1.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
2.
Zamboanga City
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Zamboanga City is a highly urbanized city and the second largest city in Mindanao, Philippines and 3rd largest city by land area in the Philippines. It has a population of 861,799 people as of the 2015 census which makes it the 6th most populous city in the country. It is the commercial and industrial center of the Zamboanga Peninsula Region, Zamboanga City is an independent city, which became a highly urbanized city on November 22,1983, and is not part of the three provinces in Zamboanga Peninsula. Zamboanga City used to be known as Samboangan in historical records and it was founded by the Subanen people during the pre-Hispanic times. After independence from Spain in May 1899, Zamboanga became the Republic of Zamboanga with Chavacano as its official language, after American intervention, the republic was incorporated into the Philippines and became the capital of the Moro Province, now Mindanao, from 1903 to 1913. On October 12,1936, Zamboanga City became a city under Commonwealth Act No.39. It was inaugurated on February 26,1937, which was declared a local holiday, known for its Hispanic culture, the city bears the nickname Asias Latin City. Zamboanga City was founded in the late 12th or early 13th century as a settlement by the Subanen people, Zamboanga peninsula was also the homelands of the ancestors of the Yakan, the Balanguingui, and other closely related Sama-Bajau peoples. During the 13th century, the Tausūg people started migrating to Zamboanga and they became the dominant ethnic group after they were Islamized in the 14th century and established the Sultanate of Sulu in the 15th century. A majority of the Yakan, the Balanguingui, and the Sama-Bajau were also Islamized, the name for the city, Zamboanga, is the Hispanicized spelling of the Sinama term for mooring place - samboangan, from the root word samboang. The name Samboangan is well-attested in Spanish, British, French, German and this is commonly contested by folk etymologies which instead attribute the name to the Indonesian word jambangan, usually with claims that all ethnic groups in Zamboanga were Malays. However, this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s, Spanish explorers arrived in the Philippine archipelago in 1521. In 1569 Zamboanga was chosen as the site of the Spanish settlement, Zamboanga City was one of the main strongholds in Mindanao, supporting colonizing efforts in the south of the island and making way for Christian settlements. It also served as a military outpost, protecting the island against foreign invaders, in 1599, the Zamboanga fort was closed and transferred to Cebú due to great concerns about attack by the English on that island, which did not occur. Zamboanga became the headquarters of the Spaniards on June 23,1635 upon approval of King Philip IV of Spain. The Zamboanga fortress became the focus of a number of battles between Moros and Spaniards while the Spanish ruled the region from 16th to 18th centuries. Spain was forced to abandon Zamboanga temporarily and withdraw its soldiers to Manila in 1662 after the Chinese under Koxinga threatened to invade the Spanish Philippines. While the region was dominated by Catholicism, Muslims kept up a protracted struggle against the ruling Spaniards in the country into the 18th century
3.
Dipolog
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Dipolog, officially the City of Dipolog, is a third class city and the capital of the province of Zamboanga del Norte on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. Geographically, the city is surrounded by rolling hills to the southeast, according to the 2015 census, it has a population of 130,759 people. Dipolog is known for its orchids and its sardine industry which stems from the rich fishing area off its shores. It is known as the Gateway to Western Mindanao through the Western Nautical Highway and has also called the Bottled Sardines Capital of the Philippines. Dipolog can be reached by plane via Dipolog Airport or by ferry at the nearby Pulauan Port in Dapitan City, a popular city attraction is the foreshore Dipolog Boulevard which, though still in its second phase of construction, has become a popular haven for exercise and leisure. It is also the site for various celebrations and festivals in the city, in the third phase of the project, the length of the boulevard will be extended to reach the seaport in Barangay Galas. Dipolog City is known to be as the Gateway to Western Mindanao it is situated in the Northwestern part of the Province of Zamboanga del Norte. It is bounded on the north by Dapitan City, on the east by the Municipality of Polanco, on the south by the Municipality of Sergio Osmeña Sr. and on the west by the Municipality of Katipunan. Its land area in 1914 covered a land area of 248,587 hectares under Act No.302 of the Philippine Islands. It was substantially reduced in 1951 to the current 13,628 hectares, Dipolog City is politically subdivided into 21 barangays. Earliest recorded political history of Dipolog started in 1834 with the re-organization of Spanish Civil Government, at that time, Tulwanans political territory was still part of the Municipality of Dapitan with Don Domingo Ruiz, a native, as its capitán or town executive. Sometime that year, a Spanish Recollect missionary arrived in Tulwanan looking for its barrio executive or local chieftain, upon meeting a native, the missionary asked, ¿Dónde está el capitán. The native understanding only the word capitán pointed to the west and said in Subanen Di-pag, guided by his servant, a Tagalog boy named Antonio Subido, the missionary proceeded down river and upon reaching the Boholano settlement, named the place Dipag. Technically, Dipag and Tulwanan were two different settlements at that time with the former composed of Boholano natives and the latter mostly of Subanen ancestry, when the friar returned to Dapitan, he identified the location of the larger Boholano settlement as Dipag but was not officially written. Frequent conversations by the Spaniards pronounced it in Spanish accent Dipolog which was adopted by the natives. The final political survey surprisingly added the letter L written on it after becoming a barrio of Dapitan. From that time Tulwanans political identity ceased to exist, by the 12th century the Subanen settlers had colonized most of what is now Zamboanga Peninsula region. It was customary for tribes to establish their settlements at the mouth of river systems due to the abundant food supply
4.
