the 1950s, the media and most persons familiar with the Japanese monarchy had assumed that the powerful Imperial Household Agency would select a bride for the Crown Prince from the daughters of the former court nobility, or from one of the former branches of the Imperial Family; some traditionalists opposed the engagement, as Shōda came from a Roman Catholic family, although she was never baptized, she was educated at Catholic institutions and seemed to share the faith of her parents.
It was widely rumored that Empress Kōjun had opposed the engagement. After the death of Empress Kōjun in 2000, Reuters announced that the former Empress was one of the strongest opponents of the marriage, that in the 1960s, she had driven her daughter-in-law to depression by persistently accusing her of not being suitable for her son. Death threats alerted the authorities to ensure the security of the Shōda family. Yukio Mishima, known for his traditionalist position, said at the time: "The imperial system becomes "tabloïdesque" in its move toward democratization. It's all wrong—the idea losing its dignity by connecting with the people."However, the young couple had by gained wide public support. That support came from the ruling political class. Additionally, everyone showed affection for the young "Mitchi" who had become the symbol of Japan's modernization and democratization; the wedding took place as a traditional Shinto ceremony on 10 April 1959. The wedding procession was followed in the streets of Tokyo by more than 500,000 people spread over an 8.8 km route, while parts of the wedding were televised, thus making it the first imperial wedding to be made available for public viewership in Japan, drawing about 15 million viewers.
In accordance with tradition, Shōda received a personal emblem: the white birch of Japan upon admission to the imperial family. The young couple moved to Tōgū Palace, or "East Palace", the traditional name of the official residence of the crown prince installed since 1952, located within the grounds of the Akasaka Estate in Motoakasaka, Tokyo, they left Tōgū Palace after her husband acceded to the throne in 1989. The couple have three children: Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan (皇太子徳仁親王, Kōtaishi Naruhito Shinnō, born 23 February 1960 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in T
Aiko, Princess Toshi
Aiko, Princess Toshi is the only child of Crown Prince Naruhito and Crown Princess Masako of Japan. Princess Aiko was born on 1 December 2001 at 2:43 PM in the Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace, The first child and only daughter of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess. In a break with tradition, the name of the princess was chosen by her parents, instead of by the Emperor, it was selected from clause 56 of Li Lou II, one of the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Mencius. Aiko, the princess's personal name, is written with the kanji characters for "love" and "child" and means "a person who loves others"; the princess has an imperial title, Princess Toshi, which means "a person who respects others". Princess Aiko began her education at Gakushuin Kindergarten on 3 April 2006, she left kindergarten on 15 March 2008. In 2014, she enrolled at the Gakushuin Girl's Junior High-school. On her eighth birthday, it was revealed her interests include but are not limited to: writing Kanji characters, jump rope, playing piano and violin, writing poetry.
In early March 2010, Aiko began to stay home from school due to, along with other girls, being bullied by her elementary school classmates. Aiko returned to school on a limited basis on 2 May 2010. After returning to school, a senior palace official said that she would attend a limited number of classes accompanied by her mother, upon advice from a doctor at the Crown Prince’s household. In November 2011, Aiko was hospitalized with pneumonia, she visited a special exhibition on the 150th anniversary of Japan-Italy diplomatic relations on 5 April 2016 at the Tokyo museum. Since turning 16, she has accompanied her parents at public appearances. In the summer of 2018, she made her first solo trip abroad to attend a summer program at Eton College; the Imperial Household Law of 1947 abolished the Japanese nobility. The laws of succession in Japan prevent inheritance through the female line. If the laws were changed, Aiko would be second in line to the Chrysanthemum Throne; the birth of Princess Aiko sparked debate in Japan about whether the Imperial Household Law of 1947 should be changed from the current system of agnatic primogeniture to absolute primogeniture, which would allow a woman, as firstborn, to inherit the Chrysanthemum Throne ahead of a younger brother or male cousin.
Although Imperial chronologies include eight empresses regnant in the course of Japanese history, their successors were always selected from amongst the members of the paternal Imperial bloodline, why some conservative scholars argue that the women's reigns were temporary and that male-only succession tradition must be maintained in the 21st century. Though Empress Genmei was followed on the throne by her daughter, Empress Genshō, Genshō herself was succeeded by her brother's son, thus keeping the throne in the same agnatic line. A government-appointed panel of experts submitted a report on 25 October 2005, recommending that the Imperial succession law be amended to permit absolute primogeniture. On 20 January 2006, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi used part of his annual keynote speech to address the controversy when he pledged to submit a bill to the Diet letting women ascend to the throne in order that the Imperial throne be continued into the future in a stable manner. Koizumi did not announce a timing for the legislation to be introduced nor did he provide details about the content, but he did note that it would be in line with the conclusions of the 2005 government panel.
Proposals to replace agnatic primogeniture were shelved temporarily after it was announced in February 2006 that the Crown Prince's younger brother, Prince Akishino and his wife Kiko, Princess Akishino were expecting their third child. On 6 September 2006, Princess Kiko gave birth to a son, third in line to the Chrysanthemum Throne under the current law, after his uncle, the Crown Prince, his father, Prince Akishino; the prince's birth provided the first male heir to be born in the imperial family in 41 years. On 3 January 2007, Prime Minister Shinzō Abe announced that he would drop the proposal to alter the Imperial Household Law. Therefore, at this time it seems unlikely that the succession laws will be changed to allow Princess Aiko to ascend the throne. Aiko is styled as Her Imperial Highness The Princess Toshi, their Imperial Highnesses Crown Prince Naruhito and Crown Princess Masako at the Imperial Household Agency website Press Conference by Their Imperial Highness The Crown Prince and Crown Princess After the Birth of Her Imperial Highness Princess Aiko Press Conference on the occasion of the First Birthday of Her Imperial Highness Princess Aiko BBC News | Japan's new princess meets the public
Urasenke
Urasenke is the name of one of the main schools of Japanese tea ceremony. It is one of the san-Senke; the san-Senke derive from Sen Rikyū, it was not until after the era of his grandson, Sen Sōtan, that the three separate lines of the family came into being. Three sons of Sōtan each became heirs to the family name, to the family profession of teaching the Way of Tea that their mutual family founder, Rikyū, had developed; the original tea room of Urasenke was built by Sen Sōtan when he was contemplating retirement and having his third son take over the headship of the Sen house. He built this retirement tea room on land located next on the north, it has the name "Hut of This Day", from this the entire historical Urasenke estate, located on Ogawa street in the Kamigyo ward of Kyoto, directly north of the Omotesenke estate, is referred to by this name. The head of this line carries the hereditary name Sen Sōshitsu; the present head of Urasenke is Zabōsai Genmoku Sōshitsu. He is the 16th generation in the line.
The Choose Your Own Adventure book: Mystery of Ura Senke, by Shannon Gilligan, deals with the theft of one of the Ura Senke school's most famous tea ceremony bowls, worth millions of yen on the black market. The protagonist and their friend Kenichi Doi, whose older brother Takashi is an Ura Senke school apprentice, start investigating the case. "SEN Soshitsu XVI, Iemoto" in Urasenke website. "The Urasenke Legacy" in Urasenke website. "Konnichian--The Urasenke Home" in Urasenke website. Urasenke Chadō Textbook. Supervising Eds. Genshitsu Sen and Sōshitsu Sen. Media related to Urasenke at Wikimedia Commons Urasenke official homepage
Empire of Iran: Member 2nd Class of the Order of the Pleiades[7]