Moro Province
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Moro Province is the name of a former province of the Philippines consisting of the former provinces/regions of Zamboanga, Lanao, Cotabato, Davao, and Jolo. The province was governed under a government that has an executive, judicial. The governor served also as the commander of the Army Department of Mindanao-Jolo, most of the district governors and their deputies were members of the American military. In 1913, the governor was replaced by a civil governor. The Moro Council served as the body of the province. The governor and its members were appointed by and with the consent of the Philippine Commission, Justice was administered for the province by two Courts of First Instance, Justice of the Peace Courts and by the Municipal Courts. The province was divided into five districts, with American officers serving as district governors and these districts included, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Jolo, and Zamboanga. The district government is composed of the governor, the secretary, the district officials also form as the District Board which had the power to enact ordinances although subject to the approval of the Legislative Council. The districts were sub-divided into tribal wards, with major datus serving as ward chiefs and minor datus serving as deputies, judges, the head of the tribe has the power to sub-divide his wards and appoint deputies into these sub-wards with the approval of the district governor. The tribal wards were applied only to Muslim communities, meanwhile, the minority Christian communities were merged into regular municipalities. The government of each municipality was composed of a president, vice-president, the President and half of the councilors were elected by qualified voters and the other half is appointed by the district governor. The Province was created by the virtue of Act No.787 in June 1,1903, major General Leonard Wood, with the capacity of commander of the Army Department of Mindanao-Sulu was appointed governor of the province in August 6,1903. By 1913, Governor Pershing agreed that the Moro Province needed to transition to civil government and this was prompted by the Moros personalistic approach to government, which was based on personal ties rather than a respect for an abstract office. To the Moros, a change of administration meant not just a change in leadership but a change in regime, rotation within the military meant that each military governor could serve only for a limited time. Until 1911, every governor and secretary had been a military officer. By November 1913, only one officer still held a civil office – Pershing himself, in December 1913, Pershing was replaced as governor of Moro Province by a civilian, Frank Carpenter. On July 23,1914, the Moro Province was officially replaced by an agency named the Department of Mindanao, the agency was tasked to administer all Muslim-dominated areas in the territory. Frank Carpenter remained as governor of the agency, sultan Mardan of Macadar Moro Rebellion Zamboanga City Cotabato City Davao Department of Mindanao and Sulu General Leonard Wood
5.
Sulu
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Sulu is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name, Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea. The peaceful advent of Islam around 1138 through merchants and traders had a influence on Southeast Asia. The coming of Arabs, Persians and other Muslims paved the way for the arrival of missionaries, traders, scholars and travelers to Sulu. A landmark born of the process was the founding of the Sultanate of Sulu. Year 1380 CE, Karim-ul Makhdum came to Sulu and introduced Islam to the Philippines, Sayyid Abubakar eventually inherited the rule of Rajah Baguinda, established the Sultanate of Sulu and became its first Sultan. To consolidate his rule, Sayyid Abubakar united the political units under the umbrella of the Sultanate. He brought Sulu, Zamboanga Peninsula, Palawan and Basilan under its aegis, the navigational error that landed Ferdinand Magellan in Limasawa brought awareness of Europe to the Philippines and opened the door to Spanish colonial incursion. The Spaniards introduced Christianity and a system of church-state dichotomy. After Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States, American forces came to Jolo, the Agreement eliminated opposition to the civilian government of Gov. Clinton Solidum. The Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Gov. Carpenter was created by Philippine Commission Act 2309, the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes was organized and briefly headed by Teofisto Guingona, Sr. With the enactment by the US Congress of the Jones Law in 1916, ultimate Philippine independence was guaranteed, Sulu, however, had an appointed American governor until 1935 and the Governor General in Manila had a say in Sulu affairs. At any rate, the essence of local governance forged by Rajah Baguinda continued to permeate the ethos of Sulu politics despite centuries of colonial presence, history points to a local government in Sulu that antedates other similar systems in the country. Today, Sulu has a locally constituted government and is part of the ARMM, the province covers an area of 1,600.40 square kilometres. Sulus main island, Jolo, has an area of 868.5 square kilometres, Sulu is a part of the Sulu Archipelago, which stretches from the tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula on the north to the island of Borneo in the south. The main island and its islets are situated between the island-provinces of Basilan to the northeast, and Tawi-Tawi to the southwest, Sulu is bordered by two seas, the Sulu Sea to the north, and the Celebes Sea to its south. Sulu has over 157 islets, some of which remain unnamed, the population of Sulu in the 2015 census was 824,731 people, with a density of 520 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,300 inhabitants per square mile. Although consisting of a community of Muslims, the Tausug dominate the Sulu Archipelago
6.
Dapitan
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Dapitan, officially the City of Dapitan, is a third class city in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines on the island of Mindanao. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 82,418 people and it is historically significant as the place where José Rizal was exiled by the Spaniards for his revolutionary activities. He is considered a hero, and this is known as the Shrine City in the Philippines. The city is home to Glorias Fantasyland, the first amusement park in Mindanao. The beginnings of the settlement now known as the city of Dapitan predates the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores on the island of Mindanao. The Subanens, a tribe of Indo-Malayan stock, were the earliest known settlers who lived along river banks or suba. They are now found in the mountainous areas of Zamboanga del Sur. There are two versions of how Dapitan got its name, the first, from an account attributed to Fr. Urdaneta, infers that the name evolved from the reference to it as Daquepitan. The second version, which is widely accepted according to folklore, says that the name derives from the Cebuano word “Dapit”. The invitation or pag-dapit that he extended to Boholanos is said to be how Dapitan got its name, various historical accounts also indicate that trading voyages and commercial relations existed with the nascent but thriving settlement of Dapitan. This interaction with traders from the different cultures in the region may have had influence on the cultural evolution of Dapitan itself. On June 22,1963, President Diosdado Macapagal signed R. A.3811 which converted Dapitan into a chartered city and it is officially renowned as the “Shrine City of the Philippines. Dapitan City is politically subdivided into 50 barangays, in 1955, the sitios of Sipalok, Barcelona, and Potungan were converted into barrios. Taguilon is home to the Dakak Park and Beach Resort and it is a producer of coconut and agar as well as a fishing port. The pier in Taguilon is a port to the main passenger/cargo port in Dapitan City. Additionally, during severe storms at sea, ferries and other ships find shelter in the Taguilon cove, one can find the mount Lalab overlooking the islets of Silinog and part of Balyangaw. Talisay is a barangay where José Rizal spent four years in exile
7.
Isabela, Basilan
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Isabela, officially the City of Isabela, and often referred to as Isabela City, is a 4th class city and the capital of the province of Basilan, Philippines. It is also known as Isabela de Basilan to differentiate the citys name from the province of Isabela on Luzon island. Trading and commerce are still predominantly East Asian, aided more so by a recent influx of immigrants from Taiwan, Isabelas history is inadvertently inter-mingled with that of Basilan Island and the Sulu Archipelago, albeit culturally, Isabela is an extension of neighboring Zamboanga City. Basilans earliest settlers was believed to be the Orang Dampuans originating from the islands of Eastern Indonesia. They are variously called the Orang Dyaks or the Tagihamas, historians have scant knowledge of the pre-Spanish history of the indigenous Yakans simply because they have had little contact with other ethnic groups. Basilans nearness to Borneo led to the theory that the Yakan originated from the Dyak, although it is fairly safe to say that Basilans history is related to that of the Sulu archipelago, it is by no means right to suppose that Basilans first inhabitants came from Indonesia. Local historians attribute this long lost kingdom to modern-day Kumalarang located along the northwestern coast of Basilan island, chan Chien was received by Lakan Ipentun, presumably a Yakan Prince, who ruled the Kingdom as a vassal to the Sultan of Sulu. The Mandarin official stayed in Kumalarang for two years returning to China. He was accompanied by Lakan Ipentun and an entourage of several hundred, composed of his family, minor chieftains. They were finally given an audience with the Chinese Emperor on November 16,1420 where he asked the latter to proclaim him as a recognized sovereign. Lakan Ipentun wrote a missive to the Chinese Emperor on December 28,1420, the Chinese Emperor received the petition and finally granted Lakan Ipentun with the title of wang. After his request was granted, a satisfied Lakan Ipentun, along with his entire retinue and his funeral was supervised by Yang Shan, administrator of the temples, and was likewise honored by a eulogy sent by the Chinese Emperor which extolled his virtues of determination and serenity. His son, Lapi, was proclaimed as rightful successor to the just bestowed title of wang. Lapi sent one of his fathers most trusted officials, Batikisan, the party, with its newly proclaimed King, eventually returned to Kumalarang, and almost just as promptly faded from the historical records of the period. The proselytization of Basilan started in earnest when Fr, francisco Lado, a Jesuit, established the first Catholic mission, in an area called Pasangen by the native Yakans. Pasangen is a Yakan term for commune, town or a place where people visit or stay and this coastal area, however, was already predominantly populated by Tausug and Samal settlers when the Spanish came, and therefore was likewise locally called a pagpasalan or settlement area. They constructed the first wooden mission and palisade wall near the mouth of the Aguada River, and dedicated the Island to St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit Order. Catholic missionaries together with Spanish soldiers who inter-married into the population were able to successfully penetrate Basilan by bringing in additional Settler soldiers
8.
Margosatubig, Zamboanga del Sur
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Margosatubig is a third class municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 37,873 people, the Subanens were believed to be the first people to have settled in this land, right near the swift flowing river that now traverse the Margosatubig Pilot School and Guiwan district. “Malagus Tubig” was the name of the town, which was taken after the swift river current that kept changing its course towards the mouth of the Dumanquilas Bay. In the 15th century, the Spaniards arrived and found that its bay is a refuge from bad weather for their ships. Soon it became their choice settlement changing Malagus Tubig to its present name Margosatubig and they built a huge stone fort on top of a hill that served as their bastion against Moro pirates who used to raid the settlements along the Dumanquillas Bay and its vicinity. The fort was known as Cotta Heights, in 1963, it was demolished and is now the site of Pax High School. The Spaniards reigned for years and left as their heritage most evidently, suffice it to say that more than a hundred years ago, Margosatubig already existed as a settlement of migrants and natives in the 19th century. From 1917 to 1936, Margosatubig stayed as a district of the city of Zamboanga. It can be said that Margosatubig is the oldest town in Zamboanga del Sur, Margosatubig, in spite of being a pioneer town, still remained isolated and reachable only by sea craft. In 1976, it was opened to the rest of Zamboanga del Sur by an asphalt road connecting it to Pagadian. This was facilitated by the Zamboanga del Sur Development Project undertaken by the Philippine-Australian Development Assistance Programme, Margosatubig is politically subdivided into 17 barangays. Tourist Spots at Margosatubig FM91.3 DXRH Radyo Natin FM94.9 DXEW YES, FM97.7 DXTJ Radyo Kapital 100.9 DXAW Magik FM Philippine Standard Geographic Code Philippine Census Information
9.
Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte
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Sindangan is a first class sub-urbanized municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 99,435 people and it is the fastest growing municipality in the province and the second most populous after the provincial capitol, Dipolog City and ranked third as the most populous town in the Zamboanga Peninsula. In this connection, there are plans to change the status of Sindangan from a municipality to a city, nevertheless, the two versions speak of the source of livelihood of its population - agriculture and fishery. During the American colonial years, Sindangan was a district of Katipunan. Since gaining corporate entity, the chief executives of the municipality initiated several developments which made Sindangan what it is today. As to how Sindangan got its name, several stories have been told, and the Subanon fisherman who did not understand the Spanish language answered indangan, believing he asked on the kind of fish he caught. The stranger heard this as Sindangan, thinking that was the answer to his inquiry to the fisherman about the name of the fish. From then on, the natives used Sindangan to name the place until it became into a municipality on 1936, legend has it that the word “Sindangan” comes from the Spanish preposition “sin”, meaning without and the local dialect word “dangan” meaning pest/s. A more popular version says Sindangan is derivative of the word “Indangan” and this town sets back its origin during the pre-Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Subanon people or tribe was its first inhabitants, the Subanens, a nomadic tribe of Indo-Malayan stock, were the earliest known settlers who lived along river banks or suba, from which word they received their present tribal identity as Subanen. They built houses and sanctuaries for their shelter and formed their own government ruled by the Datu, over the years the Moros settled also in this place and preached the Islam religion. Christianity also propagated on this area through the effort of those Catholic missionaries like the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits, the Augustinians and the Dominicans. He was assigned in Dapitan and Katipunan, and met his martyrdom in the barrio of Ponot now Jose Dalman where he was killed by the people through the leadership of their chieftain. Later on, Sindangan became part of a far town Lubungan now Katipunan since the 19th Century, on December 23,1936, by virtue of Executive Order No.77 issued by President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manuel L. The Municipality of Sindangan covered the area of Sindangan and Panganuran, bartolome Lira Sr. was appointed to organize the Municipality of Sindangan and was its first Municipal President. As his appointive tenure expired, he was elected as the first Municipal Mayor of Sindangan until 1941, since its elevation to a municipality in 1936, people from Luzon and Visayas continued migrating to Sindangan to settle together with their families and built businesses. That is why aside from the Subanens, there are Sindanganons whose origin are from Bohol, Cebu, Samar, Leyte, Negros, Bicol, Pampanga, Sindangan lies on the northwest corridor of Zamboanga del Norte. Ranging from plain, slightly rolling, hilly to mountainous terrains, the Municipality of Sindangan embraces 45,100 hectares of land
10.
Corregidor
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Corregidor Island /kəˈrɛɡᵻˌdɔːr/, locally called Isla ng Corregidor, is an island located at the entrance of Manila Bay in southwestern part of Luzon Island in the Philippines. The island was also the site of a military airfield. During World War II, Corregidor played an important role during the invasion and liberation of the Philippines from Japanese forces. Heavily bombarded in the part of the war, the ruins left on the island serve as a military memorial to American, Filipino. Corregidor is one of the important historic and tourist sites in the country, Corregidor and the other fortified islands of Manila Bay fall under the jurisdiction of the City of Cavite, Cavite province. The tadpole-shaped island, with its tail running eastward, is about 6.5 km long, the highest elevation is at 180 m on the Topside. The island is divided into four sections, The islands biggest area, beneath this was the fortified communications center of the island, as well as the location for the Army headquarters, barracks for enlisted men, a branch of the Philippine Trust Co. Bottomside is the part of the island and is the neck that connects the tail. South of Bottomside was Barangay or Barrio San José, on the north is what was Army Dock, the Malinta Hill separates Bottomside from the Tail End. The Tailside or Tail End is not a name, but it is the remaining portion of the island where different memorials, shrines. Kindley Field was constructed in the early 1920s and named in honor of a hero of the U. S. Army Air Corps. The airfield was operated then by the army, and the navy had a seaplane base, the short runway, cramped and hilly terrain had limited its use. Corregidor and Caballo islands are remnants of a crater, the Corregidor Caldera. However, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology still classifies Corregidor as an active volcano. The island came under Spanish sovereignty on May 19,1570, Legazpi was authorized by the Spanish Crown to establish the capital of the Philippines in Manila, and convert the Muslims in Luzon and Mindanao to Christianity. Corregidor was used as a site for the nine Spanish galleons used during the campaign. Corregidor comes from the Spanish word corregir, meaning to correct, another version claims that the island was used a penitentiary or correctional institution by the Spanish government, and thus came to be called El Corregidor. Corregidor is also a position of authority within the former Spanish administrative structure
11.
Philippine Constabulary
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The Philippine Constabulary was a gendarmerie-type police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991. It was created by the American colonial government to replace the Spanish colonial Guardia Civil and it was the first of the four service commands of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. On January 29,1991, it was merged with the Integrated National Police to form the Philippine National Police, the Philippine Constabulary was established on August 18,1901, under the general supervision of the civil Governor-General of the Philippines, by authority of Act. No.175 of the Second Philippine Commission, for the purpose of maintaining peace, law, by the end of 1901, a total of 180 officers had been commissioned. This phase of the Philippine–American War ended in Luzon by 1906, with the surrender and execution of one of its last remaining generals, continued disorder and brigandry prompted Governor-General William Howard Taft to maintain the PC to combat insurgents. Captain Henry T. Allen of the 6th U. S. Cavalry, a Kentucky-born graduate of West Point, was named as the chief of the force, and was later dubbed as the Father of the Philippine Constabulary. With the help of four army officers, Captains David Baker, W. Goldsborough, H. Atkinson. Garwood, Captain Allen organized the force, trained, equipped and armed the men as best as could be done at the time, llorente retired as a Colonel in 1921 while Velasquez retired as Major in 1927. The Philippine Constabulary Band was formed on October 15,1902 by Colonel Walter Loving upon the instructions of Governor-General Taft, the Philippines was famous abroad before the first world war was the Philippine Constabulary Band. A school for the constabulary was established on February 17,1905 at the Santa Lucia barracks in Intramuros, in 1908, the school was transferred to Baguio. In 1916 the school was renamed Academy for Officers of the Philippine Constabulary, in 1926, the school was renamed the Philippine Constabulary Academy. When the Philippine Army was created in 1936, as the Philippine Commonwealth Army, the school is the main source of regular officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, which prior to 1991 included those of the Philippine Constabulary. In 1935, a tract of land was acquired in New Manila Heights. It was given by the City of Manila government in exchange for the old Gagalangin barracks compound in Tondo. Part of this tract became Camp Crame, named after Brigadier General Rafael Cramé of Rizal Province who became the first Filipino appointed Chief of the Constabulary on December 17,1917. Other parts of the tract became Camp Murphy, and Zablan Field and it consisted of soldiers trained in military police duties with nationwide jurisdiction. The move to abolish the national force and to make it a nucleus of a Philippine Army got underway when the Army of the Philippines was created in 1936. The Constabulary was inactivated on this date and was known as the Constabulary Division, the PC was not gone but got submerged in a bigger organization
12.
Elpidio Quirino
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Elpidio Rivera Quirino was a Filipino politician of ethnic Ilocano descent who served as the sixth President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925 and he was then elected as senator from 1925–1931. In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine independence commission that was sent to Washington, in 1935, he was also elected to the convention that drafted the 1935 constitution for the newly established Commonwealth. In the new government, he served as secretary of the interior, after World War II, Quirino was elected vice-president in the 1946 election, consequently the second and last for the Commonwealth and first for the third republic. After the death of the incumbent president Manuel Roxas in 1948, the Quirino administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns and barrios. Quirino ran for president again in the 1953 presidential election, but was defeated by Nacionalista Ramon Magsaysay, after his term, he retired to his new country home in Novaliches, Quezon City, where he died of a heart attack on February 29,1956. Elpidio Quirino was a native of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur although born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur to Don Mariano Quebral Quirino of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur and Doña Gregoria Mendoza Rivera of Agoo and he was baptized on November 19,1890. Quirino spent his years in Aringay, La Union. He studied and graduated from his education to his native Caoayan. He received secondary education at Vigan High School, then went to Manila where he worked as computer technician at the Bureau of Lands. He graduated from Manila High School in 1911 and also passed the civil service examination, Quirino attended the University of the Philippines. In 1915, he earned his law degree from the universitys College of Law and he was engaged in the private practice of law. He was later inducted into the Pan Xenia Fraternity, a professional fraternity in the University of the Philippines. Quirino was married to Alicia Syquia on January 16,1921, the couple had five children, Tomas, Armando, Norma, Victoria, and Fe. Only Quirino, his son Tomas, and his daughter Victoria and his brother Antonio Quirino was the owner of Alto Broadcasting System, which later merged with Chronicle Broadcasting Network to form the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. His daughter Victoria Quirino y Syquía, first married the Philippine ambassador to Spain Luis M. González, when he passed, she married the very wealthy Don Francisco Delgado who has numerous business interests in the Marianas Islands and the Philippines. They married in the Ermita of the Rosario de Chinchón, May 1970, Quirino was engaged in the private practice of law until he was elected as member of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1919 to 1925, succeeding Alberto Reyes. In 1925 he was succeeded as Congressman by Vicente Singson Pablo, Quirino was elected as Senator from 1925 to 1931 representing the First Senatorial District
